Bombay India. Mumbai: the most populous city in the world

Mumbai, which the locals stubbornly continue to call Bombay, is the "Indian Manhattan", firmly merged with Indian Hollywood (Bollywood), where more films are produced annually than in any other city in the world. Initially, Mumbai was a conglomeration of 7 islands, which eventually united and turned into the largest city in India, which consists of the following areas:

• South Mumbai - Fort, Colaba, Malabar Hill, Nariman Point and Tardeo - the oldest area of ​​the city and the commercial center of the whole country. The richest people in India live here, and real estate costs more than in Manhattan. In addition, this is the most popular area for tourists, where most of the museums, galleries, bars and restaurants of the city are located.
• South Central Mumbai - formerly the industrial center of the city, now - a place of concentration of office buildings. Tourists here may be interested only in the zoo. A little to the north are the residential areas of the "middle class" of India.
• North Central Mumbai is the place where the Mumbai "middle peasants" and most of the immigrants live. Tourists have nothing to do here.
• Western Suburbs (western outskirts) - this place was also chosen by the local rich, who, however, prefer a more measured pace of life. There are several beaches, the city's most famous Christian church and two airports nearby.
• Central Suburbs - the area where the "middle class" Bombays live, is absolutely uninteresting to tourists.
• Harbor Suburbs - a former satellite of Bombay, now this area is an integral part of the city. It houses the Mumbai Atomic Research Centre.
• Northwest Mumbai - here are the cleanest beaches in the city, the Sanjay Gandhi National Park and ancient temples that date back to the 1st-5th century. n. AD: Kanheri, Mahakali, Jogeshwari and Mandapeshwar.

How to get there

Maps of Mumbai

By bus

MSRTC (Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation) flies from Bombay (Mumbai Central Terminus bus station) throughout the state of Maharashtra. In addition to MSRTC, you can find many private companies (National, Sharma, VRL, Konduskar, Dolphin, Paulo or Southern Travels) that send buses to Udaipur, Ahmedabad, Surat, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Goa and other cities in the country. Buses typically depart from Crawford Market, Dadar T.T, Sion, Chembur and Borivili.

Weather in Mumbai

Average monthly temperature, °C day and night

January

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April

• June

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  november

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There are three seasons in Mumbai: summer, monsoon and winter. The best time to visit is in winter, from November to February. Summer lasts from March to May, at this time the thermometer does not fall below +30 ° C. From June to September, the monsoon reigns in the city, which arranges daily water procedures for the city.

Day in Mumbai

Popular hotels in Mumbai

Mumbai beaches

There are several beaches in Bombay, one of them is even within the city, but this is not the best place for a beach holiday in India. The water and some beaches are dirty here, during the monsoon the current becomes very strong, and a two-piece swimsuit can be looked askance. And yet, good beaches can be found in the Northwest Mumbai area (Aksa Beach and the beaches on Manori Island), pretty Girgaon Chowpaty beach in South Mumbai, and Juhu beach on the western outskirts of the city (Western Suburbs).

Manori - a tiny island with beautiful beaches, which, however, is quite unsafe for swimming, is located on the territory of the Northwest Mumbai region. The beach located on the northern part of the island is cleaner. This is a great place for a picnic or a whole weekend, there are several hotels and good restaurants with fish dishes. You can get here by taxi or by bus to Marve, from where the ferry departs.

Guides in Mumbai

Entertainment and attractions in Mumbai

In Mumbai, it is worth visiting Elephanta Island (Elephant Island), famous for its caves with images of Shiva, and look into the Kala Goda area, where most of the city's galleries and museums are collected. Nearby is the Prince of Wales Museum with a very interesting collection of Gandhara art, Mughal miniatures, porcelain and weapons. Part of the mandatory program is the local fort with three of its famous buildings: the Supreme Court, the University and the grandiose Victoria Station, much more like a palace than a station. On Malabar Hill are the picturesque Hanging Gardens, the Temple of the God of Sand Walkeshwara, the Zoroastrian "Towers of Silence", the cult springs of Banganga Tank and the caves of Jogeshwari.

Among other things, Bombay has enough entertainment for the originals: you can rummage through the deposits of seductive rubbish for half a day at the Chor Bazaar flea market or go for shocking photo frames in Dhobi Ghat. It's a block made up entirely of small concrete bathtubs where thousands of washerwomen do their laundry at the same time. It must be said that they wash in an unusual way for a European: they lather and beat for hours on the sharp edge of a special stone, so that the clothes are washed to incredible cleanliness, but an ordinary shirt can withstand only a few such “washes”. Washerwomen leave a strong impression, but it is best to photograph them from the railway bridge: tourists are not favored here. Another interesting place is the largest Crawford Market in the city. In addition to its exceptionally wide assortment, it is also notable for the fact that at one time little Rudyard Kipling liked to walk within its walls, accompanied by a nanny.

Mumbai (until 1996 the city was called Bombay) is the economic and financial capital of India. Here is the main bank of the country - the Reserve Bank of India, the Bombay Stock Exchange, the headquarters of many large Indian companies (Tata Group, Relaence Industries Ltd, Mahindra and Mahindra), commercial banks, as well as representative offices of a large number of transnational corporations. Mumbai is a major hub for international communications. With a deep natural harbor, it is the largest port in western India. Mumbai is the center of the entertainment industry: most of India's television and satellite networks are located here, as well as the Indian "dream factory" Bollywood.

Attractions

Elephanta Island.

One of the main attractions of Western India. A small island located in the Bombay Bay (10 km from Mumbai) got its name from the stone figure of an elephant carved into the rock, which in 1864 was transported to Bombay.

There is a temple on the island, built between 450 and 750 BC. AD, dedicated to the god of the Indian pantheon Shiva. A long wide stone staircase (approximately 90 m) leads to the place where this temple, consisting of four caves, is located. In the main cave there is a relief image (about 6 m high) of the trinity of Indian gods: Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. The arch is supported by 42 massive columns, and the side walls are decorated with relief images of scenes from the myths about Shiva. The entrance to the temple is guarded by eight figures of mythical guardians carved from stone.

Other sculptural compositions of interest are Arddhanarisvar (where one side of Shiva's body is made as male and the other as female), the wedding scene of Shiva and Parvati, the dance of Shiva, shaking the world. Noteworthy is the sculpture of the demon Ravana, who is trying to destroy the abode of the gods, Mount Kailash.

Gateway of India.

They are located at the end of the street. Shivaji (national hero of the Marathas). This massive arch, which was officially opened in 1924, is located on the waterfront of the Mumbai bay. Designed by J. Whittet, it was built in honor of the visit of King George V to India in 19110. and symbolized the inviolability of British rule. It is notable for the fact that in 1947 British troops passed through it, leaving India after the country gained independence. Near the India Gate there is an equestrian statue of Shivaji, erected in 1960, as well as the building of the Royal Bombay Yacht Club, which was built in 1898 in the Gothic style.

Taj Mahal Hotel.

Located next to India Gate. The hotel building was built in 1903 by the famous industrialist J.N. Tata according to the project of W. Chambers. The hotel is also notable for the fact that it housed the first Russian diplomatic mission in India. Now it is one of the best five-star hotels in the city, where a large number of cultural and business events take place.

Museum. Chattrapati Shivaji.

The museum, also known as the Prince of Wales Museum, was built to commemorate the first visit to India in 1905 by King George V, who laid the foundation stone for the museum. In 1923 it was opened to the public. The building of the museum is made in the Indo-Moorish style. The exposition has three main sections: art, archeology and natural history. The basis of the collection was the funds of the Royal Asiatic Society. Subsequently, the museum's collection has been constantly replenished with works of art and historical values ​​donated by representatives of the financial and industrial elite of India. In particular, the Tata family made a great contribution to the development of the museum.

The gallery on the ground floor houses sculptures by local craftsmen and a rich collection of Indian birds. On the second floor, various art objects are presented, including paintings, dishes, weapons, etc. On the third floor, there is a wonderful collection of Indian miniatures.

