TAKE OFF YOUR SHOES. Before entering a Muslim temple, you must take off your shoes. This should not cause inconvenience for tourists - mosques are always kept clean. You can take care of hygiene in advance - take an extra pair of socks. In some mosques, shoe covers are sold at the entrance, for example, in Kul Sharif. GET DRESSED. Women without a headscarf and in open clothes will not be allowed into the mosque. It is necessary to cover not only the head, but the whole body. It is desirable that the clothing is not tight. In large mosques, which are constantly visited by tourists, scarves and robes are usually offered at the entrance. Men should not relax either: they may not be allowed in shorts or T-shirts. DO NOT INTERFACE THE PRAYERS. If women got to one of the five prayers, another rule applies: do not enter the men's area. The fact is that during prayer, men sit in front, women sit behind a screen, on the second floor or just behind men. The division is quite justified: representatives of the strong half of humanity are unlikely to be able to focus on prayer, looking at how women pray ahead. If you are at the time of prayer, try to bypass the believers from behind. OBSERVE FROM THE SIDE. Large mosques often have observation platforms, ask at the entrance how to get there. In the main mosque of Tatarstan, for example, it offers a beautiful view of the interior. PHOTOGRAPHY WITH A FEELING OF RATE. In temples where tourists often visit, this service may be paid. But remember: not all believing Muslims are loyal to the idea of ​​photographing in a mosque. Shoot the interiors, trying not to disturb the parishioners. DO NOT MAKE NOISE. Don't talk or laugh too loudly. RESPECT THE FEELINGS OF BELIEVERS. Take your time, do not create turmoil around you - mosque visitors are required to behave calmly and respectfully. TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE depends on local traditions. The mosque can be one- or multi-minaret, central-domed or column, with or without a courtyard. Many Kazan mosques are very interesting in terms of architecture. For example, the minaret of the most beautiful Azimovskaya does not rise from the roof of the temple, but stands nearby. Near the Muslim temple or inside it, there are necessarily shells - before prayer, believers perform a ritual ablution. There are mosques located in boiler rooms or basements of houses. Even such unsuitable premises can become Muslim temples. DECORATION OF THE MOSQUE. There are no chairs or benches in the main hall. Believers pray on the floor, mostly on carpets. A distinctive feature of the mosque is the absence of furniture. Often this is compensated by colorful carpets, magnificent vaults or, for example, stained-glass windows. The adhan, or call to prayer, is usually made from the minaret. In Muslim countries, as well as in some secular states where religion occupies a paramount role in people's lives (for example, in Turkey), the azan can be heard five times a day. True, today not all muezzins call the faithful to prayer live - this is recorded for them. Inside the mosque there is a mihrab - a wall or niche facing the qibla. This is a kind of landmark for believers - during prayer, they should be directed towards the qibla. The latter, in turn, points to the Kaaba - a Muslim shrine in Mecca. Another important element of the mosque is the minbar. This is the pulpit from which the imam delivers the Friday sermon. The design of a mihrab or minbar can be sophisticated and interesting. BTW. Mosque is an Arabic word meaning a place of worship. The number of mosques in our republic is constantly increasing. Usually patrons help to build new mosques.

Visiting at least one should be a must on your travel itinerary. And it does not matter in which city of Turkey you plan to spend your vacation. Every Turkish city has a mosque, and not just one, but, for example, as in the case of Istanbul, thousands. As of 2013, there are 82,693 mosques in Istanbul!

Behavior in the mosque

Muslims adhere to certain rules of behavior in the mosque. But, even if you are not a Muslim, you should respect these rules. Ignoring other people's traditions and norms of behavior can only speak of your ignorance and disrespect for the country you decide to visit.

Closed for prayer time

During the hours of prayer (prayer) entrance to the mosque is prohibited. But in between prayers, you are more than welcome. Some people may pray outside during the obligatory prayer hours. Don't stare at them, don't stand too close, and don't walk in front of them.

