Meteor hydrofoil boat. Boat Meteor: specifications

Traveling around our country every day you discover something new. So today, on a cruise in Petrozavodsk, I discovered just such a curiosity. These are hydrofoil ships "Kometa" and "Meteor". Since I was not prepared to meet such vessels, the Meteor practically did not get into the frame, because I thought that they were the same. From Petrozavodsk "Meteors" and "Comets" operate flights on Onega lake to Kizhi, Velikaya Guba and Shala. The fare, for example, to Kizhi is 1375 rubles one way. Pleasure is not cheap.

1. "Kometa" - a series of sea (the first in this class) passenger ships on hydrofoils. The motor ship was developed in 1961 at the Central Design Bureau for Hydrofoils named after I. R. E. Alekseeva. Serially produced in 1964-1981 at Feodosia shipyard"Sea" (a total of 86 "Comets" were built, including 34 for export) and in 1962-1992 at the Poti shipyard (project 342 ME, 39 ships).

2. Displacement 41.2 t (empty), 58.3 t (full), length 35.1 m, width 11.0 m, height 7.8 m (when running on wings), draft 3.6 m (when parked) , 1.7 m (when running on wings).

3. The ship is equipped with 2 diesel engines M-401A, 1 auxiliary diesel generator-compressor-pump. Power 2200 hp, propeller 2 propellers, travel speed 60 km/h (maximum), 55-57 km/h or 30 knots (operational).

4. Crew 5 people, passenger capacity up to 120 people (depending on modification). Passengers are accommodated in three cabins equipped with soft seats: bow, middle and stern. The passenger compartment resembles the cabin of an aircraft, because even the seats are of an aircraft type.

5. In the parking lot and when moving at low speed, the hydrofoil is kept on the water due to the force of Archimedes, like an ordinary displacement vessel. At high speed, due to the lift created by these wings, the ship rises above the water. At the same time, the area of ​​contact with water is significantly reduced, and, consequently, the hydrodynamic and frontal resistance of water, which allows you to develop a higher speed.

6. "Meteor", project 342E hydrofoil river passenger ship, developed by Rostislav Alekseev. Produced from 1961 to 1991 at the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant named after. A. M. Gorky. In total, more than 400 ships of this series were built.

7. And this photo is a bonus. Here is such a sunset today on Lake Onega.

My next post will be about the city of Petrozavodsk. As they say, Stay tuned.

At first glance, it looks like a Star Wars spaceship. In fact, this rusting ship was made more than 40 years ago. During the Cold War, such hydrofoils plied the rivers in the Soviet Union with great speed, causing general delight and admiration of passengers.

The creators of Soviet passenger hydrofoil ships used a technology in which, after reaching a certain speed, the ship's hull rose above the surface of the water. This reduced drag and allowed for incredible speeds of up to 150 km/h.

These ships were called "Rockets", "Meteors", "Comets", "Satellites" (not surprising, because the space program was actively developing at that time), and some of the models were even equipped with aircraft turbines.

The father of modern hydrofoils, ekranoplans and ekranoplanes is the Soviet inventor Rostislav Alekseev. It was according to his drawings that almost 3,000 ships were built for Russian and Ukrainian rivers. Over the years, many different models have been introduced and given names inspired by the Soviet space age (Sputnik, Kometa, Voskhod).

But then came the collapse of the Soviet Union and the production of hydrofoils ceased. They were decommissioned and many of them are now rusting in ship cemeteries, one of which is located in a forest near the city of Perm.

Other ships have been sold different countries. For example, in Vietnam, the Voskhod hydrofoils, built in the 1970s, are still in operation, plying daily between Cat Ba Island and the city of Haiphong. Other former Soviet "Rockets" still "fly" over rivers in Canada, Greece, the Netherlands, Thailand, Turkey and China.

One wealthy Russian even turned one of the ships into a personal luxury yacht. Another ship has been turned into a trendy bar in Kaniv, Ukraine.

The most beautiful and famous hydrofoil ship "Meteor", built in 1959 by the Gorky shipbuilding plant "Krasnoye Sormovo", is still used on the rivers of our country. "Meteor" is a high-speed ship carrying passengers along freshwater lakes and reservoirs and navigable rivers during daylight hours.