The entire exposition occupies 18 halls on three floors and includes more than 6 thousand exhibits. Main halls: ancient and ancient history, Assyrian palace bas-reliefs, Indian sculpture, Indian bronze sculpture, Nepalese and Tibetan art, European painting, art of the peoples of the Far East.

Station them. Chhatrapati Shivaji.

Station them. Ch. Shivaji, previously known as the station. Queen Victoria, is considered one of the most beautiful Gothic buildings in the city. Completely built in 1888, it was originally designed by the English architect F. Stevens as the headquarters of the Hindustan Railway Company. Included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List.

Bombay University.

The university, which is one of the oldest universities in India, was founded by the British in 1857 (simultaneously with the Calcutta and Madras universities). Now it has 46 faculties, including the Russian language department, and unites 338 colleges. More than 380 thousand students study at the university and colleges.

In one of the university buildings there is a large hall with a round stained-glass window depicting the signs of the zodiac, as well as a university library with spiral steps and colorful galleries. The building is crowned by an 80-meter clock tower, reminiscent of London's Big Ben.

Jyotiba market of Mahatma Phule.

This is Mumbai's largest food market. Better known as the Crawford market, it was built in 1869 with the participation of the father of the famous English writer R. Kipling. It is believed that Kipling Sr. is the author of the bas-reliefs on the market building. On the opposite side of the street, in the depths of the garden, the Kipling house, where the writer spent his childhood, has been preserved.

Mumbai Stock Exchange.

The modern high-rise building of the exchange, also known as the Bombay Stock Exchange, is located on Dalal Street. The exchange was founded in 1875 as the Association of Stock Brokers and is the oldest exchange not only in India but also in Asia.

Fountain of Flora.

This fountain is located at the intersection of the most important streets in the southern part of the city on the site of the gates of the English fort that were previously located there. It was built in 1869 in honor of B. Frere, Governor of Bombay.

Asian Society Building.

This large white building with columns used to house the municipality. Then it was transferred to the Asiatic Society, and at present there is an extensive library there. Next to it is the building of the old mint, built in 1828, and not far from it is the old customs house (1720).

Afghan church.

The church was built in 1847 in memory of British military who died during the Sindh campaign of 1838 and the Afghan war of 1843

Cathedral of Saint Thomas.

Anglican Cathedral of St. Thomas at the intersection of St. Veer Nariman and Kovasji Patel is Mumbai's oldest English building.

Marine Drive.

This crescent-shaped promenade stretches along the entire Back Bay and is considered one of the best places for walking.

Chowpatty beach.

Located at the beginning of Marine Drive. This sandy beach is one of the city's favorite pastimes. He is also famous for having witnessed a number of events in Indian history. So, during the period of the struggle for independence, it was there that one of the largest anti-English speeches began. In 1920, a prominent leader of the national liberation movement, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, was cremated here, and his monument is erected on the beach.

Taraporeval Aquarium.

Built in 1961, the aquarium is located on Marine Drive and has a rich collection of freshwater and ocean fish and shells.

Hill of Malabar.

Some sections of this hill in one of the most famous areas of the southern part of the city offer a wonderful view of Mumbai. In addition, there are a number of attractions here, including the Hanging Gardens, famous for its collection of plants. Next to them, covered with dense foliage of trees, are the so-called. towers of silence, where the Parsis (immigrants from Persia, followers of Zoroastrianism) used to bury their dead. According to their religion, water, fire and earth are sacred and cannot be defiled by the bodies of the dead, so it is customary for the Parsis to give the corpses to be eaten by vultures, placing them on the tops of these towers. On the same street as the Hanging Gardens, there is one of the best parks in the city built in 1952 - the park named after. Kamala Nehru. In the southern part of the hill is the Raj Bhavan, the residence of the governor of Maharashtra.

Mahalakshmi Temple.

Located in the prestigious Breach Kandy area at the foot of Malabar Hill, this renowned temple is dedicated to the Hindu Goddess of Wealth, Mahalakshmi.

Mausoleum of Haji Ali.

It was built a few dozen meters from the shore at the site of the death of a Muslim saint named Haji Ali, in whose honor it was erected. It is connected to the shore by a long passage, which sometimes goes under water at high tide.

Siddhivinayaka Temple.

One of Mumbai's main Hindu temples is located in the Prabha Devi area. Dedicated to the god of the Hindu pantheon Ganesha, whose statue, made of black stone, is inside.

Mani bhavan.

In this house, located near August Kranti Square, from 1917 to 1934. was the headquarters of M. Gandhi in Bombay, where in 1931 and 1934. important meetings of the Working Committee of the Indian National Congress took place. It was here that on January 4, 1932, M. Gandhi was arrested by the British authorities.

The library located on the first floor of the museum contains more than 30 thousand volumes of works by M. Gandhi, books telling about his life, as well as studies on the philosophy of Gandhism by Indian and foreign authors. On the second floor there is an auditorium where visitors can watch films about M. Gandhi or listen to recordings of his speeches. The room on the third floor gives the museum guests a complete picture of the conditions in which M. Gandhi lived and worked, its furnishings and furniture are as close to the original as possible. The museum also has an exhibition of M. Gandhi sculptures and a small art gallery with a rich collection of photographs, letters, articles and documents, including manuscripts of M. Gandhi and his associates.

Caves of Kanheri.

Kanheri Caves are located 45 km from the historical center of Mumbai, in one of the most attractive corners of the National Park. S. Gandhi. These are 109 caves of various sizes, carved in stone in the period from the 1st century BC. BC e. by the ninth century n. e. From the point of view of the development of Buddhist culture, the history of the creation of caves can be divided into three stages: the first stage covers the end of the 1st-2nd centuries. BC, the second - IV-V centuries. AD and the third stage - IV-IX centuries. AD In their design, the Kanheri caves reflect two branches of Buddhism - "Hinayana" and "Mahayana".

The caves were used by Buddhist monks for housing, study, and as places for prayer and meditation. The high architectural level of the cave temples gives visitors a clear idea of ​​the existence in Kanheri of a highly organized settlement of Buddhist monks who had well-developed ties with many major trading centers in India. In the mid-70s, Indian scientists discovered evidence that the Kanheri cave monastery was a major educational center.

The most interesting is the largest in size and original in execution cave No. 3, which attracts attention with its high colonnade and architectural style.

The most western, multinational and largest city of India, located on the coast of the Arabian Sea. It is often referred to as the "Gateway of India". Mumbai streets are filled with people from different cultures and wealth levels. It is a city of contrasts, where unheard-of abundance coexists with appalling poverty. Migrants, fascinated by the images of Bollywood, come to Mumbai from all over India, as well as from the countries of South Asia. Despite an incredible population density of 21,665 people per km², people keep coming to this "golden city" as Mumbai is a place where both dreams and nightmares can come true.

Video: Mumbai

Story

Once upon a time, this place was just a chain of swampy, malaria-infested islands inhabited by a few fishermen and peasants who extracted juice from palm trees. The first name in the Marathi language came from the name of the goddess Mumba, who was revered back in the days of the first inhabitants - koli. They lived on all seven islands that were part of the city from the 2nd century BC. BC. It is amazing, but true: the remains of this culture are still preserved along the coastline of the city.

The islands were ruled by Hindu dynasties from the 6th century until the Muslim Sultan of Gujarat seized the territories in the 14th century, and they were eventually transferred to Portugal in 1534. The only significant contribution of the Portuguese to the development of the territory was that they christened it “ Bom Bahai" (Bom Bahai) before giving away the lands with the dowry of Catherine de Braganza when she married the English king Charles II (1661) . The British government took possession of the islands in 1665, but "leased" them to the East India Company three years later. (East India Company) for a ridiculous annual rent of £10.

Then the city was renamed Bombay and became a prosperous trading port. It developed so rapidly that after 20 years it became the main residence of the management of the East India Company, which moved to Bombay from the city of Surat. The construction of the Bombay fortress was completed in the 20s of the 18th century, and only 100 years later, according to an ambitious plan, this land was united with the islands and became the territory that we know today. Although the city developed significantly in the 19th century, it was still relatively isolated from its coastal zone until the British defeated the Marathas. (the population of Central India, who controlled most of the country's territories at different times), annexing part of western India to his possessions in 1818.

