Indigenous people of Madagascar. Population of Madagascar: size, density, age and racial composition

The ethnic formation of the peoples of Madagascar was carried out in the process of resettlement to the island, first of Africans and Asians, and later of traders from India and Portugal and French colonists. Today's indigenous population of Madagascar is the result of the assimilation of these peoples. The state of Madagascar is currently inhabited by 18 main ethnic groups - clans, most of the population is formed by Malagasy.

The official languages of Madagascar are Malagasy (or Malagasy), English and French. About half of the population adheres to a religion based on the cult of ancestors, and traditional for this area. About 40% of the country's inhabitants are Christians (Catholics and Protestants). Part of the population is trying to combine the religion of their ancestors with Christianity. Slightly less than 10% are Muslims.

The majority of Madagascar's population lives in rural areas, less than a quarter of the country's population lives in cities. The highest population density is in the central part of the island and on its eastern coast, the average density is about 22 people. per sq. km.

The average life expectancy in the Republic of Madagascar is low - 56.5 years, so more than half of the island's population is young people under the age of 20, less than 4% live to the age of 65. The population growth in the country is stable and is about 3%.

Population size:
21,281,844 (July 2010 est.)

Gender and age structure of the population:

0-14 years:
43.5% (Men 4,523,033/Women 4,460,473)

15-64 years old:
53.5% (Men 5,483,684/Women 5,557,098)

65 years and older:
3% (Men 280,677/Women 348,591) (2010 est.)

Average (median) age:
General:
18.1 years old

Men:
17.8 years

Women:
18.3 (2010 est.)

Population Growth/Decrease Rate:
2.993% (2010 estimate)

Indicator (coefficient) of fertility:
37.89 population births/1,000 (2010 est.)

Mortality rate (rate):
7.97 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Urbanization:
Urban population:
29% of the total population (2008)

Indicator (coefficient) of urbanization:
3.8 Annual rate % change (2005-10)

Sex ratio:
At the time of birth:
1.03 men(s)/women

By age 15:
1.01 men(s)/women

15-64 years old:
0.99 men(s) / women

65 years and older:
0.8 Men(s)/Women

In the general population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

Indicator (coefficient) of infant mortality:

52.84 deaths/1,000 live births

Men:
57.69 deaths/1,000 live births

Women:
47.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)

Life expectancy at birth (average life expectancy):
In the general population:
63.26 years old

Men:
61.27 years old

Women:
65.3 years (2010 est.)

General indicator (coefficient) of fertility (full offspring of a woman during the childbearing period):
5.09 births/female children (2010 est.)

Adult HIV/AIDS prevalence rate:
0.1% (2007 estimate)

Number of people living with a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS:
14,000 (2007 est.)

Number of people who died from HIV/AIDS:
less than 1,000 (2007 estimate)

Nationality:
Malagasy, Malagasy

Official language:
Malagasy, English, French

Ethnic groups:
Antayfasi, Antaimypy, Antaysaka, Antambakhyaka, Antankarana, Antanysi, Antandryi, Bara, Betsiley, Betsimicapaka, Bezanyzany, Bezy, Maxafali, Merina, Masumbiki, Sakalava, Sikhanaka, Tsinaltya

Religious composition of the population:
local beliefs 52%, Christians 41%, Muslims 7%

The linguistic composition of the population:
English (official), French (official), Malagasy (official)

Literacy rate of the population:
Definition:
Person aged 15 and can read and write

In the general population:
68.9 %

Men:
75.5 %

Women:
62.5% (2003 est.)

Expected length of study (from elementary to higher education):
10 years

Men:
10 years

Women:
10 years (2008)

Government spending on education:
2.9% of GDP (2008)

Going on a trip to distant countries, many tourists are interested in the life there,. There are a lot of interesting facts about that that everyone who plans their vacation in this country should definitely know. Here is a unique flora and fauna, rich history, originating in ancient times.

Nature of Madagascar

The entire island is one state located in the Indian Ocean. It is often referred to as Africa, and geographically this is true. The most interesting facts about Madagascar are the following:

Historical interesting facts about the country of Madagascar

The first people appeared on the island more than 2000 years ago. During this historical period, local residents experienced a huge number of important events. The most interesting of them are the following:

The island was first discovered in the 16th century by the explorer Diego Diaz from Portugal. Since that time, Madagascar has been used as an important trading hub.
In 1896, the country was captured by the French, turning it into their colony. In 1946, the island began to be considered an overseas territory of the invaders.
In 1960, Madagascar gained independence and acquired complete freedom.
In 1990, Marxist rule ended here, and the veto on all opposition parties was lifted.
The peak of the royal mountain Ambohimanga is considered an important historical one on the island. This is a place of worship for the natives, which is a religious and cultural heritage of the state.

Ethnic interesting facts about Madagascar

The number of inhabitants in the country is almost 23 million people. All of them speak among themselves in official languages: French and Malagasy. The traditions and culture of the natives are quite multifaceted, the most interesting facts are:

Madagascar is an independent state located on the island of the same name in the Indian Ocean. Its area is 578 thousand km 2. In the ranking of the largest islands in the world, it occupies the fourth position. The population of Madagascar is about 24.2 million people. The capital of the state is the city of Antananarivo.

Historical information

Madagascar is one of the largest states located on the territory of one island. According to scientists, the settlement of these lands occurred at a time when the period of the early Middle Ages operated on the territory of Europe. Malagasy (as the indigenous people of Madagascar are called) had close cooperation with the Arab peoples and borrowed the Surabe alphabet from them. In 1500, Europeans learned about the island after Portuguese ships moored to its shores.

In the 18-19 centuries, a kingdom called Imerina was created on the territory of the present state. But in 1897 these lands were colonized by the French Empire. In the period from 1940 to 1943, the island fell under the occupation of Great Britain and only in 1960 did it gain independence. Despite the liberation from the colonists, the population of Madagascar remained below the poverty line. All this was due to the instability of the economic and political component of the country. Various military groups came to power and tried to maneuver between the European states and the countries of the socialist camp during the Cold War. At the end of this confrontation, the process of democratization started on the island of Madagascar.

Population

Today, more than 24 million people live in Madagascar, and according to some sources, this figure has already exceeded 25 million. Over the past century, population growth has increased 10 times. The main percentage of citizens are children and the younger generation of Malagasy, whose age does not exceed 20 years. There are 60% of them.

According to demographers, the number of females and males is almost the same, the difference in numbers is less than 100 thousand people.

Interesting fact! Since the era of the Great Geographical Discoveries, when the population of Madagascar was 600 thousand people, by 1900 it reached 2.5 million.

According to preliminary estimates, if the birth rate in the country continues to increase at the same rapid rate as it is now, by 2100 the number of citizens of the island will increase to 70 million.

The population density of Madagascar (according to 2015 data) is 41.3 people. per km 2.

official languages

Madagascar has two official languages: French and Malagasy. The first of them is a legacy of colonialism, but the second is considered to be indigenous. The Malagasy language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian group. During its existence, it combined dialects from Malay and Polynesian. It contains Arabic, Amharic and Creole words, as well as many borrowings from the Swahili and Bantu languages.

Linguists studying the Malagasy language found in it echoes of Sanskrit (the ancient language of the Hindus), which indicates that immigrants from Malaysia and India arrived on the island more than 2000 years ago.

The dialect of indigenous peoples is poorly understood. But since it has much in common with other languages of the Malayo-Polynesian group, Malagasy can be understood by the inhabitants of Java and Sumatra, the Visayas and Tagals living in the Philippines.

