Motor ship 305. River cruises inside
Historical Series
Project 305
At one time, Hungarian enterprises built several wheeled passenger ships for the Soviet Union. These ships sailed along the rivers, where the water is always flat, but on lakes and reservoirs, due to strong winds and waves, they became difficult to control. Therefore, the Hungarian shipbuilders order. ™ screw cargo-passenger ships. The designers of the Obuda plant developed the motor ships of project 305 and on December 4, 1957 it was approved by the Ministry of the River Fleet and in 1959 the lead ship Danube was handed over to us. Then they built about two dozen more ships of the same type with him, which were given the names of rivers, for example, "Bug", "Daugava", later some were renamed. In particular, "Dvestr", which I commanded, starting from 1976, for 8 years became "Pavel Yudin" in honor of the former head of the Moscow River Shipping Company.
In its bunk superstructure there were cabins with sleeping places for passengers - 49 soft, 136 hard and, on main deck, 96 seats. Below them, in the hull, there were 6- and 8-bed cabins. All of them were ventilated and heated in cold weather. Initially, all cabins were going to be equipped with separate sanitary facilities, but then someone decided to save money and arranged common floor-to-floor showers and toilets, as in some hotels, which, of course, was not very convenient.
On the main deck there was a restaurant for 58 visitors, and on the middle deck there was another, smaller one, for 36 people. Both had food storage, drinks, including in refrigerators. There was also a cinema.
At the disposal of the captain, navigator and watchmen were the Ocean radio station, the B2E-1 / 9 radar and the River echo sounder. By now, not much, but 50 years ago it was considered sufficient.
Project 305 ships were equipped with two 8NVD-36 engines with a power of 400 hp each, equipped
nym remote hydraulic control system from the wheelhouse. They were started by compressed air supplied by a compressor or from cylinders, and set in motion two steel 4-blade propellers rotating in opposite directions.
Like other ships, the Paata Yudin had auxiliary units - two 4DV224 diesel engines with DGB-17/8 generators, which generated 220 V electric current, and a spare one - an emergency one, which turned on automatically when the main ones stopped for some reason.
For all power plants, a supply of liquid fuel and engine oil was provided. The tanks for them were located between the engine room and the cargo hold with a volume of 300 cubic meters with two hatches and a pair of elevators, designed for a load of 1 ton each.
My ship, like other ships of this type, was equipped with bow and stern ballast tanks with a capacity of 8 and 25 cubic meters, respectively, with their own bilge pumps.
Hungarian shipbuilders put on the vessels of the project 305 two semi-balanced outboard rudders, shifted using an electric machine. There was also an auxiliary hand wheel.
The anchor device consisted of two bow, Hall system, weighing 700 and 500 kg with a windlass and a 250-kg stern with a capstan.
To save passengers and crew in the event of an accident, a motorboat and a boat of the SSHP-3 type were intended, accommodating 16 people, eight ten-seater rafts, 12 lifebuoys and 366 bibs. In general, there was enough for everyone on board. In addition, there was also an aluminum work boat designed for service patrols.
Project 305 motor ships were successfully operated on the rivers,
lah and reservoirs, transported passengers and small consignments of cargo. But the first ones were few, and the ships began to be transferred to tourist flights, for example, from Moscow to Rostov-on-Don and back for 21 days.
My "Pavel Yudin" was a good ship, although not without flaws. In particular, with a strong side wind, he behaved like a feather. - the large windage affected, because with a hull length of almost 80 m and a draft of one and a half meters, its height from the waterline reaches 13 m.
In the 90s. many motor ships of this type were transferred to other pools and formed private entrepreneurs, and they converted them into "three-star" floating hotels: 2-3 cabins were combined into one extra class, bathrooms were installed in them, restaurants and bars were decorated in a modern style.
It is clear that private owners acquired not only ships, but also captains, navigators, mechanics and maintenance personnel. In recent years, many experienced boatmasters have left the shipping companies for them, the rest are on the threshold of retirement age, and they are not expected to change. It is no secret that a course in industry is not enough to train a qualified specialist. educational institutions, to become a professional, it will take years of work on ships, and there are less and less of them in state shipping companies.