Prayer periods are determined by the position of the sun in the sky. The five main prayer hours are: Sabah (Sabah - dawn), Oile (Öğle - noon), Ikindi (İkindi - afternoon), Aksham (Akşam - sunset) and Yatsy (Yatsı - night). The imam's call to prayer is an invitation for the believers to come and pray, and a warning for you to start praying.

Take off your shoes

Locals take off their shoes and leave them on a stand near the entrance. Mosques especially frequented by tourists such as the Blue Mosque and the Suleymaniye Mosque offer plastic shoe bags free of charge to avoid confusion. This way you can take the shoes in the bag with you and then put them on when you go out. But not everywhere there is such a service, so it’s better to have a bag with you just in case you don’t want to leave your shoes unattended.

Cover exposed body parts

Behavior in the mosque also applies to your appearance. Believers come to the mosque fully dressed, without exposed parts of the body. The rules for tourists are not so strict, but if you plan to visit a mosque, it is better to dress modestly. A woman's hair must be covered, as well as her shoulders and knees, both for women and men. If you're still unprepared, some mosques offer scarves and dresses for free, but not all, so bring something with you so you don't get stranded.

Silence

In the mosque you can not run, laugh, exchange jokes. If there is a need to say something, try to do it in a whisper. And don't forget to turn off your cell phones.

Photo and video filming in the mosque

Taking pictures and filming videos in the mosque is allowed. However, it is unacceptable to film the process of ablution outside the mosque, and the believers during prayer in the mosque.

Free entry

Entrance to the mosque is free, but donations are very welcome.

Purity

You must come to the mosque clean. This means that the clothes must be clean, and the person must not emit strong odors, whether it be the smell of garlic or perfume. One of the basic tenets of the Muslim faith is purity.

Friday is the obligatory day to visit the mosque

Friday is Muslim day. This article is devoted to the basic norms and ethics associated with Friday and prayer. The article is written on the basis of the well-known modern book on fiqh of the imam's legal school Ash-Shafi'i- Al-Fihku l-manhaji.

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Friday is the best day on which the sun has ever risen. On this day Adam was created, on this day he was settled in Paradise, on this day he was expelled from Paradise, and the Day of Judgment will come on this very day - the day of Friday. At-Tirmidhi).

Proof of the Friday Prayer Order

The words of Almighty Allah (meaning): “O you who believe! When called to prayer on Friday, run to the remembrance of Allah and leave trading. So it will be better for you if you only knew” (Surah “Assembly”, ayat 9).

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Friday prayer is obligatory for all Muslims ...” ( Abu Daoud). The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) also said: “People should stop neglecting Friday prayers, otherwise Allah will seal their hearts, and then they will become indifferent” ( Muslim).

The Wisdom of the Friday Prayer Order

There is much wisdom and benefit in the prescription of the Friday prayer. One of the most important is the weekly meeting of Muslims with each other. They gather for guidance, which strengthens their unity and harmony. The Friday meeting, accompanied by shoulder-to-shoulder worship of Allah, strengthens the love of Muslims for each other, promotes acquaintances and mutual assistance between people. Also, this meeting gives them the opportunity to follow the events taking place in the surrounding society.

Therefore, the Sharia encourages Muslims to attend the Friday prayer and warns against its abandonment or neglect. It is reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Allah will seal the heart of the one who misses the three Friday prayers, neglecting them.”

Conditions for the obligatory Friday prayer

Friday prayer is obligatory for everyone who meets the following conditions:

1. Islam. Friday prayers are not required of a non-Muslim, in the sense that his worship will not be valid without converting to Islam. However, in the next world, he will be asked for her abandonment.

