Work with tourists (continued)

Always carefully weigh what you say. Use reputable sources, double-check the information several times. Even if incorrect information is often found, it does not become correct from this and there is no need to tell tourists about it. As sources of information, scientific lectures, specialized museum publications, local history magazines, books written by historians are preferred. Television, newspapers, magazines, the Internet are in last place, because. unverified or distorted information predominates there.

What the "tour" created on the basis of stories, fictions, TV shows and modern books turns into, you can read here:
" Night excursions are one of the favorite summer entertainments of bored citizens and curious guests of the capital, which was confirmed by a full house last night. Your humble could not help but poke his nose into this industry, grabbing a notebook for barley) I single out nonsense in italics, I comment offtopic. Since we were driving away from Sukharevskaya, the Sukharevskaya tower that previously stood there was the first to suffer from the guide’s fantasy:

When building a story, do not forget that in the group there are people who perceive information differently: most, of course, are visuals, but there are also kinesthetics and auditory. Therefore, when describing objects, use words that characterize not only the width and volume of the house, but also the bright color of the stained-glass windows, the rustle of leaves near the house, the irregularities of the bricks in the masonry. There are people for whom it is enough to look at the monument, and there are those who need to touch and feel it to get acquainted with the object.

The guide only transmits information taken from trusted sources. He does not express his own opinion, much less impose it. People go to rest, to learn something new, but not to receive moral instruction or initiation into any religion. There should be no pressure or aggression in the tone of the conversation. People feel it, and then the trip turns into torture, into the imposition of an opinion.

"As a professional historian, I know very well how to captivate the audience with the most interesting stories on historical topics. For my lectures, I prepared dozens of examples so that the lecture presented under the recording would not be too "dry" and academic, so that the audience would be interested. Here, it is not required at all prepare material at the level of lectures.It is enough to know the basic facts and tell stories on this topic, since there are more than enough of them.
This is what happens abroad. In addition to the fact that the general level of knowledge of guides is an order of magnitude higher than in Moscow travel agencies, no one is trying to teach tourists about life, to preach their religious views and political views to them. Perhaps this is due to the fact that a slightly different contingent gets on excursions there. Although I can’t say that people who have never seen anything in their lives and have never been abroad travel on local routes. But why is the level of guides "for export" much higher than the level of "home-grown"?
We drove back without a guide, avoiding a rather boring lecture about his religious views mixed with leavened patriotism. And I don’t envy the part of the group with which he stayed, despite the fact that they had the opportunity to just walk around this incredible city...."

Tell interestingly, with expression, exciting:
"... we were taken on an excursion to Lomonosov. The guide spoke so tediously that I wanted to hang myself! It's just torture."
"... during the guide's story about the defense and surrender of Odessa, the men cried (really wiped their tears)"

If you have to lead a tour in the temple, you need to get permission (blessing) from the priest in advance. If you received it, do not forget that the story must be conducted in a relatively quiet voice, without disturbing the believers in the temple. A loud voice in a temple is inappropriate. It is also worth remembering that they do not stand with their backs to the altar, to the icons. You can stand sideways to them or slightly to the side, forming a triangle with the group.

The story should be interesting, comprehensive and not turn into a dry description of the facts. For example, if you pass by an enterprise, a TV tower, Mosfilm, a botanical garden - tell us what interesting excursions there are, how you can get on them, how to get here.

"Yes, this is the misfortune of many storytellers and guides: they do not always understand that the interlocutors may be interested in the reasons for unusual (illogical) technical solutions, and not just the history of creation"

"We were on a tour of Minsk on July 25. I liked Minsk very much, but the guide Margarita did not. The tour was not informative, only dry historical facts, dates. Margarita herself was languishing from the heat and constantly complained that she was ill."

Speak slowly enough with expression. The pace of speech and its presentation should be such that you want to listen, so that you can remember and understand what you hear. Otherwise it might look like this:

"... I was just stunned. Not only did my brain not have time to digest the information, it simply did not perceive some :-) The guide spoke very quickly, very self-confidently, not always coherently, and such things that contradict school textbooks (in particular - on the formation of St. Petersburg)"

"... the guide, a young girl, a student, very carefully and to the point told about the city and the legends of the city. At the end of the tour, applause was heard on the bus, the guide and the driver were somewhat embarrassed. :) And we didn’t even want to leave them"

Summarize what you see, sum up what has been said. This will help tourists to better remember and understand what they saw.

"I was convinced that a guide is still needed, because he structures what he saw and heard."

If they try to interrupt you with a question in the middle of the story, do not pay attention. When you finish the story, you can turn to the person, ask him to repeat his question.

If during the story something sudden happens around that distracts the attention of people (for example, a wedding procession, dogs, squirrels), it is worth pausing a little and then continuing.

When building a story, speak from the general to the specific. First, tell us where we are, what surrounds us, and then proceed to describe a specific object. You cannot start the story right away with some story that happened in a certain house. People simply do not understand what kind of house they are talking about, where to look and where they are in general.

Use logical transitions. Don't jump from fact to fact. A bunch of little information nobody needs. Fragmentary information is digested with difficulty.

When you say important information, give a link to the sources. Otherwise, your speech may be considered unfounded or fiction.

It is clear that it is difficult after the 300th or 1000th time to speak as if for the first time. But still, the opinion of people and the emotions they received about the walk depend on your acting talent, inspiration.

"And most of all I remember the guides, which are included in the price of tickets, and I listened to lectures from three. They tell so vividly, with soul and in colors! I even started recording the last, third female guide"

The guide is an organizer, but not a driver of people. If you work in a group all day, it would be appropriate to warn everyone before starting the trip that at the exits you first tell interesting things for 5-10 minutes, and then - free time. Because people are often nervous, they look at you - they worry that they will not have time to take photos and buy souvenirs. It is important to give them time for this. Otherwise it might look like this:

"I was in Kostroma 1 time, on an excursion. A terrible impression was left - the cold of a dog, although the rest of the boat trip was kept warm. The tour was crumpled, the guide was a loud nervous aunt, commanded a lot, told little."

Do not keep people in one place for a long time. 10 minutes is enough. Then people get distracted, worried that they won’t have time to take pictures, and in cold weather they freeze.

Don't wave your arms around pointlessly, track your gestures. With hand movements, you direct the eyes of tourists, helping them not only to look, but also to see.

When communicating with people, do not use excessively dark sunglasses. People should see your eyes, this is respect. If the sun interferes a lot, a wide-brimmed hat will help.