The walls of the fortress were dismantled in 1864: large-scale construction work began in the city, the main goal of which was to turn the city into a model of the colonial style. When Bombay became Britain's main cotton supplier during the American Civil War, the country's population increased and trade intensified as money "flowed" into the city.

An important fighter in the independence movement, Bombay became the city where the first Indian National Congress was held in 1885, and the Indian Liberation Campaign was launched in 1942 by a frequent visitor to the city, Mahatma Gandhi. The city became the president's capital upon independence, but in 1960 Maharashtra and Gujarat were separated along linguistic lines - and Bombay became the capital of the state of Maharashtra.

Growth of regional pro-Marathek movement led by Shiv Sena (by a Hindu party; literally "Shivaji's army"), excited the multinational population of the city with active discrimination against Muslims and opponents of the Maharaja. The Shiv Sena won the city's municipal elections in 1985. Tensions in the city were rising and cosmopolitan Bombay was threatened when around 800 people died in riots following the destruction of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya in December 1992.

The riots were accompanied by dozens of bombings on March 12, 1993, which killed more than 300 people; these explosions caused damage to the Bombay Stock Exchange and the Air India building. July 2006: train explosion that killed over 200 people; in November 2008 - planned attacks on 10 city attractions that lasted three days (As a result, 173 people died)... all this suggests that tension is constantly present.

26/11, as the Mumbai attacks came to be known, was a wake-up call for the city. Security has now been stepped up at many prominent tourist sites, prominent hotels and important financial and government buildings. Entire streets were blocked off in some cases, becoming a makeshift cricket ground for numerous youths. But Mumbai continues to live, and its recalcitrant Marathi spirit is not broken, thanks to which life in the commercial center of India and the global financial "engine" is stabilized.

Mumbai today

Today, Mumbai is home to the most successful film company, one of the largest slums in Asia and the largest rainforest in the city. This city is the "financial aorta" of India, the center of fashion and the intersection of numerous religions. Among fantastic architecture and modern skyscrapers, busy streets with luxurious restaurants, urban bustle and suburban glamour, chaos and craziness, the playful and mesmerizing motives of raga, complex music performed to the rhythm of desi drums, quietly sound.

Mumbai is also the capital of the state of Maharashtra, an island connected by bridges to the mainland. Sea docks located outside the city dominate the island's east coast. The commercial and cultural center of the city lies in the south of the claw-shaped island and is known as South Mumbai. The southern peninsula of Colaba is the traditional center where most of the attractions are concentrated, and directly north of Colaba is a business center called Fort (fort) where an old British fortress once stood. It is bordered to the west by a green area of ​​several interconnected fenced grassed areas known as maidans. (pronounced "meydans").

Although the north is as important a part of the city as South Mumbai, it is often referred to as the "suburb" (Suburbs). Here, especially in the expensive suburbs of Bandra (Bandra) and Juhu (Juhu), are the airport and many of Mumbai's best restaurants, shops and nightlife.

The opening of the Bandra Worli Sea Canal in 2009 shortened the journey between the two areas from one hour to seven minutes, making these prestigious suburbs accessible to tourists.

Sometimes you can see how a luxury liner, gliding past a large stone triumphal arch, the Apollo boardwalk and the yacht club, moored at Ballard Pier. For the rest of the mortals - landing at the Chhatrapati Shivaji airport. The hustle and bustle of porters and rickshaws that once plunged the newcomer into has now been replaced by a new, modern kind of hustle and bustle. New skyscrapers pop up in Mumbai almost every month. It is India's largest and busiest industrial and commercial city, producing automobiles, textiles, chemicals, and nuclear energy. It is also a renaissance site for Indian art. But this enormous wealth is combined with the abject poverty embodied by women who wear bricks on their heads to build luxurious apartments. This is despite the fact that on the outskirts of the city is Asia's largest slum area.

For many, a visit to the cosmopolitan city of Mumbai means delicious food, nightlife and shopping, but the city has so much more to offer than just nightlife and shopping. Nowhere else in the world do so colorfully impressive buildings of Gothic, Victorian and Indo-Saracenic eras and artistic decoration merge with the remnants of the British colonial era and many years of European influence. Chhatrapati Shivaji Station (Victoria Station), Supreme Court, University of Mumbai, Taj Mahal Palace Hotel (Taj Mahal Palace) and India Gate (India Gate) are among the most famous sights - small architectural gems give the overall architectural style an indescribable charm, to the delight of all visitors to the city.

Mumbai is a wonderful mixture of dreamers and workaholics, actors and gangsters, stray dogs and exotic birds, artists and servants, fishermen and crorepaths. (millionaires) and much more. The dilapidated architecture testifies to the fact that Mumbai once played a more important role in the world, which is reminded by a whole brick and lime museum. Only one thing is certain: this city on the world map will always be synonymous with creative chaos!

For everyone who came to Mumbai not on business, three, maximum four days should be enough to get a fairly complete picture of this exhausting city, so to speak. At the start of your stay, you may need advice on what to see in the city, which stretches for 20 km from north to south. Then contact the Indian Bureau of Tourism (India Tourism Office) located opposite Churchgate railway station (churchgate). Then start from the same place as King George V and Queen Mary did when they visited here in 1911, namely, from the headland at the end of the Apollo Quay. Today, the site is home to the world-famous Gateway of India. (Gateway of India), a monument that excites more with its symbolism than beauty (of course, depending on what you think of the splendor of the British Empire, for which it was established). In his The Ballad of East and West, Rudyard Kipling insisted that "the two would never meet," but the British did their best to fix this triumphal arch, generally marked by a pronounced Romanesque style, with four domes characteristic of architecture of Gujarat. This monument was unveiled in 1924. Twenty-four years later, the Somerset Light Infantry, the last British units to leave India, paraded through the India Gate.

Today, the arch is a favorite meeting place for local residents and those who like to watch what is happening around. Vendors of giant balls, photographers, beggars and barkers, along with Indian and foreign tourists, create the hubbub of the bazaar. Boats depart from the piers to the islands of Elephanta and Mandwa.

Facing the gate is an Indian equestrian statue of Shivaji. It was installed in 1961 in honor of this Maratha hero - a Hindu nationalist - a fighter against the oppression of the Great Moghuls.

Behind the statue is the Taj Mahal Hotel (Taj Mahal Hotel), built by a member of the Tatas family, an industrialist of Persian origin. It is said that this idea came to him when they refused to let him into Watson's, the best hotel in the city. From an architectural point of view, the hotel is a combination of Western and Eastern styles. Sea Hall for a cup of tea Apart from a memorial to the 31 people who died there, there is no trace of the devastation that took place here in November 2008, when Islamic terrorists targeted the hotel as one of the targets in an attack on the main tourist and business district of the city.

Raj District

Northwest of the Taj Mahal Hotel, on the stretch around Maidan, the heart of British Mumbai, the connoisseur can appreciate architecture that her admirers would call "eclectic" and her opponents "wacky."

The building of the old Secretariat is mainly attributed to the Venetian Gothic style; the university library - to French Gothic; the telegraph building - to the Romanesque style; the Supreme Court building and St. Thomas Cathedral - to the early English style. The architects were British, but the builders and decorators were Indian, and they are masters of adding details reminiscent of Rajput fortresses or Mughal palaces.

The influence of the national style is felt in the octagonal spire of the Rajabai clock tower on the university building (Rajabai Clocktower). It is decorated with 24 figures representing the castes of the former district of Bombay, of which it was the capital. In St. Thomas Cathedral, even ardent opponents of imperialism can be touched by some heart-rending epitaphs of those who died in the military or civil service for their country. For fans of the period of British rule in India, Victoria Station is a great example of Indian Gothic style. (Victoria Terminus). It used to be abbreviated as VT, but now as CST (Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus). Imposing, opulent and always crowded, this building is considered the most extravagant example of Gothic in the city, the beating heart of its railway network and an example of colonial Indian architecture. As the historian Christopher London put it, "Victoria Station is to British power what the Taj Mahal is to the Mughal Empire." It is a combination of Victorian, Hindu and Islamic styles, with buttresses, domes, turrets, spiers and stained glass windows.

