What is surf. Geographic Encyclopedia

surf

surf, pl. No m.

Sea waves crashing into the shore. tidal bore. The measured sound of the surf. Prishvin. Waves of frantic surf continuously shaft the sea with a roar, whistle, screech, howl hits the coastal cliff. Tyutchev.

trans. What is approaching is piling up in abundance (book poet.). Surf of human crowds.

A place on the shore, about which the waves are beating. There was a hut right next to the surf. Waves on a noisy surf. Bryusov.

An increase in volume (heaps of stones), obtained after crushing a large stone into rubble (tech.). Surf is obtained up to 10% of the volume.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova.

surf

I, m. Sea waves running ashore. Ocean village Noise of the surf.

adj. surf, th, th. Breaking wave.

New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

surf

m. Compaction of fabric threads to a given density (during the production of fabric on a loom).

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

surf

the phenomenon of the destruction of sea waves at shallow depths when they run ashore, caused by a delay in the movement of water particles in the lower part of the wave due to their friction against the bottom.

Surf

"Surf", a legal Bolshevik publishing house, founded in November 1912 in St. Petersburg during the "insurance campaign" (1912-1914), from 1913 began publishing literature on the social insurance of workers; from July 1913 it became the publishing house of the Central Committee of the RSDLP, at the direction of which the main attention was paid to the publication of political agitation and propaganda literature on issues of the labor movement. Collections were published: "Marxism and Liquidationism" with articles by V. I. Lenin, "Insurance of Workers in Russia and the West" (2nd and 3rd editions), the calendar "Worker's Companion for 1914" (with Lenin's article "Strikes in Russia”) and others. A. I. Ulyanova-Yelizarova, M. S. Olminsky, F. I. Drabkina, and others participated in the work of the publishing house. » ceased its activity; The publishing house resumed work in March 1917. Lenin's Letters on Tactics were published. Letter 1 with the April theses attached; "The Tasks of the Proletariat in Our Revolution"; "Lessons of the Revolution"; "Materials on the revision of the party program"; "Impending catastrophe and how to deal with it." In 1918, he joined the book publishing house Kommunist.

Lit .: Shvartsman S. M., Publishing house "Priboy" (1913≈1914), in the collection: "Book", ╧ 13, M., 1966.

Wikipedia

Surf

Surf- the destruction of waves off the coast of the seas and large lakes.

Surf (disambiguation)

Surf:

Surf- the destruction of the waves near the shore.

Surf (village)

Surf is a village in Bulgaria. Located in the Pernik region, part of the Radomir community. The population is 256 people.

Surf (factory)

OJSC "Taganrog plant" Priboy ""- instrument-making plant in Taganrog, one of the leading instrument-making enterprises in the country. Specialization - development and serial production of sonar weapons for the Navy.

Surf (Sakhalin Region)

Surf- a village in the Kholmsky urban district of the Sakhalin region of Russia, 9 km from the regional center.

Surf (city)

Surf- a Serbian city located in the Zlatibor district, the community of Priboi on the Lim River. According to the 2002 census, 19,564 people lived in the city. It was founded in the Middle Ages not far from the Yagat fortress, which stood on Mount Beach.

Surf (Buryatia)

Surf- a village in the Kabansky district of Buryatia. Included in the rural settlement "Tankhoy".

Founded at the stopping point of the East Siberian Railway Priboy (5443 km).

Surf (community)

Surf- a community in Serbia, part of the Zlatibor district.

The population of the community is 28,603 people (2007), the population density is 52 people/km². The occupied area is 553 km², of which 33.3% is used for industrial purposes.

The administrative center of the community is the city of Priboy. The Priboy community consists of 33 settlements, the average area of a settlement is 16.8 km².

Surf (Vologda region)

Surf- a village in the Belozersky district of the Vologda region.

It is part of the Guli rural settlement, in terms of administrative-territorial division - in the Guli village council.

Located on the shore of the Azat lake. The distance by road to the regional center of Belozersk is 40.5 km, to the center of the municipal formation of the village of Nikonovskaya - 10.5 km. The nearest settlements are Agashino, Zvoz, Lundino.