Depending on the position of the sun, during the story, position the people so that the sun does not hit them in the eyes. If the weather is hot - put the group in the shade, if it's cold, on the contrary, choose a sunny, wind-sheltered place.

If lunch is planned on the route, do not forget that the guide sits down to eat last. First, he must check all the tables - how people were seated, whether everyone has enough cutlery, what exactly was served to tourists (compare with the information of the travel agency). If you are traveling by bus, make sure that the driver is also fed. Tour guides, drivers, managers dine at a separate table from tourists.

Let's get the amount of information that people can absorb. No need to overload them with unnecessary facts, abstract topics and specific terms. Take small breaks. They are necessary for the understanding and assimilation of information.

How much do you have to say to the tour guide? For example, the tour is designed for 6 hours. If this is a walk around the city, then the guide says 6 astronomical hours. If outside the city - 6 academic, i.e. every 45 minutes he has the right to take a break for 15 minutes. On the way back, the guide, as a rule, does not speak. Tourists at this time are resting, someone is sleeping, someone is sharing their impressions with a neighbor, someone is listening to music.

Sometimes on excursions there are people who lack communication. They ask questions they don't need answers to. They need time and attention. If you have the opportunity, give it to them.

If a tourist expresses his point of view on the information provided and tells a lie, do not argue with him. Everyone has the right to be wrong. Your task is to give knowledge, and to assimilate it is the personal work of everyone. Maybe he will, maybe not, it's voluntary.

If you had a country bus tour and you are returning back, warn the tourists in advance that the bus follows without intermediate stops to the starting point of the tour. People should be informed about this in advance. Otherwise, at the entrance to the city by bus, a procession of "walkers" will be arranged to the driver and everyone will ask to stop him there. Such situations often make drivers nervous. After all, a tour bus is not a taxi, and the driver should not drop groups of people here and there, slowing down, changing lanes and wasting time. The tour guide also monitors the trip time. At the end of the tour, he must document the time the bus stopped when the last tourist left it. Otherwise, the travel company will overpay for the bus transfer time.

At the end of the tour, remind the tourists that you can answer their questions. And there are usually a lot of questions.

The guide tries to make the walk interesting, filled with reliable information. Moreover, it is presented in such a way that tourists understand and remember a lot. They gain knowledge and the opportunity for further reflection and, perhaps, independent reading and walks. It's great when the work of one person encourages you to find interesting things in new objects.

At the end of the tour, be sure to sum up - tell briefly where you have been, what you have seen. Thank your colleagues for organizing the walk and the tourists for their attention. This is usually followed by applause :) Your reward for a job well done.

PLAN-SUMMARY OF THE MASTER CLASS

"HOW TO PREPARE AND CONDUCT A TOUR IN THE MUSEUM"

Target: familiarization of teachers with the main aspects of work experience

on organizing and conducting excursions in the school museum of local lore.

Master class objectives:

Transfer your experience by direct and commented showing the sequence of actions, methods, techniques and forms of pedagogical activity;

Joint development of methodological approaches and techniques for solving the problem;

Create an emotional positive attitude towards business cooperation, stimulate the activity of participants through the inclusion of teachers in the work in subgroups;

Reflection of their own professional skills by the participants of the master class.

Equipment: multimedia installation, museum exhibits, texts, documents, handouts.

Plan

Organizational and motivational stage (induction)

Experience Presentation

Creating a problem situation

Simulation (simulated game)

Physical education minute

Advertising

Summarizing

Reflection

Master class progress

Organizational and motivational stage

Welcome to the workshop participants.

Theme announcement.

Joint goal setting.

What needs to be done to prepare and conduct a tour of the museum?

As an epigraph for today's meeting, I chose a poem

"Free Talk":
- Let's talk?- About what?- About different things and other things.- About what's good- And not very well.- You know something.

- And I know something.- Let's talk?- Let's talk.- Suddenly it will be interesting.

II . Experience Presentation

This is our 1st lesson, in which we will get acquainted with the local history museum of secondary school No. 1, its sections. You have the visiting cards of the museum on your tables. During a correspondence excursion to our school museum of local lore, you will get to know it in more detail.

( Presentation about the school local history museum of the State Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 1 of Starye Dorogi named after the Hero of the Soviet Union F.F. Kulikov" ).

Creating a problem situation

And now it's time to set the task of our meeting. In the course of your work, we will select guides, researchers, journalists, those without whom it is impossible to imagine the activities of any museum.

Before going on a tour, I want to treat you and invite you to our museum. (Participants are asked to choose a candy)

Now I will ask you to take a seat at the table that matches the color of your section.

We are not in our museum, but you have a unique opportunity to visit it not only virtually through a presentation, but also to really see, evaluate and work with the exhibits with the help of a mobile museum - "Museum in a Suitcase". What do you think can fit in such a small suitcase??

I want to invite you to learn together how to evaluate a museum exhibit, give it characteristics and talk about it. After all, it is not for nothing that there is a saying: “Things speak!”

Participants of the master class are invited to work together with the master.

Without studying to the end, it is impossible to judge the subject as a whole. Your attention is invited to one of the exhibits of our school museum of local lore - a glitch (vessel). Our task is to describe it and find out where, when, by whom, what it was used for and what material was used to make it. We must apply the information received in order to compose the text of the excursion and conduct it.

Modeling

(Group work)

I. There are museum exhibits, documents, texts on the tables.

Each group needs:

1. Compose a story showing the exhibit with explanations (for journalists)

2. Get acquainted with archival documents and draw a conclusion (for researchers)

3. Based on the proposed text, conduct a tour of your section (for guides)

1 group ( Starodozhina Literary) (books by Starodozhina authors: K.Tsvirko, A.Usenya)

2 group (There was a people's war) (cap, letters from the front)

3 group (Folk crafts) (belt, pottery bowl)

4 group (Matulya-school) (pen with inkwell, petition to open a school)

5 group (Land of Starodorozhsky) (the book "Old Roads", a stone with a hole (tool) 2-1 thousand BC).

Physical education minute

Advertising

(Presentation of group work of master class participants)

Summarizing

1 . Upon completion of the work, each is awarded the title:

guide,

researcher,

journalist.

2. Joint practical work

The emblem of the local history circle. In order to keep memories of visiting various interesting places in their memory for a long time, people usually acquire objects with the image of any objects of the area they have visited. Together with you, we will collect the emblem of our educational institution. Assembling the emblem of the high school from the mosaic

№ 1. Each group has a puzzle piece on the table for a single drawing.(We glue it on a large Whatman paper).