True, the ships of private armaturers are far from the first youth, but the crews are paid much more. And, as you know, if not everything, then much, which determines the efficiency of the domestic economy, depends on personnel. Including water transport.
Georgy SHTEK, Deputy Head of the Directorate for Safety of Navigation and Personnel Policy of the Moscow River Shipping Company
Rice. Mikhail SHMITOV
Project 305
Motor ship "Bashkortostan" project 305 on the Volga in Sosenki
"Danube"(project 305) - a series of medium-sized river cargo-passenger motor ships designed to operate on tourist and transport lines. They were built in Hungary at the Obuda Hajogyar Budapest plant by order of the USSR in 1959-1967. A total of 49 ships of project 305 were built. Ships of this type were named after the rivers of the USSR, but later some of them were renamed.
At the beginning of the 21st century, some of the ships continue to operate, while some have already been decommissioned. Some ships have been converted for use as hotels.
The ships of project 305 are almost identical to the ships of project 860 (type "Erofey Khabarov").
Conditions for accommodation of passengers
Initially, the ships of this project had one-, two-, four-, as well as six- and eight-bed cabins, including those equipped with wash basins, two restaurants, two saloons and a room with passenger seats (which was most often used as a cinema hall). During the subsequent modernization of these vessels, the cabins large capacity were liquidated, instead of them, rooms for bars, etc. were equipped.
Spreading
Motor ships of the "Danube" type were used on the Volga, Kama, Belaya, Don, Oka, Moscow River, Northern Dvina, Ob, Irtysh. These vessels served the routes Moscow - Oka - Nizhny Novgorod - Volga - Moscow, Moscow - Ufa, Moscow - Perm and others in the Volga basin; Arkhangelsk - Kotlas; Novosibirsk - Omsk, Novosibirsk - Barnaul.
Initially, the following shipping companies were the operators of the Project 305 vessels: Volzhskoye, Kamskoye, Belskoye, Moskovskoye, Severnoye, Volga-Donskoye, West Siberian, Ob-Irtyshskoye. Since the 1990s, some of this type of boat has been sold to various private tour companies.
Two vessels of this type were built for countries of Eastern Europe: one for Hungary (SZOCIALISTA FORRADALOM) and one for Slovakia (DRUŽBA). Originally built for the USSR, the Don was later sold to Hungary and renamed Europa.
Specifications
- River register class: O
- Estimated/overall length: 74.6 m / 77.91 m
- Estimated/overall width: 10.5 m / 15.2 m
- Height from main line: 12.25 m
- Draft average: 1.36 m
- Displacement with cargo, passengers and full stores: 800 tons
- Dock weight 620 tons
- Passenger capacity total: 311 people, of which
- 79 in cabins of the first and second categories
- 136 in cabins of the third category
- 96 seating fourth category
- The restaurant could accommodate 94 people
- Crew seats: 55
- Load capacity: 80 tons
- Engines: diesel four-stroke compressorless reversible 8NVD36 or 6NVD36, two pieces with a capacity of 400 hp. (294 kW)
- Speed in deep water: 20 km/h
Links
| Serial passenger river vessels of the USSR and Russia (post-war period) | |
|---|---|
| distant | Joseph Stalin/Ryazan| Russia | Baikal | Leo Tolstoy | Motherland | October Revolution| Lenin | Erofey Khabarov | Danube| Cupid | Volga | Maksim Gorky | Vladimir Ilyich | Valerian Kuibyshev| Anton Chekhov | Ukraine | Dmitry Furmanov| Sergey Yesenin |
| Local (river trams) | Moskvich | K-80 | OM | PS (PT) and PP| C | MO | VTU | Projects 222, 222V, 222U| Project 1083 | Project 930 | Project 236 | Neva | Moscow | Fontanka | chestnut | Volga | Moscow | Perseus |
| Notable non-series vessels | Catamaran Rest |
| River buses | |
- Project 305 vessels on the Russian River Passenger Fleet website
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .
- Project 301
- Project 588
See what "Project 305" is in other dictionaries:
(305) Gordonia- Discovery Discoverer Auguste Charlois Place of discovery Nice Date of discovery February 16, 1891 Alternative designations 1938 SC1; 1970 SP1 Category Main ring ... Wikipedia
land surveying project- an integral part of territorial planning projects or a separate document prepared in order to establish the boundaries of built-up and non-built-up land plots, the requirements for which are established by article 43 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian ...
project- 4.29 project an attempt at activities with defined start and end dates undertaken to create a product or service in accordance with given resources and requirements. Note 1 Adapted from ISO 9000:2005. Note 2... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation- Armored boat Project "1124" BK 99 (until 2.12.1944 BKA No. 99) Serial No. 99. 2.12.1944 included in the BF (listed from the LVF). He was a member of the 1st Petrozavodsk division of the BKA BF. BK 100 (until December 2, 1944 BKA No. 100) Factory ... ... Military Encyclopedia
Small hunter Project 1124/11- BK 115 Serial No. 313. Laid down in 1943 at Plant No. 638 in Astrakhan. 04/09/1944 was enlisted in the lists of the Navy with a temporary, for the period of acceptance tests, transfer to the KBF. Launched in the spring of 1944, 07/20/1944 upon acceptance from ... ... Military Encyclopedia
School No. 305 (Moscow)- School No. 305 Motto Let's learn patience, respect, we are looking for a joint solution. Founded on September 1, 1967 Director Arakelyan Armine Sedrakovna Type secondary general education school ... Wikipedia
TSN 30-305-2002: Urban planning. Reconstruction and development of non-central districts of St. Petersburg- Terminology TSN 30 305 2002: Urban planning. Reconstruction and development of non-central areas Saint Petersburg: a blocked residential building a building consisting of two or more directly adjacent residential buildings (apartments) for one ... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation
Motor ships of the 305th project have many fans. And because of the ability to exercise on them interesting routes, inaccessible to other types of ships, and because of the small size and cozy "home" environment on board.
However, although this has already been said more than once, it must be said again: in today's difficult conditions, aggravated by last year's "Bulgaria" catastrophe, they fall most deeply into the "economic hole."
There are several reasons for this, here are the main ones:
- Economic indicators, according to the original project, more or less tolerable, deteriorate sharply with an increase in the comfort of the cabins and a decrease in passenger capacity. But it is impossible not to do this, since "native" cabins in the 21st century can be recognized as suitable for human habitation with great difficulty.
- Low speed compared to other projects. In order to meet a certain number of flight days, it is necessary to reduce parking in the schedule. Or increase the duration in days, which leads to an increase in the cost of the voyage in comparison with similar routes of a faster ship. And the longer the voyage, the greater the competitive gap with ships of other projects. That is, if on the sections Moscow - Uglich, Myshkin, Tver, even Yaroslavl - you can still somehow compete, then on long flights, a reduction in excursion stops or an increase in duration (cost) is inevitable.
- Oka. Everyone says, and rightly so, that the 305th can go where others will not pass - the Oka, Belaya and other similar rivers or sections of rivers. But the Oka is navigable rather conditionally. Even in this rainier summer compared to the two previous ones, the limiting depth at the lower threshold of the Kuzma lock does not allow the Oka to pass. There is no water on Belaya either.
- The layout of the project also cannot be called successful. It is also sometimes called “a floating engine room” “behind the eyes”, since the large-capacity MKO is located in the middle of the hull and is a noticeable factor of discomfort in the passenger area almost throughout its entire length (unlike other projects, vibration is felt even in the bow cabin).
- It is 2-deck, and this turned out to be a significant moment on the market in our time, again because of the "Bulgaria". The consumer thinks something like this: "The car that had an accident had 4 wheels. This one also has 4, so I won't go on it." How many decks? Two? That is, like in "Bulgaria"? Goodbye!
And it is impossible to convince the client, because in the vast majority of cases he does not even enter into a dialogue with the seller, but simply ignores the proposals that are dubious from his point of view.
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Today we are filming four last voyages of Obraztsov, starting from Samara, due to unsatisfactory loading and unnavigability of the Oka. It so happened that the Samara flight was planned as a "circumnavigation" from north to south. Now there are about 35 tourists there, if you remove the Oka, then half of them will remain, since another ship could have been chosen back and forth along the Volga to Samara. And after "Obraztsov" cruises were planned from YuRV - Murom, then Krugosvetka ...