According to the 2002 census, there was no permanent population.

Surf (outboard motor)

Outboard motor "Surf" was produced from 1968 to the beginning of the 80s by one of the defense plants of the USSR as a conversion product. Structurally, the motor copied the Johnson two-stroke outboard motor of the 1950s, but the materials from which the Surf motor was made were much inferior in quality to Western ones, so it never differed from the original in long and reliable operation.

With a weight of 19 kg, it had two cylinders and a power of 5 horsepower, and even by today's standards it is one of the lightest five-horsepower engines in the world. motor "Neptune", which later allowed users to independently replace it with a non-contact one.

The magazine "boats and yachts" wrote about the shortcomings of this motor back in 1969:

“The technical parameters of the motor are also important. And here the Priboy outboard motor is inferior to the best world motors of the same class. If its specific gravity does not raise any particular objections, then the liter power of 40. hp / l) is significantly lower than that of the Tomos engines, for which this figure is 60-65 hp. s./l. The specific fuel consumption (about 500 g / hp hour versus 300 for the mentioned foreign engines) is also excessively high; apparently, far from the best sample with an uneconomical deflector purge system was chosen for the prototype. (Outboard motor "Priboy" - G. A. Makarov, E. R. Chertulov, magazine "Boats and Yachts", 1969)

Under the Priboy engine, the Kazanka boat with one person on board developed a speed of 12 km / h, with three - 10 km / h. (The Kazanka can develop a similar speed with, for example, a Suzuki DF2.5 engine of 2.5 hp)

Fuel - gasoline with oil dissolved in it.

The absence of crankshaft oil seals on the engine should be attributed to congenital design flaws - their role was played by bronze bushings, which are also plain bearings, even at the slightest wear of which air began to leak into the crank chamber, which led to problems with starting, the impossibility of stable operation. After the appearance of the 8-horsepower Veterok engine, in which many of the shortcomings of the Surf were eliminated, it began to enjoy an unimportant reputation and increasingly falling demand, so it was discontinued.

The advantages of the motor include:

:# Light weight

:# Compactness and unpretentiousness to fuel and oils

The disadvantages include:

Complete set of the motor with only one half-speed propeller

:# Very high specific fuel consumption - about 500 grams per 1 hp. per hour against 300 gr./hp/h. at analogues.

:# Difficulties with spare parts even during the years of production due to the low unification of nodes.

:# Lack of reverse in the gearbox, however, this is a drawback of almost all low-power motors of that time, including the Veterok

:# Unreliable and inconvenient manual starter with the lower location of the cord.

:# A complex and difficult to adjust carburetor, combined with a gasoline pump.

:# No built-in tank

:# Frustratingly unreliable

Examples of the use of the word surf in the literature.

Boiled surf human, Along the Aviamotornaya, Along the Avtozavodskaya, In the factory shops of the big-eyed The light burns in the middle of the night, Oh, highway Enthusiasts, Oh, the road of Muscovites.

Standing in a dark vineyard, Albin listened for a long time to the rumble surf and sometimes smiled at something.

The entire Apocalypse is permeated by these waves, it has a certain rhythm: a wave of evil grows and then, as during surf, collapses and smashes against the rocks and retreats.

From the Kolokolny Boulevard to the Austerlitz Bridge, a rumble swept through the crowd like the sound of the sea. surf.

When twilight clouded the sea distance and dressed the land in crimson, they turned into a shallow bay and, passing the strip surf, came close to a wide bank that rose smoothly from the water, on which rows of drying canoes lay.

He waved his spear, and, like white foam surf, the white lights of the Rakshasas rushed forward.

Below us, for many thousands of meters, is emptiness, an endless sea of clouds rolling in white foam. surf on steep mountain spiers.

In kilometers below us, under the white foam surf rain clouds, smoking, waiting, invisible ominous greenish clouds of phosgene and an acid ocean.

Revealing an unhealed whirlwind in the play of their depths, the volitional element eliminates forms and terms and adjusts surf to the stringless note of love.

Above the line surf phalaropes, sorok-tea, wingless razors, fulmars and petrels, little storm-petrels, grebes and grebes scurry about.