So I think that after our master class you have an idea of ​​what the work of a museum worker is. After your own attempts to describe the exhibit, compose a story about it and apply it during the tour, you will remember it for a long time.

Reflection

Game "Suitcase of WISHES"

To each participant in turn: all the participants of the group at parting collect a “suitcase of wishes”, putting in it the exhibits with which they worked. Everyone speaks out and necessarily expresses his admiration for the positive aspects of the personality and formulates his wishes.

What did you get from the master class?

Were your hopes justified?

Thank you very much for your work.

One thing is undeniable:

Even if you don't go out into the white light,

And in the field outside the outskirts, -

While you are following someone,

The road will not be remembered.

But wherever you go

And what a mess

The road that he was looking for

Forever will not be forgotten.

I want you to pass everything you hear through your heart, then everything will work out for you.

Clay

Tapered at the top, wide, rounded at the bottom

satisfies.

Milk storage

School Museum No. 1, section: folk crafts Clay

Tapered to the top, wide rounded bottom

satisfies.

Milk storage

Clay

satisfies.

Milk storage

Museum of Secondary School No. 1, section: folk

trades

Clay

Tapered at the top, wide, rounded at the bottom

satisfies.

Milk storage

Clay

Tapered at the top, wide, rounded at the bottom

satisfies.

Milk storage

Clay

Narrow, self-woven from colored threads

satisfies.

Wearing clothes

Clay

wide round shape

satisfies.

For food

Glass, metal pen

Pen with handle, square ink bottle with pen stand

satisfies.

Writing texts

paper

letter

Copy

school opening

Book

"Old Drogs"

paper

Book with illustrations of the city

satisfies.

Exploring the history of the city

A rock

Stone with a hole inside for a handle

satisfies.

Skin processing

Stone tool: to.II- earlyI1000 BC, Levki village, Starodorozhsky district, during field work of students

Book "Old Roads": a gift from a history teacher Stanilevich I.M.

Letter of request to open a school:

Pen with inkwell: to.XIX- earlyXXcentury, student gift

Pottery bowl: to.XIX- earlyXXcentury, a gift to the museum from a local resident of the village of Starye Dorogi

Belt woven: earlyXXcentury, a gift to the museum from a local resident of the village of Zaluzhye

Cap:

Letters from the front:

K. Tsvirko:

A. Usenya:

* Calculations use average data for Russia

49 000 ₽

Starting investments

121 500 ₽

81 000 ₽

Net profit

2 months

Payback period

City walking tours are a leisure activity that allows you to delve deeper into the history of the streets. In the business plan, we will consider excursions with performance elements that can bring from 80 thousand rubles.

1. PROJECT SUMMARY

This business plan deals with a project to provide walking tours in a city with a population of more than 1 million people. The project is holding events in the format of “excursion + street performance”. The financial resources required to start the project will amount to 49 thousand rubles. and will be used for the purchase of excursion equipment, the creation of presentation materials, the purchase of actors' costumes and stage attributes.

The projected amount of revenue per month for one excursion per week and the participation of 15 tourists in it will be 121.5 thousand rubles, net profit is 81.5 thousand rubles. The financial plan is designed for a three-year period of activity. After that, it is planned to expand the types of excursions and update the program of events. The project will require a preparatory phase for a period of 3 months, necessary for writing a script, conducting test tours and rehearsals, as well as creating advertising products and pre-filling social networks.

Table 1. Key indicators of the project

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY AND COMPANY

City walking tours are a growing type of tour that allows participants to delve deeper into the history of the streets, explore objects and imagine being part of past events. Unlike bus tours, they allow for more maneuverable routes and give participants a logical and consistent visual experience. The length of such routes usually does not exceed 6 kilometers, while the duration is no more than 3 hours.

From the point of view of organization, walking tours require much less financial and time costs, since there is no need to conclude an agreement with a transport company, coordinate the driving time with the driver, and adjust the tour route to the rules of the road. At the same time, creating a walking route requires a more thoughtful scenario. Display objects should be fairly close to each other. Tourists need physical readiness, and the guide needs the ability to keep pace and prompt those who lag behind the group in time. A feature of the excursion business in major cities such as Moscow and St. Petersburg is a high level of competition. In other million-plus cities and regional centers with a population of less than a million inhabitants, the competition is not so significant, but it is quite difficult to immediately stand out against the background of existing proposals.

This project proposes the organization of events, the format of which will combine an excursion with a thematic performance on the theme of the history of the city. The choice of this format was due to high competition among the organizers of excursions. On the one hand, such an event will require a lot of time and money to organize, on the other hand, if well positioned, it will attract public attention and can become one of the landmark cultural events in the city. The project will be implemented on its own on the basis of the organizer's knowledge of the history of the city and interest in local history, the presence of some skills in this area, a certificate of completion of courses for guides, as well as personal connections with creative personalities of the city who will be involved in the performance in as partners.

3. DESCRIPTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES

At the initial stage, two scenarios of excursions will be developed, each of which will include a small 30-minute street performance on the theme of the excursion. The duration of one of the events will be 3 hours, the other - 2 hours 30 minutes. The cost of participation will be divided for children and adults (see Table 2). The cost was determined taking into account the analysis of competitors' offers. Thus, the cost of a regular walking tour in the regions varies from 400 to 650 rubles, the cost of bus tours or excursions with any additional services, including a quest, a coffee break, etc., ranged from 1,100 to 1,500 rubles. Thus, 800-950 rubles is, with one, a more expensive option compared to ordinary excursions, but at the same time more profitable against the background of similar offers.

Table 2. Description of goods and services

We also note that at the start of the project, it is planned to conduct two or three free excursions to draw attention to the project, when the excursionists themselves determine the level of remuneration for the guide. In addition, audio and photo materials offered by the guide during the tour, incentive prizes for activity during the tour (badges, souvenirs, key rings, etc.) will be available to the tourists free of charge.

4. SALES AND MARKETING

The target audience of the project will be, on the one hand, an age audience that is actively interested in the history of the city (mainly women aged 35-40 years), on the other hand, creative youth from 18 to 30 years old, as well as tourists and guests of the city. The process of organizing sales and advertising will require the implementation of several stages.

Preparatory stage. At this stage, two months before the start of sales, pages are created on the social networks Vkontakte, Odnoklassniki and Instagram, which are planned to be used as main stream generators during the main period of work. Communities are filled with thematic content on the history of the city, a preliminary selection of the target audience is made, advertising messages are published about a set of free trial tours. A one-page website is being created with basic information about the cost, time of excursions, route and contacts for pre-booking. Advertising templates are created and advertisements are printed.

