Yacht equipment. Yacht classes

Surely, many do not fully understand the meaning of the word yacht, and one hundred percent, most people have not even seen a vessel of this type in real life, not to mention a walk on it. The word yacht appeared in the 17th century, however, it came from the pro-German concept "jachtschip", which means "vessel for pursuit." At a later time and to the present day, a yacht means a sailing, motor or sail-motor vessel for long-distance travel, sports or boat trips. The first sailing boats appeared among the Egyptians in the 4th century BC; information about this is stored on plates with images of floating structures with one mast and a straight sail. Since those times immemorial, the design and appearance of a sailing vessel has undergone dramatic changes, and today the modern yacht has become the crowning achievement of a technological breakthrough in the use of materials for the manufacture of spacecraft parts.

Yacht types:

• Sailing yachts (keelboats, dinghies and compromises).
• Motor yachts are comfortable boats, great for short trips and anchorage. But due to the lack of a false keel, moving in strong winds and big waves becomes extremely difficult, causing discomfort to passengers.
• Racing yachts are sea race cars designed for high-speed short passages or regattas in narrow and closed water areas. Usually such boats do not have cabins and a large list of electronic devices and navigation aids.
• Cruising yachts - ships are oriented for long sea passages with a wide range of equipment and safety equipment.
• Single-hull, double-hull, triple-hull catamarans and trimarans.

Yacht design

Initially, a yacht is a boat designed for sailing in open waters (oceans and seas). Their design allows the vessel to move in an unrestricted area, away from the coast with heavy winds reaching 30 meters per second at low air or water temperatures, and waves up to 7 meters high. In addition to such difficult sailing conditions, the ship must navigate autonomously and also be able to navigate the consequences of accidents without hope of rescue. Yachts of this category have:

1. Heavy ballast keel with a submergence of at least 1.8 meters.
2. The length at the waterline must not be less than 42 feet (14 meters).
3. Electronic equipment and navigation:

• An echo sounder is a sonar aimed at a narrow section of the bottom in order to obtain a digitized image of the landscape, the distance from the bottom of the vessel to the seabed. The echo sounder is a great helper for finding fish;
• LAG - a navigational device that measures the speed of the vessel and the distance traveled. With this device, you can easily find out the drift correction if the GPS is out of order;
• GPS - stands for Global Satellite System for fast and accurate positioning of a vessel in space;
• A radar is a bearing-finding device that uses high-frequency waves to see underwater, sea, and air targets, as well as coastal objects. The sensitivity of the device is very high. With the help of radar, you can see small objects in the form of navigation buoys. The device allows you to control the vessel in conditions of zero visibility;
• autopilot - a complex of electronic-mechanical devices with software that allows you to autonomously follow a given trajectory;
• maritime radio station;
• stationary engine;
• drogue.

1. Steering is carried out with the help of a rudder blade, which drives the steering wheel or tiller.

In addition to category A and B yachts plowing the ocean, there are boats designed for coastal navigation and closed water areas (rivers, lakes). Due to the rapid development of navigation, sea sports and the growing number of wealthy citizens, these types of yachts (belonging to categories C and D) have gained great popularity. Their main differences from categories A and B in the keel block. Instead of a heavy and long keel, which gives good stability, a centerboard is used in the design of yachts of this class. It looks like a short fin without a load. In some cases, with the possibility of cleaning it into a special niche located in the bottom of the case. Otherwise, their design practically does not differ from boats of a higher class. The equipment of ships for coastal navigation and movement in closed water areas may be limited to such instruments and aids to navigation as:

• PAH;
• echo sounder;
• navigation lights;
• maritime radio station;
• outboard engine.

Sailing equipment of the yacht

Modern sailing yachts can be built according to many schemes, but the Bermuda sloop is considered the most popular today. The sail of this type of yacht from a distance resembles a shark's tooth. The sails of the "Bermuda sloop" are attached to the mast on halyards and are controlled by sheets.

The yacht has one mast and a whole set of sails:

• mainsail - the main sail with a large area. Trisel - storm grotto;
• staysail - auxiliary to the mainsail, the second main sail for moving at full courses and moving the vessel in strong wind. In the arsenal of a modern sailing yacht there is a storm staysail. The sail has a small area and is made of durable material;
• spinnaker - a racing sail of a large area made of light material;
• gennaker - a racing sail resembling a parachute with a large area;
• genoa is the largest sail on the foredeck of a yacht. With a good backstay, it can give the best speed to the yacht.