The history of the development of hydrofoils

For the first time, a small hydrofoil vessel (SPK) was tested in France on the Seine River in 1897 by a Russian subject, Charles de Lambert. However, the power of the steam engine used was not enough to lift ship hull above the water. At the same time, the Italian inventor E. Forlanini accelerated an experimental vessel on multi-tiered wings to 68 km / h. At the beginning of the last century, SPK models were tested by inventors from the USA, Britain, Germany, Switzerland, Canada, and Italy. In 1919, Frederick Baldwin's HD-4, approved by the US Navy, set a world record on two engines, reaching a speed of 114 km / h in water. The single-winged models of the British shipbuilder D. I. Thornycroft had a length of about 7 meters and a speed of about 64 km / h.

In the 1940s, the German design bureau, under the direction of Hans von Schertel, built a winged vessel that could reach speeds of up to 74 km / h with a load of 20 tons on board. In the 50s, Shertel, having founded the Supramar company in Switzerland, built a wooden vessel on partially submerged wings, which was the first in the world to carry out commercial transportation of 32 passengers between the cities of Italy and Switzerland. In 1956, under the license of Supramara, the Rodriguez company began mass production of RT-20 hydrofoil ships for use at sea. RT-20, having a displacement of 32 tons, carried 72 passengers through the Strait of Messina, developing a speed of about 62 km/h. Over the course of 20 years, Supramar has developed a series of partially submerged hydrofoil models and over 200 vessels have been built under its license in Italy and Japan.

In the United States in the 60s, the Boeing company participated in the development of military patrol and missile-carrying boats. The Pegasus-class fast armed ships were part of the US Navy from 1977 until 1993. Since 1974, Boeing has produced about 20 Jetfoil civilian offshore vessels carrying from 167 to 400 passengers on board. Today, Jetfoils are built under license by the Japanese company Kawasaki.

In the 60-70s of the last century, the Canadian and Italian navies were armed with high-speed armed hydrofoil boats.

The appearance of "Meteor"

In the USSR, most of the SPK was designed under the guidance of a talented engineer Rostislav Evgenievich Alekseev. In 1941, in his thesis work "Hydrofoil glider" Alekseev R.E. described the principle of operation of a lightly submerged hydrofoil. The examination committee of the Gorky Polytechnic Institute learned about a ship that has no analogues in the history of shipbuilding.

In the early 1950s, military torpedo boats with forward hydrofoils were built in the Soviet Union. During 1963-1967, 16 patrol and 12 border hydrofoil boats were built according to the Antares project and 2 Sokol anti-submarine ships.

In the 60s, several single experimental SPK Strela-1,2 and 3, Chaika, Burevestnik, Sputnik, Whirlwind, and Typhoon were built. In the service of ship supervision and at rescue stations, hydrofoil boats "Volga" were used. The Soviet Union exported passenger SPKs to dozens of countries around the world.

The experimental ship "Meteor" during the tests in November 1959 passed its first journey - from Gorky to Feodosia. After wintering in May 1960, the Meteor returned to Gorky. A successful test voyage of the ship made it possible to put the Meteor passenger ship on display at the river fleet exhibition in Moscow for presentation to the leadership of the Soviet Union. Demonstration of the first ship "Meteor" to the head of the USSR N.S. Khrushchev was held under the joint control of R.E. Alekseev and the famous aircraft designer A.N. Tupolev.

Serial production of the ship "Meteor"

The river fleet of the Soviet Union had the largest fleet of cruise ships. More than 1000 high-speed boats and hydrofoils were used on the rivers and lakes of our Motherland. Raised on the wing river boats increased speed and became an attractive transport for local passenger traffic and fast travel between cities. River travel attracted Soviet residents with comfort, speed and economy.

Since September 1961, the serial production of the Meteor motor ships has been carried out in Tatarstan by the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant named after A. M. Gorky. For 30 years, more than 400 ships of the Meteor series have been launched. The increase in passenger traffic required new, more spacious and comfortable ships. And in May 1962, Meteor-2 left the water area of ​​the plant, bringing 115 people on board with a bar and a cafe.

Nizhny Novgorod Design Bureau for SPK them. R.E. Alekseeva developed a modification of the Metor-2000 motor ship, equipped with imported engines and a comfortable cabin with air conditioning. Since 2007, the line that produced the Meteors has been reconstructed for the production of new motor ships of the A45-1 series.

Description of SPK "Meteor"

Single-deck duralumin river boat hydrofoil "Meteor" is equipped with a diesel engine. In autonomous mode, without refueling, the ship delivers passengers to a distance of no more than 600 km along the navigable rivers and freshwater lakes of Russia. Tourist excursions or business long-distance trips on the ship "Meteor" are carried out only during daylight hours. Remote control of the movement of the vessel from the wheelhouse is carried out by a team of 3 people.

