Botanical gardens in Copenhagen. Review: Botanical Garden (Denmark, Copenhagen) - Wonderful park

Autumn, November, dark gray day...
Rosenborg Castle closed its doors to visitors at exactly two o'clock. And in two hours it should have been completely dark.
Botanical Garden located next to the castle, across the road. And what a good fellow I am that I decided to look there!
First, I managed to get into the greenhouse, which closes at three o'clock.
And secondly, the place turned out to be surprisingly picturesque and quiet. After a rich tour of the castle, nature miraculously contributed to the restoration of strength.
I divided the photos taken in the botanical garden into two parts:

Part 1. Greenhouse

This post is about the greenhouse.

The general view was taken when the greenhouse was closed and artificial light turned on for tropical plants.
And at first, when I got there, the lighting was natural, but not enough for good photos.

The greenhouse was built in 1874 in the style of the Crystal Palace in London.
The Crystal Palace has long been gone, and the greenhouse of the Copenhagen Botanical Garden has been fully preserved to this day, it feels great and is used for its intended purpose.

On the plan of the Botanical Garden in 1874, it is easy to find.
It can be seen that this is a whole complex of greenhouses with a central volume covered by a large glass dome.

The whole complex is clearly visible on an old postcard.
Now there is no such type. All close tall trees.

And so, I come to the main entrance.
I go up the wide stairs and try to take pictures, without people (there are a lot of them, that's why such angles)))

Central light:

I enter.
There is a lot of humidity inside. So big that the lens fogged up.

Noticed that on old postcard spelled Palmehuset (palm house)?
Now there are not only palm trees.
Ficus, bamboo and many different tropical plants form dense thickets.
It would look like a jungle, if not for neat paths, signs, artificial streams and small sculptures.

It is especially interesting to look at all this riot from above.
For this, a circular metal bridge was made at the base of the central dome, to which two spiral staircases lead.

Going up one ladder...

They go down the other way.
This is important because the overhead view bridge is very narrow and movement in different directions is difficult.

From this bridge, you can see in detail the structures of the dome.
Visible curtains, which are provided to protect plants from too bright light, and a service ladder.

The service ladder is needed not only for "pulling" the curtains.
Glass structures require regular revision and repair.

You see, some kind of sensor hangs down. Only from this special ladder can you reach it.

I found an interesting photo on the Internet.
During the repair, scaffolding was put up and a platform was made under the very dome.
For plants that have left special holes above this site.

And at the level of the bridge, the plants come very close and sometimes braid it.

To get through, you have to lift branches or such huge leaves.

The leaves are the size of a double blanket.

The central dome is supported by cast-iron columns with graceful capitals.

As soon as I got down, they turned on the artificial light.

The photographs took on a warm tone.

All this meant that evening twilight was approaching and the conservatory would close soon.

I hurried to inspect the side sections. Here the plants are lower and much lighter.

The outermost section contains aquatic plants.

Fish and tadpoles swim in artificial reservoirs and streams, but they are not visible in the photographs.

Autumn even in the greenhouse is autumn.

Flowering is rather an accident, a mistake of nature.

Next to the Rosenborg park complex, there is another amazing garden - the Copenhagen Botanical Garden.

The only thing that distinguishes it from other gardens familiar to our eyes is that most of it is under the vaults of huge greenhouses, which is quite natural in the harsh local climate.

Of course, there are greenhouses in almost any botanical garden, but here their area is simply huge (more than 3000 sq. M). But the Danes have the opportunity to feel spring or summer all year round in this ever-blooming oasis.
The diversity of plant species may well be the envy of any tropical garden, there are palm trees and capricious orchids, rhododendrons and cacti.

The Botanical Garden of the Danish capital, among other things, is also the largest laboratory in which it is possible to preserve unique, rare plants. In confirmation of this, a huge collection of seedlings, seeds, a unique herbarium.
The building of the greenhouse itself is also unique. They say that the architects took the prototype of the Crystal Palace in London as the basis for the idea of ​​its creation. The greenhouse has a domed structure in the middle and large horizontal spans, quite high (I remind you that some types of palm trees grow there). The height of the greenhouse can be judged by the stairs leading to the main entrance.