Inside the yacht

The interior space of most boats, with the exception of racing boats, has at least one cabin with four berths. The yacht, designed for long sea passages, has a high level of comfort for the crew and passengers. The vessel has a comfortable latrine with an electric pump and a shower. A galley where a cook can cook any culinary masterpiece. Spacious, comfortable wardroom where the crew will spend time between shifts. The yacht can have several sleeping cabins, each of them can accommodate from two to six people.

Life on a cruise yacht is no different from home. Modern yachts can be equipped with seawater desalters, satellite TV, sound systems and even an entire cinema. In bathrooms, sometimes not simple bathtubs are installed, but a jacuzzi for two. The cabins have full double beds. In a word, staying on a yacht will be no less comfortable than staying in a luxury hotel room.

Motor yachts

Motor yachts are an excellent choice for those whose ambition ends with short passages or movements in closed water areas. This boat is easy to manage. But when purchasing a yacht of this type, you need to understand that serious travel is out of the question, because of the design features. The first drawback will be high fuel consumption, with many instances running on gasoline. This type of fuel makes the engine highly revving, which allows you to achieve good cruising speed, acceleration, makes it possible to plan and maneuver when parking. But these advantages are relative, since fuel consumption on such vessels is at least forty liters per hour. Another serious drawback is the lack of a false keel. This makes the boat less stable and unable to move in heavy seas. In addition, with large waves, the crew experiences the heaviest roll. Rolling is less noticeable on keel yachts.

Yachting is gaining popularity every year in the CIS countries. In recent years, new celebrities have begun to appear in yachting circles. Increasingly, new personalities appear on the Internet who have traveled around the world. And these tourists are the most ordinary people, they are far from professionals, members of expeditions. Now couples with children, and even pensioners, make round-the-world trips. On the Internet you can find many blogs about life on a yacht. This marine life is chosen by many residents of the United States. In their opinion, living on a yacht is cheaper than living on land. Especially if the ship is at dead anchor, because there is no need to pay for such parking. In addition, each cruising yacht is a self-contained house afloat.

One of the most noteworthy travelers was the crew of the Yuri Gagarin yacht. Travelers themselves call themselves office clerks, and as they say about themselves, they are amateurs in yachting, however, since 2013 they have managed to go around most of the globe. But in the history of navigation there are people who managed to circumnavigate the entire globe alone. One of these enthusiastic travelers was Sergei Morozov. On his 30-foot Dreammaker yacht, bought for just $1,000, he managed to go around the world in a few years. He captured his exciting journey in a video that can be found on his youtube channel. And of course, it is worth mentioning Lenny Rossolovski, who created a video blog where he shares his experience of life under sail.

How much does life on a yacht cost?

For the unenlightened and inexperienced in yachting people, buying a yacht is comparable to buying luxury real estate, a small county or the latest supercar. But, like everything in this life, the price of a yacht is a relative thing. Yes, of course, there is no limit to perfection, and a sixty-foot yacht costs no less than housing in the center of Moscow. But a person who knows what he needs from a trip can easily reduce the amount with six zeros to thirty thousand dollars. For this relatively little money, you get real freedom, as well as a fifteen-meter sailboat with a B classification. Such a used yacht will allow you to confidently surf the sea and make exciting, adventurous transoceanic passages, circumnavigation. Becoming the owner of such a sailboat, you get:

• a spacious wardroom with a galley, a navigator's station, a comfortable corner sofa and a spacious table;
• a twenty-meter mast, with the possibility of installing at least three sails;
• at least a two-meter ballast false keel, providing excellent boat stability;
• from six berths and several cabins;
• latrine and shower;
• stationary diesel engine and steering wheel control;
• a spacious cockpit covered with a sprayhood and an awning, protecting the helmsman and clews from the sun, wind and water;
• serious navigational electronic equipment and even an autopilot;
• automatic winding of the staysail and mainsail, which greatly simplifies the work with sails and maneuvering the yacht. These auxiliary mechanisms make it possible to manage the yacht alone;
• solar power panel or small wind generator. In tandem, these power sources will allow you to use electrical appliances around the clock;
• tank for two hundred liters of fresh water and eighty liters for diesel fuel;
• the comfort of such a yacht will provide: refrigerator, LCD TV, gas stove, audio tape recorder.

Despite the impressive list of options and installed equipment, sailboat tuning has no limits. If you add a watermaker to the power supply, such a vessel will become a real autonomous home for a small crew.