Calling customers is already underway, a release is being prepared and will be published on the site in the next few hours.
And next year, adjustments will be made to the mode of operation of motor ships of the 305th MTF project.
"Pirogov" also has a flight along the Oka, and we "keep our fists" for it. But he has a final flight (around the world), and today the main problem on the Oka is the Kuzminsky lock. In the extreme, the most extreme case, if he fails to pass it, the option of landing in Ryazan will remain, with bus tour in Konstantinovo and transfer to Moscow.
Such are the ugly things.
At one time, Hungarian enterprises built several wheeled passenger ships for the USSR. These went along the rivers, where the water is always flat, but on lakes and reservoirs, due to strong winds and waves, they became difficult to control. Therefore, propellers were ordered from Hungarian shipbuilders cargo-passenger ships.
Designers of the shipbuilding enterprise Obuda Hajogyar Budapest» developed passenger ships project 305 and on December 4, 1957 it was approved by the Ministry of River Fleet, and in 1959 the head vessel entitled " Danube».
A total of 47 ships of this project were built. Passenger ships gave the name of the rivers, which were later renamed. In particular, the ship Dniester"since 1976 became known as" Pavel Yudin».
passenger ship "Grigory Pirogov" project 305
River ships project 305 - medium passenger ships designed to operate on the lines of river tours. Due to the shallow draft, passenger ships are optimally suited for operation on rivers with shallow depths.
In a two-deck superstructure ships there were cabins with sleeping places for passengers - 49 soft, 136 hard and 96 seats on the main deck. Below them, in the hull are six and eight-bed cabins. All of them were ventilated and heated in cold weather. For the sake of economy, bathrooms were shared on each deck, which was rather inconvenient. On the main deck there was a restaurant, designed for 58 visitors, and on the middle deck - for 36 people. Each had a food storage with a refrigeration unit. There was also a cinema hall on one of the decks.
Passenger ships project 305 were equipped with two diesel engines of the type " 8NVD-36» with a capacity of 400 liters. with. each equipped with a remote hydraulic control system from the wheelhouse. They set in motion two steel four-bladed propellers. Also, all river vessels had auxiliary installations - two diesel engines " 4DV224» with generators « DGB-17/8».
Hungarian shipbuilders installed on passenger ships two semi-balanced outboard steering wheels, shifted using an electric machine. There was also an auxiliary hand wheel. The anchor device consisted of two bow systems "", weighing 700 kg and 500 kg with a windlass, and 250 kg with a capstan in the stern.
To rescue passengers and crew members, a motorboat and a boat of the SSHP-3 type were intended, which could accommodate 16 people. In addition, 8 ten-seater rafts, 12 lifebuoys and 366 chest kits were provided. disadvantage river vessels project 305 had a large windage.
passenger ships of project 305 photo
passenger ship project 305
river ship "Salavat Yulaev"
Passenger ships Project 305 were successfully operated on rivers, canals and reservoirs, delivering passengers and small consignments of cargo. Over time, ships were organized and began to be transferred to tourist flights, with duration tour 21 day.
in deluxe cabin
In the 1990s, many river boats began to be transferred to private enterprises, and they, in turn, converted them into floating hotels. After modernization, the level of comfort on passenger ships of project 305 has significantly increased. Of the three- and four-bed cabins, they made one deluxe. They installed a bathroom, an air conditioning system and a bar. Interior decoration and furnishings were designed in style. Naturally, the new shipowners acquired not only passenger ships, they received captains and the entire crew. The reason is obvious - high wages.
Today river fleet ships project 305 are successfully operated, carrying out cruises on the rivers Volga, Kama, Don, Oka, Moscow, Northern Dvina, Ob, Irtysh, Belaya and Danube. Passenger ships project 305 are considered one of the most successful and massive series river ships built for the USSR.
Technical data of the cargo-passenger ship of project 305 "Danube":
Length - 77.9 m;
Width - 15.3 m;
Draft - 1.4 m;
Displacement - 800 tons;
Ship power point
- two diesel engines "8NVD-36";
Power - 800 l. with.;
Speed - 20 km / h;
Number of decks - 2;
Number of passengers - 311 people;
Crew - 35 people;
