Elk island recreation area. Moose Island National Park

Federal state budget institution.

The Losiny Ostrov National Park was organized on August 24, 1983 on the basis of the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR “On the Establishment of the Losiny Ostrov State Natural National Park”. Along with the Sochi National Park, it is the oldest in Russia.

The area of ​​the Losiny Ostrov National Park is 128 sq. km, of which 30 sq. km is located within Moscow. Forests occupy 83% of the park area, swamps - 5%, water bodies - 2%.

Settlements on the territory of Losiny Island: the village of Mosvodokanal, Suponevo, Balashikha (Abramtsevo microdistrict), Novy Svet, Dolgoe Ledovo, Korolev (microdistricts, Peat enterprise, Pogonny, 12th Switch, Oboldino).

There are three functional zones in the national park:
- specially protected, closed to the public, where natural complexes are preserved in their natural form. It serves as a refuge for large mammals, a nesting place for birds;
- educational and excursion, open to the public accompanied by a guide on ecological routes;
- recreational, intended for mass recreation.

The uniqueness of Losiny Ostrov is that on its territory, surrounded by a metropolis, a natural forest has been preserved, which is distinguished by exceptional natural diversity. Some of the forests of Losiny Ostrov are classified as primary forests, a special type of ancient virgin forest that has been preserved for a long period of time and has not been affected by human activity.

The main feature of the nature of Losiny Ostrov is the great diversity and mosaic distribution of plant communities in its relatively small area.

More than 600 species of higher plants, 36 species of lichens, about 90 species of fungi, and about 150 species of algae are found on the territory of Losiny Ostrov. Species listed in the Red Books of Moscow and the Moscow Region are presented.

In the forest, surrounded on all sides by cities with a population of many millions, about 180 species of birds live or appear during migration, up to 40 species of mammals (including elks, wild boars, spotted deer), at least 13 species of amphibians and reptiles. About 15 species of fish live in the reservoirs of the park.

The following tasks are assigned to the Losiny Ostrov Natural National Park:
- protection of the unique natural complex of the park, preservation and restoration of the Yauza wetland complex, protection of rare species of plants and animals;
- promotion of environmental and ecological knowledge;
- creation of conditions for the development of educational recreation, combining walks with observing the life of the forest, as well as conditions for everyday mass recreation of citizens living in the immediate vicinity of the park.

Moscow region, city of Moscow

Founding history
Elk Island is a unique territory. Here, near the city of many millions, the nature of Central Russia in all its diversity has been preserved in a natural state: coniferous, birch and broad-leaved forests, meadows and raised bogs, the sources of the Yauza with lakes and floodplains. Beavers, wild boars and elks, many birds of prey live ten kilometers from the Kremlin, and plants rare in the Moscow Region grow.
The Losiny Ostrov National Park is one of the first in Russia, created in 1983 on the territory that since ancient times served as protected hunting grounds for the Grand Dukes and Tsars.

Physical and geographical features
Geographically, the park is confined to the junction of the Meshcherskaya lowland and the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge, which is the watershed of the Moscow and Klyazma rivers. The most picturesque area in the southwest of the park. On the territory of the park there are the sources of the Yauza and Pekhorka rivers, there are several ponds: Alekseevsky, Golyanovskiy, Kazyonny and others. All these reservoirs are located in the recreational zone of the park. Swamps in the park occupy a fairly large area. Of particular value is the Verkhne-Yauza wetland complex with an area of ​​about 1000 hectares.
The climate of the region is temperate continental. The coldest month is January (average temperature is -10ºС), the warmest is July (average temperature is +19.5ºС).

Diversity of flora and fauna
Forests occupy about 80% of the area of ​​the national park. These are birch forests, coniferous, broad-leaved forests.
The flora is dominated by forest species, a relatively large number of weedy, alien species is characteristic, because the park is surrounded by settlements, highways and agricultural land.
The park is quite widely represented by rare species of herbaceous plants that are subject to protection on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region. Here you can find common wolfberry, lily-of-the-valley, European bathing suit, nettle-leaved bell, two-leaved lyubka, annual moss.
An exceptionally interesting object of the park is Alekseevskaya grove, on the territory of which the reserved regime was preserved for a long time. This is a unique piece of forest almost 250 years old, the main forest-forming species of which is pine.
The fauna of the park is very diverse. In the last 15 years, thanks to the restoration of a large wetland complex in the upper reaches of the Yauza River and the allocation of a significant protected area, a very interesting ornithocomplex of near-water and meadow birds has formed here, and spawning grounds have appeared.
Sika deer, elk, wild boars, mink, squirrel live or appear during migration in the forest area, surrounded on all sides by cities with a population of many millions, muskrats build their huts, and beavers build dams.
13 species of diurnal birds of prey and owls nest in the park, including the Falcon and Lesser Spotted Eagle, which are rare in the Moscow Region. Of the fish, the most common are pike, crucian carp, perch, roach, bream, burbot.