Opened on a jubilee day in 1857, it served both as the starting point for India's first railway and as a symbol of all that the British had thus far achieved in the Indian subcontinent; a symbol of their pride, power and seemingly limitless potential.

Northwest of Victoria Station is the bustling Crawford Market. (Crawford Market), which after independence became known as Mahatma Jyotiba Phule (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule). Behind the brick façade with gates, the friezes of which are decorated with bas-reliefs made by Kipling's father, the stalls retain their original arrangement: vegetables to the left; fruits and flowers - to the right; fish, lamb and poultry are straight ahead.

Uptown

Behind Crawford Market lies the heart of Mumbai, where Indians from all over the country compete in the bazaars with busy traders from the state of Maharashtra. (Mumbai is its capital). Among the colorful Hindu temples and mosques in the Muslim neighborhoods located nearby, Jain traders sell gold in the Zaveri Bazaar, and on other streets they sell silverware, brass, copper, leather, and lace.

Another famous landmark of the city is the Marine Drive embankment. (Marine Drive), which starts from Nariman Point and reaches the Malabar Hill residential area (Malabar Hill), skirting the Back Bay. A must see place is Chowpatty Beach, not because you can sunbathe and swim there, but because it is one of the most extensive places in Western India where you can watch people: fakirs walk on fire, sleep on nails, walk on ropes or bury their head in the sand; food vendors offer kulfi ice cream, as well as betel and belpuri, local spices.

Museums

Chhatrapati Shivaji Museum (Chatrapati Shivaji Museum)- formerly known as the Prince of Wales Museum - located at the end of Mahatma Gandhi Road. It was built in 1871. The building includes elements of medieval Gujarati and Bijapur architecture, as well as urban architecture of Manchester. It contains a collection of miniatures and valuable sculptures of the 7th century. from the caves of Elephanta Island. At the adjacent Jahandir Art Gallery (Jehangir Art Gallery) works illustrating modern trends in Indian painting are presented.

Gallery visitors

Bollywood

Mumbai is the glittering center of India's gigantic Hindi film industry. Starting with silent films exclusively with male actors (some dressed as women)- the epic picture of 1913 "Raja Harishchandra" - and the first sound film "Lama Aga" (1931) , now it produces over 1,000 films a year: more than Hollywood. Not surprising when you consider that Bollywood is supported by an audience of one-sixth of the world's population, plus significant Indian communities abroad.

Every part of India has its own regional film studios, but Bollywood continues to represent the nation in its most colorful form: lovers constantly singing and dancing, fighting for love and resisting the forces that try to tear them apart. Now pro-Hollywood thrillers and blockbusters on TV are vying for moviegoers' attention with the usual luscious, more family-oriented films.

Bollywood stars in India can achieve an almost god-like status, and star discussion has become a favorite pastime in Mumbai's institutions.

Studios sometimes invite Western actors (or use provocative outfits) to add a European twist to the film. This trend has developed so that 100,000 young actors went on strike in 2008 to protest the loss of jobs due to foreigners who work for less money.

If you're interested in this kind of adventure, just walk around Colaba, where studios recruit people to shoot the next day. Day of work 500 rupees. You will get lunch and something else to eat if the shooting starts early or ends late. Transport is usually 2nd class trains unless there are enough tourists to hire private transport. A shooting day can be quite long, in addition, heat and stress must be taken into account; not everyone is happy with this experience. Sometimes people complain about the lack of food and water, or dangerous situations and intimidation, and Western guest actors do not complain about this. Some find this experience fascinating. Before agreeing, always ask for the ID of the recruiter and listen to your intuition!

Mumbai: foodie paradise

In Mumbai, you can find culinary masterpieces not only from all over India, but from all over the world. You should not restrain yourself, because you should definitely try Parsi dhansak (meat with spices, lentils and rice), Gujarati or Kerala thali (a set of dishes from the series "eat as much as you like"), kebab from the Mughal cuisine, Goan and Mangalore seafood. And don't forget: if Bombay duck is listed on the menu, it's actually sun-dried and deep-fried bombil fish.

It is very important to visit the famous Mumbai beach and visit one of the bhelpuri located on Girga um Chowpatty, where you can enjoy the taste of crispy fried thin cakes with steamed rice, lentils, lemon juice, onions, herbs, red pepper and tamarind chutney. Other establishments offer rice dishes, samosas, pav bhaji (vegetables with spices and bread) and vada pav (heavy fried sandwich with lentils and spices)– so it is better to find time for everything.

mumbai festival

In January, the Mumbai Festival takes place, on this day stages are organized throughout the city, food is offered, dances take place. This festival shows off the cultural diversity in Mumbai in all its splendor.

Dharavi slums

Mumbai residents have mixed feelings about 2008 hit Slumdog Millionaire (in Hindi - "Slumdog Crorepati"). But the slums are part, many would say the backbone, of Mumbai's urban life. Surprisingly, 55% of Mumbai's population lives in slums, and one of the largest slum areas in Mumbai (and in Asia, for that matter) This is Dharavi. Initially, the territory inhabited by fishermen was only streams, swamps and islands. It became attractive to migrant workers from South Mumbai and beyond, and then the swamps began to be populated for natural and artificial reasons. The area now includes 1.75 km between Mumbai's two main railway lines and is home to over a million people.

A shot from the crime melodrama "Slumdog Millionaire", which conquered not only the people of India, but the whole world!

While it may look a little chaotic, this city-within-a-city maze of dusty alleys and sewer streets is actually a cluster of adjoining communities. In some parts of Dharavi there is a mixed population: people from different parts of India and representatives of different professions who have built houses and tiny factories for themselves. Potters from Saurashtra live in one district, Muslim tanners in another; Uttar Pradesh embroiderers work side by side with blacksmiths, workers process plastics, and women dry pappadams in the hot sun. Some of these businesses, some 10,000 in total, sell goods for export, and Dhavari's annual turnover is no less than $665 million.

Life in the slums of Mumbai is no different if you take a closer look. Residents pay rent, most houses have kitchens and electricity, and building materials from corrugated iron to multi-story concrete structures. Many families have been living here for generations and some of the young residents of Dhavari even work in the offices. But often they decide to stay in the areas where they grew up.

Slum tourism is a controversial topic, so you'll have to decide for yourself. If you decide to visit the slums, Reality Tours & Travel can offer you an exciting journey, and a percentage of the profits goes back to Dhawari to create community centers and schools. Some tourists decide to visit this area of ​​Mumbai on their own - this is normal, just do without a camera. Take the train from Churchgate station towards Mahim (12 rupees), exit on the west side, then cross the bridge to Dhavari.

In the slums of Dharavi, you can see the life of most of the inhabitants of Mumbai without embellishment

Legendary wadi (village) is the bastion of life in Mumbai as it was before the rise of skyscrapers. A Christian enclave of elegant two-story wooden mansions is located 500 meters northeast of Girguam Chowpatty, adjacent to the Indian and Muslim districts of Mumbai. These windy streets offer a view of a quiet, calm life, without cars and autorickshaws. The village is small in every sense, but these bewitching alleys can be admired for hours and, most amazingly, all this is a step away from the hustle and bustle of the real Mumbai.

To find the village, walk to the Church of St. Teresa (St Teresa's Church) on the corner of Jagannath Shankarsheth Marg (JS Marg) and RR Roy Marg (Charni Ra), and then turn your back on the church and walk along JS Marg until you dive into the second or third lane on the left.

Entertainment

The Daily Mid-Day Brief in English includes information on the top things to do in Mumbai. Newspapers and Time Out Mumbai list events and screenings, and www.nh7.in has live music ratings. Modern project Bombay Elektrik Projekt (www.bombayelektrik.com) organizes any kind of events, from DJs and poetry recitals to short film screenings.

It would be a crime not to go to the cinema in the capital of the Indian film industry. Unfortunately, Indian films are shown without English subtitles. The cinemas listed here show films in English and several Bollywood films.