Age indicator

The age composition of the population of Madagascar, according to 2015, looks something like this:

children from 0 to 14 years old - more than 40%;
young people from 15 to 24 years old - 20.53%;
persons aged 25-54 - 31.56%;
elderly people (55-64 years old) - just over 4%;
old people from 65 and above - 3.22%.

Surprisingly, the birth rate is much higher than the death rate. According to 2015 statistics, there were 6.81 deaths and 32.61 births per 1,000 people.

The island of Madagascar has a very high infant mortality rate, but this does not affect the decline in the number of citizens of the country. The thing is that the state has a very high birth rate. Fertility is 5.1 children per woman. As a rule, 2-3 children are brought up in urban families, but in rural areas, the number of children can reach 5 or more.

Religious preferences

The religious composition of the population of Madagascar is very diverse. Most of the country's citizens profess the traditional religion of the indigenous people. The main doctrine of the ancestor cult is the connection between the realm of the dead and the living people. Most adherents of this religious movement are found among the Imerin people.

In total, about 52% of the total population of Madagascar believe in the cult of ancestors. They believe that all the souls of dead people join the forefathers and form a kind of "divine" hierarchy. In this religion there is a very strange rite, which for Europeans will seem savagery. The ritual ceremony (fimadihana) means "turning the dead". During the traditional ceremony, believers pull out the bodies of the dead and wrap them in a new silk sheet (shroud). During the festival, people have fun and dance. They may carry the dead in their arms during the ceremony and then place them back in the crypt.

The Christian population of Madagascar is approximately 41%. Most belong to the Roman Catholic Church. There are slightly fewer Protestant denominations on the island, including Lutherans, Adventists, Anglicans and others.

The rest of the country's citizens, which is 7%, are adherents of Islam. Most of all, the teachings of the Koran are widespread on the western coast of the island.

The racial composition of the population of Madagascar

The bulk of the inhabitants of the island are Malagasy. They make up 98% of the total population. Interestingly, Malagasy is not a separate nation, but a collection of 20 ethnic groups. They all come down to the Malayo-Indonesian peoples. The indigenous population is divided into two subgroups:

Mountain tribes. These include betsileu, gelding, shihanaka, mikea and others.
Coast peoples. This group includes Antanusi, Sakalava, Antakarana, Betsemisaraka, Tsimiheti, Mahafali and others.

This division is due to the historical migration of people who arrived on the island. The settlement of Madagascar by the Austronesians took place between the 2nd and 5th centuries. They settled in the central highlands. Years later, a second migration wave came, when residents of the eastern part of Africa began to come to the island, mainly belonging to the Bantu people. These settlers settled on practically free lands of the coastal zone. According to some reports, the Bantu came to the island as a result of human trafficking.

But there are other equally interesting versions about the settlement of the island. Some scholars argue that the first in Madagascar was the Negroid race, and the resettlement of the Austronesians occurred much later.

Differences between indigenous ethnic groups

People who have lived in this country for a long time, and the indigenous inhabitants of the island, have perfectly learned to distinguish between ethnic tribes. Among themselves, Malagasy call each other "gasi". All ethnic groups have differences, although not too noticeable for visiting guests. They have different language dialects, types of dwellings, etc. They also differ in external features: skin color and face shape. Almost all groups have different greeting phrases.

Adverbs and dialects of the local population are unwritten. In educational institutions, the official state Malagasy language is used. It is spoken by more than 80% of the total population.

The largest cities of the island

Antananarivo is the largest and most populous city in Madagascar. According to 2010 data, about 1 million 688 thousand people lived on the territory of this metropolis. There are no more million-plus cities on the island.

Toamasina. This city is located in the province of the same name and is its center. More than 225 thousand people lived here in 2010. Given the rapid demographic growth in the country, it can be assumed that this figure has increased significantly over 7 years. The city is washed by the waters of the Indian Ocean and is considered one of the main ports of the country. Export goods are transported from here: spices (cloves, pepper, vanilla), coffee, graphite. And food products, textiles, equipment and machines for various purposes are delivered from other countries.
Antsirabe. To date, this city has up to 250 thousand people. Since it is located in a hilly area, at an altitude of 1500 m above sea level, the climatic conditions are colder than in other regions. Antsirabe is famous for its warm springs and hot baths. Not far from the city there is another attraction - Lake Tritriva, which is of volcanic origin.

Fianarantsoa. The location of the settlement is the province of the same name. According to 2010 data, 184 thousand people lived here. The main part of the city was built in the 20s of the last century. It is conditionally divided into three parts: upper, middle and lower city. There is a highway leading to the city of Ambusitroy (from the north side) and to Ambalavao (from the south). Air traffic has also been established. In the areas adjacent to the city, coffee beans, tomatoes, rice and tobacco are grown. There are also numerous vineyards.
Mahajanga. A settlement located in the gray-western part of the island. It is the main administrative unit in the district of the same name. The number of inhabitants of the city is more than 166 thousand people (2010 data). There is a seaport here, but since the depth in the harbor is not too great, small ships carrying cargoes up to 150 tons come here. The most important commodity exported from Mahajanga is frozen shrimp. The city has an airport. The local beaches are very picturesque and attract many tourists to these places.

In recent years, many rural residents have moved to live in cities, but their number is still higher. According to statistics, 30% of Malagasy are city dwellers, and the remaining 70% are inhabitants of the outback.

Every year, the difference between fertility and mortality increases in favor of the first, due to which the population of Madagascar increases.

Description of the country's economy

The economy of the island is developing. According to the results of 2007, the state's GDP amounted to more than 18 billion US dollars, which brought the country to 116th position in the world ranking. The per capita income is one of the lowest (157th place) and is $1,068.

The main components of the economy of Madagascar are the agricultural industry, fishing and tourism. The country is an exporter of various spices, coffee, vanilla, and in terms of cocoa, rice, granulated sugar, legumes, peanuts and bananas, it occupies a leading position in the world market.

Tourism in Madagascar is one of the country's main sources of income. Natural richness contributes to attracting many people to this exotic corner. About 80% of the flora and fauna are considered endemic.

Slavery in the 21st century?

Rumor has it that even now on the territory of the island, some people are kept in slavery. Of course, it has slightly different forms than in ancient times, and does not have an official status. Since a large number of people live below the poverty line, they have to borrow from more prosperous fellow villagers or relatives. Not being able to pay off, they are forced to work off the loan taken. At the same time, without getting a penny for their work. Many young people and even children work for food and shelter. For many years, the population of Madagascar was poorly educated, but today the picture has changed significantly.

Education

Although Madagascar is a third world country, the standards of education here are very high. Primary school is the norm for Malagasy. The educational reform launched by President Ratsiraka has contributed to an increase in the level of knowledge and the number of students. New educational institutions were opened, and primary education became compulsory.

About 35% of all children who complete the first stage go on to high school. And only 5% go to universities. All subjects are studied in the state Malagasy language. The gelding is considered the most educated ethnic group.

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1 option

Explanation.

Main problems:

1. The problem of the significance of the human spirit in the war of the era of technological progress. (What is stronger: a fighting machine or a warrior's spirit? Can the heroism of a warrior, the strength of the human spirit be the decisive factor in victory?)

2. The problem of the role of our country in the Great Patriotic War. (What role did our country play in World War II?)

3. The problem of the negative consequences of technological progress. (Can technological progress lead to negative consequences? Do new inventions in the field of technology always bring good to mankind?)