Cultural heritage
The long history of the development of the region and the proximity to the "white stone" explain the large number of cultural monuments in the park. During archaeological excavations, Vyatichi burial mounds (XI-XII centuries), ancient settlements were discovered. During excavations in the Alekseevskaya grove, the remains of a palace building of the late 17th century were found.
The history of the Mytishchi pumping station is closely connected with the construction of the first gravity water pipeline in Russia during the time of Catherine II. Once in these parts there was a chapel on the famous Thunder Spring, the most abundant source of water for the capital city. And the Belokamennaya station on the First Moscow District Railway is a rare monument of industrial architecture.

What to watch
The Losiny Ostrov National Park preserves not only the forests that once surrounded the Kremlin, but also the history of the rural way of life of our ancestors. In the museum "Russian Life", located in the estate of the Losinoostrovsky forestry, you will see both archaeological finds of the origins of the Slavs, and everyday items of the 19th-20th centuries. In winter, after a walk in the forest, in the hut you can warm yourself by the stove, drink hot fragrant tea. On hot days, the house provides coolness. From here you can organize horse rides in the park: in summer in a tarantass, in winter - in a sleigh with bells.
The ecological trails of Losiny Ostrov are one of the possibilities for combining recreation with learning about the nature and history of the Moscow outskirts. The most visited route is the trail "Such a familiar forest". You can walk along it both independently and accompanied by a guide. Dense thickets of fir trees create the feeling of a fabulous dense forest and it's hard to believe that you are within the boundaries of Moscow, 2 km from the Yaroslavl Highway and only 15 km from the Kremlin.

According to oopt.info and zapoved.ru

Losiny Ostrov National Park is located in the city of Moscow and the Moscow region. Losiny Ostrov consists of two forest parks - Yauzsky and Losinoostrovsky - within the capital and four forest parks located on the territory of the Moscow Region.

Works on sowing pine trees have been carried out on the territory of Losinoostrovsky Park for more than 115 years, since then this amazing place has turned into a real coniferous forest.

The idea of ​​creating a national park in this area was proposed more than a century ago, however, the park itself was created only in 1983. Losiny Island included protected hunting grounds that once belonged to the last of the Romanovs.

This is one of the first national parks in our country and the largest forest area within the capital of Russia.

Flora and fauna of the Losinoostrovsky National Park

A large area of ​​the national park is occupied by vast coniferous forests, birch forests, broad-leaved forests, meadows and swamps. This pristine nature in its natural state in the recreational area of ​​the park is complemented by tree plantations, meadows and ponds. The most unique object on the territory of Losiny Island is Alekseevskaya Grove. It is a section of the forest, in which most of the coniferous trees are about 250 years old. On the territory of Alekseevskaya grove there is a historical and archaeological complex called "Royal Hunt".

The fauna of this reserved corner of nature is also amazing. Rare animals live here: moose, spotted deer, beavers and many others. Birds nesting on the territory of Losiny Island are considered to be among the rarest in the Moscow region.

Attractions

The national park is not only protected forests and recreation areas. This place keeps a piece of Russian rural life. The picturesque old estate houses the Russian Life Museum, which presents archaeological finds and household items of people who lived in the 19th-20th centuries. The exhibits of the Museum "Royal Hunt" acquaint visitors of the historical complex with the life and features of various types of Russian hunting: canine, falcon, etc.

To make the study of the nature of Losiny Island more interesting and exciting, several excursion routes have been laid through the park, following which you will solve all the mysteries of the local nature, as well as learn the history of Muscovy. The most popular route among others is the “Such a familiar forest” trail. A dense spruce forest creates an atmosphere of a dense fairy-tale forest and it is impossible to believe that civilization is in full swing very close by. After all, it is only two kilometers from here to the busy Moscow highway (Yaroslavskoe highway).

Moose are the main attraction of the national park.

The moose biostation is located next to the hunter site of the Losiny Ostrov. Here you can meet the living

Moscow, you can often hear a lot of enthusiastic stories. Indeed, sometimes it is striking that among the metropolis there are still islands of greenery, comfort and tranquility. This is very important for the population of large cities, because you still need to rest from the hustle and bustle. Of particular interest is the National Biostation, which is located in the park, also deserves special attention.

A little about the park itself

Elk Island is widely known in Russia. Its area is truly vast (about 116 sq. km), it is located on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region. The park consists of forests, ponds and swamps.