I reached the bottom of the shaft by the ladder and, plucking up courage, tore off this cover, knelt down and listened to the sewage floundering and rustling there, listened to the riser, in which the flushed water splashed in the latrines, listened to the melodic murmur of the washbasins and the draining of soapy water. from the baths -- as if I were listening to a miniature surf sea waves and salty waters, but still, as soon as I pricked up my ears, the cry of fighting rats was clearly heard over all these waters, biting into the flesh, moaning and jubilation, splashing and splashing of fighting rat bodies, sounds that came from an unknown distance, but I I knew that if I moved the lid or the grate on any outskirts and went down, then the last rat battle would go on everywhere, that very supposedly last rat war, which would end in great jubilation, and it would last until a reason was found for everything. start over.

Beyond the Barrier Reef, blue-green algae have not yet appeared, oceanic surf keeps them from showing their noses out of the maze of reefs.

Lowering the book on his knees, Volgin thoughtfully followed the tireless game surf.

Vegetation swirled wildly around, overflowing the collapsed walls of countless houses. surf kumaniki, holly, ivy, hairweed and weeds.

Climbing up the shaft of gravel heaped surf, Golovnin saw a camp of cloth tents on a gentle slope.

The world's oceans are not allowed to remain in complete peace. The waters are constantly moving, ebb and flow. As a result of surge phenomena, it happens that their level changes dramatically. Vertical currents are formed. The unrest of the smooth surface is caused by winds, the attraction of the Moon and the Sun, the depths are agitated by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions. Movements of unsteady masses are closely connected with the planetary system of air currents above the Earth. Extensive topic. For now, let's talk about what surf is in geography. Poets often ask him not to run away too fast.

In a lyrical way

Some people have the opportunity to go to the Black Sea coast, others - the Volga rivers, others - the Angara, fourth - a small river flowing right behind the garden. They all notice how the waves, powerful or quiet, beat against the edge of the earth. They roll, they roll, they approach, they immediately move away. The process intensifies, subsides, but does not stop.

What is surf according to romantics? Fairy-tale swing on which you can mentally ride. Chips and algae do it with enviable constancy - up and down! Everyone who is inclined to animate nature speaks of the friendliness of the phenomenon: putting your hand into the life-giving moisture, you feel the touch: “Hello, my friend!”.

The lyrics are replaced by a sense of drive when you imagine an ocean foamy wave. By the way, "surf" in English is surf. Hence the name of the modern sport - surfing. Riding a steep ridge, standing on a special board, is an inexpressible feeling. Leisure became popular in the 1950s. Long before that, "vertical racing" was not considered a sport - the inhabitants of the Pacific Islands, conquering the elements, demonstrated their courage, defended the right to leadership.

To gentle sounds

The wind likes to walk easily and spaciously, especially in large spaces. Hostile conditions - reefs, rocks and other treacherous places - create very high waves. The noise of the surf is such that you can go deaf! It is dangerous to ride on such "hills". Where there is a coastline, as a rule, special places are organized for the entertainment of surfers, using more suitable options for practical purposes.

The measured sound of the surf is a special article. He can lull, calm, evoke pleasant thoughts. It happens, excites, inclines to melancholy. I want to plug my ears with my hands and run to where there is silence. There is a certain dependence: having waited out the alarm, it again pulls to where the sea or the river sounds with eternal chords. That's what surf is!

Waves do not run horizontally: they bounce on the go, making vertical (oscillatory) movements. Fishermen are familiar with the picture: float up and down, up and down. An integral part of fishing equipment is like a gray feather grass in the steppe: it sways, letting in air currents, but itself, like the field, does not move.

wind force

How is a ridge formed? The lower part near the shore slows down on the bottom, the upper part is still moving, with a subsequent tilt forward and overturning. The flow, striving for land - in a white cap of foam, the return one - without it. A small wave gives rise to a quiet rustle (“Foamy rustle of coastal waves”), a high one - a roar resembling thunder peals.