First stage. Two or three free tours are held, during which photographs are taken, feedback from participants is collected, and gaps in the organization that have arisen along the way are eliminated. If possible, the attention of the Internet media and television is attracted. Further, advertising posts are published in popular groups of the city in social networks. There is an active distribution of advertisements in places visited by tourists.

Main stage. Current advertising activity using all available channels to reach the target audience. At the same time, contacts are being established with the heads of museums, cultural and entertainment institutions, anti-cafes, which can advertise on their own sites, and announcements are being distributed. As additional channels for the influx of customers can also be used:

own blog of the guide on the history of the city;

partnership with travel companies with the transfer of clients for a percentage;

partnership with tourist information centers (transfer of clients for a percentage, placement of advertisements or business cards).

Earn up to
200 000 rub. a month, having fun!

2020 trend. Intelligent entertainment business. Minimum investment. No additional deductions or payments. Turnkey training.

Table 3 presents the approximate costs for advertising purposes in the main period of work. It is planned to organize filling the content of groups in social networks and updating information on the site on our own. Applications for participation in the tour will be accepted by phone, payment will be collected by the organizer before the start of the event. In the future, it is planned to use special services (timepad and others).

5. PRODUCTION PLAN

At the initial stage, excursions-performances are planned to be organized once a week - on Saturdays or Sundays, in the daytime. To create performances, it will be necessary to hire actors from among the volunteers of the acting circle at one of the city's universities. The cast will include five regular cast members and three people who either play bit parts or are called in as replacements. To start the activity, you will need to purchase the necessary stage and excursion equipment. Expenses for these purposes will amount to about 39.2 thousand rubles.

Table 4. List of required equipment and inventory

When conducting one excursion per week, taking into account the participation of 10 adult tourists in it, with an average check of 900 rubles, the monthly revenue will be 81 thousand rubles. This plan is planned to be followed during the first year of operation. The plan for the second year of work will be 15 participants per tour, i.e. 121.5 thousand rubles per month In the future, with an increase in the number of participants and the organization of two excursions per week, the planned revenue can be increased by one and a half to two times.

6. ORGANIZATIONAL PLAN

The project will require a preparatory period of 3 months, during which the tour route is created, the script for performances is created, rehearsals are organized, actors are selected, etc. Unlike many countries of the world in Russia, a license for the provision of excursion services is not required. In order for activities to be carried out within the legal framework, only registration of an individual entrepreneur is necessary. OKVED activity codes:

• 79.90.2 Activities for the provision of excursion tourism services
• 79.90.22 Activities of independent guides and guides for the provision of excursion tourism services.

The term for processing documents for registration of IP will be 3 days. State duty - 800 rubles. The most appropriate taxation system for this type of business is simplified, where the object of taxation is 6% income.

Documents for business on walking tours:

Here is a list of documents required for conducting activities within the legal framework:

contract for services, where all offers of excursions, their obligations and those points for which the company is not responsible will be indicated;

job description for employees. It describes in detail the job responsibilities for each position and the action plan in the event of an emergency situation;

contracts with employees. Not necessarily according to the Labor Code, but the contractual basis must be fixed;

for employees (preferably) - a document that confirms the status of a teacher of history / culture / philology, etc. or the right to engage in tourism business.

Additionally, it is necessary to draw up a memo for customers, rules for safe behavior on the route and a list of possible sources of danger that you may encounter. Also, in some cases, tour guides require accreditation. For example, to conduct excursions, foreigners need a special state-issued permit.

The project team

The project team will include two organizers and simultaneously performers of the project in the person of the guide and the head of the theater troupe, as well as the actors themselves.

Guide. This is a person with a historical or philological education, who knows English, is fond of local history and the history of the city, has a certificate of passing guide courses from a specialized training center that trains personnel for the tourism industry. Personal qualities: sociability, competent speech, good voice, creativity and resourcefulness, talent as a teacher and psychologist, patience.

Theater troupe leader. He has experience as a director in a student theater, the talent of an organizer, advertiser, designer.

Actors. A group of actors of eight people (five regular actors, three on a stand-in), participants in major theater competitions, city performances, a troupe at the student theater. Actors will be paid 500 rubles per performance. Based on the experience of similar projects, it is recommended to select a reserve troupe for all roles (in case of illness of the actors, absence from rehearsals/performance for family or other reasons, etc.).

7. FINANCIAL PLAN

The financial plan takes into account all the income and expenses of the project. Starting investments in the project will amount to 49 thousand rubles. The expenses of the main period of work will include the remuneration of the actors - 22,500 rubles, the cost of advertising and promotion of the project. A detailed financial plan of the project, taking into account tax deductions, is given in Appendix 1.

Table 5. Investment costs of the project

	NAME	AMOUNT, rub.
Equipment and inventory
	Excursion equipment
	Performance equipment
Intangible assets
	Registration of IP
	Flyer printing
	Funds for paying actors (for the first 2 excursions)

Table 6. Expenses of the main period

8. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

Thanks to minimal investment, the project is able to pay off already in the second month from the start of sales of excursions. The annual turnover of the project in the first year will be 972 thousand rubles, net profit - 521.8 thousand rubles. Profitability - 53%. Annual turnover in the second year - 1458 thousand rubles, net profit - 978.2 thousand rubles, profitability - 67%.

9. RISKS AND WARRANTY

The project will require minimal investment in opening, there are no costs for rent and binding to any real estate and material values ​​(the product is intellectual and acting work), and therefore all financial risks are minimal. Most of the possible difficulties can be associated with internal problems - errors in the organization, incorrect promotion, incorrect presentation of information by excursionists, etc. These risks are prevented, firstly, through careful preparatory work, which should include writing a high-quality script for the excursion and the performance, and their test “running”. Secondly, a competent market analysis is important: monitoring of all existing offers in the field, analysis of the pricing and advertising policies of competitors, their methods of smoothing the seasonality factor, and so on. The key factor for the main period will be work on improving the quality of services, expanding the list of services, providing feedback from customers and advertising.

There are also external risk factors - competition, an unfavorable situation in the country's economy, affecting the solvency of the population and forcing them to give up leisure, and so on. To minimize these factors, it is necessary to promote high-quality promotion from the first days of the project’s existence, and in the future, gaining status and recognition of the event as a significant cultural event of the city, which is attended by representatives of medium and large companies and which is actively advised to tourists and guests of the city.

6214 people are studying this business today.

For 30 days this business was interested in 328933 times.