Of course, most of the territory is occupied by forests, only 7% of the territory is allocated to water bodies and swamps. The park can be conditionally divided into 3 parts:

• area under special protection;
• walking area and places for sports (mostly special routes are laid here, that is, visits are limited);
• recreation area, which can be freely visited.

It is interesting that such a large territory consists of several smaller Shchelkovsky, Alekseevsky and Losinopogonny. Within the boundaries of Moscow - Yauzsky and Losinoostrovsky.

Many people visit the Elk Island National Park. The biostation, located here, especially attracts visitors.

History of the park

Now it is worth talking a little about how this unique natural area was created, as well as highlighting the main events in its history. The very first mention of this place dates back to 1406. Initially, the lands were used as hunting grounds for Russian tsars and princes. An interesting fact is known that it was in this area that Tsar Ivan the Terrible hunted bears. For many years there was a protected regime.

After quite a long time, the first forestry was organized in this place. It was founded in 1842. The forestry carried out the ordering of the forest and its improvement. Approximately from the same time, one might say, the man-made creation of the forest began. A large number of pines were planted, such plantings have been going on for more than 100 years, many trees have survived to this day.

Biological station in Losiny Ostrov park: an overview

As you know, on the territory of a huge national park there is a very unusual object - an elk biological station. The status of a national park implies not only environmental and scientific, but also environmental education activities. As part of all these areas, it was decided to open the Moose Biological Station. Now it’s worth figuring out what kind of project was created on the territory of the Losiny Ostrov park.

The biostation is a special area where moose are kept. The purpose of organizing such a territory is to rescue lost moose calves, provide them with assistance and feed, as well as dilute the local population with individuals brought from other places.

The moose biostation in the Losiny Ostrov National Park can already boast of many achievements. To enrich the animal population, three elk calves were brought here from the Kostroma elk farm. Here they were carefully looked after, raised, and after a while they were released into the wild. In order not to lose the moose, they put on special collars, with which it was possible to track their movements. Every year the animals brought offspring. This practice is carried out here periodically.

Why is it worth visiting this place?

Many people tend to visit Losiny Ostrov National Park. The biostation is no exception; there are always visitors here. Here you can see really unusual things. It is especially interesting to look at the process of interaction and communication between animals. They make unusual sounds, this is really rare to hear anywhere. Workers of the biostation learned how to reproduce similar sound effects, because it is very important when in contact with animals.

Such a trip will be especially informative for children. Looking at animals up close will be really interesting for the younger generation, this will arouse interest in the study of biology.

How to get there: several ways to get there

So, you should definitely go to such a wonderful place as a biostation (Elk Island). How to get to the park? This question arises for many. It can be reached both by car and by several types of public transport.

The first option is by any bus going to the region (from You need to get to the first stop after the Moscow Ring Road before turning to the village of Druzhba. Then you need to go to the forest, then turn left (you will see a checkpoint with a barrier), then go straight when the road begins to diverge - keep to the left.

The second option - from the railway station "Los" bus number 547, or from the station "Perlovskaya" - bus or minibus number 3, they reach the final stop near the forest.

The third option is by private car along the Yaroslavl highway before turning to the village of Druzhba.

Moscow Natural Losiny Ostrov National Park photo which can be seen on the web, is the only reserve located inside the metropolis. The distance from the park area to the Kremlin is only eight kilometers. Previously, these lands were considered part of the palace Taininskaya volost, where Ivan the Terrible himself organized hunting. The park got its name when Alexei Mikhailovich began to reign, setting his hounds to chase moose. The beginning of the eighteenth century was the time when the forest guard was organized here. The swampy area was drained, large areas of forest were cut down, and roads were actively built.

Shortly before the start of the revolution Reserve Losiny Ostrov photo which amaze with its beauty, only had to become a park. However, these plans were not destined to come true then, since the World War began. The Moscow government assigned the status of a park to these territories only in 1983. Not far from the residential buildings of the million-plus city, the diverse natural nature of Central Russia has been preserved. The sources of the Yauza River with its floodplains and lakes are surrounded by upland bogs and meadows with birch groves, coniferous and broad-leaved forests. A variety of representatives of the fauna live here, rare, almost extinct plants are found. A relatively small area unites all the landscapes that belong to the central latitudes of Russia, that is, flat plains, moraine gently sloping hilly elevations, crevices of small rivers, swampy lowlands, sandy plains with swamps, taiga zones, birch forests, various types of swamps, swampy meadows, and so on.

The park area is characterized by a mosaic contrasting placement of distinctive biotypes. That is why by photo of Losiny Ostrov park it can be seen that it is visually significantly different from any suburban forest massif precisely by the naturalness of its landscapes.