The liveliest club nights (surprisingly) on Wednesday, as well as on Friday and Saturday, which are more familiar to us; entrance is usually paid. The clubs have a dress code, so don't go there in shorts and sandals. Resto lounges are trending in Mumbai as opposed to crowded nightclubs – high taxes on discos (which does not apply to lounges and restaurants) made people smarter.

Where to eat

In this gastronomic epicenter, a cornucopia of flavors from across India clashes with international trends. Colaba has most of the cheap eateries for tourists, while Forth and Churchgate have better quality restaurants. This trend continues as you move further north towards Mahalakshmi and the Central Suburbs, home to some of the most stunning, upscale and expensive restaurants in Mumbai.

For those who like to cook themselves, Colaba Market is open in Mumbai (Lala Nigam St). Fresh fruits and vegetables are sold here. Good selection of groceries at Saharkari Bhandar Supermarket (22022248; junction of Colaba, Colaba and Wodehouse Rd; 10.00-20.30) and Suryodaya (22040979; Veer Nariman Rd; 7.30-20.30); the second one is even better.

Alcohol

Mumbai is quite liquor friendly, which means there are plenty of places to sell alcohol, from garage-looking beer bars and eye-popping lounges to cheeky, multi-level superclubs; but don't be surprised when you find on your bill 25% of the price - tax on alcoholic beverages.

shopping

Mumbai is the largest market in India, so it has the best shopping experience in the country.

Anything can be bought in the bustling bazaars north of the CST. Mumbai's main trading floors are Crawford Market , Mangalda Market (silk and clothing), Zaveri Bazaar (decorations), Bhuleshwar Market (fruits and vegetarian products) and Chor Bazaar (antiques and furniture). Dhabu St sells leather goods and Mutton St sells antiques, reproductions and cute knick-knacks. Crawford Market (Mahatma Phule Market)- this is the last outpost of British Bombay, beyond which the noise and cries of the central bazaars begin. Bas-reliefs of Father Rudyard Kipling (Rudyard Kipling), Lockwood Kipling (Lockwood Kipling), decorate buildings of Norman-Gothic architecture.

Immerse yourself in the bustling shopping of Fashion Street (Fashion Street)- the strip of shops along MG Rd, between Cross Maidan and Azad Maidan, or in Bangra on Linking Rd, near Waterfield Rd - hone your bargaining skills. There are many good designer shops at Kemp's Corner.

Plenty of state-owned malls in Mumbai sell handicrafts at the World Trade Center Arcade near Cuffe Parade. Small shops of rare items and antiques are located along Merewether Rd behind the Taj Mahal Palace. It is not cheap here, but the quality makes itself felt - it is an order of magnitude higher than in state shopping centers. If you like things from the colonial era, head to Chor Bazaar: the liveliest street is Mutton St, where you can find many antique shops (as well as a lot of inventive fakes, so be on your guard) and various junk.

Food vendors in Mumbai (Dabba Walla)

A small miracle of logistics - 5000 food deliveries or, as they are called, dabba-wallahs (dabba means food container; there are also tiffin-wallahs lunch delivery men) in Mumbai they tirelessly deliver hot lunches to office workers throughout the city.

Lunch boxes are picked up each time from homes and restaurants and delivered on heads, bikes and trains to a central marshalling yard. A complex system of numbers and colors (many deliveries are illiterate) indicates where to carry the lunch. They deliver over 200,000 meals daily - always on time, no matter what. (monsoon) rain or (scorching) sun.

This system has been used for centuries and on average there is only one error per six million deliveries. No wonder the dabba wallas are extremely proud of their work.

Food vendors in Mumbai

Great Wall of Mumbai

This art initiative is somewhat reminiscent of the East Side Gallery in Berlin. (although Mumbai has not had 28 years of harassment and isolation). Wall Project (www.thewallproject.com) began with a few art and design graduates who decided to paint the walls of neighboring houses with local drawings and artistic graffiti. Soon this idea turned into a public project, due to which the walls of any houses on the outskirts of Bandra, from residential to hospitals, exploded with color drawings. The number of drawings began to increase like weeds and soon, dilapidated buildings and abandoned walls turned into a real museum of modern urban art. As of this writing, hundreds of artists (and just lovers) have already drawn more than 600 drawings, the longest strip of which started from Mahim station (West) on Tulsi Pipe Road (Senapati Bapat Marg) and along the Western Railway to Matunga Rd. It is called the Great Wall of Mumbai.

Anyone can post their drawing here as long as it doesn't have a literal sexual, political, religious, or commercial message. Get yourself some acrylic tempera - this is the best paint to use due to harsh weather conditions - and get creative!

Painting on the walls as part of the Wall Project in Mumbai

Transport in Mumbai

To/from airports

International Airport:

A taxi pre-order kiosk is located near the international airport. Here you can hire a taxi at fixed prices to any part of the city; Colaba, Fort and Marine Drive are with/without air conditioning Rs 495/395, Bandra West Rs 310/260 and Juhu Rs 235/190. In addition, the service fee is 10 rupees and for each piece of luggage 10 rupees. You will be taken to Colaba in 45 minutes at night and 1.5-2 hours during the day. Tipping is not needed.

Auto rickshaws can be found near the arrivals terminal, but don't try to take them to the southern part of Mumbai: auto rickshaws can only take you to Mahim Creek. You can ride an auto rickshaw (about 40 rupees) to Andheri railway station and transfer to the commuter train (7 rupees, 45 minutes) to Churchgate station or CST. Such a trip makes sense only if you arrived during the day and not at rush hour (6.00-11.00) , and besides, even without heavy luggage.

Minibuses near the arrivals gate provide free transportation to the airport for domestic flights and to hotels in Juhu.

A taxi from south Mumbai to the international airport will cost 350-400 rupees if you bargain well; the official luggage fee is 10 rupees per piece. From midnight to 5 am - plus 25% of the cost. We really liked the old black and yellow taxis, but Meru also offers good air-conditioned and metered taxis (44224422; www.merucabs.com). The price is 20 rupees for the first km and 14 rupees for all subsequent (25% more expensive at night). The route is determined by GPS, so you will not be deceived!

Domestic airport:

Auto rickshaws and taxis are available near all domestic terminals. You can pre-order a car right next to the gate for arrivals. A taxi without/with air conditioning to Colaba or Fort costs 350/400 at any time of the day, plus 10 rupees for luggage. In Juhu - 150/200 rupees.

A cheaper alternative is an auto rickshaw from the airport to Vile Parle train station (20-30 rupees), and from here the train to Churchgate (7 rupees, 45 minutes). Don't even try to drive this way during rush hour (6-11 hours).

boat

In PNP (22885220) and Maldar Catamarans (22829695) there are regular boats to Mandwa island (one way 110 rupees). From here you can get to Murud-Janjir and other parts of the Konkan coast without having to get on the bus for a long time. Ticket offices are located at the Apollo Pier (Apollo Bunder; near Gateway to India).

Bus

Single decker and double decker buses in Mumbai are a good choice for traveling short distances. The price in south Mumbai is 3 rupees per stop; pay the conductor at the entrance. This service is provided by BEST. (www.bestundertaking.com), with a garage in Colaba (the site has the ability to search for bus routes around the city). To see south Mumbai cheaply, all you have to do is hop on a double-decker bus (e.g. bus 103). A day pass costs 25 rupees.

The car

Cars are usually rented for the day (maximum eight hours and 80 km). If you exceed the allowed limit, you will have to pay extra. The best price for a car with air conditioning is about 1000 rupees.

The agent at the tent ticket office at Apollo Jetty near the Gateway of India can arrange a Maruti with driver but no air conditioning for a half day tour for Rs 1,000 (you will have time to get to Mahalakshmi and Malabar Hill). Ordinary taxi drivers often agree to this price too.

Vintage cars on the streets of Mumbai

Underground

The Mumbai metro project, which cost US$ 8.17 billion, was never completed. The Colaba-Bandra-Airport line would be very useful for tourists, but it will take a few more years to complete it.