Profitability calculator for this business

Excursion, as we have already found out, is both a way of relaxation and a method of learning new information. In connection with such a two-sidedness, special methodological techniques are being developed for conducting an excursion. The main emphasis in the tour is on the show, on introducing the sightseers to objects that are new to them, on brief comments on the show.

When conducting an excursion, the following general methodological techniques are used: the reception of the main display, the reception of a preliminary inspection, the reception of a mental reconstruction of the excursion object, the reception of a mental reconstruction of the historical background, the reception of comparison, the reception of abstraction, the reception of discussion, the reception of reporting, the reception of complicity, the reception of personification, the reception of a problem situation , retreat technique, attention activation technique, use of visual aids from the “guide’s portfolio”, display and characterization of the object in the direction of the bus, panoramic display, brief description of the display object, brief information about a unique historical or natural object, a detailed description of the features of the object, explanations and comments during the tour, the inclusion of vivid quotes in the story, taking pauses, answering the questions of the tourists.

When designing an excursion, the guide should take into account that:

o the maximum number of objects that adult tourists can perceive is 30, children - no more than 15; o the maximum time for a continuous excursion story is 15 minutes for adults and 10 minutes for children;

o maximum display time of one excursion object - 4 minutes;

o for every hour of the guide's story, a 10-minute pause is possible.

Methodical methods of conducting, their use and features depend on: the form of conducting, the content and subject of the excursion, the composition of the group, the venue, the method of movement.

1. The choice of methodological techniques depending on the form of the excursion. The form of the excursion (informative excursion, excursion-conversation, excursion-game, excursion-walk, excursion-performance, etc.) significantly affects the possibility and necessity to use certain methodological techniques.

On the most common cognitive excursion (previously called educational), almost all methods are used, their use and alternation depend on other decisive factors.

In an excursion-conversation (most often this form is used for conducting an individual excursion), the methods of the main display, comparisons, abstraction, brief comments, and answers to the questions of the tourists will be optimal.

In an excursion-game, most often conducted for younger students, vivid comparisons, activation of the imagination, a panoramic display, the inclusion of additional display objects (films, computer videos, archaeological finds) will help to keep the attention of children.

During an excursion-walk, in order to keep the attention of children, the guide tries to influence not only visual and auditory sensations, but also tactile ones. For example, sightseers are given the task of collecting a small herbarium, finding a fossil on their own, etc.

2. The choice of methodological techniques depending on the composition of the group. As you know, the most inquisitive groups are middle-aged schoolchildren and adults. Student participants have low attention.

In children's groups, it is advisable to use the techniques of the main display, brief comments, techniques of comparison and mental reconstruction; at the same time, it is undesirable to pause often and for a long time, because of which the concentration of attention is weakened.

In adult groups, in addition to the main show and a more detailed story, the methods of abstraction, historical reconstruction, complicity, reporting, and personification are used. In individual adult groups, it is optimal to use the method of conversation and the reception of comments during the show.

An experienced guide always “feels” his group and, depending on their mood, intellectual preparation and other factors, applies certain methodological techniques.

3. The choice of methodological techniques depending on the place of the excursion. An excursion in the city does not require any special methodological techniques, while a country excursion is carried out according to its own laws. In this case, it is best to use the methods of comparison, reporting, problem situation, panoramic display.

In museum excursions with the use of expositions, the best will be a combination of display and story techniques, a technique for mentally creating a historical background, a personification technique, and an explanation technique.

When conducting a thematic tour in an open-air museum, the methods of the main display, comments on objects, brief explanations, abstraction techniques, reporting, and the method of providing brief information about the uniqueness of a particular exhibit will be optimal.

4. The choice of methodological techniques depending on the mode of movement. It is clear that a bus tour without getting off the bus will be very different from a regular walking tour or museum tour.

Regarding the bus tour with stops at certain places, clear rules have been developed that regulate boarding the bus, showing and telling along the way, exiting the bus. The best techniques when driving on the bus: the technique of showing with comments, the technique of comparisons, the technique of abstraction, the technique of using visual aids from the "guide's briefcase", the reception of comments and the techniques of activating attention.

When walking, the guide should not speak during the transition from one object to another. Walking tours use methods of preliminary inspection, detailed display and comments, comparison, abstraction, participation, personification.

5. The choice of methodological techniques depending on the content of the excursion and its subject matter. In sightseeing city tours, it is possible to use all existing methodological techniques. Some features are inherent in the techniques used in thematic excursions. So, in a historical excursion, you can use almost all the techniques, but the best are the techniques of mental reconstruction of the historical background, the technique of the main display and the technique of comparison. During a botanical excursion, for example, in a natural park, it is advisable to use the method of the main display, the method of comments, the method of comparison. When conducting an ecological excursion, the reception of a problem situation, the reception of the main show, the reception of complicity, the reception of a report will bring success. The religious tour will be more effective using the techniques of the main show and brief comments on it; it is possible to use the method of complicity and mental reconstruction of the historical background. It should be borne in mind that it is not very ethical to tell a story directly in the temple, but it is better to limit yourself to small explanations and provide most of the information to the sightseers on the bus in advance or after visiting the temple.

A production excursion is, first of all, a reportage technique, a participation technique, a main show technique, a problem situation technique, a discussion technique. In a literary excursion, it is worth using the technique of the main display and comments, the technique of personification, the technique of quotations, the technique of digression. When conducting a theatrical tour, one cannot do without the use of a mental reconstruction of the historical background, the use of abstraction, the use of reporting, and the use of participation.

Features of displaying objects along the bus without stops and exits from the bus. Such a display is typical for an excursion group departing from the place of residence (for example, from a hotel outside the city limits) to the old part of the city in order to visit the local museum. The excursion route does not involve stops, and the guide's story is conducted directly during the movement. Showing objects in the direction of travel should be prepared in advance. The guide can first give a brief description of the object, and then show it (the story either precedes the show, or smoothly “wraps around” it). The guide's comments should be structured in such a way as to orient the tourists in advance to the appearance of the object of interest and its location.