The area of ​​this nature protection zone is 128 km 2, 30 km 2 of which are located within Moscow. The territory is diverse, so two percent of it is occupied by water bodies, 5% by swampy areas, 83% by various forests. The national park area is divided into three categories of land:

1. The territory closed to the public is considered to be specially protected. The authorities preserve the natural appearance of natural complexes where birds nest, and various species of large mammals live.
2. The territory with open access can be visited by tourists as part of educational and excursion groups along specially prepared ecological routes.
3. The recreational area is used for mass visits and recreation.

A unique object of untouched nature is located in the north-east of the capital. If we consider Elk Island park map, you can see that its northern, southern and western borders are closely adjacent to densely populated Moscow quarters, industrial zones. Near the lands of the park there are railway lines and highways. The territory of the park is divided into two parts by the Moscow Ring Road.

Protected objects

Among all the valuable objects of the national park, there are several main ones. Most of them are in private access, that is, they are not available to visitors. This is done in order to preserve the virgin purity and integrity of the local ecological systems. Got under protection:

1. Alekseevskaya grove, on the territory of which grows a pine forest aged 160 - 220 years. The height of the pines reaches forty meters, and the diameter is eighty centimeters. This natural monument is of regional importance.
2. The pine mane looks like a natural forest. The territories are occupied by a 150-year-old pine forest belonging to the culture of 1865.
3. Mytishchi floodplains are a complex system of reed swamps and shallow waters. The area is considered a favorite area for nesting of near-water and waterfowl, for temporary stopping of large flocks.
4. The raised bog is considered the only part of the park where rare species of lichens grow, as well as other typical oligotrophic flora. Every year, special botanical monitoring is carried out here, as well as numerous paleobotanical studies.
5. A transitional swamp with numerous orchids is considered a place where the digitorhiza grows en masse. The zone is one of the most vulnerable ecosystems.

local variety Animals of Elk Island occupy different areas. The faunal complex includes three territorial components. The taiga species include the three-toed woodpecker, elk, white hare, bank vole, and so on. Oriole, green woodpecker, wood mouse, marten, and others are found here from representatives of species of southern European forests. There are also steppe and forest-steppe types of fauna, including baby mouse, gray partridge, corncrake and kestrel. In total, 44 species of mammals, 170 species of birds, 9 species of amphibians, 5 species of reptiles, as well as 19 types of fish and more than 500 invertebrates live on the territory of the national protected area. Of the fish here you can find carp, pike, bream, roach, perch.

Anthropogenic factors have the strongest impact on the inhabitants of the park. Under their pressure, species of fauna that have been characteristic of the Moscow region over the past hundred years have partially disappeared, for example, lynx, black stork, capercaillie, eagle owl.

On presented pictures of elk Island It is also seen that several varieties of animals have been acclimatized by man. Among them are the raccoon dog, the sika deer and the American mink. Of the river inhabitants, it is worth highlighting the river beaver, which occupies territories downstream of the Yauza. Representatives of protected species listed in the Red Book of Russia also live here. These include the European woodpecker, short-toed eagle, black-throated diver, eagle owl, peregrine falcon, golden eagle, spotted eagle, white-tailed eagle and black stork.

Recreational area of ​​the park

The recreational part of the park is always open to visitors. The largest influx of vacationers was seen close to residential areas. Even in the middle of forests there are playgrounds equipped for recreation, where benches or gazebos are installed, children's play areas with sports grounds. In addition, sports equipment can be rented in the park. Many kilometers of trails are attractive for cyclists, which are also ideal for joggers and rollerbladers. The territory of the national natural heritage is a great place for walking.

It is here that you can find such a dense forest, about which the writers told in their fairy tales.

Not only wild inhabitants of Elk Island meet visitors. There is also a stable on the territory of the park, where horseback riding enthusiasts take horseback rides. If you stock up on nuts, you can feed squirrels from your hand. With the onset of winter, guests of the park change their shoes into skis, you can ride on skates on the ice of a frozen reservoir. It is also worth noting that the rangers of the reserve carefully monitor compliance with sanitary standards. The territory is regularly cleared of all kinds of garbage, dump sites, and the consequences of illegal picnics. Maximum attention is paid to areas where there is a high concentration of visitors, that is, around playgrounds, along popular walking routes, and so on. The forestry of the park also contains a cultural and educational center called "Russian Life", where all kinds of expositions are on display that tell about the life of the Slavs in the 19th - 20th centuries.

Before how to get to Elk Island, you need to know that there are several path options. The visitor can walk to the reserve on foot from the nearest metro stations "Babushkinskaya" or "Medvedkovo". It is also not far to walk from the railway platform of the Yaroslavl direction "Los". If you use ground public transport, it is best to take bus number 136 or number 172, departing from the stop "m. Podbelsky Street.