Three passenger compartments for 124 people, located in the bow, stern and middle parts of the ship, are equipped with soft comfortable seats and a single audio system for transmitting information to passengers. There is a bar in the middle saloon and a bar in the bow saloon scenic surroundings float through the huge panoramic windows. Through the deck of the vessel there is a passage between the passenger compartments, to the toilet, to the utility room and the engine room.

Technical characteristics of the ship "Meteor"

The ship "Meteor" is operated at a speed of 60-65 km / h, although it can accelerate in the open up to 77 km / h. With a vessel length of 34.6 m and a width with a wingspan of 9.5 m, an empty ship has a displacement of 36.4 tons, and when fully loaded - 53.4 tons. While moored, the height of the vessel is 5.63 m, and the draft is 2.35 m. During the movement on the wings, it “grows” to 6.78 m and settles by 1.2 m.

The high fuel consumption of the motor ship "Meteor" is a significant drawback winged ship. The first models of the ship consumed approximately 225 liters of diesel fuel per hour. The use of new modern motors reduces this figure to 50 liters per hour.

Meteor engine

The main engines on the ship are 2 twelve-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines of the M-400 type, which have a turbocharger, a reversible clutch and water cooling. The rated power of each engine at 1700 rpm is 1000 horsepower. Auxiliary propulsion is a pair of five-blade propellers 710 mm in diameter. Ship needs are handled by a unit consisting of:

• Diesel engine with a capacity of 12 horsepower at 1500 rpm.
• Generator (5.6 kW).
• compressor.
• Self-priming vortex pump.

The design of the wings includes load-bearing (bow and aft) steel wings and two magnesium-aluminum alloy flaps mounted on the nose wing struts.

Electricity in running mode is supplied by two DC generators installed on the main engines with a power of 1 kW each. During parking, an auxiliary generator is used, and the ship is also equipped with an automatic generator parallel operation with batteries.

Safety on board

All devices and mechanisms of the ship are controlled by the ship's control system. Smooth movement and reliable operation of the motors are guaranteed by regular, thorough maintenance passenger ships. The deck and salons for passengers are protected from bad weather by a strong roof. Comfortable chairs and safety on the ship "Meteor" are conducive to exciting journeys and river walks with family or among friends.

Weekdays "Meteor" today

Despite the fact that Meteor hydrofoil ships are no longer produced, these ships are still used for passenger transportation in Russia, the CIS countries and far abroad. In the difficult 90s, many river shipping companies, left without work, were forced to sell the Meteors to travel companies Greece, China and Vietnam. In Italy, Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia, the Meteor motor ships and other hydrofoils produced in the USSR are still used today.

In Russia, regular flights operate during the navigation period along the routes Irkutsk - Bratsk along the Angara, from Petrozavodsk to Shala, Kizhi and Velikaya Guba along Lake Onega, along Ladoga to Valaam from Sortavala. Between the cities of the navigable rivers of the Volga, Don, Lena, Amur and Kama, passengers are happy to use motor ships, rather than electric trains and trains.

Meteor is a series of river hydrofoil passenger ships. These are reliable, economical, high-speed vessels. As of 2017, Russia is the only country in the world that has resumed serial production of hydrofoils, while maintaining and improving the technology for designing and building ships.

Description:

Meteor is a series of river hydrofoil passenger ships designed by Rostislav Alekseev.

The first experimental "Meteor" was launched in 1959. The serial production of "Meteors" was launched at the Zelenodolsk Shipbuilding Plant named after. A. M. Gorky. From 1961 to 1991, more than 400 ships of this series were built.

The history of the creation of these vessels dates back to the early 1940s, when Alekseev became interested in the topic as a student and in 1941 defended his graduation project on the topic “Hydrofoil glider”.

Alekseev's project used the effect low submerged hydrofoil (Alekseev effect). Hydrofoil Alekseev consists of two main horizontal bearing planes - one in front and one behind. The dihedral angle at the convergence is either small or absent, the weight distribution is approximately equal between the front and rear planes. Submerged hydrofoil, rising to surfaces, gradually loses lift, and at a depth approximately equal to the wing chord length, the lift approaches zero. It is due to this effect that the submerged wing is not able to fully come to the surface. At the same time, a relatively small hydroplaning (sliding on the surface water) fender liner is used to assist in "winging out" and also prevents the vessel from returning to displacement mode. These fender liners are located in close proximity to the front pillars and are installed so that they touch the surface of the water while underway, while the wings are submerged to a depth approximately equal to the length of their chord.