2. Age of majority. Friday prayer is not obligatory for a child.

3. Intelligence. A person who has lost his mind or did not have it is also not required to perform Friday prayers.

4. Belonging to the male sex. Friday prayer is not obligatory for a woman.

5. Health. It is not obligatory to perform Friday prayers for a sick person who, due to pain or illness, finds it difficult to be in the mosque. Also, the obligation to perform Friday prayers falls off a person if his illness may intensify or his recovery may be delayed. Also, it is not necessary for the one who looks after the sick or heals him to go to Friday prayers if the sick person needs this person. And it does not matter whether the sick relative is the one who looks after him or not.

6. Permanent residence in the place of Friday prayer. The performance of the Friday prayer is not obligatory for someone who is on a permitted journey (that is, for someone who did not leave to commit a sin), even a short one, if he left his city before Friday morning prayer and if from the place where he is this man, he does not hear the call to prayer from the city from which he left.

It is also not obligatory to perform Friday prayer for a Muslim who permanently resides in his locality, if it does not have all the conditions for the validity of Friday prayer (they will be discussed below). As, for example, if there are not forty people in it, for whom it is obligatory to perform a prayer, and the azan is not heard from a nearby settlement.

Conditions for the Validity of Friday Prayer

If a Muslim meets the seven conditions listed above, prayer is obligatory for him. However, it will not itself be valid except under four conditions:

1. Friday prayer should be held within the limits of the settlement (the place of its holding should not go beyond the boundary line of city buildings). And it does not matter whether we are talking about a city or a settlement in which at least forty men permanently reside, who are obliged to perform Friday prayers.

Thus, the prayer will not be valid in the desert steppe, tent city or settlement in which there are not forty men who are obliged to perform the Friday prayer. If the azan is heard there from a neighboring settlement, then people are obliged to go there to perform the Friday prayer. Otherwise, the obligation to perform the Friday prayer falls from them.

2. The number of people performing the Friday prayer, for whom it is obligatory, should not be less than forty people. We are talking about adult men permanently residing in the locality in which the Friday prayer is performed. From Jabir ibn Abdullah It is reported that he said: “In accordance with the Sunnah, the Friday prayer is performed in the presence of forty or more prayers.” Also in one of the hadiths it is said that the first who gathered the Muslims and performed the Friday prayer with them was As'ad ibn Zirara and there were forty of them.

3. The Friday Prayer must be performed during the time interval in which the obligatory dinner prayer is performed.

Al Bukhari reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) performed Friday prayers when the sun passed the zenith, that is, deviated towards sunset.

Also reported by Al-Bukhari and Muslim from Salam ibn al-Akwa', who said: "We performed Friday prayers together with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and when we parted, there were no shadows near the walls in which we could hide."

It is also reported that Sahl ibn Sa'd said: “We went for a midday rest and dined only after Friday prayers” (Al-Bukhari, Muslim).

The above hadiths indicate that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) prayed only during the time interval of the obligatory dinner prayer, and at the beginning of this interval.

4. Friday prayer should not be held in one city more times than necessary. In general, it is obligatory for the inhabitants of one city to gather for Friday prayers in one place. If the number of people or other circumstances do not allow to perform the Friday prayer in one place, it is allowed to perform it in as many places as necessary, but no more than that.

The proof of this condition

During the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), the righteous caliphs and the next generation of Muslims, prayer was not held except in one place in the city, in which there was a large mosque called Friday. The rest of the mosques served for the five obligatory prayers.

Narrated Al-Bukhari and Muslim from Aisha, who said: “On Friday, people went one after another [to prayer] from their houses [located outside the city].”

The reason (wisdom) for this condition is that the Friday prayer in one place is more in line with the goals for which it was established: the desire for the unity of society and a single word addressed to Muslims.

Friday Prayer Etiquette

1. Before Friday prayers, one should bathe (take a bath - ghusl). The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “If you go to Friday prayer, then take a bath” (Al-Bukhari, Muslim).

However, bathing is desirable, not obligatory, according to other words of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): “Whoever performs ablution on Friday will receive good (do the right thing), if he bathes, then it will be preferable.” Some scholars consider bathing on Friday obligatory.