If you do not have enough financial resources to buy a yacht or you simply have nowhere to put it, and the desire to surf the sea is great - a great option to fulfill your dream. The cost of renting a yacht is much lower than buying it, and you do not have to think about its maintenance, mooring and taxes.

How much does it cost to rent a yacht?

Yacht charter in Sochi is a common and popular service. Many ship owners rent their yachts daily and hourly. The cost of providing such a service varies greatly and ranges from 4,500 to 70,000 rubles per hour. This takes into account the class, capacity, dimensions, finishing of the yacht and additional services, as well as the rental period. It will be cheaper to book a yacht online - in this case, we guarantee the best price and a pleasant surprise: a compliment from the captain.

How much does a trip on a small yacht cost?

Each person has their own way of life and their own needs. Someone is used to having dinner in restaurants, while someone will be satisfied with a modest dinner on the high seas. It can be just navy pasta and hot tea. The travel budget can be reduced by increasing the distance traveled under sail. Good budget savings will be exciting. A brazier installed in the cockpit will help diversify the kitchen. Based on information from the crew of Mamushka, the 1.5-year expenses of four crew members were less than $16,000. It turns out that an unforgettable trip with a visit to many amazing, picturesque places, without leaving comfortable apartments, will cost $ 200 per person per month. This is an insignificant amount for an exciting adventure full of romance and drive, and for someone - a dream of a lifetime!

YACHT
Meaning:

(English). A small vessel used for recreational sea trips.

(Source: "Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language." Chudinov A.N., 1910)

(English) a small vessel used for entertainment. sea ​​trips.

(Source: "Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language." Pavlenkov F., 1907)

English yacht, head. jakt, Danish jagt, from him. jagen, drive, hunt. Single-deck cruiser.

(Source: "Explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots." Mikhelson A.D., 1865)

a small sailing ship for sailing on the sea.

(Source: "The Complete Dictionary of Foreign Words Used in the Russian Language". Popov M., 1907)

Meaning:

(from Dutch jacht), a sailing, motor-sailing or motor vessel for water sports and pleasure trips. Sports sailing yachts are distinguished by the design of the hull, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sails, the presence of a keel or centerboard. Marine yachts are made with permanent ballast keels.

S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language

yacht

Meaning:

YACHTA, -s, w.

1. Large and light sports sailboat. Olympic yachts(certain types of dinghies, keel yachts, catamarans).

2. A small boat for walking, sports. Motor me.

| adj. yacht, -th, -th and yacht, th, th. Yacht keel. yacht club(yacht Club).

(cruising)

by drive: sailing, sail-motor and motor

seaworthiness: maritime and yachts for inland waters(rivers, lakes)

case type: classic single-hull(English) Monohull), catamarans and trimarans

The first mention of sports sailing yachts dates back to the 17th century. Almost all modern sailing yachts designed for tourism have an auxiliary motor (outboard motor) for maneuvering in port or moving at low speed in the absence of wind. Sailing yachts that do not have a motor are most often designed for sports.

Sailing yachts

Greeks, Egyptians and Phoenicians fight for superiority in creation of sailing yachts. Historians claim the appearance of the first sailing ships more than 10 thousand years ago in the waters of the Aegean Sea. Sailing yachts are vessels that use aero and hydrodynamics and are driven by the force of the wind blowing into the sails. Modern sailing yachts are often equipped with a motor.

The hulls of the first sailing yachts were made of wood. The modern list of materials is very large. The hulls of sailing yachts are made of steel, aluminum, reinforced cement and fiberglass and other materials.

The number of sails on sailing yachts can be different and depends on the purpose of the yacht used. Racing yachts are usually equipped with a large number of sails, on cruising yachts, the number of sails is minimal for ease of management. The largest sailing ships in the world - Kruzenshtern and Sedov - have 34 sails each. Conventionally, sails can be divided into four types: main, front, additional and storm.

According to their purpose, sailing yachts are divided into cruising, having comfortable cabins and designed for long-distance hiking trips; racing, having only a cockpit for the crew and not having cabins, intended for short races; as well as racing cruising, with uncomfortable cabins designed for multi-day races. According to the principle of ensuring stability, yachts are divided into keel yachts, in which the bottom goes into a ballast keel (more precisely, a false keel), which shifts the center of gravity down and prevents the yacht from drifting (drifting) when sailing; dinghies, having a centerboard (retractable keel), which only prevents demolition, and the center of gravity is changed by placing the crew on the sides of the yacht; and compromises having a ballast false keel and a retractable centerboard. There are also designs with two keels, which allow you to keep the yacht upright at low tide in shallow water. Another principle of stability is used on catamarans and trimarans. On catamarans, stability is provided by two widely spaced hulls, on trimarans - by two floats spaced on both sides of the vessel. There are yachts with more than three hulls.