In addition to the greenhouse itself, the rest of the park is quite normal, there is a pond, alleys with benches for relaxing.
And one more important thing, the garden is open only until 16.00 in winter, and until 18.00 in summer. The palm greenhouse is open from 10.00 to 15.00, but you can get into the cactus greenhouse only three days a week, on Wednesday, Saturday and Sunday, for only an hour from 13.00 to 14.00.

But the entrance to all the premises of the garden is completely free for everyone. Surprising for one of the most expensive countries in Europe.

The largest exposition of plants is presented in the garden. Moreover, there are both annual and perennial plants. Its total area is about 10 hectares. On the territory of about 3000 thousand square kilometers there is a huge glass greenhouse. This is a copy of London's Crystal Palace.

Over 13,000 species of plants are represented in this garden. From beautiful orchids to cacti. Endangered plant species are kept in a special closed pavilion. For those who want to see the plants with their own eyes, this can be done on Wednesdays, Saturdays and Sundays.

The entrance to the Botanical Garden in Denmark is free and it works around the clock on a summer and winter schedule. Photo and video shooting for tourists is allowed. But for video and photo shooting for various magazines and TV shows is prohibited. It is necessary to negotiate with the administration.

Botanical Garden

The Royal Conservatory is located on the premises. Its length is 94 meters, and the greenhouse is divided into 5 sectors, each of which has different climatic conditions. The greenhouse was built in 1872. And later, similar greenhouses began to open all over the world.

In the greenhouses of this garden, you can find both very beautiful plants and plants that look a little strange. In one greenhouse there are many butterflies that can be seen if you approach very quietly.

There are greenhouses in the garden, entry to which is prohibited. Representatives of the flora from Madagascar, orchids from Thailand, and representatives of the savannas live in them. All these plants are now under the threat of complete extinction. A few more structures cannot be visited due to various experiments being carried out in them. In the garden there are special lawns on which tourists can sit.

In general, the botanical garden in Denmark is very beautiful and diverse. It is visited by lovers of rare plant species, as well as those who simply like to admire nature in its original form. The uniqueness and naturalness is what attracts tourists to this place for many years.

The botanical garden is across the street from Rosenborg Castle. From railway station you can also walk to this area on foot through the University of Copenhagen, we got on the 6th bus, in fact, we got into the first one that came in about that direction. In any case, you will be approaching Rosenborg Castle. Geolocation has been enabled on the iPhone and google maps showed that we are going in the right direction. We made a scan on the bus and loaded the program from bus routes Copenhagen. And it became completely clear.
Our Copenhagen card ended at 13 o'clock, we decided to first take a walk in the Botanical Garden, and then go to the castle. The card was valid until 13-00 and it was important to enter the castle before 13, but you could stay in it as long as your heart desires.
There was some kind of warning sign at the entrance to the garden, but the employee allowed us to enter. We were not asked for a ticket. Probably March is not yet a paid season, and perhaps paid admission is only to greenhouses where tropical plants are presented. I can’t say that we were not interested in tropical plants at all, but due to limited time, we did not plan to examine them.
It was much more interesting to enjoy the plants that winter in the northern country, and that which blooms very first. The Alpine hill at our dacha is at the project stage, and a gardener friend gave certain parting words in this direction.

Rhododendrons at the end of March were already fragrant in all their glory. There are several types of rhododendrons, worker bees darted between us and flowering plants, we even managed to take one photo-mrdel. In my youth when I rode North Caucasus and Ossetia saw a lot of rhododendrons, but they did not bloom, I just imagined how beautiful it is there at the time of flowering. And the blooming rhododendrons were another pleasant surprise on this trip.
I captured the Alpine slides from all sides, except for the beautiful flowers, the nameplates also got into the frame, and this is exactly what pleased my husband, the pebbles have been waiting for a long time to go into action. Unexpectedly for me, my son also took a series of his pictures. I remember in Barcelona with him it was in gothic quarter in the Cathedral. While I was looking at the iconostasis, I took the iPhone for a few minutes, and in the evening I discovered a collection of excellent photos.
In the garden, I saw flowering trees, the existence of which in nature I did not even suspect, although the biology teacher gave me to the mathematics teacher for the Olympiads with great difficulty, the Olympiads in these subjects were held on the same day.