2. It is desirable for a man to anoint himself with incense. This is indicated by a hadith quoted by Al-Bukhari (843). Friday prayer is accompanied by pandemonium, and people should not cause each other inconvenience related to hygiene and neatness.

3. It is advisable to wear the best clothes for prayer, as indicated by the hadith narrated Ahmad (3/81).

4. It is advisable to cut your nails and cut your mustache, as indicated by the hadeeth from Al Bazzara.

5. You should go to prayer as early as possible. This is indicated by a hadith reported by Al-Bukhari (841) and Muslim (850).

6. Upon entering the mosque, one should perform a salutatory prayer of two rak'ahs. This is indicated by a hadith narrated by Muslim (875).

7. It is forbidden to talk during the khutbah. One cannot even make a remark aloud to one who speaks during the khutba, as indicated by the hadith transmitted by Al-Bukhari (892) and Muslim (851).

General Friday Etiquette

Friday is the best day of the week and has its own virtues and ethics. A Muslim should know them, receiving the reward of Allah for their observance:

2. On Friday and on Friday night, it is advisable to more often make dua to Allah Almighty. Allah has set a period of time during Friday in which He is sure to answer dua, as indicated by the hadeeth narrated by Al-Bukhari (893) and Muslim (852).

Complete modern encyclopedia of etiquette Yuzhin Vladimir Ivanovich

Behavior in the mosque

Behavior in the mosque

A mosque is a prayer building for Muslims. It is not a holy place, a temple in the full sense of the word. The only exception is Masjid al-haram - the Forbidden Mosque, which is located in Mecca. In the center of it stands the Kaaba - the main shrine of Muslims.

In the first centuries of the existence of Islam, the mosque was built wall to wall with the house of the governor, the treasury was kept in it, decrees were announced, Sharia court was administered. Nowadays, the secular functions of the mosque have changed, but it still plays a unifying role: various holidays are organized here, not necessarily religious ones, performances by Islamic figures, contests of Koran readers, etc. In addition, a visitor can always spend the night in the mosque.

According to the level of their significance, mosques are divided into cathedral (they are also Friday), quarter, home, mosques at madrasahs, as well as at airports, hotels, etc. The usual appearance of the mosque, including a dome and a minaret, took shape only around the 8th century.

Five times a day at a strictly defined time, the azan is heard from the minaret - a call to prayer. It is proclaimed by a special minister - the muezzin. Inside the mosque, the direction of prayer is determined by the mihrab - a special niche in the wall facing Mecca. To the right of the mihrab in the cathedral mosque there is a minbar - a platform for the preacher.

The entrance to the mosque for men and women is both common and separate, but women usually pray on the second floor or in a fenced off part of the first floor.

There are certain rules that apply to anyone who comes to the mosque, regardless of religion. It is forbidden to enter the mosque while intoxicated. The outward appearance of a visitor to a mosque should not offend the gaze of believers: clean, modest and fairly closed clothing should be worn.

The floor in the mosque is covered with carpets, so shoes are left at the entrance. In large mosques, special employees accept shoes and issue a token.

There are special rules for visiting mosques for women. Clothing should cover the entire body, with the exception of the face, hands and feet, its color should not be defiantly bright, and the silhouette should be tight-fitting. Hair should be completely hidden under a scarf. The level of requirements for the appearance of women in different mosques is different.

So, in Moscow, a relatively long dress and a scarf are enough, and, for example, in Mashhad, a foreign visitor is given a veil. On "critical days" a woman is forbidden to visit the mosque.

In general, visitors to the mosque behave very relaxed: they sit or lie on the floor, eat, sleep, communicate with each other. But at the same time, at any time, someone can perform prayer ( Arab. salat - salad, salat), that is, pray, someone - read the Koran or just focus on the thought of the Almighty. Therefore, one should not raise one's voice, laugh, swear, etc.

When the time for prayer comes, believers perform ablution (wudu) and line up behind the imam - the primate in prayer. Those who for some reason do not take part in collective prayer are not required to leave the mosque.