• 1. “Peter I stopped in our city during one of the Azov campaigns. Now on the right in the direction of the bus you can see the temple, which was visited by the Russian Tsar during his short stay in our city.
• 2. “The Volga is the pride of our country, and we are especially proud that the sources of this great river are in our region. Ahead, in the direction of the bus, you can see the mainstream of the Volga, and the bridge on which we pass is one of the 5 bridges in our city. It was built according to the project of a well-known St. Petersburg architect.
• 3. “In a few minutes we will drive up to the landing site of the world's first cosmonaut Yu.A. Gagarin. At the moment we are driving along the alley of poplars planted for the 10th anniversary of the first flight into space.”

panoramic display. The opportunity to show the city, the beauty of the surrounding nature or any architectural complex from a high point is the decoration of the tour. Panoramic display can serve as a bright start to the tour, be its climax or finishing touch. In any case, a panoramic view allows you to create a more complete impression of everything you see and hear. It is advisable to give the tourists the opportunity to ask questions after the panoramic show (no more than 5 minutes).

The most beautiful panoramas open from the observation platform in the mountains to the picturesque foothills, city panoramas also have a strong emotional impact. In excursions around Moscow, excursion groups often bring to the Sparrow Hills, from which a beautiful panorama of the capital opens; most of Moscow is perfectly visible from the observation deck of the Ostankino tower. In those cities where there are no elevated natural places, bell towers, preserved fortresses, high-rise buildings, etc. can be used for panoramic display. So, in St. Petersburg, guests of the city are often shown a panorama of the city from the height of the observation deck of St. Isaac's Cathedral.

• 1. Panoramic display before the start of the tour (the panoramic platform is located on one of the low mountains surrounding the city): “In front of you is a Volga city surrounded on three sides by mountains. You can see the old part of the city on the Volga coast, where ancient buildings and temples have been preserved. The largest temple with a high bell tower is the cathedral of our city, it was built 100 years ago by a local architect. From here you can see several small city parks, green alleys along many streets. The building of the city was carried out in such a way that all the central streets intersect with each other exclusively at right angles. The central part of the city resembles a chessboard, which is viewed from a height. To the right of the cathedral you can see the old bridge across the Volga. It is 3.5 km long and is one of the largest bridges in Europe. In the plains between the mountains, new sleeping areas are located, but our goal is the old part of the city and the Volga embankment. We get on the bus and continue our journey.
• 2. Panoramic display as a climax: “We got acquainted with the history of the city, its main architectural and historical sights. And now you have the opportunity to see the city from a bird's eye view. See the temple on the left? This is the cathedral you were looking at. To the right of it is a bridge across the Volga, on which we made a sightseeing trip. If all our guests have admired the panorama of the city, we can go further. We are going to visit the open-air ethnographic museum.”
• 3. Panoramic display as the final stage of the tour: “In front of you is a city, the journey through which we have already completed. Now from a height you can once again see all the memorable places about which you learned a lot. If you have any questions, I'll be happy to answer them."

In any of the three described cases, the panoramic display will remain in the memory of the excursionists for a long time and will leave the best memories of the excursion.

Museum tour. When conducting a museum tour, most of the main methodological techniques are used, but taking into account the limited space.

The guide meets the group who came to the museum at a place specially allocated for this, in each museum. The guide immediately introduces himself, loudly announces the topic of the tour and leads the group along to the beginning of the story. If there is already another excursion in the hall where the group entered, the guide should either speak more quietly or go to the next hall, if the theme of the excursion allows.

In the introductory part of any museum excursion, the group should be briefed (no more than 2-3 minutes) about the history of the creation of the museum, recall the rules of conduct in halls with a lot of glass cases and fragile objects. After that, the guide proceeds to the main part of the tour, standing half-turned to the showcase or the first exhibit. You should not focus the attention of a large group on small exhibits, since most sightseers will not see anything, but there will be a risk of breaking the window. Transitions from one showcase to another or from one room to another should be accompanied by logical transitions in the story. In the final part of the tour, the results are summed up, information is provided on the other halls of the museum, where tourists can visit. After that, the guide answers the questions of the participants of the tour and says goodbye to them.

An important condition for a well-conducted excursion in the museum is strict adherence to time.

Additional teaching methods. Each experienced guide always has in stock several author's methodological techniques that help turn the excursion into a quality learning process and a pleasant time.

• 1. Inclusion of a short meeting in the tour with a specialist, nair and mer during an archaeological excursion - with an archaeologist, during a paleontological excursion - with a paleontologist, during an art history excursion - with an artist or musician, etc. Communication with specialists activates and deepens the interest caused by the topic of the excursion, helps to better understand the issues under consideration and, of course, has a strong emotional impact on the excursionists.
• 2. Watching movies or computer clips on the topic of the tour. Innovative moments bring a special flavor to the tour, enhance the visual impact on the participants of the tour. Such additions suit during a long trip on a bus equipped with the necessary equipment.
• 3. Introduction of the search and research part on the topic of the tour. Active actions help tourists to improve the process of cognition of new information, to feel like real researchers. During archaeological, paleontological, geological, botanical, ecological excursions, tourists can be given the opportunity to find any artifacts, objects of study on the surface of the earth:

o lifting material at archaeological sites (fragments of dishes, fragments of iron objects washed out of the soil by rainwater);

about fossils at the sites of paleontological outcrops (mollusk shells, ancient sponges);

o minerals at the sites of geological monuments (ornamental stones, gems);

o herbarium items (leaves, flowers).

Material collected on the surface of the earth can be allowed to be taken with you, if this does not harm the monument.

4. Inclusion of mini-quizzes in the tour process. Conducting a mini-quiz is positively perceived even in adult groups. For example, a guide may suggest that group members recall the length of the Volga, paintings by a famous artist, in addition to those seen in the museum, name writers whose books are dedicated to events on the Don, etc. You can invite the tourists to determine what architectural style the building belongs to, what is the approximate height of the memorial stele, the length of the bridge, etc.

Questions can be offered along with answer options, for example:

“What do you think, according to what principle was the name of the Russian city most often given:

o by the name of its founder;

o by the name of the ancient tribes that lived in this place earlier;

o by the name of the river on which the city is founded?

Of course, the guide must not only reasonably prove the correctness of the answer, but also give examples. In this case, the correct answer is the third, and such cities as Moscow, Samara, Tsaritsyn, Tomsk, Tver, etc. can serve as examples.