The son asked what it was and plants and had to come closer and read with a smart look. What an amazing and beautiful life! So much more room for improvement.
I think that in April the botanical garden in Copenhagen is especially good when most of the trees and bushes bloom.
In the city park next to the botanical garden, we found such an unusual tree.

Children part with their sweets at his place. In Legoland, I saw a chest with a pirate. In which the baby puts her pacifiers, saying goodbye to them. So I imagine the picture - where is the wasteland? Uncle Pirate took! I think there is some legend about the tree. If anyone knows, write in the comments!

Denmark, Copenhagen

The first botanical garden of the University of Copenhagen - Hortus Medicus - was founded on August 2, 1600 on Skidenstraede (now Krystalgade) - one of the streets of the Danish capital. The King of Denmark and Norway, Christian IV, ordered to allocate a small area of ​​land belonging to the royal family, which previously housed the Zoological Museum, for the laying of the garden. For one of the professors of the university, who worked on the selection of rare cereal plants, watched the garden and put it in order, a residential house was built in the garden.

For a century this garden existed without any financial investment in its development. They simply weren't provided for until, in 1696, the gardener, Rasmus Caspar Bartholin, founded the Gardener's Wages Fund. One of the outstanding people of his time, Ole Worm (1588-1654), in the 1620s tried to reform education in the disciplines of medicine and botany and drew up a plan for the development of a botanical garden, but the implementation of his plans was very slow. In 1621, Worm personally took over the management of the abandoned garden, planted many local medicinal plants, and also brought in rare specimens from abroad, which was facilitated by business contacts abroad.

The second botanical garden of the University of Copenhagen was founded in 1752 by the German-Danish botanist Georg Christian Eder (Georg Christian Oeder) by order of King Frederick V. The garden is located in the new urban area of ​​Frederiksstad (Frederiksstaden). The central street of Copenhagen Amaliegade divided the garden into two parts, the western part occupied 0.41 hectares, and the unused eastern part - 0.91 hectares. In the western part, which was never completed, there was a greenhouse, opened to the public in 1763. Eder became the first official director of the garden. To enhance the garden's scientific and economic value, he began work on Flora Danica, an illustrated catalog of all Danish and Norwegian plants.

The garden began to fully function in 1769, when King Christian VII (Christian VII) invested 2,500 Danish dollars in the development of the University and part of these funds went to restore the garden. The next year, the King allowed part of the botanical garden to be attached to the University, because. it became obvious that there was simply nowhere to plant plants in the garden.

In 1778, the King bought the territory of the garden, but provided a modest plot of land near the Charlottenborg Palace for the laying of a new botanical garden. The project for the third botanical garden of the University was approved by the King on July 22, 1778. The leadership of the garden was shared between Christian Friis Rottboll (C.F. Rottboll), elected by the City University, and Johan Theodor Holmskjold, appointed by the King. The "dual power" continued until 1917, then the fundamental documents were changed and the garden began to be managed by autocracy.

The director of the third botanical garden (Charlottenborg Garden), which covered an area of ​​1.6 acres (0.65 ha) in lowland wetlands, was appointed Danish botanist Jens Wilken Hornemann (Jens Wilken Hornemann). The main building of the garden overlooked the Nyhavn Canal, and the Botanical Museum and administration were located in its northern wing. On the top floor was the city library, which later became known as the Botanical Garden Library. The southern wing was used to preserve heat-loving plants in winter. The first greenhouse, Guiones Koldhus, was built in 1784. Investments of the royal family made it possible to build in 1803 a shed greenhouse, divided into sections, each with an area of ​​96 sq.m. In 1837, the construction of additional greenhouses began, which lasted several years.

The sale of plants and seeds was a well-known practice among European botanical gardens of the time. Inspired by the idea of ​​earning extra income, Professor F. Schouw wanted to follow the example of his colleagues. However, in 1841 the garden was forbidden to engage in this type of commercial activity.