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Among the many diverse buildings built by people on Earth, the places where people came to bow to the Almighty always stood out. They tried to make them taller than ordinary houses, decorate them in a variety of ways and treat them with special respect.

No wonder in Islam mosques - places of worship and worship - are called houses of Allah(beitullah in Arabic). Of course, this should not be understood in the sense that the Almighty lives in this place, it means that the mosques are especially dedicated to Allah - they hold common prayers there, commemorate His name, where people renounce worldly fuss. Therefore, when a person goes to the mosque, he, one might say, goes to visit the Almighty.

The Quran speaks of these special places as follows:

“Indeed, the mosques belong to Allah, and worship Allah alone there.” (72:18).

Our Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) emphasized many times that a person who loves to visit mosques will be especially rewarded for this. In a well-known hadith, which lists seven categories of people who will be able to hide on the Day of Judgment in the shadow of the Throne of Allah, it is said that among these chosen ones there will be a person whose heart was tied to a mosque in earthly life.

A mosque is not only a place for daily prayer. In our time, when people are especially busy with worldly fuss and passionate about the pursuit of earthly goods, a mosque is a place where people who are devoted to religion gather. Here you can meet with brothers and sisters in faith, lectures and lessons on the basics of religion are held here, the Koran is read. One of the hadiths says that “A mosque is a home for every believer”. Another message states that:

“When a person comes to the mosque for prayer and remembrance of Allah, Allah Almighty greets him joyfully, just as a family joyfully greets a person who has returned home” (Ibn Maja).

I think there are no Muslims who would not understand the significance of the mosque. However, unfortunately, from time to time one has to observe that Muslims do not always behave properly in mosques and show due respect to this place.

So, how should one behave in the mosque and what should not be done there?

1 . If the mosque is the house of the Almighty, and we, when we are in them, are His guests, then when going to the mosque, we should behave accordingly. When we go to visit - especially to respected people - we carefully wash our faces, put on clean and beautiful clothes, and comb our hair neatly.

Moreover, going to the mosque, you need to be clean and tidy, and be in a state of ritual purity (taharat). This is especially true for people who go to Juma prayer on Friday - it is highly desirable for them to swim, put on their best clothes and put themselves in order.

Also, the clothes of those in the mosque should cover the awrah - those parts of the body that need to be hidden from outsiders. For women, in particular, it is the whole body, except for the face, hands and feet. It is also undesirable for men to be in shorts or in trousers that are too tight - although formally these clothes cover the awrah, this contradicts a respectful attitude towards a place for prayer.

2. Believers should take care of the property of the mosque- do not disturb the order there, do not spoil her property, do not dirty, do not litter. There is no need to think that keeping order in the mosque is the business of its workers only. No, this applies to all of us.

In one of the stories from the life of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) it is reported that a woman lived in Medina who tried to voluntarily maintain order in the mosque. Once the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not see her and asked what was wrong with her. Companions told him that she had died. Then he performed a funeral prayer for her and said: “I saw her in Paradise. She was rewarded for cleaning the mosque.” (Bukhari).

Order should be maintained not only in the mosque itself, but also in the territory adjacent to it.

3. When entering the mosque, one should enter from the right foot, saying the following dua:

"Allahumma iftah li abwaba rahmatik"

"O Allah, open for me the gates of Your mercy"

After entering the mosque, before sitting down, it is highly desirable to perform two rak'ah prayers of greeting the mosque - tahiyatul-masjid. It can be performed at any time, except for those periods of time when it is undesirable to read prayer (makruh) - during sunrise, until it completely rises above the horizon; during the zenith, until the sun begins to decline; and during sunset until it is completely set.

In this case, you can say the following words instead of prayer:

“Subhanallahi wal-hamdu lillahi wa la ilaha illallahu wallahu akbar”

"Holy is Allah, all praise be to Allah, there is no deity but Allah, Allah is great."