4. The problem of understanding the lessons of war. (What is the lesson of war?)

1. The inner strength of a person, his courage, the desire to protect his homeland is stronger than any weapon. The victory of our country in the Great Patriotic War was brought not so much by excellent weapons and equipment as by the courage of the fighters.

2. Our country was able to stop the enemy, before the technical power of which the whole of Europe was numb. It proved the triumph of the human spirit and gave a great lesson in world history.

3. Unfortunately, technological progress, which initially aims to improve people's lives, has a negative side: inventions can be used as a means of destroying people.

№ p/n

Answer

but

undertaking

representative

62831

fruitful

pre-white incomprehensible

picky

cry

impassable

subsequently tightly

1234

134

8745

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TRAINING WORK

IN RUSSIAN

FOR STUDENTS OF 11 CLASSES

1 option

Part 1

(1) The indigenous people of Madagascar call ring-tailed lemurs, harmless animals with long fluffy tails, prehensile paws and huge, wide-open eyes, the word "poppies", while the modern name - "lemur" - was given by Europeans. (2) In Ancient Rome, lemurs were the souls of the dead, who did not find peace in the realm of the dead and returned at night to the world of the living, bringing misfortune and death. (3) With the fall of Rome, the mystical lemurs have sunk into oblivion,<...>, when in the XVI century the first Europeans came to Madagascar and met small animals with huge eyes glowing in the dark, they remembered the Roman superstitions about the ghosts of the dead and gave "poppies" their own

a name that stuck.

1 HOME

1) The indigenous population of Madagascar called the souls of the dead lemurs, returning to the world of the living at night and bringing misfortune and death.

2) Europeans, having met animals with eyes glowing in the dark in Madagascar, called them lemurs, and this name stuck.

3) Europeans who came to Madagascar in the 16th century first met harmless animals there with long fluffy tails, tenacious paws and huge eyes - lemurs, or "poppies", as the natives called them.

4) The indigenous population of Madagascar calls ring-tailed lemurs - animals with huge eyes glowing in the dark - the word "poppies".

5) Once in Madagascar in the 16th century, Europeans met lemurs there, harmless animals with long fluffy tails, tenacious paws and huge eyes, which the locals called "poppies".

Answer: .

Finally,

but

That's why

Probably

For example

3. Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word OWN. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

OWN , th, th.

1. Belonging to someone. by ownership.S. house.

2. Your own, personal.See with your own eyes. Into your own hands. Self-esteem (sense of respect for oneself).By my own will.

3. Being in the direct jurisdiction, disposal, subordination of someone-something.S. correspondent.

4. Literal, real.V. proper sense of the word.

5. Peculiar only to someone-something, without extraneous additions (special).C. body weight.

6. actually, introductory. More precisely, in essence.Actually, I don't argue.

7. actually, a particle. Expresses limitation: without something else, something else.The Volga system consists of the Volga itself and its tributaries.

Answer: ___________________________.

Caterpillar

lived

undertaking

no flint

rampant

Answer: ___________________________.

Otters are unusually intelligent and REASONABLE creatures.

At the mouth of the river, the CLEAR outlines of the ship could be seen.

A very REPRESENTATIVE jury selected artists for participation in the competition.

Knowing the hot, EXPLOSIVE character of the father, we did not want to disturb him.

He disregarded the rules of etiquette and was a total IGNORANT.

Answer: ___________________________.

SIX HUNDRED textbooks

GO forward

ripe apricots

HARDER than wood

new TOWELS

Answer: ___________________________.

A) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover

B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

D) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate

E) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

1) I wanted to learn how to breed and care for primroses at home.

2) According to the plan, as a final work, we wrote a review of a recently read book.

3) In March, those who have reached the age of 18 participated in the elections of the President of the Russian Federation.

4) Orchids, having appeared on Earth along with other flowering plants, began to actively develop 40 million years ago.

5) Some orchids have developed false baits based on food instincts.

6) Each programmer is assigned to a specific computer that monitors his condition.

7) Thanks to language, we can get acquainted with those ideas that were expressed long before we were born.

8) There are many interesting biographies in the encyclopedia "Lives of Remarkable People".

9) At the beginning of work on a work, the author can calculate the course of events in different ways, determine the fate of the characters.

Determine the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root is omitted, checked by stress. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

s..tyric

vym..rshie

k..saetsya

application

pl..dotvorny

Answer: ___________________________.

and .. spend, and .. subtly;

e.. elevate, e.. silence;

d..white, not..grasping;

previous..history, inter..university;

not .. vigilance, pr .. Slavic.

Answer: ___________________________.

picky..vy

treat..vat

nuts..to

hall.. former

intend to..

Answer: ___________________________.

Write down the word in which the letter U is written in place of the gap.

endurance..t

crying..t

treating

anxious.. anxious

sorry..

Answer: ___________________________.

There was still (not) cut grass in the meadows.

(Not) hearing the sounds of bullets screeching from all sides, Pierre drove up to the field.

In Russia (not) there was that middle class, which in Europe "connected" the aristocracy and the common people.

The Saxon army skillfully hid in the (im)passable forests and swamps.

The core whirred and flew over them, (without) doing any harm.

Answer: ___________________________.

(B) AFTERNOON, the doorway was bricked up and the windows (ON) were boarded up.

SO (SAME), like his father, Eugene was a professional violinist, AND (THAT) many believed that he was superior to his father in the art of playing.

Our water supplies were (AT) LOW, but the guide ON (CUT) refused to deviate from the route and reach the river.

(ON) AS the guests arrived, there was less and less space in the living room, (THAT) I went out onto the terrace.

Answer: ___________________________.

The main action of the picture takes place in the background: in a bright room, the crying (1) lady with a child in her arms looks with a plea at the invitation of the (2) doctor in gold (3) pince-nez.

Answer: ___________________________.

1) The fellow traveler did not hear what was said or ignored my hint.

2) And the years went by quickly and inaudibly and carried away these memories with them.

3) The themes of war and peace of forgiveness and hatred are relevant at all times.

4) Our train stopped at both large and small stations.

5) On the same lilac bush, I saw yellow leaves and buds that began to swell.

Answer: ___________________________.

The swimmer (1) was brave, who decided on such a night (2) to set off through the strait (3) at a distance of twenty miles, and there must be an important reason (4) that prompted him to do so!

Answer: ___________________________.

indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

I was (1) understandable (2) happy too

When I fell in love and loved

Or the noisy youth

I found my recognition.

You (3) happiness (4) still appeared to me,

When not immediately, for good reason

Before the boy opened

Forests and arable lands (5) beauty.

I was also quite happy

Not every day, but every year

When at the feasting festivities,

Like a bell in a belfry

The people hummed solemnly.

( Yaroslav Smelyakov )

Answer: ___________________________.

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

In deep silence, my brother and I sat on the fence under the shade of a thick silver poplar and held in our hands fishing rods (1) rusty hooks (2) of which (3) were lowered (4) into a huge tub of rotten water.

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

I came up with some new ideas (1) and (2) if you come (3) I will gladly talk about (4) what worries me now.

(1) When Leonardo da Vinci sat over the drawings of a flying machine, he did not think about high-explosive bombs, but about the happiness of mankind. (2) As a teenager, I saw the first loops of the French pilot Pegu. (3) The elders said: “Be proud - a person flies like a bird!” (4) Many years later, I saw the Junkers over Madrid, over Paris, over Moscow ...