Due to different flow velocities, in accordance with the Bernoulli equation, a rarefaction is created on the upper surface of the hydrofoil, and increased pressure on the lower surface - this leads to the formation of lift. With decreasing depth, the pressure on the upper surface of the wing increases, because in the boundary zone, the liquid particles slow down, as a result, the lifting force decreases and the ship stabilizes.

Advantages:

– reliable, economical, high-speed vessels,

– as of 2017, Russia is the only country in the world that has resumed mass production of hydrofoils, while maintaining and improving the design and construction technology courts.

Technical characteristics of the hydrofoil vessel "Kometa 120M" project 23160:

Sea passenger hydrofoil vessel of the new generation "Kometa 120M" project 23160 is designed for high-speed transportation of passengers during daylight hours in cabins equipped with aircraft-type seats.

Note: description of the technology on the example of a hydrofoil vessel "Kometa 120M" project 23160.

river comet and meteor ship difference
buy anchor ship meteor project 342 e
rocket meteor comet hydrofoil
steering gear of the meteor project 342e
meteor-type hydrofoils wikipedia photo characteristics
hydrofoils missiles meteors
meteor - a series of hydrofoil river passenger motor ships rocket boat ship motor ship vessels high-speed sea vessel speed new wikipedia video photo buy price

Demand rate 568

Polls

Does our country need industrialization?

• Yes, I do (90%, 2,486 votes)
• No, not needed (6%, 178 votes)
• Don't know (4%, 77 votes)

Technology search

Technologies found 1

Might be interesting:

• 3s separator for highly efficient gas separation at supersonic speeds gives …

• The plant for growing greens and green hydroponic fodder allows you to grow green …

• Burevestnik, Sputnik, Comet and Meteor - the names of these Soviet ships gave rise to romantic thoughts about flying. Although it was only about the river trip. However, it is difficult to say, a trip on a hydrofoil is also swimming, but there is something from flying in it. These ships, which in general were called rockets and could reach speeds of 150 km / h (carrying up to 300 passengers), were the same symbol of the USSR of the 60s and 80s, like the real space rockets that plowed the Bolshoi Theater space spaces.

  The severe economic crisis (if not an industrial disaster) of the 90s led to the fact that the number of ships of this class was sharply reduced. Now let's recall a brief history of these unusual ships.

  
  The principle of movement of these vessels was twofold. At low speed, such a vessel moves like an ordinary ship, that is, due to the buoyancy of water (hello to Archimedes). But when it develops high speed, then due to the hydrofoils available to these ships, a lifting force arises, which raises the ship above the water. That is, a hydrofoil is both a ship and, as it were, an airplane at the same time. He only flies "low".

  

  Perhaps the most elegant high-speed hydrofoil was the so-called. gas turbine "Petrel". It was developed by the Central Design Bureau of the SPK R. Alekseev in the city of Gorky and, with a length of 42 meters, could reach an estimated speed of 150 km / h (although there is no evidence that the ship has ever reached such a speed).

  

  The first (and only) experimental vessel, Burevestnik, was built in 1964.

  

  It was operated by the Volga Shipping Company on the Volga along the route Kuibyshev - Ulyanovsk - Kazan - Gorky.

  

  Two aircraft gas turbine engines on the sides gave this ship a special showiness (such engines were used on the IL-18 aircraft).

  

  In such a ship, the journey really should have resembled a flight.

  

  The captain’s cabin was distinguished by particular grace, the design of which resembled the design of futuristic American limousines of the 50s (in the photo below, however, the cabin is not the “Petrel”, but about the same).

  

  Unfortunately, having worked until the end of the 70s, the unique 42-meter Burevestnik was written off due to wear and tear, and remained in a single copy. The immediate cause of the decommissioning was an accident in 1974, when the Burevestnik collided with a tugboat, severely damaging one side and a gas turbine engine. After that, it was restored, as they say, "somehow" and after some time its further operation was considered unprofitable.

  Another type of hydrofoil was the Meteor.

  

  The "Meteors" were smaller than the "Petrel" (34 meters in length) and not as fast (no more than 100 km / h). Meteors were produced from 1961 to 1991 and, in addition to the USSR, they were also supplied to the countries of the socialist camp.