The main parts of the yacht are considered to be the hull and sailing equipment. Sailing rigging can be single-masted (sloop) and multi-masted (such as schooner, yol and ketch). Sailing weapons are divided into spars, standing and running rigging.

A popular type of recreation on sailing yachts are regattas.

Leading producing countries

Motor yachts

Famous yachts

see also

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Notes

Literature

• Lovyagin R. M.,.// Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
• Der Brockhaus in 3 Banden. - Prockhaus Enzyklopädie, Bd. 2., 2004, S.259.

Types of sailing ships The Ancient East Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Mediterranean Sea Northern Europe Near East New World Far East battle line Auxiliary Sailing and rowing Merchant and cargo ships Commercial Sailing Sailing and steam Commercial Yachts and others

An excerpt characterizing the Yacht

Having entered the gate of a large house, where there was a lodge, and passing along a dark staircase, they entered a lighted, small hallway, where, without the help of servants, they took off their fur coats. From the hallway they went into another room. A man in strange attire appeared at the door. Villarsky, going out to meet him, said something quietly to him in French and went up to a small closet, in which Pierre noticed robes he had never seen before. Taking a handkerchief from the closet, Villarsky put it over Pierre's eyes and tied it in a knot at the back, painfully trapping his hair in a knot. Then he bent him to him, kissed him, and, taking him by the hand, led him somewhere. Pierre was in pain from the knotted hair, he grimaced in pain and smiled in shame at something. His huge figure, with lowered hands, with a shriveled and smiling face, followed Willarsky with unsteady, timid steps.
After leading him ten paces, Villarsky stopped.
“Whatever happens to you,” he said, “you must endure everything with courage if you are determined to join our brotherhood. (Pierre answered in the affirmative by inclining his head.) When you hear a knock at the door, you will untie your eyes, added Villarsky; I wish you courage and success. And, shaking hands with Pierre, Villarsky went out.
Left alone, Pierre continued to smile the same way. Once or twice he shrugged his shoulders, put his hand up to the handkerchief, as if wishing to take it off, and lowered it again. The five minutes he spent with his eyes tied seemed like an hour to him. His hands were swollen, his legs gave way; he seemed to be tired. He experienced the most complex and varied feelings. He was both afraid of what would happen to him, and even more afraid of how he would not show fear. He was curious to know what would become of him, what would be revealed to him; but most of all he was glad that the moment had come when he would finally embark on that path of renewal and an actively virtuous life, which he had been dreaming of since his meeting with Osip Alekseevich. Strong knocks were heard at the door. Pierre took off his bandage and looked around him. The room was black and dark: only in one place a lamp was burning, in something white. Pierre came closer and saw that the lamp stood on a black table, on which lay one open book. The book was the gospel; that white, in which the lamp burned, was a human skull with its holes and teeth. After reading the first words of the Gospel: “In the beginning there was no word and the word went to God,” Pierre went around the table and saw a large open box filled with something. It was a coffin with bones. He was not at all surprised by what he saw. Hoping to enter into a completely new life, completely different from the old one, he expected everything extraordinary, even more extraordinary than what he saw. The skull, the coffin, the Gospel - it seemed to him that he expected all this, expected even more. Trying to arouse in himself a feeling of tenderness, he looked around him. “God, death, love, the brotherhood of man,” he said to himself, associating with these words vague but joyful ideas of something. The door opened and someone entered.
In the weak light, which, however, Pierre had already managed to get a closer look at, a short man entered. Apparently from the light, having entered the darkness, this man stopped; then, with cautious steps, he moved to the table and placed on it his small, leather-gloved hands.
This short man was dressed in a white leather apron that covered his chest and part of his legs, he was wearing something like a necklace around his neck, and a high, white frill protruded from behind the necklace, fringing his oblong face, illuminated from below.
- Why did you come here? - asked the newcomer, according to the rustle made by Pierre, turning in his direction. – Why do you, who do not believe in the truths of the light and do not see the light, why did you come here, what do you want from us? Wisdom, virtue, enlightenment?
At the moment the door opened and an unknown person entered, Pierre experienced a feeling of fear and reverence, similar to the one he experienced in confession as a child: he felt face to face with a completely alien in terms of living conditions and with a loved one, in the brotherhood of people, man. Pierre, with a breath-taking heartbeat, moved towards the rhetor (that was the name in Freemasonry of a brother who prepares a seeker to join the brotherhood). Pierre, coming closer, recognized in the rhetorician a familiar person, Smolyaninov, but it was insulting to him to think that the person who entered was a familiar person: the one who entered was only a brother and a virtuous mentor. Pierre could not utter a word for a long time, so the rhetor had to repeat his question.
“Yes, I ... I ... want updates,” Pierre said with difficulty.
“Good,” said Smolyaninov, and immediately continued: “Do you have any idea about the means by which our holy order will help you achieve your goal? ...” the rhetorician said calmly and quickly.
“I ... hope ... guidance ... help ... in renewal,” Pierre said with a trembling voice and with difficulty in speech, which comes from excitement and from being unaccustomed to speaking Russian about abstract subjects.