(5) The machine can be good and evil. (6) Hitler turned the machine into a weapon of destruction. (7) People looked at the sky with pride. (8) Hitler decided: they will look at the sky with horror. (9) People happily thought: we will go in a car out of town. (10) Hitler decided: when he heard the sound of the engine, people would run without looking back.

(11) But one day it was time to check. (12) At first, the Germans triumphed. (13) Their tanks traveled all over Europe. (14) The caterpillars crushed France and left furrows in the fields of ancient Hellas. (15) "Junkers" crippled seemingly impregnable London. (16) And the Germans sent their cars to Russia - to the mountains of the Caucasus, to the rivers of Siberia. (17) Here a hitch happened: the machines did not break the will of man. (18) There is a lot of grief in the war, a lot of destruction, war is not the road to progress, war is a terrible test. (19) But there is something higher in war: it gives people wisdom. (20) This war brought a great lesson to humanity: the revenge of man.

(21) The Nazis tried to replace the heart of a soldier with a motor, a soldier's endurance with armor. (22) However, the Patriotic War proved the triumph of the human spirit.

(23) ... Senior Lieutenant Bykov's battery repelled a tank attack. (24) Rounding the birch grove, fifty tanks were advancing on our battle formations. (25) "Don't miss it!" - was Bykov's team. (26) Already wounded, this man remained at his post. (27) And after that, the remains of twenty-six German tanks blackened on the battlefield. (28) As conceived by the Germans, these tanks were supposed to reach India. (29) But they died. (30) At the birch grove ...

(31) Or here are some more facts. (32) Ten Red Navy men destroyed twenty-three tanks with anti-tank guns. (33) Sailor Timokhin burned six tanks.

(34) And Sevastopol? (35) The epic defense of this city was a triumph of human courage, when a small, weak garrison, without airfields, almost without tanks, repelled the attacks of powerful enemy divisions and equipment for two hundred and fifty days.

(36) Yes, German tanks for a long time seemed like a boa constrictor, in front of which Europe was numb, trembling like an aspen leaf. (37) But people blocked their way. (38) Of course, we had excellent anti-tank guns. (39) Of course, our fighters rightly call Simonov's armor-piercing gun a "golden gun." (40) But how to forget about an ordinary grenade in the hand of a fearless fighter, which the enemy was afraid of no less than a large projectile? (41) How to forget about the mighty heart of a warrior full of courage?

(According to I. G. Ehrenburg *)

Ilya Grigoryevich Ehrenburg (1891–1967) was a Russian prose writer, poet, translator from French and Spanish, publicist, photographer and public figure.

1) Nazi tanks shelled London.

2) Simonov's armor-piercing rifle was called "golden" by the soldiers.

3) Colonel Bykov's battery destroyed more than twenty tanks.

4) The defense of Sevastopol lasted more than a year.

5) The narrator got his first vivid impressions of airplanes as a teenager.

Answer: ___________________________.

1) Sentences 13-15 reveal the content of sentence 12.

2) Sentences 16-17 contain a description.

3) Sentences 18–20 present reasoning.

4) Sentences 31-33 present the narrative.

5) Proposals 38 and 39 are opposed in content.

Answer: ___________________________.

One of the following sentences uses antonyms. Write down the number of this proposal.

Answer: ___________________________.

Among sentences 23-30, find one (s) that is (s) connected with the previous one using a demonstrative pronoun and word forms. Write the number(s) of this offer(s).

Answer: ___________________________.

Read a fragment of a review based on the text,

which you analyzed while completing tasks 20–23.

This fragment examines the language features of the text.

Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the gaps (A, B, C, D) with the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. Write in the table under each letter the corresponding number.

Write the sequence of numbers in the ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the task number 24, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters.

Write each number in accordance with the samples given in the form.

“The main technique of artistic expression that I. Ehrenburg uses throughout the entire text is ________ (A) (for example, sentences 7–8, 9–10). It is thanks to this technique that the author's idea becomes obvious. And such a syntactic means of expressiveness as ________ (B) helps to enhance the effect (sentences 4, 14,16).

In turn, such lexical means as ________ (B) ("triumphed", "broke", "courage") and ________ (D) ("fearless fighter", "powerful, courageous heart of a warrior"), saturate the text with moderate patriotic pathos, thereby helping to express the feelings of the author.

List of terms:

1) syntactic parallelism

2) contextual synonyms

3) impersonation

4) book vocabulary

5) epithets

6) phraseological units

7) rows of homogeneous members

8) antithesis

9) hyperbole

Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

Part 2

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

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Option 2

Explanation.

Main problems:

1. The problem of the dramatic fate of an extraordinary personality. (What was the drama of the fate of an intelligent sincere person in the era of stagnation?)

2. The problem of preserving the best qualities of the soul. (What helps a person to maintain the integrity of his soul in dramatic circumstances?)

3. The problem of homesickness. (What feeling does a person experience when he is far from his homeland? What helps a person to experience homesickness?)

4. The problem of memory about the teacher. (What memory does the teacher leave in the soul of the student?)

1. A person distinguished by intelligence and independence of judgment, in the era of stagnation, was doomed to misunderstanding in the professional sphere.

2. In the most difficult circumstances, loyalty to one's calling, love for people and one's work helps a person to endure; man also draws strength from the great classical works.

3. In a foreign country, a person begins to experience a feeling of loneliness, an aching longing for the homeland, which is helped by communication with loved ones who have remained in their native country, their native language and literature.

4. The teacher, who gave all the strength of his soul to his students, evokes a feeling of gratitude, the deepest respect and sincere love.

№ p/n

Answer

Such

quarter

economical

will recover

74926

criterion

interestingstop

get upset

sign

disliked

first to

123

124

1234

124

in fact

8346

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TRAINING WORK

IN RUSSIAN

IN THE FORMAT OF THE UNIFIED STATE EXAM

IN RUSSIAN

FOR STUDENTS OF 11 CLASSES

Option 2

Part 1

The answers to tasks 1–24 are a number (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers). Write down the answer in the answer field in the text of the work, and then transfer it to the ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the task number, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters. Write each letter or number in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form.

Read the text and do tasks 1-3.

(1) Hardening is training and improvement of heat-regulating mechanisms, strengthening the body's ability to quickly adapt to temperature fluctuations and other changing climatic factors. (2) Hardening ensures the body's resistance to colds, improves health and improves performance. (3)<...>procedures should be gradual, systematic and continuous (daily), individual for each, active and conscious.

1 Indicate two sentences that correctly conveyHOME information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) Hardening procedures that help a person to keep their skin clean should be gradual, systematic and continuous, individual for each.

2) Hardening is a systematic active training of the body's heat-regulating mechanisms, strengthening its ability to quickly adapt to changing climatic factors in order to increase efficiency and resistance to colds.

3) Training is carried out in order to balance the processes of formation and release of heat in the human body.

4) Tempering procedures should be gradual, continuous (daily), individual for each.

5) To improve efficiency and resistance to colds, the human body needs hardening, that is, systematic active training of the body's heat-regulating mechanisms and strengthening its ability to quickly adapt to changing climatic factors.

Answer: .

What word (combination of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence?

In other words,

Exactly

That's why

Besides,

Such

Answer: ___________________________.

3. Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word CONSCIOUS. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

CONSCIOUS , -th, -th; - flax, - flax.

1. Possessing consciousness (in 2 meanings).Man is a conscious being.

2. Correctly evaluating, fully understanding the environment.Conscious attitude towards something.

3. Intentional, done on reflection, deliberate.C. deception. Do something. consciously

Answer: ___________________________.