• 5. Inclusion of elements of the conversation in the excursion. The guide, who got acquainted with the group, during the tour can include elements of a conversation in it, activating the attention of the group and giving comfort to the psychological environment. For example, knowing that the group arrived in the northern city from the Krasnodar Territory, you can ask if the guests are freezing while walking along the snow-covered embankment, or find out from the guests what especially surprised them among the objects they examined, whether there are similar ones in their city, etc. . The counter interest of the guide to the guests will cause greater satisfaction with the tour, leave a good impression of the city and its inhabitants.
• 6. Inclusion of theatrical elements in the tour- participation in a folk festival, carnival, in the festival of historical reconstruction. Elements of theatricalization have long been included in tourism and, as it were, turn participants in educational excursions into direct participants in events. Theatricalization has a beneficial effect both on the perception of the information provided during the tour and on the formation of a general impression of the trip. For example, during some archaeological excursions, guests get to see a theatrical show organized by the historical fencing club. The excursion scenario includes the “kidnapping” of one or several participants of the excursion, their release from captivity with the help of Russian soldiers, watching the stunt fight, taking pictures with the participants of the show in colorful costumes, archery, tasting pilaf prepared according to medieval recipes, etc. d. Similar theatricalizations are successfully held in the Saratov region; in Yaroslavl, guests are invited to put on simple robes and try their hand at the role of barge haulers on the Volga; in the Yekaterinburg Museum of Local Lore, guests will certainly be greeted by a beauty in the costume of the Mistress of the Copper Mountain. Such elements of theatricalization (even in an abbreviated version) cannot leave tourists indifferent and are a wonderful addition to a thematic tour of the ancient history of the region.

2.5. Excursion technology

The effectiveness of any excursion largely depends on the technique of its conduct, the relationship between the methodology and technique of conducting. A number of requirements are imposed on the technique of conducting an excursion. These include the introduction of the guide to the group, the correct arrangement of the group at the object, the exit of the excursionists from the bus and returning to the bus (another vehicle), the use of the microphone by the guide, keeping the time allotted for the tour as a whole and the disclosure of individual subtopics, answering the questions of the excursionists etc.

Acquaintance of the guide with the group. The guide, entering the bus, gets acquainted with the group. He greets those present, calls his last name, first name, patronymic, the excursion institution that he represents, introduces the tourists to the bus driver, that is, he begins the tour with an introduction.

It is important that from the very beginning the guide subordinated his actions to the established rules of communication with the group. He doesn't start talking right away. There is a pause that lasts ten to twenty seconds. The first acquaintance takes place, further contacts of the guide with the group largely depend on it. The sightseers gradually fall silent, sit down more comfortably, their attention switches to the guide. Tourists estimate what the guide is capable of, what interesting things he will tell them, and the guide thinks about how to interest these people, how to rive their attention to the topic.

With the correct organization of excursion work, preparation for it should take place in advance. This is done by tour organizers or travel agents.

The plot of the excursion must be known to the excursionist in advance. The excursionist must know the topic of the excursion. It is extremely important that advertising activities and the purchase of a tour package be separated from the tour by one or two days. This is significant in the sense that during this period of time a certain psychological attitude of the excursionist will occur. He will have time to think and get used to the plot of the tour.

Each topic has its own introduction. If the composition of the group is different (for example, the local population and visiting tourists, adults and children), the same excursion will have different introductions. The guide pays special attention to the preparation and execution of the introduction, which gives a specific setting to the tourists, allows you to establish contact with them.

The exit of tourists from the bus (trolleybus, tram). Tourists need to prepare in advance for the exit. In cases where this is not done, a significant part of the group remains on the bus, not leaving to observe the monuments at their location. Thus, tourists lose the opportunity to personally get acquainted with the object.

At stops where the exit of the excursion group is provided, the guide leaves first, showing an example to the group and determining the direction of its movement to the object. In cases where other stops are arranged in the excursions, for example, sanitary or for the purchase of souvenirs, the guide reports the exact time (hour and minutes) of the bus departure. It is necessary to require tourists to comply with the rules of the tour, which affects the schedule of the bus along the route. If the parking time in a country excursion for some reason is reduced or increased, the guide informs all sightseers about this.

Arrangement of the group at the object. When developing an excursion, as a rule, several options for placing a group to observe the excursion object are determined. This is done in the case when the place determined by the methodological development is occupied by another group or when the sun's rays shine into the eyes, making it difficult to inspect the object. There are other reasons that prevent the use of the recommended place. In hot weather, opportunities are used to locate groups in the shade. In case of rain, the option of placing tourists under the roof, under the crown of trees, is provided. In some cases, the technique requires that several points be selected to inspect an object: far, if the object is shown together with the environment or other objects; near, if individual details of a building, structure, terrain, natural object are analyzed. These features are reflected in the column "Organized guidelines for methodological development." Each guide carefully studies these instructions and, before going on the route with the group, clarifies issues related to the arrangement of the group to observe objects. It is also necessary to ensure the safety of sightseers when inspecting objects and when crossing motorways.

With the simultaneous location of several groups near one object, such a distance must be maintained between them so that one guide does not interfere with the other with his story, so that one group does not obscure the other object of observation. Known difficulties in observing this condition are the placement of groups to show the museum exposition.

Movement of sightseers from the bus to the object, from the object to the bus, between the objects is carried out by the group. The guide's place is in the center of the group, a few people go in front, a few are nearby, the rest are behind. It is important that the group does not stretch: the distance between its head and those who go last should not exceed 5-7 meters. The guide must ensure that when the group moves along the route, integrity is not violated. With a long group, not everyone will hear the guide's story, his explanations and logical transitions that are presented along the way. Experienced guides skillfully guide the movement on the route.

The pace of the movement of the group depends on the composition of the group (children, youth, middle age, the elderly), on the terrain, for example, climbing uphill, poor roads, overcoming ditches of dangerous zones in working shops, etc.

In a walking tour, the pace of movement of tourists is slow, unhurried, since the display objects are located next to each other.

It is more difficult to set the required pace of the group's movement on a bus tour. Here, getting off the bus, the guide does not start moving immediately, especially if the object is located in the distance. He allows most of the sightseers to get off the bus and then, slowly, but not too slowly, leads the group towards the goal. Approaching the object, he does not begin his story immediately, but after the whole group has gathered.

The guide directs the movement of tourists and in the course of their independent work on the route. Tourists walk around the object to read the inscription on it themselves, to enter inside it, to see the peculiar features of the architecture. They climb a hill to determine its height, climb a bell tower, a minaret to make sure of the unusual "step" of the steps of a steep staircase, descend into the moat to determine its depth, etc. These movements of sightseers enrich them with additional information and new impressions. , make it possible to feel the unique features of the objects, the features of the events to which the excursion is dedicated.

The return of tourists to the bus. During the movement of the group, it is led by a guide. When a group boards a bus, it stands to the right of the entrance and counts the sightseers who enter the cabin. This is done invisibly. After making sure that all the participants of the excursion have gathered, he enters the bus last and gives a signal to the driver about the start of the movement.