A yacht is a vessel designed for sports or tourism. There are many types of yachts. In the world of yachts, there are as many types and sizes as there are tastes and affections of people. After all, a yacht, being an object of entertainment, is often a symbol of a dream come true. And people very often dream and realize dreams in different ways.

Classifying yachts, first of all, they should be divided into motor and sailing yachts. These are yachts from different ideological camps, from different ideas about the dream. And although both are ultimately united by one element, the sea, each of them should be discussed separately. In this article we will pay attention to the classification of sailing yachts.

1. Purpose.

First of all, it is worth dividing sailing yachts according to their main feature, for which they are actually built. By appointment. Since yachts are intended for two main types of entertainment: travel and racing, yachts, as a first approximation, should be divided in this way. Yachts for travel and yachts for racing. Of course, you can travel and race on both of them, but we are talking about the destination laid down by the designer. So, first of all, we divide the yachts into:

• Yachts for travel

Fig1. Racing yacht "Archambault 35" and regular cruising yacht of the same length - 35 feet

Travel yachts have a strong, sometimes weighted construction. The task of the designer in this case is to provide comfort and reliability.

Racing yachts are designed to win races. Therefore, less attention is paid to the convenience of crew accommodation and strength reserve. The designers, counting on a higher qualification of the crews, reduce the weight of the yacht, increase the voltage in its nodes in order to achieve the maximum power-to-weight ratio. On the other hand, racing yachts are equipped with elements that expand the range of adjustments, settings, sails so that the yacht goes fast in the entire range of winds.

2. Distance from the shore

According to the ability of yachts to move away from the coast, yachts can be divided into those that are designed to sail near the coast, in the bay, and those that can make long autonomous voyages with a significant distance from ports of refuge. That is, yachts can be divided into:

• Pleasure
• coastal yachts
• and seaworthy, that is, cruising yachts.

Fig 2. Racing yachts: for coastal competitions and for racing on the high seas

• Pleasure yachts have a light construction, they do not have significant supplies of water and food for the crew, navigation equipment is designed for the crew to see and know the water area for walking.
• cruising yachts have a solid construction capable of carrying a supply of supplies (water, fuel, food, etc.). Windy rooms provide an opportunity to fully relax the team. Such yachts do not have restrictions on distance from the coast.
• Coastal yachts(day cruiser) has limited amenities and a small supply of supplies, allowing you to spend the day on a walk near the bay.

3. Number of buildings.

If the width of the hull creates stability, then why not widen it as much as possible? At one time, the designers thought about this and began to design wide cases. Such housings have a high initial straightening moment. However, they have a major drawback. Such a hull has a high frictional resistance against water and poor seaworthiness. To resolve this conflict, multihull yachts were created: catamarans (two hulls) trimarans (three hulls). Despite the fact that the coup of a multihull, unlike the coup of a keel yacht, is a fatal event, it is impossible to put it back on an “even keel” without outside help, they are very popular. The fact is that a number of constructive measures have reduced the risk of capsizing of some multi-hull yachts, such as cruising yachts, to almost zero.

Catamarans have two identical narrow long hulls, separated by such a distance as to provide greater stability. The resistance of such hulls is much less than the hulls of a conventional yacht, so a catamaran usually develops higher speeds in tailwinds than keel yachts. Cruising catamarans, on which they successfully make ocean voyages, can have a very high speed and stability.