In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.

lack of leisure

squints (at him)

with X

turn on

quarter

Answer: ___________________________.

In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

ECONOMIC distribution of money in the family helps to make large purchases.

Qualifiers are scheduled for March.

Masha with such a clear and grateful look went to meet the guest that his heart began to beat with joy.

The goods of this well-known company enjoy the same BUYING

demand.

We were amazed at the Plight of our new neighbors.

Answer: ___________________________.

In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

several SCISSORS

skillful COOKS

RECOVERY quickly

in one and a half hours

FIVE ladies

Answer: ___________________________.

Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

A) violation of the construction of a sentence with participial turnover

B) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate

C) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application

D) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

D) violation in the construction of a complex sentence

1) The partisans had not only rifles, but also machine guns and grenades.

2) The lecture was listened to not only attentively, but also recorded.

3) Growing up, children participate in the performance of parental functions: this is household work, and taking care of the younger ones, and any help to parents.

4) Flamingos were walking around the territory of the park, which has now become part of the reserve.

5) Sockeye salmon perseverely overcome all obstacles, swimming many hundreds of kilometers, until they get to the place.

6) We asked if we could do one project work together.

7) Children of employees who have any diseases receive preferential vouchers to the sanatorium.

8) The memoirs of Ilya Rutetsky are dedicated to his youth, which he spent working at a large engineering plant - ZIL.

9) In 1992, the State National Park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha" was included in the World Heritage List of mankind.

Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

Determine the word in which the unstressed unchecked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

enrolled..

kr..teriy

r..vina

get together

stabilize

Answer: ___________________________.

Find a row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words out with the missing letter.

not .. good, be .. reliable

oh.. screw, joking

pr..interesting, pr..cut

over .. tear, pr .. grandmother

ra..lead, be..precedent

Answer: ___________________________.

Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

get upset

take over

dance..

lily of the valley .. out

siren..vy

Answer: ___________________________.

Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.

hung..my

mark..in

kind..my

sign .. sign

chasing

Answer: ___________________________.

Identify the sentence in which NOT with the word is spelled CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write out this word.

Not at all happy faces.

A long (not) sleeping old man.

Rain (not) stopping during the day.

(Not) she fell in love with me at first sight.

The novel is (not) read.

Answer: ___________________________.

Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are spelled ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.

WHAT (WHAT) the guest said, Katerina looked SO (SAME) strictly, as before.

Only with the recognition of Ilya Ilyich to Olga (AT) AT THE BEGINNING of the second part of Oblomov does the plot appear, and (FOR) THEN the action of the novel, which was absent in the first chapters.

(C) THE BEGINNING Marina was uncertain in the village, and even, seeing Lena in the distance, she went into a tall dense rye overgrown with cornflowers, THAT (WOULD) just not catch her neighbor's eyes.

Oblomov draws Stolz his ideal of family life with reference to spiritual inquiries unknown to his ancestors, but (B) GENERALLY maintaining the patriarchal-idyllic spirit: walks (B) TWO after a hearty breakfast, unhurried conversations with friends.

SOMEWHERE in the forest a long howl was heard, but (NONE) of the hunters even flinched.

Answer: ___________________________.

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.

We saw only the foam (1) crests of furious (2) waves and heard the cries of alarm (3) birds, furious (4) flying over the sea.

Answer: ___________________________.

Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.

1) Before dinner, mothers and grandmothers leaned out of the windows and called the children home.

2) The next day, my grandmother woke up at the crack of dawn.

3) On the table one could always see written sheets or an open notebook or folder with a manuscript.

4) The driver either did not hear my words or did not pay attention to them.

5) In moments of melancholy, the formidable general became more helpless than a child, and many were in a hurry to take out their grievances on him.

Answer: ___________________________.

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

I saw all around one boundless azure sea (1) all covered with small ripples of golden scales, and above my head the same boundless, the same azure sky - and across it (2) triumphant (3) and as if laughing (4) the gentle sun rolled.

Answer: ___________________________.

Fill in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

My friends (1) what's the use of this?

Perhaps (2) by the will of heaven,

I will stop being a poet

A new demon will take over me

And, Phoebe's defying threats,

I will stoop to humble prose;

Then romance in the old way

Will take my cheerful sunset.

Do not torment secret villainy

I will portray menacingly in it,

But (3) just (4) I'll tell you

Traditions of the Russian family,

Love captivating dreams

Yes, the customs of our antiquity.

Answer: ___________________________.

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

In "The Fatalist" (1), Pechorin talks about an incident (2) that he (4) witnessed (3).

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

It smells stronger of fog (1) and (2) when we step into the meadow (3) the smell of mowed, still damp grass covers (4), although signs of its first wilting are already visible.

Answer: ___________________________ .

Read the text and complete tasks 20–25.

(1) In the March and April issues of the magazine "Ural" for 2004, the story of Marina Golubitskaya "That's All Love" was published. (2) It is dedicated to the Perm teacher of literature, famous in the 70-80s, Elena Nikolaevna (the surname in the story has been changed, but the name and patronymic have not).

(3) And I knew Elena Nikolaevna well. (4) Under Soviet rule, they survived her from an elite school: they didn’t like then that a person stood out with intelligence and sincerity - oh, how they didn’t like it! (5) And she went to work in a school for working youth, where I just served as a librarian.

(6) In fact, it only seemed to me that I knew Elena Nikolaevna well! (7) 3nala, but I didn’t know! (8) The story contains letters from Elena Nikolaevna, many of her beautiful letters. (9) Deep, vivid letters, in which her love for her students, her memory of each of them so impressed me!

(10) I cried for a long time when I finished reading the story, and these were enlightened, grateful tears. (11) I felt happy both because Marina Golubitskaya wrote this wonderful story about a wonderful person, and because this person lived - Elena Nikolaevna - in Perm, my city! (12) And most of all I was pleased with the thought thatin fact "Time is an honest man." (13) How the teacher loved her students! (14) And they reciprocated her! (15) When Elena Nikolaevna ended up abroad, where she suffered from nostalgia, loneliness and illness, the students wrote, came, helped, wrote again, came again ...

(16) I remember how we once had a long conversation with Elena Nikolaevna at the school of working youth about the Cherry Orchard. (17) She said: “Lopakhin has the ability to live, but no culture, and Ranevskaya has a culture, but absolutely no ability to live.”

- (18) Will there be a time in Russia when all this will fit in one person? I asked.

(19) I remember how ironically she looked at me in response ...

(20) But how she yearned for this Russia! (21) I reread my favorite authors, wrote wonderful letters to students who remained at home. (22) There is such a famous saying: "Patience is beautiful." (23) Her patience was beautiful.

(24) And yet, when she fell ill and ended up in a nursing home ... she suddenly refused to take medicine and died a month later. (25) Like Gogol. (26) But I think so. (27) We will never know why what happened at the end happened ...

(28) But the students remained - many students. (29) And everyone remembers her lessons, her thoughts, her kindness and the breadth of her views. (30) And the same Marina Golubitskaya dreams someday - there - to meet Elena Nikolaevna again and sit with her on the bench, as it happened, to talk heartily ...

(According to N. Gorlanova*)

* Nina Viktorovna Gorlanova (born in 1947) is a Russian writer who has been publishing since 1980.

Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Specify the answer numbers.

1) The memoirs of the author of the text Nina Gorlanova are reflected in her story "That's all love."

2) Elena Nikolaevna, being abroad, received support and help from her students.

3) The author of the text is proud that she studied in the class where Elena Nikolaevna taught.