  

  In total, four hundred motor ships of this series were built.

  

  Unlike the aircraft engines of the Burevestnik, the Meteors flew with diesel engines that drove propellers typical of ships.

  

  Vessel control panel:

  

  But the most famous hydrofoil is probably the Rocket.

  

  For the first time "Rocket" was presented in Moscow in 1957 at the International Festival of Youth Students.

  

  The leader of the USSR Nikita Khrushchev himself then expressed himself in the spirit that, they say, it’s enough to swim along the rivers in rusty bathtubs, it’s time to travel in style.

  

  However, at that time only the first experimental "Rocket" went along the Moscow River, and after the festival it was sent for trial operation on the Volgna to the Gorky-Kazan line. The ship covered a distance of 420 km in 7 hours. An ordinary ship followed the same route for 30 hours. As a result, the experience was considered successful and the "Rocket" went into series.

  

  Another of the famous Soviet ships is the Comet.

  

  "Comet" was a naval version of "Meteor". In this photo from 1984, two "Comets" in the seaport of Odessa:

  

  "Comet" was developed in 1961. Serially produced from 1964 to 1981 at the Feodosia shipyard "More". A total of 86 Komets were built (including 34 for export).

  One of the surviving "Komet" in a bright design:

  

  By the beginning of the 70s, the Rockets and Meteors were already considered obsolete ships, and the Voskhod was developed to replace them.

  

  The first ship of the series was built in 1973. A total of 150 Voskhods were built, some of which were exported (China, Canada, Austria, Hungary, the Netherlands, etc.). In the 90s, the production of Voskhod was stopped.

  "Sunrise" in the Netherlands:

  

  Of the other types of hydrofoils, it is worth remembering the Sputnik.

  

  It was truly a monster. At the time of the construction of the first Sputnik ship (October 1961), it was the world's largest hydrofoil passenger ship. Its length was 47 meters, and the passenger capacity was 300 people!

  

  "Sputnik" was first operated on the Gorky - Tolyatti line, but then, due to its low landing, it was transferred to the lower reaches of the Volga to the Kuibyshev - Kazan line. But he was on this line for only three months. On one of the voyages, the ship collided with a driftwood, after which it stood in a shipyard for several years. At first they wanted to cut it into scrap metal, but then they decided to install it on the Togliatti embankment. "Sputnik" was placed next to the river station, where it housed a cafe with the same name, which continues to delight (or frighten) the inhabitants of Avtograd (proof) with its appearance.

  

  The marine version of the Sputnik was called the Whirlwind and was intended for sailing with a wave of up to 8 points.

  

  It is also worth remembering the ship "Chaika", which was created in a single copy and took on board 70 passengers, but developed a speed of up to 100 km / h

  

  Another of the rare ones is the Typhoon ...

  
  
  

  ... and "Swallow"

  

  A story about Soviet hydrofoils would be incomplete without a story about a man who devoted his life to the creation of these ships.

  

  Rostislav Evgenievich Alekseev (1916-1980) - Soviet shipbuilder, creator of hydrofoils, ekranoplanes and ekranoplanes. Yacht designer, winner of all-Union competitions, master of sports of the USSR.

  He came to the idea of ​​hydrofoils during the work during the war (1942) on the creation of combat boats. His boats did not have time to take part in the war, but in 1951 Alekseev was awarded the Stalin Prize of the second degree for the development and creation of hydrofoil ships. It was his team that in the 50s created the "Rocket", and then, starting in 1961, almost every year a new project: "Meteor", "Comet", "Sputnik", "Petrel", "Sunrise". In the 60s, Rostislav Evgenievich Alekseev began work on the creation of the so-called. "Ekranoplanes" - ships for the Airborne Forces, which were supposed to soar above the water at a height of several meters. In January 1980, while testing a passenger ekranolet, which was supposed to enter service for the 1980 Olympics, Alekseev was seriously injured. He died from these injuries on February 9, 1980. After his death, the idea of ​​ekranoplanes was no longer returned.

  And now I offer a few more photos of these insanely beautiful hydrofoils:

  The Kometa-44 built in 1979 is currently operated in Turkey:

  
  
  

  Project "Olympia"

  

  Project "Katran"

  

  Two-story monster "Cyclone"

  

  Cemetery of ships near Perm.

  
  
  

  Bar "Meteor" in the city of Kanev (Ukraine)

  

  Red "Meteor" in China

  

  But even today, these ships of the 60s projects look quite futuristic.