Trimarans have three hulls: a middle hull (wider than that of catamarans, but much narrower than that of yachts) and two spaced and slightly raised side hulls, very narrow. The side hulls are essentially floats that provide stability. When heeling, the trimaran goes on the middle hull and one of the side hulls. Trimarans were once very popular as cruising yachts. However, currently the most widely used trimarans are trailer trimarans, that is, trimarans that can be transported on a trailer behind a passenger car. Thus, according to the number of hulls, sailing yachts are divided into:

• Single-hull
• Multihulls (catamarans and trimarans)

Figure 4. Monohull yacht, catamaran, trimaran.

4. Method for creating stability for monohull yachts

Sailing yachts use wind energy for propulsion. The wind transfers its energy to the yacht through the sails. Sails and sailing rigging in general are installed on the yacht, and under the influence of the wind (especially when it is directed to the side) tends to capsize the entire yacht. To create stability, that is, the ability of a yacht to resist capsizing, there are two main ways. First of all, with ballast, located as low as possible in the body or in a special fin (false keel). Secondly, with the help hull stability when the body itself, due to its characteristics, primarily width, creates a straightening, that is, a restoring moment.

The first way to create stability, that is, using ballast, is used by keel yachts. Thanks to the ballast, the design of the keel yacht has a very stable stability. These yachts are very reliable, because, for example, they "forgive" many mistakes of the crew and can adapt to various wind and wave conditions. This is a real "hit" in the world of sailing yachts. The double purpose of the false keel - the placement of ballast and the creation of a hydrodynamic force that prevents drift, make these yachts, nothing less than, unique inventions of mankind.

The second way to create stability, with the help of form stability, is used by yachts in which the hydrofoil is light, without ballast. Such a wing is called a daggerboard, and a yacht with such a wing is called a dinghy. Dingling dinghies have no ballast and can easily raise the daggerboard when approaching shallow water. They also actively use the weight of the crew itself. It is moved, depending on the wind conditions, to one place or another on a particular side of the yacht, or even taken overboard on special suspensions - trapezoids.

There is also an intermediate option. These are the so-called yachts - "compromises". These yachts have a so-called "heavy" centerboard. That is, the ballast in such a centerboard is involved in creating stability. Its weight, however, is not enough, since the weight of the centerboard must be such that the crew can lift it quickly enough, for example, when approaching the pier. To create the necessary stability, "compromises" can also use the weight of the crew or ballast installed in the fixed, lower parts of the hull. Thus, according to the method of creating stability, monohull yachts can be divided into:

• Keel
• Dinghy boats
• Compromises

Fig 3. Keel yacht, dinghy and compromise.

5. Body material.

Yachts can be made from a variety of materials. The most common materials: plastic, metal, wood. Each material has its own advantages and disadvantages. Wood is beautiful, wooden yachts are a real spiritual story of the owner and his crew. Metal yachts are considered one of the most durable. They are popular where conditions are most difficult, for example, where it is not uncommon to encounter ice on a walk. Plastic yachts are the most massive. Mainly due to low maintenance costs for their hulls. Also, plastic yachts can be recognized as the lightest in the case of industrial technologies.

6. Status.

By their purpose, or rather by their relationship between the yacht and the owner, sailing yachts are divided into charter yachts, that is, yachts intended for profit by the owner and private yachts, when the owner builds or acquires a yacht for his own use. Charter yachts usually have the maximum number of cabins that can be accommodated in a hull. Then the tenant will be able to invite more guests and reduce their yachting costs. A private yacht, as a rule, regardless of size, has no more than three cabins. One for the owner and a maximum of two for guests. The number of cabins for the crew, if the owner of the yacht intends to use one, is not limited.

7. Sailing equipment

Sailing weapons are very diverse. Designers are constantly improving it, using more and more new materials and technologies. Let's look at them very briefly.

Single mast yachts:

There are a huge number of types of sailing weapons using one mast, but only one of them, namely the Bermuda Sloop, absolutely dominates the world of single-mast yachts, moreover, perhaps even the whole world of yachts.

Bermuda sloop. This is a type of sailing rig when, with the help of an installed mast and standing rigging, two main sails can be set. The sail in front of the mast is called the staysail. There is a huge variety of staysails. They can have different shapes and sizes. The need to have a large number of staysails is due to the fact that they are poorly regulated, adjusted for use in various wind conditions.

In staysails, they are distinguished by the density of the material (the denser the material, the more severe conditions it is designed for) and by the size of the luff (edge) of the sail. There are staysails with a short luff that does not go beyond the mast and "Genoese" staysails, these are staysels that "go behind the mast. A second sail is attached to the mast with the luff. It is called the "mainsail". does not require a change when the wind parameters or the yacht's course change.