4) Feeling the sincere love of the teacher, the students reciprocate.

5) Elena Nikolaevna believed that it was possible to combine the ability to live and culture in one person.

Answer: ___________________________.

Which of the following statements are true? Specify the answer numbers.

1) Sentence 15 confirms the judgment expressed in sentence 14 of the text.

2) Sentences 8-9 of the text contain a descriptive fragment.

3) Sentences 11-13 present the narrative.

4) Sentence 24 lists events occurring one after another.

5) Proposition 20 clarifies sentence 19.

Answer: ___________________________.

From sentence 6 write out the phraseological unit.

Answer: ___________________________.

Among sentences 10-15, find one (s) that is (s) connected with the previous one using a conjunction and two personal pronouns. Write the number(s) of this offer(s).

Answer: ___________________________.

Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed in tasks 20-23.

This fragment examines the language features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the gaps (A, B, C, D) with the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. Write in the table under each letter the corresponding number.

Write the sequence of numbers in the ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the task number 24, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters. Write each number in accordance with the samples given in the form.

Read the review snippet. It examines the linguistic features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the gaps with the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list.

“Creating the image of a wonderful teacher, the author uses such syntactic means as (A) _____ (in sentences 15, 29) and (B) _____ (for example, sentences 13, 20), as well as such a device as (C) _____ (in sentences 17, 22). The sincerity and depth of feeling experienced by N. Gorlanova when she read a book about Elena Nikolaevna is shown with the help of such a trope as (D) _____ (enlightened, grateful tears in sentence 10) ”.

List of terms:

1) comparative turnover

2) term

3) exclamatory sentences

4) quoting

5) rhetorical question

6) epithet

7) parceling

8) rows of homogeneous members

9) hyperbole

Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

Do not forget to transfer all answers to the answer sheet No. 1 in accordance with the instructions for completing the work.

Part 2

Use the ANSWER FORM #2 to answer this question.

Write an essay based on the text you read.

Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.

Formulate the position of the author (narrator). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the read text. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on the reader's experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite of the source text without any comments, then such work is evaluated by zero points. MBOU________________________________________________________________

K10

K11

K12

Find material for any lesson,

Option No. 2217089

When completing tasks with a short answer, enter in the answer field the number that corresponds to the number of the correct answer, or a number, a word, a sequence of letters (words) or numbers. The answer should be written without spaces or any additional characters. The answers to tasks 1-26 are a number (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers).

If the option is set by the teacher, you can enter or upload answers to the tasks with a detailed answer into the system. The teacher will see the results of the short answer assignments and will be able to grade the uploaded answers to the long answer assignments. The points given by the teacher will be displayed in your statistics. The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

Version for printing and copying in MS Word

Indicate the no-measure of the pre-lo-zhe-ny, in some it is true re-re-yes-on the MAIN in-for-ma-tion, so-der-zha-scha -I'm in the text. For-pi-shi-te no-me-ra of these pre-lo-same-ny.

1) Ko-ren-noe on-se-le-nie Ma-da-ga-ska-ra na-zy-va-lo le-mu-ra-mi souls of the dead, at night return-return-shav-shi- e-sya to the world of the living and bringing unhappiness and death.

2) Ev-ro-singers, meeting on Ma-da-ga-ska-re zhi-here with sve-ty-schi-mi-sya in dark-but-those eyes-behind-mi, did they call them le-mu-ra-mi, and the name was attached to it.

3) Europeans who fell on Ma-da-ga-skar in the 16th century, for the first time met there harmless animals from long -mi push-shi-sta-mi tail-hundred-mi, chain-ki-mi la-pa-mi and huge-us-mi eyes-for-mi - le-mu-ditch, or "poppies", as they are on-zy-va-li abo-ri-ge-ny.

4) Ko-ren-noe on-se-le-nie Ma-da-ha-ska-ra on-zy-va-et ko-sha-whose le-mu-ditch - animals with huge-us shine-ty-schi-mi-sya in dark-but-those eyes-behind-mi - with the word "poppies".

5) Having got to Ma-da-ga-skar in the 16th century, European-ro-pey-tsy met there le-mu-ditch, harmless animals with long push-shi-hundred-mi tail-hundred-mi, chain-ki-mi la-pa-mi and huge-us-mi-eyes-for-mi, some-ry local residents-te-whether on- zy-va-li "poppies".

<...>

Answer:

Which of the following words (with-che-ta-words) should be in place of the pass in the third sentence?

In this way

Fortunately,

Insofar as

That's why

Answer:

Pro-chi-tai-te fragment of a word-var-noy article, in a swarm, the meaning of the word OWN is added. Define-de-li-those meaning, in some way this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. You-write-shi-those figure, corresponding to-responding-to-th-th-ing of this meaning in the given fragment-men-those of the word-var-noy article.

OWN, th, th.

1. At-over-le-zha-shchy to someone. by right of ownership. S. house.

2. Own, personal. See your own eyes. In your own hands. Feeling of ownership(feeling of respect for oneself). According to own-but-mu-la-tion.

3. On-ho-dying-scha-sya in a non-medium-ve-de-nii, ras-a-rya-nii, under-chi-not-nii-of-something. S. cor-re-spon-dent.

4. Beech-val-ny, one-hundred-I-shchy. V. own meaning of the word.

5. Own-only to someone-something, without any additional additions (special). C. body weight.

6. actually, introductory. You-ra-zha-is more precisely, in essence-no-sti. Actually, I don't argue.

7. actually, parts. You-ra-zha-et ogre-no-thing: without something, other-go-th, in-side-ron-not-go. The Volga system is composed of the Volga itself and its pri-to-ki.

(1) The indigenous people of Madagascar call ring-tailed lemurs, harmless animals with long fluffy tails, prehensile paws and huge, wide-open eyes, the word "poppies", while the modern name - "lemur" - was given by Europeans. (2) In ancient Rome, lemurs were the souls of the dead, who did not find peace in the realm of the dead and returned at night to the world of the living, bringing misfortune and death. (3) With the fall of Rome, the mystical lemurs have sunk into oblivion,<...>When in the 16th century the first Europeans came to Madagascar and met small animals with huge eyes glowing in the dark, they remembered the Roman superstitions about the ghosts of the dead and gave "poppies" their own name, which took root.

Answer:

In one of the words below, there is a mistake in a hundred-new-ke hit-re-niya: NOT-VERY-BUT you-de-le-on a letter, denoting cha-yu-shchaya shock-ny vowel sound. You-pi-shi-te this word.

pro-from-we-den

obituary

ob-li-las

Answer:

In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

In the Sea of Okhotsk, the rescue operation of the Ministry of Emergency Situations to remove ships from ice captivity was completed.

Rosa Lvovna got up from her chair and with a ROYAL gait went to the door.

Lyosha DRESSED the younger sister, and they went to meet dad from work.

The estate was surrounded by a high STONE fence.

During the year, the production development plan HAS undergone significant changes.

Answer:

In one of you-de-len-nyh words below, there is a mistake in the ob-ra-zo-va-ni form of the word. Fix the mistake and write the word right.

according to THEM

in the year two thousand and five

BEAUTY-SI-WEI-SHIY landscape

PRO-PO-LO-SCHIE underwear

couple BO-TI-NOK

Answer:

Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are made: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS

SUGGESTIONS

A) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application

B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

C) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate

D) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

E) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

1) Athletes who will compete at the World Championships are now training hard, dreaming of victory.

2) A. I. Kuindzhi in the painting “Birch Grove”, using a technique not previously used in the Russian landscape, created the image of a sublime, sparkling, radiant world.