During its existence, Charlottenborg Botanical Garden has implemented several successful projects. In 1770, the first independent printed edition of the Botanical Gardener appeared. In 1778, the administration of the garden hired Professor Martin Weil (M. Vahl) to work on its development. He moved plants from two old gardens in Charlottenborg, and later established his authority in the botanical community with the release of a catalog of plants growing in the garden. With the advent of the printed edition, the formation of the Office of Taxonomy began, which has been operating for 200 years.

Another person of that time deserves to be mentioned - the gardener F.L. Holboel (F.L. Holboell), who looked after the garden from 1793 to 1829. He personally wrote several books describing the plants of the botanical garden, and also compiled the first catalog of seeds, which was then constantly updated.

J.F. Shaw (J.F. Schouw) served as director of the garden from 1841 to 1852. During this time, some significant changes took place, including the annual updating and reprinting of seed catalogs and the establishment of a new section of the garden dedicated to native species, of which there were a total of 570.

By that time, the conditions for the development of the collection in the Charlottenborg garden had become limited, and, already from 1842, it became necessary to move the garden to another place.

The fourth botanical garden of the University of Copenhagen was created in accordance with the published Regulations establishing its boundaries of July 6, 1867, in which it was determined that an area of ​​​​more than 11.6 hectares should be allocated for the garden. After property rights issues were settled, the Government introduced a budget line item for 1871-1872, providing the University with $35,000 to develop land on the site of the eastern fortifications that had hitherto surrounded the city.

Landscape designer H. Flindt presented the project for the future garden and surrounding area, while head gardener Tyge Rothe and entrepreneur J.K. Jacobsen (J. C. Jacobsen) planned and coordinated the construction of the greenhouse (1872-1874). The architect of the Palm Greenhouse was Peter Christian Bonnecke. The conservatory was an impressive structure, especially by the standards of the time, and was made of wood, glass and wrought iron over an area of ​​2,400 sq.m.

The garden was opened on October 9, 1874, 274 years after the founding of the first Hortus Medicus botanical garden. It suffered unfortunate cuts in area due to the construction of the nearby Technical University (1904-1905) and later the Department of Biology (1955-1957). On October 9, 1905, as compensation, the garden was allowed to lease the adjacent territory from the Soelvgade street, but with the condition that the main route will pass across the garden from the main entrance to the gate that overlooks this street. The new area was used for growing perennials and was further expanded in 1963. Now one of the most interesting collections of the garden is assembled here. When the garden celebrated its centenary in 1974, the city authorities announced that he could lease the land for life, ie. for an unlimited period.

Despite all efforts to preserve the historical appearance of the garden, after certain time there was a need to move flower beds to more favorable areas for the growth and development of plants in the garden. Garden architects and landscape designers planned the road and path network to promote exploration and ease planting care.

In the 1960s it became obvious that the garden buildings and greenhouses were outdated, and many even collapsed. Over the next many years, they were periodically updated and restored. Over time, all the greenhouses were either rebuilt or rebuilt. The designers paid special attention to the restoration of the Palm Greenhouse (1980-1982). In 1959, 1973 and 1980, arctic, alpine and low-temperature greenhouses appeared in the garden, and three experimental greenhouses were built in 1963 and 1980. One of them, paired with an alpine greenhouse, was donated by the Carlsberg Foundation for the centenary of the garden.

In 1975, the House of the Chief Gardener was transformed into an administrative office building, and the reconstruction of the Palm Greenhouse led to the fact that a new central heating station appeared with workshops for gardeners, and the engine room turned into a warehouse for tools and equipment.

Evergreen trees and shrubs do not tolerate the conditions of the city and often fall out, so back in 1904 it was decided to create their own nursery in the garden. Subsequently, several arboretums with a total area of ​​5.4 hectares appeared here, including the Christiansminde nursery, founded in 1971.

Since 1874, with the support of the City Development Department, the garden has been research work. In order to protect the garden from attempts to take away its lands, on January 31, 1977, a resolution was adopted to consider the territory of the garden to be specially protected. The existing botanical garden, as well as areas that may be annexed in the future, are included in the Declaration of Conservation and Protection, which guarantees the garden's long-term prosperity.