Returning to the circulation of the atmosphere, we note that the wind presses on a shaky surface, knocking down its fragile balance. With a force of up to 2.4 m / s, a wave usually rises no higher than 4 meters. A storm can severely raise masses to the level of 20 m. There are known cases of wind waves from a ten-story building. At 34 meters, the hulk shot up back in 1933 in South Africa, at the site of the Agulhas current.

Such waves are called killers, robbers, villains, "a bad joke." They crash ships. For a long time, it was believed that "rogue waves" were something from the realm of fantasy. Reliable evidence gradually accumulated, statistical studies were carried out. There are many assumptions about the causes of occurrence, only one thing is clear: the phenomenon is not associated with catastrophic geophysical events.

Once again, a word of caution: surfing in the area of "bad jokes" (even not too high) leads to disastrous consequences. Don't take risks! What is the surf - many people know, you can not argue with him!

Advantages and disadvantages

As soon as the wind subsides, the rampage of the "robbers" is replaced by ripples or gentle "swings". When diving to a depth, the excitement of the water is almost imperceptible. But what depths! Today we are not talking about them. What is a surf? This is a powerful destroyer capable of turning and dragging multi-ton stones. To protect the shore from its energy, people build breakwaters (hydraulic structures).

And he's also a builder. Resting on a beach - sandy or pebbly - people rarely think that the place is a modest gift from the surf. It was he who carefully crushed and ran in large formations, a wonderful natural mobile perpetuum!

Just falling...

One of the most important mechanisms of motion is the refraction of waves. They rarely break on the shore at a right angle. The upward movement of water on land (skew) occurs at an oblique angle. Water return (backwash) - at right angles to the beach. This results in a net lateral movement of the beach material (beach drift).

By mixing, the water is enriched with oxygen, becomes less cold, and therefore more suitable for reproduction and life of the inhabitants of the sea and river depths. Tell and show the children what is the surf, high tide, low tide, current, tsunami, storms. It is very interesting! In the meantime, feed on the elements of the ocean, the sky, touch the philosophy of being! See you!

Surf

wave breaking on the shore. The nature and intensity of the surf depend on the shape of the shore. On a gently sloping (shallow) shore, the magnitude of the surf wave is less than on a steep (with a deep one).

encyclopedic Dictionary

Surf

Dictionary of Efremova

Surf

m.
1. :
  1. Waves hitting the shore.
  2. Noise produced by such waves.
2. The coastline against which the waves crash.
m. Compaction of fabric threads to a given density (during the production of fabric on a loom).

Ozhegov's dictionary

PRIB O Y, I, m. Sea waves crashing on the shore. Ocean village Noise of the surf.

| adj. surf, oh, oh. Breaking wave.

Geomorphological dictionary-reference book

Surf

deformation of the sea (lake) wave directly near the shore. P., like a breaker, is accompanied by a sharp increase in the steepness of the slope of the waves, the crests of which overturn on the shore and foam. P. causes the destruction of abrasion shores and contributes to the formation of beaches on shallow shores.

Poetry of the Russian Diaspora

SURF

Harbin. 1941. Publishing house "Nation". No. 1. Emigrant poets: Elena Dal (Plaskeeva), N. Dozorov (Arseny Nesmeloye), A. Karbovsky, A. Nesmeloye, Elizaveta Rachinskaya, Al. Rusanova (A. Nosova), Vitaly Timoshevsky.

No. 2. Emigrant poets: A. Achair, N. Zavadskaya, V. Loginov, N. Muravikov, E. Nedelskaya, V. Pereleshin, G. Satovsky-Rzhevsky, N. Semenov, G. Khalyabin.

Dictionary Ushakov

Surf

surf th, surf, pl. No, husband.

1. Sea waves crashing into the shore. Tidal bore. "The measured sound of the surf." Prishvin. “Waves of frantic surf continuously shaft the sea with a roar, whistle, screech, howl beats into the coastal cliff.” Tyutchev.

| trans. What is approaching is piling up in multitude ( books. poet.). Surf of human crowds.

2. A place on the beach where the waves crash. There was a hut right next to the surf. "Waves on a noisy surf." Bryusov.

3. An increase in volume (heaps of stones) obtained after crushing a large stone into rubble ( those.). Surf is obtained up to 10% of the volume.

Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

Surf

Sea wave running ashore, provided that it rolls along a sloping bottom; hitting the bottom and encountering an obstacle in it for the free movement of water particles down, but at the same time possessing great living power, this wave rises to its great height: in some places, the breaking wave rolling from the ocean reaches 10 fathoms in height. In the Bay of Biscay, off the coast of the Pacific Ocean and Siberia, there are places where, in addition to its extraordinary height, P. rolls onto the shore with unusual beauty and breaks on scattered ridges of stones and underwater cliffs. Usually, a surf wave runs in a slender ridge parallel to the outlines of a shallow or coast, and thus indicates to sailors from afar the place where the bottom rises to the coast and the depth, decreasing, affects the nature of the excitement; the bottom of this wave in its forward movement is delayed by friction on the sand of the bottom, and the top of the wave, striving forward, turns towards the shore in a noisy, foamy, spiral-shaped "lamb" (curl). Marine P. is very dangerous for sailors disembarking; but the savages living on the shores and islands of the Pacific and Indian Ocean very cleverly pass these dangerous places in their canoes, pirogues and canoes; if they happen to roll over in a surf wave, then with a quick movement of the oar and body they straighten the boat and again keep the direction - against the wave. Sailors of all countries approaching the shore accompanying P.(the most dangerous case of rowing), adhere to the following general rules, assuming, of course, that they row and steer carefully and well: a) when rowing to the shore with a large passing P. : 1) carefully avoid each shaft, i.e. try to put the boat so that the shaft breaks in front of or behind it; 2) if the excitement is very high or the boat is small, you should drag, that is, move to the shore astern, each time rowing forward towards each large shaft until it passes under the boat: then drag to the shore again; 3) if there is confidence that it is possible to safely reach the shore with the boat, going bow first, then nevertheless, when approaching each shaft, slow down the boat, herd, or throw it out astern trawl so that, while towing it, constantly keep the stern against the breaking wave: this is the main concern and skill; 4) the main weights should be transferred to the end of the boat, facing the sea, however, without loading it too much; 5) if the boat approaches the shore under sail, then before reaching P. we must certainly remove the sails and cut down the masts to pass P. under the oars, carefully managed, as above; if there are only sails, then they should be significantly reduced, remaining under the foresail or other small headsail. b) When rowing from the shore : 1) assuming the boat is well controlled - you only need to take care to avoid meeting with the breaking wave when it wraps its crest and breaks - otherwise it will flood the boat; 2) going against a strong wind and a big P., one should lean on the oars and give full speed to meet every breaking wave that cannot be avoided; 3) on steam boats, one should not give the fullest stroke against the wave, so as not to crash into it, but, slightly reducing the stroke, allow the wave to pass smoothly under the boat. in) Landing on a sloping shore (forward or astern), every effort must be made to keep the boat in a position astern directly against the wave until it touches the keel of the shallows; after that, each oncoming shaft will raise it and move it to the shore, and the rowers, having jumped out of the boat, drag it by hand to the shore. G) Landing on a steep bank , you should act differently: to the very shore, have the greatest possible speed: whether they are approached under sails or oars, near the shore they turn sharply sideways to the wave, towards P.: the boat will be thrown ashore by the wave; usually people gather on the shore in these cases, which will help to drag the boat out of the action of the waves as soon as possible, otherwise it may be washed back into the sea. In such a case, it would be dangerous to approach the shore in reverse, taban; here, on the contrary, it is necessary to keep full speed ahead in order to reach the shore with the wave. It is very difficult to give any general instructions and rules for mooring a wrecked ship or a ship sailing or in pairs - in greater waves [Which also fits the concept of the action of a surf wave on a boat.] - it is very difficult: this is a matter of practice, skill and experience of the helmsman and rowers; the usual rules - molesting from the leeward side, fastening to the second can of the thrown end of the appropriate length, steering on the move, etc. - should be known to every sailor and amateur.

What is "SUB"? What is the correct spelling of this word. Concept and interpretation.