3) Thanks to the work of linguists, we learned the names of real people who lived millennia ago: artists and sculptors, emperors and priests.

4) Those who could not watch the new film were very sorry about it.

5) Those who have studied mathematics certainly know about Euclid.

6) An educated person knows both literature and history well.

7) N. M. Karamzin wrote that "let there be honor and glory to our language."

8) Kuindzhi considered himself Russian, he called the Greeks his ancestors, who since antiquity inhabited the Black Sea coast.

9) Observing the rules of etiquette, you can even express displeasure in such a way that no one will be offended.

Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

A	B	IN	G	D

Answer:

Define-de-li-those word, in some-rum pro-for-shche-on without-stress-no-pro-ve-rya-e-may vowel of the root. You-pi-shi-te this word, inserting a missed letter.

rest.. lie-ro-vat

parade..ksal-ny

folding

subtract..tat

Answer:

Define-de-li-te a row, in some-rum in both words pro-pu-sche-on the same letter. You-pi-shi-those these words, inserting a missed letter.

not .. to-ro-vy, in .. puff (of light);

pr..attract, pr..sit down;

counter..gra, vz..play;

in..driving (visa), premium..era;

from .. move-nut, bring .. lie down.

Answer:

You-pi-shi-those word, in some rum in place of the miss-pus-ka-pi-shet-sya letter I.

treat..wat

otv..vav

elbow.. howl

eel..wool

cheap..nice

Answer:

You-pi-shi-te word, in some-rum in the place of the pass, the letter U is written.

laugh..t (they)

hear..t (they)

Answer:

Define-de-li-those pre-lo-zhe-nie, in some rum NOT with the word pi-shet-sya SLIT-BUT. Ras-cut-those brackets and you-pi-shi-te this word.

Ivan Iva-no-vich listened to his son with a tense and (not) wisely-va-yu-schey smile.

The theme of co-chi-non-niya (not) race-cover-ta.

Yes-le-ko (not) a clear plan for the development of the production of the kri-ti-ko-va-li in the mini-stvo.

This place is (not) for-nya.

No one (not) necessary information.

Answer:

Define-de-li-those proposition, in some way both of you-de-len-words are pi-joking SLIT-BUT. Un-cut those brackets and you-pi-shi-those these two words.

Water Bai-ka-la! Quietly the sun went down behind the mountains, you-throw-si-lo (B) UP the farewell green beam, and Bai-kal THAT (SAME) instantly-vein-but reflected in yourself tender greenery.

Mu-zy-ka Sho-pe-na be-re-di-la re-po-mi-na-niya. From her sounds, SO (SAME) as in childhood, re-hwa-you-va-lo throat and ho-te-moose, WHAT (WOULD) people be happy-whether you are.

An-drei Rublev was (ON) IS-TI-NOT you-yes-y-y-shchim-sya ma-ster-rum of the ancient-Russian life-in-pi-si, about-la-da-yu- shchim sa-mo-hundred-i-tel-noy creative ma-ne-swarm. One-of-the-west-but there is not-much about him: (FROM) THAT distant time-me-neither was kept only mi-no-a-tu-ra, for someone -a swarm is imprinted hu-doge-nickname.

If nature-yes THEN (SAME) could feel bla-go-gift-ness to a person (FOR) THE fact that he penetrated into her life, exalted and sang it, this blessing you-pa-la would have been for the share of Pri-shvin-na.

WHAT (WOULD) you could call a thread from Russia to Europe via a mobile connection, (ON) ACCOUNT you need to live at least five hundred rubles.

Answer:

Indicate all the numbers, in place of someone write HH.

De-lav-shie for-mas-ki-ro-va (1) search for robbery for-bra-only what is on-ho-di-moose in the table, other boo-ma-gi leave-le (2) s co-ver-she (3) about not-tro-well-you-mi.

Answer:

Place pre-pi-na-niya signs. Indicate the no-me-ra of the pre-lo-the-same, in some you need to put ONE for the fifth.

1) In the 15th century, they used both heavy cannons for the siege of fortresses and light guns in the left battlefields.

2) The word you-ra-zha-et thoughts and can serve to unite and separate people.

3) Mi-ke-lan-je-lo portrayed people with a mighty body and strong will, brave and not-did-my calm and re-shi- tel-nyh.

4) In the lu-ka-vom mischievous and not-usually-but-ven-but ly-rich-nom go-lo-se Russian ba-la-lai-ki hears-shit-sco-mo- ro-shya daring of the first mu-zy-kan-tov in Russia.

5) Due to a combination of circumstances, after the re-in-lu-tion, Kup-rin was in emissary and for almost twenty years passionately striving -Xia come back to Russia.

Answer:

When a wide, cold shadow from the mountain (3) lay down on the village (1) in the valley (2) behind the roof west (4) people gathered at the white old church.

Answer:

Arrange all not-to-hundred-th-signs of pre-pi-na-niya: indicate the number (s), in place of someone swarm (s) in the pre-lo-s-the-s should stand for the fifth (s).

Ag-ro-but-we often use not-some-something qualities of living or-ga-niz-ms for our own purposes. So (1) for example (2) in agriculture, some types of or-ga-niz-mov serve to protect the crop from harmful the actions of others (3) that is (4) are their own bio-logi-che-guards.

Answer:

Arrange all the signs of pre-pi-na-niya: indicate the number (s), in place of someone swarm (s) in the pre-lo-s-the-s should stand for the fifth (s).

For catching pro-to-pter-ditch zhi-te-li Su-da-na use-pol-zu-yut special ba-ra-ban (1) with help (2) something-ro-go (3) from-yes-yut-sounds (4) pa-y-y-y-rain-de-y-drops.

Answer:

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

At sunset it began to rain (1) which immediately dispelled the stuffiness accumulated in the air (2) and (3) while it loudly and monotonously rustled around the garden around the house (4) the sweet freshness of wet greenery was drawn into the open windows in the hall.

Answer:

Which of you-sa-zy-va-niy co-ot-vet-stvo-yut so-der-zha-niyu tek-hundred? Indicate no-me-ra from-ve-comrade.

1) The external appearance of the country, the face of the country should be the subject of the state for you.

2) Landscape, the landscape of the country is co-ver-shen-but does not depend on the idea of a person-lo-ve-ka about beauty.

3) The economic de-I-tel-ness of man-lo-ve-ka in many ways defines the landscape and landscape of the country.

4) The landscape of the country tells a lot about the relationship between the society and the person-lo-ve-ku, at-ro-de.

5) Not-about-ho-di-mo to co-create a department for the protection of the external type of land.

(According to V. Soloukhin*)

* Vladimir Alekseevich Soloukhin

Option 4.

Answer:

Which of the p-re-numbers of statements are true-la-yut-xia? Indicate no-me-ra from-ve-comrade.

The numbers indicate in a row the age of the race.

1) In pre-lo-same-ni-yah 1-4, pre-becoming-le-but dis-judging and describing.

2) In the pre-lo-same-ni-yah 6-8 pre-becoming-le-but in-west-in-va-nie.

3) Prepositions 8-10 contain elements of men-you dis-judging-de-nia.

4) Proposition 17 contains an explanation of not-saying you-saying-no-go in preposition 16 of judgment.

5) In the pre-lo-same-ni-yah 13-14 contains a description.

(1) Just as an artist creates a landscape painting, so does an entire nation gradually, involuntarily even, perhaps, stroke by stroke over the centuries, create the landscape and landscape of their country.