Motorbike

Allibhai Premji Tyrewalla (www.premjis.com; 205/207 Dr D Bhadkamkar Rd; 10.00-19.00 Mon-Sat) has been selling new and used motorcycles for nearly a hundred years, with a guaranteed return policy when you no longer need it. If you want to rent a bike for two or three weeks, you still have to pay full price for it. The company prefers long-term deals of two months or more. Either way, it's cheaper. Used Hero Honda Karizma 150cc cm or 225 cu. cm costs from 725,000 to 780,000, while it will be bought back from you for about 60% in three months (sometimes there are "enfields" with a large engine capacity). Smaller bike (100-180 cc) you can take from 725,000. The company can organize the shipment of a motorcycle abroad by sea (about 724,000 to UK).

Taxis and auto rickshaws

It seems that every second car in Mumbai is a yellow and black Premier taxi (Indian version of "Fiat" from the 1950s). The car is the most convenient way to get around the city, and in the southern part of Mumbai, drivers almost always correctly calculate the cost on the meter. There are auto rickshaws only on the northern outskirts of Mahim Creek.

Not all drivers know the names of city streets (especially new ones), so it's better to use some landmarks to explain where you want to go. Fares increased in 2010 and meter now starts at Rs 16 per day (Rs 20 after midnight) for the first 1.6 km and then 10 rupees per kilometer (Rs 12 after midnight). The minimum cost of an auto rickshaw is 11 rupees.

We won't point fingers, but Mumbaikar's taxis and autorickshaws can cash in on foreigners from time to time. Rickshaws and taxi drivers who use old meters may try to deceive you (fixed on the outside on the left). The cost of a taxi with an old meter will be about 16 times more than indicated. To prevent this from happening, print out a handy fare converter available from Mumbai Traffic Police (www.trafficpolicemumbai.org/Tariffcard_Auto_taxiJorm.htm)- that's the whole conversation (until next time).

A train

Mumbai has a good but overcrowded suburban train network.

There are three main lines, so it's pretty easy to figure it out. The most useful direction is from Churchgate north to Charni Rd stations (for transfer to Girgaum Chowpatty), Mumbai Central (for transfer to Dhobi Ghat), Vile Parle (for domestic flights), Andheri (for international flights) and Borivali (for Sanjay Gandhi National Park). Other suburban lines connect CST and Baikullu (for Veermata Jijabai Bhonsle Udyan, former Victoria Gardens), Dadar and Neral (for Matheran). Trains run from 4.00 to 1.00. Ticket price from Churchgate, 2nd/1st class 4/41 at Mumbai Central, 77/78 at Vile Parle or Andheri and 79/104 at Borivali.

Mumbai commuter trains

Neighborhood of Mumbai

Elephanta Island

From Mumbai you can take a pleasant boat trip to the temple caves of the 7th century. on Elephanta Island. A ferry departs from the Apollo embankment. Known as Gharapuri, the Holy City of Kings, the island was named Elephanta by Portuguese sailors. Although their muskets damaged many of the sculptures of the gods in the caves, enough of them survived to make a stop on the island. Carved into the rocky hills in the center of the island, the caves contain some of the finest examples of ancient Indian sculpture, including the famous Trimurti, the three-headed Shiva, whose imposing profile has become almost as recognizable as the Taj Mahal.

Known as "Maheshmurti", the panel occupies the wall of one of the largest caves in the complex. Although there is some controversy regarding the date of this magnificent relief, scholars agree that this is an outstanding work of Indian sculpture: there is no other ancient statue in the entire Indian subcontinent that radiates a vivid feeling of such power and serenity. On both sides of it are impressive bas-reliefs depicting mythological scenes. The main entrance to the cave is guarded by a multi-armed deity of a frightening appearance. (dvarapala) A deer in Sanjay Gandhi Park comes to the boy every day for food

It's hard to believe that just 1.5 hours from the crowded metropolis is a 104 sq. km. (28866449; adult/child 30/15, two wheeler/four wheeler Rs 15/50; 7.30-18.00). Here, instead of the pollution and crowds of Mumbai, you will see vibrant flora, birds, butterflies and elusive leopards surrounded by forested mountains on the northern outskirts of the city. Urbanization and urban shacks try to squeeze into this wilderness, but thanks to the status of a national park, the forest remains green and quiet.

To escape for a day from mind-blowing Mumbai, you can choose the well-trodden trails to Shilonda Falls. (shilonda) and lakes Vihar and Tulsi (Vihar and Tulsi), safari in search of lions and tigers, as well as Kanheri caves (Kanheri)

Best time to visit

October to March.

Special offers for hotels

Road to Mumbai and back

Airplane

Mumbai is the main international gateway to southern India and is also the busiest domestic airport. Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport (Chhatrapa-ti Shivaji International Airport; domestic flights 26264000, international flights 26813000; www.csia.in), is located about 30 km from the city center. Since 2006, it has been modernized for the amount of $2 billion. At the time of writing, the airport had three internal (1A, 1B and 1C) and one international terminal (2A). The airport terminal from where domestic flights depart, known as Santa Cruz Airport, can be accessed via Vile Parle, while the international airport is four kilometers away on Andheri and is called Sahar by the locals. Both terminals have ATMs, currency exchange and tourist information booths. A free shuttle between airports runs every half hour; to get into it, you need to have a plane ticket. By 2014, the shiny new T2 terminal will be ready to serve both domestic and international flights, and Santa Cruz will become a cargo airport.

International airlines:

It is best to book a ticket through a travel agency or the Internet, because even in offices you are constantly redirected to call centers.

The following airlines have offices in Mumbai:

• Air India (27580777, airport 26156633; www.airindia.com; Air India building, corner of Marine Dr and Madame Kama Rd, Nariman Point; 9.15-18.30 Mon-Fri, to 17.15 Sat and Sun)
• cathay pacific (66572222, airport 66859002/3; www.cathaypacific.com; 2 Brady Gladys Plaza, Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel; 9:30-18:30 Mon-Sat)
• Emirates Airlines (40974097; www.emirates.com; 3 Mittal Chambers, 228 Nariman Point; 9.00-17.30 Mon-Sat)
• El Al Airlines (66207400, Airport 66859425/6; www.elal.co.il; 7th floor, NKM International House, BM Chinai Marg, Nariman Point; 9.30-17.30 Mon-Fri, until 13.00 Sat)
• Qantas (61111818; www.qantas.com.au; 5th floor, Sunteck Centre, 37-40 Subhash Rd, Vile Parle; 9.00-13.15 and 14.30-17.30 Mon-Fri)
• Swiss (67137240; www.swiss.com; 3rd floor, Vashani Chambers, New Marine Ln, 9; 9.00-17.30 Mon-Sat)
• Thai Airways (61395599; www.thaiair.com; 2A Mittal Towers wing A, Nariman Point 9.30-17.30 Mon-Fri, til 4 Sat)

Domestic airlines:

• GoAir (call center 1800 222111, airport 26264/89; www.goair.in)
• Indian Airlines (22023031, call center 1800 1801407; www.indianairlines.nic.in; Air India building, corner of Marine Dr and Madame Kama Rd, Nariman Point)
• indigo (call center 18001803838; www.goindigo.in)
• Jet Airways (call center 39893333, airport 26266575; www.jetairways.com; Amarchand Mansion, Madame Kama Rd; 9.30-18.00 Mon-Fri, until 13.00 Sat)
• jetlite (call center 1800 225522; www.jetlite.com)
• Kingfisher/Kingfisher Red (call center 1800 2331310, airport 26262605; www.flykingfisher.com; Nirmal building, Marine Dr, Nariman Point; 9.00-19.00 Mon-Sat, 10.00-14.00 Sun)

  Buses of private companies, as a rule, are more comfortable and it is easier to book a ticket for them, but they cost an order of magnitude more than state ones; Departure from Dr Anadrao Nair Rd near Mumbai Central Station. Prices for popular destinations (e.g. Goa) in the high season increase to 75%. For departure times and current prices, please contact National CTC (23015652; Dr Anadrao Nair Rd; 7.00-22.00).

  
  

  It is more convenient to go to Goa and other southern cities by Chandni Travels buses (22713901) that depart three times a day from Azad Maidan (Azad Maidan), south of the Metro cinema. Ticket agents are located near the departure point.

  Long-distance public buses depart from the Central Bus Station in Mumbai (Mumbai Central bus terminal; 23074272/1524) close to Mumbai Central Railway Station. Buses run to the main cities of Maharashtra and neighboring states. They are cheaper and run more frequently than private buses, but the quality of services and the number of people can vary widely.

  A train

  There are three railway lines in Mumbai, with Central Railways and Western Railways offering the best service.

  
  

  A ticket for any direction can be bought at any station, in the southern part of Mumbai or in the suburbs, where there are computerized ticket offices. At Central Railways (134) there are trains heading east, south and some trains heading north from CST. Pre-checkout (139; 8.00-20.00 Mon-Sat, until 14.00 Sun) located near the taxi rank on the CST. Ticket prices for foreigners (tourist-quota tickets; box 52) can be bought up to 90 days before travel, but they must be paid in foreign currency or rupees with a receipt from a bank or ATM. You can buy Indrail travel vouchers at box 52. You can buy tickets at regular prices with Visa or MasterCard at more convenient and faster ticket offices that accept credit cards (10 and 11) for an additional 30 rupees. Ticket refunds for Indians and foreigners are made at box 8.

  Some Central Railways trains depart from Dadar Station (D)- a few stops north of CST or Churchgate / (Lokmanya Tilak; T) 16km north of CST.

  To Western Railways (131,132) trains run north (including to Rajasthan and Delhi) from Mumbai Central Station (Mumbai Central (MC); 23061763, 23073535), commonly referred to as Bombay Central (Bombay Central; TSA). Pre-checkout (8.00-20.00 Mon-Sat, until 14.00 Sun), located opposite Churchgate railway station, here you can buy a ticket for a quota for tourists (box 14). Same rules as on DXI (CST). Credit cards are accepted at box number 6.

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01. In fact, this is the same city. According to one version ( Indian) the city was founded in 1507 under the name of Mumbai, in honor of the Hindu goddess Mumba Devi. And then the Portuguese came and renamed it Bombain, something like a good bay. When the Portuguese were replaced by the main local colonizers, the British, the name adapted into the sonorous Bombay. For some reason, only in 1995, the local authorities decided to return the historical (in their opinion) title. And since then, officially Bombay is called Mumbai. But, the usual Bombay ( to the first syllable) is still in use among both citizens and travelers from all over the world.

02. Such a glorious view opens from the window of my hotel, where I got from the airport after about two hours of endless traffic jams ...

03. I confess that of all the cities in India where I have visited, Mumbai is perhaps the most interesting.

04. Well, actually the pronoun "most" is applicable to many adjectives relating to the description of Mumbai: The largest in India ( more than 22 million); The most business read rich); The most contrasting outright poverty and no less outright wealth side by side); India's most cosmopolitan city (here is a real clash of west and east, Europe and Asia)...

05. It is located on the coast of the Arabian Sea.

06. So, somewhere beyond the horizon is Dubai...) By the way, it is from here that cheap consumer goods come to Dubai Creek.

07. The main visiting card of Bombay, the royal gate to India (and from India) ...) The arch was founded in 1911 in honor of the visit of King George V, and through them the last British troops left India in 1948, after the country's independence was declared .

08. I must admit that all the most interesting things in architecture were built during the period of English domination, approximately in the second half of the 19th-20th centuries. Here at the arch, there is a luxury hotel "Taj Mahal", built in 1903, and attacked by terrorists in 2008.

09. Next to the historical, modern building built already in the era of Indian independence (approximately in the 70s of the XX century).

10. The place is very popular with citizens and numerous tourists. It is also popular with terrorists. There have been multiple attacks, including bloody attacks. Now the entrance to the territory is limited by the need to undergo a personal search procedure (however, very formal).

11. From here you can go to the remote island of Elephanta ( where there are many monkeys and caves, and there are no elephants at all).

12. Or take a ride along the coast on numerous pleasure trams. This is for those who have a lot of time.

13. As for me, I chose a walk through the center of the historic city.

14. There are many curious colonial buildings built in the spirit of English neoclassicism and neogothic.

15. Of course, there is also something like constructivism.

16. Green Mumbi, Clean Mumbai. Green Mumbai, Clean Mumbai. Both that and another is applicable, perhaps, only to the historical center of the city, and then with a big stretch.

17. Is it because of traffic jams? Perhaps they are truly fantastic. Moscow in the middle of the 2000s is resting ( seems to be better today)... In general, the ecology is the same!

18. But there is a lot of greenery.

19. For example, in the very center of the city, the so-called Oval Maidan is located, surrounded on all sides by pretty tropical vegetation,

20. and very beautiful colonial buildings of the past. For example, the building of the Supreme Court of the State of Maharashtra.

21. Or the beautiful Rajabai Clock Tower, which is part of the University of Mumbai.

22. And actually the Oval Maidan -

23. this is the current field for the mega cricket popular in India ( colonial echoes),

24. and football.

25. Photo from the past. Oval Maidan in 1875. When tropical trees were small.

(photo from the Internet)

26. When the trees grew, beautiful historical buildings became barely visible ... Part of the campus of the University of Mumbai.

27. Walking around the city, I was sincerely struck by the diversity of colonial architecture. Literally, every building is a masterpiece!

28. What can not be said about local public transport.

29. However, this is how else to look ...)

30. And a little further, the legacy of independence?)

31. I wonder what modern Indian cities would have looked like if India had not declared independence in 1947?

32. It is clear that the question is a trick. But when you look at the colonial past and the relative present, the latter seems to be inferior to the former.

33. St. Thomas Cathedral, 1718, by the way, 299 years! Anniversary next year.

34. Inside, ceiling fans familiar to hot countries. Naturally, this is the Cathedral of the Anglican Church.

Each person, having heard the words: "Mumbai", "India", will immediately imagine flexible, dancing women in colorful clothes. He will hear melodic songs that sink into the soul, and smile, remembering romantic films about love. They are associated with something distant and fabulous, almost inaccessible.

But visiting the country is easy. And then everything that was known only from frames from the cinema will be within walking distance. Before traveling, it is recommended to get acquainted with the information, features, customs and mores. In this case, the trip will pass without unexpected surprises.

Mumbai is sometimes referred to as the gateway to India. Let's figure out why this happens.

A large metropolis, located very conveniently. Through it they get to any point of the state. In the past it was called Bombay. Only in 1995, the policy was returned to its former name, which existed before, until the moment it was settled by the Portuguese. Mumbai means "mother".

The capital of the Indian state is connected with the settlements by rail and road. You can get not only through the air, but also in other ways. Therefore, it is called the "gate" of the country.

Geographic location

Spread on the shores of the Arabian Sea, it stretches along the coast for about 150 km. Part is located on the islands of Solsett and Bombay.

Erected on a hilly area. Its highest point above sea level is 450 meters.

Climate and weather

The climate is tropical. This means that the area is characterized by rainy and dry seasons.

The rains begin in March and continue until October. It's hot and humid here. The rainy season peaks in July-September. It looks like the downpours will flood the streets. But that doesn't happen. The air warms up to +30 degrees and above.

There is no precipitation from November to February. Two months - January and February - are called the coldest. The air temperature does not rise above 10 degrees Celsius.

Many consider this to be the best time to visit. The weather does not interfere with sightseeing and long walks.

Story

Archaeological finds prove that the settlement existed in the 2nd century BC. e. It is believed that then it occupied 7 islands. Tourists travel to Elephant Island to personally inspect the stone caves and ruins of religious buildings preserved from that era.

At the beginning of the 16th century, the Portuguese invaded and occupied the city. Associated with this is a change in religious beliefs. Many Hindus converted to the Catholic faith. It was then that Mumbai began to be called Bombay.

In the middle of the 17th century, the area on which Bombay was located was given as a dowry to the English king. He, in turn, handed over the islands to a trading company. Since then, the harbor has been used for trading purposes.

The first governor was an Englishman. He took office at the end of the 17th century. But by the beginning of the 19th century, the British considered the location of the policy on the islands inconvenient. Work began on the unification of the islands into one point. The railroad was built. It was a necessity - there was a cotton mill in Bombay, and the cotton needed to be exported from the country.