When leaving the mosque, it is advisable to say the following dua:

"Allahumma inni asalyuka min fadlik"

"O Allah, I ask for Your mercy"

4. A person who emits a strong unpleasant odor should not be in the mosque. Therefore, believers should refrain from eating foods such as onions or garlic before leaving for the mosque.

It is reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said about this: “Whoever has eaten one of these two vegetables (onion or garlic), let him not approach our mosques until he stops smelling” (Muslim).

Women should refrain from using perfumes - this is condemned for them in public places and, even more so, in a place like a mosque.

5. Mosques should be quiet- do not raise your voice, even if a person reads the Koran or dhikr, this distracts other prayers. Moreover, it will be a gross violation of mosque etiquette if people, forgetting about the sanctity of the place where they are, start talking loudly on extraneous topics, arguing, making noise.

6. Remember to turn off your mobile phones before entering the mosque or turn off the sound on them. The use of telephones in the mosque - when the ringtone is heard during a common prayer - has become a real scourge of our time. And although before the start of each prayer, many imams specifically make a reminder of this, there are people who ignore these requests.

Answering phones and talking on the phone in a mosque will also be contrary to respect for this place. If you have some important conversation, it would be better to go outside and chat there.

7. It is not allowed to make trade deals in the mosque or make announcements about missing things, and in general - it is better not to talk about worldly topics, especially in a way that disturbs other people.

8. It is considered disrespectful to sit in a mosque with your legs stretched out in the direction of the qibla- the direction in which prayers are performed.

9. You should not pass in front of a person who performs prayer; lift those people who have already sat down in a row to go forward; to push into the row if there is no more space in it.

10. If a person came to the mosque at the time when the azan sounds, then leaving the mosque without performing a collective prayer is condemned(unless he is an imam in another mosque). There is a post that says:

“We were sitting in the mosque with Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) and the muezzin read the adhan. At this time, one man got up and left. Abu Hurayrah followed him with his eyes and said: “Verily, this man disobeyed the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).” (Abu Dawud and Muslim).

11. A separate moment is the presence of children in the mosque. We often see that parents - especially women - bring small children with them to the mosque, who can then run, play and make noise in the prayer hall, distracting other people.

This should also be avoided - it is better to bring children to the mosque at the age when they are already aware of the sanctity of this place and know how to behave correctly (do not scream, do not run, do not dirty anything). If you have no one to leave the child with, take toys or books for him so that he has something to do and he can sit quietly.

If you are going to come to the mosque for the first time

People who have only recently come to observe a religion or have recently converted to Islam, especially women, often worry: “Can I come to the mosque, how to dress, how to behave?” Here are some highlights for them:

As we said above, one should come to the mosque in a state of ritual purity - to perform a small ablution or, if possible, to bathe. Clothes and shoes must be clean.

If you are a woman:

Women should wear clothing that covers their entire body, except for the face, hands and feet. Also, clothing should not be too tight or see-through. If you do not have a long skirt or dress, you can wear trousers, but wide ones, and put on a long jacket or tunic on top. Be sure to cover your head with a scarf.

Do not use perfume or other strong-smelling perfumes.

Mosques usually have a separate entrance for women, or separate halls for men and women. Find out in advance when entering the mosque where you should go.

Many Islamic scholars condemned the presence of women in the mosque during haida and nifas (monthly and postpartum bleeding). So it is better not to visit the mosque in such a state.

If you still do not know how to perform namaz, but have come just to watch, try not to interfere with other prayers. You should not unnecessarily walk around the prayer hall, and especially try not to pass in front of a person who is praying.

If you want to ask something, do it quietly, in a whisper - and not at the time when the collective prayer is being performed. Even if you are interested in some religious issues, it is better not to start long conversations with one of the visitors, this distracts those who came to pray - it is better to find out when the lessons on the basics of Islam are held in order to find out the moments you need from knowledgeable people.

And may Allah Almighty help us observe etiquette in the house of Allah.

Anna (Muslima) Kobulova