(2) The face of old, pre-revolutionary Russia was determined, for example, to a large extent by those hundreds of thousands of churches and bell towers that were placed throughout its expanses in mostly elevated places and which determined the silhouette of each city - from the largest to the smallest, as well as hundreds of monasteries, countless windmills and watermills. (3) Tens of thousands of landlord estates with their parks and pond systems also contributed a considerable share to the landscape and landscape of the country. (4) But, of course, first of all, and small villages and villages with willows, wells, sheds, bathhouses, paths, gardens, vegetable gardens, pledges, whorls, carved architraves, skates, porches, fairs, sundresses, round dances, mowing, shepherd's horns, sickles, flails, thatched roofs, small individual fields, plowed horses ... (5) The face of the country changed when all these factors that determine the landscape disappeared.

(6) In the same way that a landscape painter puts a particle of the soul into his creation and creates a landscape, in essence, in his own image and likeness, so the soul of the people and the idea of beauty that is in the soul turns out to be embedded in the landscape of any country of one or another people lives.

(7) It is bad if the soul is asleep, if it is distracted, drowned out by side circumstances, interests, noises, self-interest or other considerations, if it is dead or, to be more precise, is in lethargy. (8) Then spirituality also leaves the landscape. (9) The landscape remains a landscape, but it seems to be empty, the form remains in the absence of content, it breathes cold, alienation, indifference, and that's just emptiness. (10) It becomes indifferent for an individual and a whole people: what will it look like? (11) What will the house, village, river, valley, hills, country as a whole look like? (12) What will be the face of the country?

(13) There are departments for the development and extraction of minerals, for the construction of roads, for agriculture, for electrification, for light, heavy and automotive industries, but there is no department for the appearance of the country (land), for its neatness, tidiness, spirituality .. (14) We think about the strength of structures, about the nature and volume of earthworks, about the amount of wood, about centners and tons, about cubic meters and square meters, but we don’t think about how it will look like? (15) How it will look not only on its own, but in combination with the environment, with the area, in accordance with traditions and with a projection into the future.

(16) The landscape in all its complexity and totality is not just the face of the earth, the face of the country, but also the face of this society.

(17) Trash forest, rutted roads with bogged down cars, shallow rivers, green meadows streaked with tractor caterpillars, half-abandoned villages, agricultural machines rusting in the open, standard houses, weed-infested fields, speak of the inhabitants of a particular village, one or another no less than an unattractive and neglected apartment about its tenants.

(According to V. Soloukhin*)

* Vladimir Alekseevich Soloukhin(1924-1997), poet, prose writer. Reflecting on modern man, V. Soloukhin highlighted the problems of his interaction with the earth, nature, culture, heritage of the past.

Text source: USE 2013. Russian language: training tasks / I.P. Tsybulko, S.I. Lvova - M. : Eksmo, 2012. - 136 pages.

Option 4.

Answer:

From preposition 7 you-pi-shi-te term-min.

(16) The landscape in all its complexity and totality is not just the face of the earth, the face of the country, but also the face of this society.

(According to V. Soloukhin*)

Text source: USE 2013. Russian language: training tasks / I.P. Tsybulko, S.I. Lvova - M. : Eksmo, 2012. - 136 pages.

Option 4.

(7) It's bad if the soul is sleeping, if it is from-vle-che-on, behind-deep-she-on-side-by-we-of-st-I-tel-stva-mi, in-te- re-sa-mi, shu-ma-mi, co-ry-stu or other co-o-ra-same-ni-i-mi, if she is dead or, to be more precise, na-ho -dit-sya in let-tar-gyi.

Answer:

Among the prepositions 1-5, find such (s), some-swarm (s) connected with the previous -shchi define-de-li-tel-no-go and indicate-for-tel-no-go me-hundred-names. Write the number(s) of this offer(s).

(16) The landscape in all its complexity and totality is not just the face of the earth, the face of the country, but also the face of this society.

(According to V. Soloukhin*)

Text source: USE 2013. Russian language: training tasks / I.P. Tsybulko, S.I. Lvova - M. : Eksmo, 2012. - 136 pages.

Option 4.

Answer:

Pro-chi-tay-te fragment of re-census. In it, there are races-smat-ri-va-yut-xia languages especially-ben-no-sti of the text-hundred. Some-one-rye ter-mi-ns, used-pol-zo-van-nye in re-censions, pro-forests. Insert the numbers in the places of the passes, corresponding to the vet-stvo-th-no-me-ru ter-mi-on from the list.

“Dedicating the text to the pro-ble-me of the creation of the landscape and the landscape of the country, V. So-lo-ukhin is already in the first sentence nii, using such a technique as (A) _____, compare-no-wa-et ra-bo-tu hu-doge-no-ka over the landscape map-ti-noy from the co-creation -no-eat land-shaf-ta whole on-ro-house. The same technique is repeated in the second in the sixth pre-lo-same-nii. Using many-numbers (B) _____ (preposition 4, 7, 14, 17), the author is more accurate to describe that or other phenomenon. The key to in-no-ma-niyu pro-ble-we, after becoming an auto-rum, is in pre-lo-no-no-yah 7-12. (B) _____ (“the soul is sleeping, it is dead”) in the 7th pre-lo-s-the-nii for-be-la-et chi-ta-te-la in a look for pri-vych-th things. The text is about-nick-nut by the author-sky in-no-ma-no-eat pro-ble-we. Not-equal-but-soul-noe from-but-she-nie to what the author writes about, in a hundred-yan-but underlining-va-et exactly you-ve-ren-naya lek-si-ka, for example, “tidiness, tidiness, spirituality”, as well as (D) _____ (“of course”, “first of all”)”.

Spi-juice ter-mi-nov:

1) comparative turnover

2) whether something

3) contextual an-to-no-we

4) rows of one-native members

5) oli-tse-tvo-re-nie

6) co-staging

7) introductory words and constructions

8) simple river lek-si-ka

9) ri-to-ri-che-about-ra-sche-nie

Write down the numbers in response, sort them out in a row, corresponding to the letter-to-you:

A	B	IN	G

(16) The landscape in all its complexity and totality is not just the face of the earth, the face of the country, but also the face of this society.

(According to V. Soloukhin*)

Text source: USE 2013. Russian language: training tasks / I.P. Tsybulko, S.I. Lvova - M. : Eksmo, 2012. - 136 pages.

Option 4.

(4) But, of course, first of all, and not-big de-re-ven-ki and villages with vet-la-mi, ko-lod-tsa-mi, sa-ra -i-mi, ban-ka-mi, tro-pin-ka-mi, sa-da-mi, ho-ro-da-mi, for-lo-ga-mi, spin-la-mi, rez-us -mi on-lich-ni-ka-mi, horse-ka-mi, wings-lech-ka-mi, yar-mar-ka-mi, sa-ra-fa-na-mi, ho-ro-vo- yes-mi, in-ko-sa-mi, pas-tu-shii-mi rozh-ka-mi, ser-pa-mi, tse-pa-mi, so-lo-men-ny-mi roof-sha- mi, ma-lazy-ki-mi edi-but-lich-us-mi in-la-mi, lo-shad-ka-mi on pa-ho-te ...

Answer:

Write an essay based on the text you read.

Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.

Comment on the formulated problem. Include in the comment two illustration examples from the read text that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid over-quoting). Explain the meaning of each example and indicate the semantic relationship between them.

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

(16) The landscape in all its complexity and totality is not just the face of the earth, the face of the country, but also the face of this society.