SURF surf destruction of a wave on the sea, lake or other body of water, which occurs in shallow water, directly at the coast. In this case, the oscillatory movements of water along the vertical, characteristic of the open water area, are replaced by the reciprocating movement of the surf flow. At first, the wave shortens and increases its height, then its upper part begins to outstrip the lower part, which is decelerated due to friction against the bottom, which may be accompanied by the formation of a ridge and its partial collapse (rolling). At the coastline, the entire mass of the wave falls on the beach and, by inertia, passes along it for a certain distance (splash zone). Then, under the influence of gravity, the water rolls back. Surf on the shores of the Florida Strait. Cuba The surf forms the relief of the coastal zone of reservoirs. Its destructive activity is called abrasion and leads to the retreat of the coastline towards the land, the formation of steep ledges (cliff) with a characteristic depression in the lower part (wave-cutting niche) and a rocky sub-horizontal platform in front of it (bench). Under the action of the surf, rock fragments in the coastal zone move in the horizontal and vertical directions, crush and roll, acquiring rounded outlines. The accumulating activity of the surf causes the formation of beaches, spits, coastal and underwater bars and contributes to the advancement of the coastline towards the water area. In most cases, the impact of the surf leads to a straightening of the coastline and a simplification of its outlines.

SURF- a sea wave running ashore, provided that it rolls along a sloping bottom; hitting the bottom ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

SURF- I Surf? The phenomenon of the destruction of the sea (lake) wave, which occurs as a result of breaking ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

SURF- SURF, surf, pl. no, m. 1. Sea waves hitting the shore. tidal bore. The measured sound of the surf. At...

surf is the destruction of a wave on a sea, lake or other body of water, which occurs in shallow water, directly at the coast. In this case, the oscillatory movements of water along the vertical, characteristic of the open water area, are replaced by the reciprocating movement of the surf flow. At first, the wave shortens and increases its height, then its upper part begins to outstrip the lower part, which is decelerated due to friction against the bottom, which may be accompanied by the formation of a ridge and its partial collapse (rolling). At the coastline, the entire mass of the wave falls on the beach and, by inertia, passes along it for a certain distance (splash zone). Then, under the influence of gravity, the water rolls back.
on the coast of the Florida Strait. Cuba

Forms the relief of the coastal zone of reservoirs. Its destructive activity is called abrasion and leads to the retreat of the coastline towards the land, the formation of steep ledges (cliff) with a characteristic depression in the lower part (wave-cutting niche) and a rocky sub-horizontal platform in front of it (bench). Under the action of the surf, rock fragments in the coastal zone move in the horizontal and vertical directions, crush and roll, acquiring rounded outlines. The accumulating activity of the surf causes the formation of beaches, spits, coastal and underwater bars and contributes to the advancement of the coastline towards the water area. In most cases, the impact of the surf leads to a straightening of the coastline and a simplification of its outlines.

Watch value Surf in other dictionaries

Surf- priboynik, etc., see nailing.
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Surf- surf, pl. no, m. 1. Sea waves hitting the shore. tidal bore. The measured sound of the surf. Prishvin. Waves of frantic surf continuously shaft the sea with a roar, whistle, screech, ........
Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

Surf- -I; m.
1. Waves hitting the shore. Marine settlement Noise of the surf. The boat was washed up by the surf. / On the noise produced by such waves. P. interferes with sleep. You can't hear anything because of the surf.
2nd place........
Explanatory Dictionary of Kuznetsov

Novikov-surf- (real name Novikov) Alexei Silych (1877-1944) - Russian writer. In short stories and novels ("Ukhaby", 1927), the image of the sailor masses before and during the October Revolution. Historical........
Big encyclopedic dictionary

Novikov-surf Alexey Silych- (real name Novikov; 1877-1944) - Russian. writer. Genus. to the cross. family. He graduated from the parochial school. In 1907, he published pamphlets about the Russian language banned by the government. - Japanese. war........
Encyclopedic Dictionary of Nicknames

Clado, Nick. Lavrent. (surf)- prof. Nikol. sea academician, author of topical. articles in Nov. vr. by sea vopr., r. 1861.
Big biographical encyclopedia