There is a Bermuda sloop with "top" and "fractional" weapons. Fractional armament is called such armament of a Bermuda sloop, when the front cable that unfastens the mast (“forestay” or simply “stay”) is attached to the very top (top) of the mast

Two-masted yachts:

Two-masted yachts are distinguished by a huge variety of sailing equipment. We present only a few of them.

- has a main forward mast ("Mastmast") and a much smaller aft mast ("Mizzen Mast"). Mizzen mast Yola does not create a pulling force, but only balances the yacht. This quality of the yol is in great demand in fresh weather, when the main sails are greatly reduced (“reefed”) or at anchorage, when the work of the sail standing on the mizzen-mast significantly reduces the load on the anchor.

- in comparison with the yol, it has a mizzen mast, commensurate with the mainsail in size. Thus, mizzen ketch is involved in creating traction. This type of rig is also very practical in clear weather. It is especially loved by yacht owners who are at an advanced age, when it is no longer enough to work with one huge mast and large sails. It is already easier for them to divide the total sail area of ​​the yacht into two similar masts. In addition, this option significantly increases the overall reliability of the yacht.

- this type of armament can be considered obsolete, since its mass use was once based on technologies that made it possible to unfasten the largest mast - the "mainsail", only in the widest part of the hull. In terms of aerodynamic efficiency, this is an illogical, one might even say wrong decision, since most of the sails on the largest mast, the main mast, start working in the wind shadow of the forward mast. The forward mast in this case is called the "fore mast". More or less armament of the "schooner" type is justified only in fair winds.

However, if you need to style the yacht antique, which is often quite justified, or equip it in some special way, then why not! Your romantic dreams - what is not a reason for embodiment in a sailing rig!

findings

So, we can classify sailing yachts according to a number of parameters:

1. Destination (racing, travel yachts)
2. Ability to move away from the coast (walking, cruising)
3. Number of buildings (single-hull, multi-hull)
4. Status (charter - private)
5. Housing material (plastic, wood, metal, reinforced cement)
6. Sailing rig (Bermuda sloop, yol, ketch, schooner, etc.)
7. And monohull yachts can be divided according to the method of creating a leveling moment (keel, dinghies, compromises). Considering that this is not a complete list, therefore, from the whole variety of yachts, you can always choose or design a yacht that most closely matches your request.



Yacht- any sailing, motor or motor-sail vessel intended for sports or tourist purposes. The most common are sailing yachts. A sailing yacht has two main parts: the hull and the rig. The hull accommodates the crew and supplies of the yacht. Armament is understood as sails and all devices for setting sails and controlling them.

Types of sailing yachts

In sailing, yachts of various types and sizes are used. Depending on the navigation conditions in a particular area, large or small yachts of one design or another are used.

There are two main criteria by which you can determine the type of yacht: destination and area of ​​navigation; hull design and armament.

According to the first feature, cruising and racing yachts are distinguished.

Main purpose racing yachts- sailing races over limited distances, so racing yachts are built as light as possible. For long-distance voyages, they are not strong enough and do not have amenities.

cruising yachts have a very solid construction and a maximum of household amenities. The main purpose is cruising and racing on the high seas with a large distance from the base.

Cruiser-racing yachts- the most common type of yachts, combines the properties of the above yachts.

By hull design.

Dinghy- This is one of the types of yachts. The dinghy has a shallow and relatively wide body. A slot is made in the middle of the hull, in which a flat (metal or wooden) retractable keel - centerboard is placed. When there is no need for additional lateral resistance (for example, with tailwinds) or when a shallow place is passed, the daggerboard can be raised and even completely removed into the daggerboard well. The stability of the dinghy (the ability of the ship to return to its original position on the water with the masts straight up, after reducing the impact of any force that caused the deviation) is much less than that of a keel yacht. Basically, the stability of the dinghy is ensured by the appropriate shape of the hull - flat and wide. A dinghy cannot capsize if not managed properly, so it is less safe when sailing in the sea and open water than a keelboat.

Case bottom keel yacht turns into a deep fin, which creates significant lateral resistance. To give greater stability, a cast-iron or lead weight, called a ballast keel or false keel, is attached to the bottom of this fin. Yachts of this type are designed for sailing on the seas and lakes with deep water and strong winds and waves. A keelboat is very stable and cannot capsize under normal conditions. It is difficult to sail on keel yachts along rivers and shallow lakes due to the large draft.