By the beginning of the 20th century, Bombay had become a major polis with a population of one million. Communication routes, large factories contributed to the fact that people from different places began to flock here in search of work.

Now it is the cultural, commercial, economic capital of India.

The most populated metropolis of India, but also the largest port in the west of the country. The population increased by as much as 50,000 in 15 years. This happened in the middle of the 17th century, with the arrival of the Portuguese.

In the late 19th century, Bombay was the world's cotton trading center. It houses all the major film studios, including Bollywood.

UNESCO, for the preservation of historical and cultural sites, awarded the city with honorary awards.

Population

People of different nationalities come here. This is due to the lack of jobs in the regions. The largest economic capital is inhabited by people of different religions and cultures.

population

The population is increasing from year to year. According to the latest data, more than 17 million live here. This is the most densely populated place in the world. The population density is about 22 thousand per square kilometer.

There are more men, this is due to the fact that it is the representatives of the stronger sex who go to work from villages and villages to large industrial centers.

Official language

Marathi is recognized as the official language, but the majority of the population speaks Hindi. Also, residents use English, almost all residents know it.

Take an English phrase book on your trip, then there will be no problems with communication.

National composition

The majority are Indians. But since the population is constantly replenished, you can meet people of the most unexpected nationality. In addition, people get married, give birth to children and, sometimes, they themselves cannot answer who they are by nationality.

Religion

More than half of the inhabitants profess Hinduism. But with the arrival of the Portuguese, Christianity spread. So you can also meet Catholics. In addition, followers of Buddhism, Judaism and Islam live and the oldest mosque is located.

Economy

The largest center of the economy. The settlement is important for the whole country. This policy alone gives annually more than 30% of the income to the state treasury.

The industrial industry is well developed. Oil is processed, diamond and gold deposits are being developed. A nuclear power plant has been set up. Financial organizations are concentrated, including the Reserve Bank of India.

Along with rich, prosperous areas, slums have a life of their own. They are inhabited by the poor, artisans, those who came here for a better life.

You can clearly see how the poor are trying to survive.

World famous countries cooperate with Mumbai.

City government

Mumbai is the capital of Maharashtra, a state of India, which in turn is divided into two parts: the Suburb and the City. They are also part of the state as separate units.

All power is in the hands of the City Council. The Mayor is considered the head of the Council. But this is a formality. He doesn't decide anything. The Government of Maharashtra appoints the main responsible person - the commission agent. He rules in the policy, the Council obeys him. In each district (and there are 21 districts in total), an assistant commissioner is appointed, who monitors the order and reports on the state of affairs to the leadership.

Social and cultural life

The city leads a rich, cultural life, social programs are being developed that are designed to preserve the national heritage. People of different cultures and religions come. They all live peacefully in the same territory.

This is a metropolis where festivals and ethnic holidays are held. All nationalities participate in them, respect the cultural traditions of another nation.

Lots of cinemas, locals love to visit them. In addition to movies, it is famous for its exhibitions and galleries.

The public library was founded in the early 19th century. This is one of the oldest institutions of the cultural capital. It contains not only books and periodicals of past years, but also manuscripts of historical value.

Private and public schools are open. The poor strata of the population study in state educational institutions. The authorities are following this. Children are required to attend classes, child labor is not welcome.

Awarded by UNESCO for the preservation of national monuments almost in their original form.

Landmarks and architecture

The architecture is mainly represented by buildings of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. At that time, the British dominated, they also built up the policy. Two styles prevail: neo-gothic and neoclassical. They were typical for England. There are buildings built in purely Indian traditions of the 16th-18th centuries.

The center is an English fort, the formation of Bombay passed around it. It is a spacious, green area. The Fort houses government offices, banks, shops, offices, and educational institutions. The main attractions are concentrated in the Old Fort.

The areas following the Fort are densely built-up streets. The poor and visitors settle in them. There are buildings of different styles, there are even houses made of cardboard. The lower floors of residential buildings are occupied by benches. There are also many warehouses, docks.

Along with rich and prosperous neighborhoods, there are poor, narrow streets. Tourists are attracted by the fact that artisans work on the street. Travelers go to look at the process. There is also a cheerful, festive atmosphere. Family events are celebrated with neighbors, singing and dancing. You can get to one of these holidays during a walk.

Bollywood

Cinema is a favorite entertainment and spectacle. Bombay was famous for its movies, and Mumbai has a similar reputation.

The first film was released back in 1986, the policy is called the birthplace of Indian cinema. Bollywood is the largest film industry. It was created in the image of Hollywood. Bollywood recently celebrated its centenary. Films shot here are loved in many parts of the world. Singing plays an important role in films. With the help of music, the characters convey the feelings and emotions that engulf them during the action.

Bollywood opened to the public in 2011. This immediately increased the influx of travelers. Many people want to get here and see how the filming of their favorite films from childhood goes on. Viewers can even participate in the filming.

Excursions are organized in Bollywood, you can visit it on your own.

Traditional cuisine

Nobody will be left hungry. There are catering points everywhere, food vendors walk right down the street. The best restaurants are open in the Old Fort.

National cuisine is special, it is a combination of Asian and European cuisine. The coexistence of different nations and religions in one place could not but affect the food.

They don't cook pork or beef here. Animals are sacred, you have to make do with poultry or lamb.

Lots of different fruits. Bananas, juices are sold at every step very cheaply.

Of the local dishes, be sure to try:

• crispy pastries masalapapad;
• bhelpuri (fried rice porridge, noodles, corn with spices);
• chicken with curry sauce;
• pani puri (rice and potato pastry).
• Vegetarians will certainly appreciate the special sandwich - vada pav.

shopping

People come here for silk, jewelry, spices, incense and clothing. Products can be purchased in the markets:

• ChorBazaar;
• ZaveriBazaar;

Elephant Island has shops selling cheap souvenirs. Shops are also open in all areas.

Shopping centers include:

• Central Cottage Industries Emporium;

Products of all kinds are offered at affordable prices. Reviews of tourists say that you should bargain. Managed to bring down the price by almost half. It is recommended to go shopping in the morning. For the first buyers make a discount. In addition, goods in the market are not always cheaper. Before buying, find out how much the item costs in the store.

Entertainment

In addition to excursion programs and shopping, there are other entertainments.

Outdoor enthusiasts go to Shivaji Park. Bicycles, roller skates, scooters are offered for rent. Picnic areas are provided. Nearby is the famous aquarium. Here you can swim with seals and dolphins.

Beach lovers need to visit the coast. Tourists are offered a parachute flight, water equipment rental, you can just swim.

For new knowledge, go to the Nehru Center and Planetarium. These places are great for families with children.

The night metropolis is beautiful. It is full of discos and clubs for every taste. You don't have to look for clubs. Bright shop windows are visible throughout the district. Clubs and dance floors are open until the morning. Some nightclubs offer visitors to spend the evening playing roulette.

Transport

This is a great subway. It will appeal to Russian tourists, as the local metro is similar to Moscow. Branches are laid throughout the policy, and stops are equipped near the main attractions.

Taxi and rickshaw services are also available. Prices are moderate and depend on where the passenger needs to go.

Taxi drivers have a reputation for being scammers. You have to be careful and vigilant. The same goes for rickshaws. In addition, there are rickshaws only on the outskirts, in the center their activity is prohibited.

The ferry also works. Swimming to some of the sights. For example, to Elephant Island.

Best time to visit

To determine the time of your visit, think about why you are going there. Long walks to places of interest are best done in the period from late autumn to early spring. Then the heat will come, you won’t walk along the paved streets for a long time. But it is a great option for visiting museum sites and beaches.

In the rainy season, humidity is increased, it is stuffy, it rains. If you do not plan to walk around the metropolis, dedicate your trip to entertainment in closed establishments: visit the aquarium, shopping centers, religious sites.

Russian tourists will be more comfortable in the winter months. Cool weather will allow you to see historical monuments and enjoy national beauties.

Holiday prices

This trend has been very popular lately. Exotic, bright, with original traditions, rich culture attracts more and more tourists. Despite the popularity, the rest will become budgetary, if you take into account some features when traveling.