It is necessary to avoid counting tourists who have already taken their seats on the bus. This introduces unnecessary nervousness, sometimes causing comical situations, thereby disrupting the course of the excursion.

Tour guide location. The guide on the bus should take a place where he can clearly see the objects that are discussed on the tour, but so that all the tourists are in his field of vision. At the same time, tourists should see it. Typically, this is a dedicated front seat next to the driver (the seat behind the driver is reserved for another driver). The guide is not allowed to stand while the bus is moving (as well as sightseers) for safety reasons.

On a walking tour, the guide should be half-turned to the object. Conducting a display of visually perceived objects requires that they be in front of the eyes of the guide, because he analyzes them based on his visual impressions. This is especially important in out-of-town excursions, when the guide, while the bus is moving, sitting in his place with his back to the sightseers, looks into the front window of the bus and talks about what the sightseers already see or are about to see.

Compliance with the time in the excursion. The methodological development indicates the exact time allotted for the disclosure of each subtopic in minutes. Everything is provided here: showing objects, the guide's story, moving along the route to the next one and the movement of the group around the observed objects. The ability to meet the allotted time for the guide does not come immediately. This requires a lot of practice, including conducting an excursion with a watch in hand: at home, at a specific object. It is necessary to achieve compliance with the time when conducting a logical transition, highlighting a single sub-topic and main issues. Helps the guide timekeeping the time spent on individual parts of the tour. On the basis of such timing, taking into account the comments of the listener, the guide makes appropriate adjustments to his story. Everything superfluous is removed from the tour, which leads to a waste of time. Often, for reasons beyond the control of the guide, the tour is significantly reduced in time. The reason for this is the protracted gathering of the group, breakfast served to tourists at the wrong time, the bus being late, etc. As a result, the tour starts late. The guide has only one way out - to reduce the time allotted for the disclosure of the topic. This should be done by keeping everything important in the content of the excursion and removing the secondary. To do this, you need to prepare in advance for a possible reduction in the material of the excursion.

Technique for conducting a story while the bus is moving. The story while driving on the bus should be conducted by a guide through a microphone. If the equipment does not function well or there is no microphone at all, it is useless for the guide to talk while driving. The noise of the engine and the shaking of the bus limit the audibility, so that the explanations will be audible only to the sightseers sitting nearby. In this case, the guide gives materials about the nearest section of the route before the start of the movement, and during the movement he reports only the names of objects or areas. If there are important objects or settlements, it is necessary to stop the bus, turn off the engine, and only then give explanations. This must be agreed in advance with the driver.

Answers to the questions of tourists. In excursion practice, a certain classification of questions has developed. They are divided into four groups: the questions of the guide, which are answered by the tourists; questions posed during the story, which the guide answers; rhetorical questions that are posed to enhance the attention of tourists; questions asked by the participants of excursions on the topic. The first three groups of questions are related to the methodology for conducting excursions, and only the fourth group of questions is related to the technique of conducting excursions. Their content is different - sometimes they are associated with objects, sometimes - with the life of famous figures, and often - with events that are not related to the topic of the excursion. The main rule for dealing with such questions is that you should not interrupt the story and give an immediate answer to them, and you should not also answer questions at the end of each of the subtopics. This scatters attention and distracts the audience from the perception of the content of the topic being disclosed, since not everyone in the group is concerned about these issues. Therefore, the guide should answer questions not during the tour, but at the end of it. The content of the answers should not be debatable, i.e., make the tourists want to argue, continue the topic raised in the question.

Making an introduction to the topic, the guide informs his listeners about this order of answering questions.

Breaks in the tour. The tour guide should not talk continuously. There should be small breaks between the individual parts of the story, the story and the excursion information on the way, the logical transition and the story about the object and the events associated with it.

Pauses pursue the following tasks:

The first is semantic, when the time of breaks is used by people to think about what they heard from the guide and saw with their own eyes. To consolidate the factual material in memory, formulate their conclusions and remember what they saw. It is important that sightseers have time free from showing and telling each object for self-examination, preparation for the perception of what will be shown and told at the next stop;
- the second - to give a short rest to the tourists. It does not carry any semantic load. This is especially important for those who are not yet accustomed to such an active form of cultural and educational work as an excursion.

Pauses in out-of-town excursions are combined with rest, which, in accordance with the existing procedure, is provided to the guide: 15 min. after each hour of work (for the guide, the hour of the tour is 45 minutes). This rest can be summarized and used by the guide at the end of the tour. There may also be pauses in excursions - free time used to purchase souvenirs, printed materials, quench thirst, as well as for sanitary stops on long excursions.

The technique of using the "guide's briefcase". The content of the "portfolio of the guide", its significance and role in the use of methodological techniques of the show is related to the methodology for preparing and conducting the tour. Each exhibit - a photograph, a drawing, a reproduction of a painting, a portrait, a drawing, a copy of a document - has its own serial number. This determines the sequence of demonstration of this exhibit to the tourists.

The exhibit can be shown by the guide from his workplace, handed over to the tourists in the rows for a more detailed acquaintance.

Sometimes, in accordance with the methodological development, the guide organizes the playback of tape and video recordings. It is important to check the serviceability of the equipment in advance, the availability of the necessary records, to ensure audibility for all participants in the tour. The guide must be able to use this equipment.

During the tours, elements of the ritual (a ceremonial developed by folk customs) are used. Tourists at burial sites and memorials honor the memory of the dead with a minute of silence, are present at the changing of the guard of honor, participate in processions and rallies, and listen to mourning melodies. The guide needs to know the procedure for laying flowers, the passage of sightseers at the locations of mass graves and obelisks, participation in the guard of honor, in a minute of silence, the rules of conduct at the Eternal Flame and at the burial sites of heroes of the Civil, Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) and others wars. Before the start of the tour, the guide informs about everything, emphasizing the importance of observing the ritual when visiting historical sites.

findings

The importance of issues related to the technique of conducting excursions can hardly be overestimated. Neither a fascinating story about objects, nor methodical methods of displaying monuments will give the necessary effect if all aspects of its implementation are not seriously thought out, if conditions for observing objects are not created.

test questions

1. The concept of "excursion technique".
2. Contents of the column "Organizational instructions".
3. Organization of the guide's work with the group.
4. Skillful use of excursion technique.
5. Skills in using the technique of conducting excursions.
6. The pace of movement of the group, its significance.
7. Using the microphone. Work in the absence of a microphone.
8. Establishing the necessary order in the group.
9. Use of free time during the excursion.
10. Answers to the questions of tourists.
11. Technique for using visual aids.