The intermediate type of yachts will combine the characteristics of the described vessels. So, to obtain increased stability with a small draft, ships are built with a centerboard passing inside the ballast keel. These vessels have less draft without a centerboard than keel yachts, but more than dinghies. These yachts are called compromises.

Sailing yachts can have not one, but two or even three hulls. Then they are called and .

Yachts also differ in size and class.

• Yachts up to 30 feet (10 m) are designed for day trips over short distances.

• Yachts from 30 to 56 feet (10-18 m) are the most popular and democratic class of yachts. Such yachts allow you to travel long distances and go out into the open sea without creating extreme situations.

• Yachts from 56 to 70 feet (18-24 meters) usually need a crew to maintain them.

• Yachts over 70 feet (24 meters) are called V.I.P. megayachts. They are usually built on an individual project or are representatives of a limited series.

In addition to such a general classification, there is also a sports classification of yachts, which determines their division into classes. The sports classification of yachts is necessary to create equal conditions for sports competition in racing. Within each class, as far as possible, equal chances of winning the competition (to the extent that these chances are determined by the boat itself) are ensured.

Frame

Keel yacht and its parts:

1 - nasal overhang; 2 - fin and false keel; 3 - hold; 4 - rudder feather; 5 - aft overhang; 6 - valance; 7 - transom; 8 - yut; 9 - cockpit; 10 - felling; 11 - entrance hatch; 12 - cabin; 13 - deck; 14 - light (skylight) hatch; 15 - railing; 16 - bow and stern railings; 17 - anchor device (anchor, chain, biteng, deck closure); 18 - tank; 19 - cockpit; 20 - forepeak; 21 - compass.

Armament

The main parts of the yacht's armament are sails, spars and rigging.

Sail- the main propulsion of the yacht.

They are divided into three sets: main (or tacking), additional and storm sails. The yacht carries the main sails in normal voyages. The same sails determine the measured sail area of ​​the yacht. Racing requires special sails that increase the sail area in some situations that occur on the course (for example, with fair winds). Such sails are called additional. When sailing in stormy weather, tacking sails are replaced by smaller and more durable storm sails.

The totality of all wooden or metal parts of weapons that serve to fasten and carry sails is called spars.

Rigging- gear made of vegetable or steel cable - is divided into standing and running. Standing rigging is used to brace and maintain the spars in the working position, and running rigging is used for setting and cleaning sails and spars, controlling sails, and for raising and lowering signals.

Tourist Encyclopedia. 2014 .

Synonyms:

See what "Yacht" is in other dictionaries:

yacht- yacht, s ... Russian spelling dictionary

YACHT- (English). A small vessel used for recreational sea trips. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. YACHT (English) a small vessel used for entertainment. sea ​​trips. Vocabulary… … Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

YACHT- YACHT, yachts, for women (English yacht). 1. Large sailboat of light design for sports. Racing yachts. 2. A small (sailing, steam or motor) vessel for sea trips and sports. Deep draft steam yacht. Marine yacht. Explanatory ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

YACHT- (Yacht) it is not possible to accurately establish the meaning of this term, since Yachts call a wide variety of ships, ranging from a semi-deck boat to a large three-masted ship like Ya Sunbeam, which belonged to Brassey. In general ... ... Marine Dictionary

yacht- boer, tender, buer, dutchman, fal kbot, monotype, okayding, tornado, finn, dinghy, dinghy, cadet, dragon, soling Dictionary of Russian synonyms. yacht n., number of synonyms: 26 boats (2) ... Synonym dictionary

YACHT- (Dutch jacht, from jagen to drive, pursue), a sailing, motor or sailing motor vessel for walking, sports, tourism. The most common sailing yachts differ in hull design, equipment and sail area ... Modern Encyclopedia

YACHT- (from Dutch jacht) a sailing, sailing motor or motor vessel for water sports and walks. Sports sailing yachts are distinguished by the design of the hull, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sails, the presence of a keel or centerboard. Marine yachts are made with permanent ballast ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

YACHT- YACHT, s, wives. 1. Large and light sports sailboat. Olympic yachts (certain types of dinghies, keel yachts, catamarans). 2. A small boat for walking, sports. Motor me. | adj. yacht, oh, oh and yacht, oh, oh. Yacht keel. ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

YACHT- wives. amusing, seaworthy, small vessel. Yacht team. Yacht device. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dal. 1863 1866 ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary