prehistoric artifacts. Archaeological artifacts that do not fit into history

The oldest book in Europe bound in red leather, and in excellent condition, is the Gospel of St. Cuthbert (also known as the Stonyhurst Gospel), which was written in Latin in the seventh century. Its fully digitized version is now available on the Internet. The book is a copy of the Gospel of John and was placed in the tomb of Saint Cuthbert over 1300 years ago. When the Vikings began to raid the northeast coast of England, the monastic community left the island of Lindisfarne, taking with them a coffin and a book, and settled in the city of Durham. The coffin was opened in 1104, and the Gospel passed from hand to hand for a long time until it got to the Jesuits.

2. The oldest official coin

Before states began issuing coins, early coinage marks were minted by wealthy merchants and powerful members of society. Most experts agree that the world's first coin is a third of the stater, minted by the Lydian king Aliattes between 660 and 600 BC. On one side of the coin, the head of a roaring lion is depicted, and on the other side, a depressed double square. The coin was made from electrum, an alloy of silver and gold.

3. The oldest wooden structure

The oldest wooden buildings are located near the Buddhist temple Horyu-ji in the Japanese city of Ikaruga. Four buildings have survived intact to this day, although their construction began in 587 AD. (Asuka period) by order of Emperor Yomei, and his heirs completed the temple in 607. The original complex burned down in 670, but was reconstructed by 710. The building complex consists of a central five-story pagoda, a golden hall, an inner gate, and a wooden corridor that surrounds the central area.

4. The oldest image of a person

The Venus of Hole Fels is the world's oldest human figurine. Venus is 40,000 years old, about 6 cm tall, and carved from a mammoth tusk. The figurine has no head, but special emphasis is placed on the breasts, buttocks and vulva. Most likely, it served as an amulet or a symbol of fertility, which was worn as a pendant. Venus was excavated in 2008 in the caves of Hole Fels near the city of Ulm in southwestern Germany. By the way, these caves are a real storehouse of numerous finds related to the life of prehistoric people.

5. The most ancient musical instruments

In 2012, scientists discovered the oldest musical instruments in the world, 42-43 thousand years old. These ancient flute prototypes, carved from mammoth bone and bird bone, were found in the Geissenklosterle cave in the upper Danube, southern Germany. Based on the finds from this cave, it was concluded that people came to these lands 39-40 thousand years ago. Flutes could be used for leisure or religious rituals.

6. The most ancient cave paintings

Until 2014, the most ancient rock paintings were images of animals from the Late Paleolithic era (30-32 thousand years) found in the Chauvet cave in France. However, in September 2014, scientists discovered cave drawings on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, eastern Borneo, whose age is at least 40 thousand years. They depict local animals and handprints. One of the images, called Babirussa (a local species of pig), has been officially dated to at least 35,400 years old, making it the oldest example of fine art.

7. The oldest working mechanical clock

The world's oldest working mechanical clock is in Salisbury Cathedral in southern England. They were created in 1836 by order of Bishop Ergum and consist of a wheel and a gear system, which are attached to the bell of the cathedral with ropes. The clock strikes every hour. Another, older mechanical clock was put into service in Milan in 1335, but today it does not function.

8. The most ancient masks

The most ancient masks are considered to be a collection of Neolithic stone masks 9,000 years old, found on the territory of modern Israel. All masks were found in the Judean Desert and the Judean Hills and are currently on display at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. They are stylized faces (some of them look like skulls) with holes along the edges, apparently for wearing. However, these holes could also be used for hanging masks as decorative or ritual objects on pillars or altars. The researchers note that the carving of the masks is made so that they are quite comfortable to wear: for example, the eyes are cut out so that a person has a wide field of view.

9. The oldest example of abstract design

In 2007, archaeologists studying mollusk shells collected on the island of Java in Indonesia found embossed patterns and symmetrical holes on their surface. In 2014, a team of researchers confirmed that the shells were worked with some kind of tools, and the abstract patterns were clearly made by human hand. With the help of microscopes, it was found that they were carved using shark teeth. However, it is premature to call this evidence conclusive, at least until more such artifacts are found. Although now it is still the oldest scribbles on earth, made by an ancient abstract artist.

10. The most ancient working tools

The oldest working tools were discovered in the Ethiopian area of Kada Gona, and their age varies between 2.5-2.6 million years. These are the oldest artifacts on Earth related to human activity. The tools consist of sharp-edged pieces of rock and were most likely used to separate meat from bones. Despite the fact that about 2600 samples of such tools were found, no human remains were found next to them, which casts doubt on the purpose of these artifacts. By the way, similar tools with an established age of 2.3-2.4 million years have been found in other parts of Africa.

How were these items created? By whom? And most importantly - why?

Eldar Khaliulin

As you know, a fact is a stubborn thing. And even more stubborn is an artifact (in the sense in which this word is used in computer games, that is, an artificially created object that exists despite scientific misconceptions about the world order). In fact, any object made by a person can be considered an artifact. Even an ordinary pushpin. Archaeologists around the world annually dig hundreds of artifacts out of the ground. And yet, we, non-specialists, are somehow more accustomed to using this word to mean mystical objects, sacred relics, or objects of mysterious origin. By the way, many of the artifacts that you know from adventure films have caused nervous breakdowns in hundreds of scientists on the planet. After all, these things exist and are not really explained in any way! We tried to unravel their mysteries. Aleksey Vyazemsky, Candidate of Historical Sciences, helped us with this;

In scientific circles, this subject is better known as "Mitchell-Hedges". It was his story that formed the basis of the fresh Spielberg blockbuster about the anti-Soviet adventures of Indiana Jones. And it was like this: in 1924 in Central America, an expedition led by Frederick Albert Mitchell-Hedges excavated the ancient Mayan city of Lubaantuna in search of traces of the Atlantean civilization. Frederick's adopted daughter, Anna Marie Le Guillon, discovered an object under the rubble of the altar. When it was brought to light, it turned out to be a skull skillfully made of rock crystal. Its dimensions are quite comparable with the natural dimensions of the skull of an adult woman - approximately 13 x 18 x 13 cm, but it is unlikely that some absent-minded Cinderella lost this crystal contraption. The find weighs a little more than 5 kg. The skull lacked a lower jaw, but it was soon discovered nearby and inserted into its proper place - something like hinges were provided in the design.

What is the mystery

In 1970, the skull underwent a series of tests at the Hewlett-Packard research laboratory, which was famous for its advanced technologies in the processing of natural quartz. The results discouraged scientists. It turned out that the skull was made of a single (!) crystal, consisting of three intergrowths, which in itself attracts a sensation, since it is impossible even with the modern development of technology. In the process of creation, the crystal had to fall apart due to the internal stress of the material. But the most amazing thing is that no traces of any tools were found on the surface of the skull! It seems like he just grew up on his own. It soon became clear that there were other artificial skulls made from natural quartz. All of them are inferior to the Skull of Fate in terms of workmanship, but they are also considered the legacy of the Aztecs and Mayans. One is in the British Museum, another in Paris, a third in amethyst in Tokyo, Max's skull in Texas, and the most massive one at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. In addition, tireless researchers unearthed a legend according to which, since ancient times, there are 13 crystal skulls associated with the cult of the Goddess of Death. They came to the Indians from the Atlanteans (who would doubt it!). The skulls are guarded by specially trained warriors and priests, passing from generation to generation and making sure that the artifacts are stored in different places. At first they were with the Olmecs, then with the Mayans, from whom they passed to the Aztecs. And at the very end of the fifth cycle of the Mayan long-term calendar (that is, in 2014), it is these items that will help save humanity from an imminent catastrophe, if people guess what to do with them. The previous 4 civilizations did not think of it and were destroyed by disasters and cataclysms. It seems that the crystal skulls are some kind of ancient supercomputer that will come into action if you collect all of its components in one place. And more than 13 skulls have already been found. What to do?!

Voice of the Skeptic

Virtually every one of the crystal skulls was first thought to be Aztec or Mayan. And yet, some of them (for example, British and Parisian) were recognized as fakes: experts found traces of processing with modern jewelry tools. The Parisian exhibit is made of Alpine crystal and, most likely, was born in the 19th century in the German town of Idar-Oberstein, whose jewelers are famous for their ability to process precious stones. The problem is that there is no technology yet that can confidently determine the age of natural quartz. So scientists have to navigate the traces of tools and the geographical origin of minerals. So all crystal skulls, in the end, may be the creations of the masters of the XIX-XX centuries. There is a version that the Skull of Destiny is just a birthday present for Anna. He could well have been thrown to her by her father in the manner of Christmas surprises, but not under the tree, but under the ancient altar. Anna, who died in 2007 at the age of 100, said in an interview that the skull was found on the day of her 17th birthday, that is, in 1924. The author of this whole exciting story may be Mitchell-Hedges himself, the treasure hunter of Atlantis.

They were found in Peru, near the city of Ica. There are a lot of stones - tens of thousands. The first mentions of them are found in the chronicles of the 16th century. On each of the stones there is a drawing depicting in detail any scene from the life of ancient people.

What is the mystery

There are drawings that show horses that became extinct on the American continent hundreds of thousands of years ago. There are riders on horseback. Other stones depict hunting scenes ... for dinosaurs! Or, for example, heart transplant surgery. As well as the stars, the sun and other planets. At the same time, numerous examinations confirm that the stones are ancient, they are also found in pre-Hispanic burials. And official science does its best to pretend that Ica stones do not exist, or call them modern fakes. Who would think of putting images on tens of thousands of stones, and even carefully burying them in the ground?! It's absurd!

Voice of the Skeptic

All journalistic publications about Ica stones say that examinations have confirmed the authenticity of these artifacts. But for some reason, the data of examinations are never given. It turns out that all sorts of ufologists with atlantologists offer to seriously study these cobblestones only on the grounds that it would never occur to anyone to fake them. But the sale of Ica stones is a profitable business, which the Ikians are willingly engaged in ... Ikiots ... in short, the inhabitants there. Well, some "scientists" too. Why not assume that they jointly put the production of profitable goods on stream? Or is that also too absurd an idea?

It was first known as the "Blue Diamond of the Crown" and "French Blue". In 1820, it was purchased by the banker Henry Hope. Now the stone is stored in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington.

What is the mystery

The most famous diamond in the world has earned the unkind reputation of a bloodthirsty stone: almost all of its owners since the 17th century have not died a natural death. Including the unfortunate French Queen Marie Antoinette ...

Voice of the Skeptic

Imagine, the Russian grand dukes and tsars, from Ivan Kalita to Peter the Great, were crowned with the Monomakh's cap. And they all died too! Many - not by their death, but from various diseases! Creepy, right? Here it is, the curse of Monomakh! Moreover, the fact of life, death and contact with this killer hat in each case can be confirmed by documents, unlike the biographies of other Hope owners. Among which, by the way, there are those who lived quite a prosperous life, Louis XIV for example. And you can also derive an equation in which the length of the life of the owner of a diamond is inversely proportional to the size of the gem. But this is from another area ...

In 1929, a fragment of a world map on the skin of a gazelle was found in Istanbul's Topkapı Palace. The document is dated 1513 and signed in the name of the Turkish admiral Piri ibn Haji Mammad, and later became known as the Piri Reis map (“reis” in Turkish means “master”). And in 1956, a certain Turkish naval officer presented it to the American Marine Hydrographic Office, after which the subject was thoroughly investigated.

What is the mystery

The most amazing thing is not even that the east coast of South America is depicted in detail on the map (this is only 20 years after the first voyage of Columbus!). Before the inquisitive gaze of scientists, a medieval document appeared - the authenticity is beyond doubt - a document on which Antarctica is clearly depicted. But it was opened only in 1818! And this is far from the only secret of the map: the coast of Antarctica is depicted as if the continent is free from ice (whose age is from 6 to 12 thousand years). At the same time, the outlines of the coastline are consistent with the seismographic data of the Swedish-British expedition of 1949. Piri Reis, when compiling the map, honestly admitted in his notes that he used several cartographic sources, including very ancient ones, from the time of Alexander the Great. But how could the ancients know about Antarctica? Of course, from the super-civilization of the Atlanteans! This is the conclusion reached by enthusiasts like Charles Hapgood, while representatives of mainstream science bashfully remained silent. They are still silent to this day. Many other similar maps have also been found, including, for example, those compiled by Oronteus Finneus (1531) and Mercator (1569). The data given in them can only be explained by the fact that there was a certain primary source. From it, cartographers copied information about those places that they simply could not know about. And the compilers of this ancient source knew that the Earth is a ball, accurately represented the length of the equator and mastered the basics of spherical trigonometry.

Voice of the Skeptic

If you believe the Piri Reis map (or rather, the mysterious source), Antarctica was located differently in ancient times, and this difference is about 3000 kilometers. Neither paleontologists nor geologists have any information about such a global continental shift that happened about 12 thousand years ago. In addition, the ice-free coastline of Antarctica simply cannot match modern data. During the icing, it should have changed significantly. So the map of the unknown continent, most likely, is the speculation of an ancient author, which, by a lucky chance, approximately coincided with reality, or another modern fake.

From time to time, perfectly round balls are found in different places on the planet. Their sizes are different - from 0.1 to 3 meters. Sometimes there are strange inscriptions and drawings on the balls. The most mysterious are the balls found in Costa Rica.

What is the mystery

It is not known who made them, why and how. The ancient people obviously could not grind them to such a round shape! Maybe these are messages from other civilizations? Or maybe the balls were carved by the Atlanteans, who encoded important information in them?

Voice of the Skeptic

Geologists believe that such round objects may well be obtained in a natural, natural way. For example, if a stone falls into a pit located in the bed of a mountain river, the water will grind it down to a round state. And inscriptions with drawings are not only on stones, but also on the walls of elevators and fences. And, as a rule, they are autographs of contemporaries.

K restas were discovered in the 19th century in Quintana Roo (Yucatan). It is known that the Maya, long before the appearance of Christians in Mesoamerica, revered their symbol, in any case, the ancient Temple of the Cross has been preserved in Palenque. By the way, therefore, during the Spanish colonization, the natives reacted favorably to Christianity.

What is the mystery

According to legend, a huge cross carved from wood suddenly spoke in 1847 in the village of Chan. He called the Indians - the descendants of the Maya - to a holy war against the whites. He continued to give voice, leading the Indians during combat operations. Soon, two more similar talking objects appeared. The village of Chan became the Indian capital of Chan Santa Cruz, where a sanctuary of crosses was erected. In 1901, the Mexicans managed to capture the sacred capital, but the Mayans managed to carry their feet and crosses into the selva. The struggle for independence continued. Historians call these events the war of the Mexican government with the state of the Crusob Indians - the “Land of Talking Crosses”. In 1915, the Indians recaptured Chan Santa Cruz, and one of the crosses spoke again. He urged to kill every white who wanders into Indian lands. The war ended only in 1935 with the recognition of the independence of the Indians on the terms of broad autonomy. The descendants of the Maya believe that they won thanks to the talking crosses, which still stand in the sanctuary of the current capital of Champon, but in silence. The official religion of the free Indians is still the cult of the three "talking crosses".

Voice of the Skeptic

This phenomenon can have at least two explanations. First, it is known that the Indians of Mexico often used the narcotic substance peyote in their rituals. Under its influence, you can have conversations not only with a wooden cross, but also with your own tomahawk. But seriously, the art of ventriloquism has been known for a long time. In many nations, it was owned by priests and clergymen. Even an inexperienced ventriloquist is quite capable of uttering a couple of simple phrases like: “Kill all whites!” or "Bring more tequila!" We should also not forget that none of the modern scientists have yet heard a single word from the "speaking crosses", even if it is obscene.

What is the mystery

On a four-meter canvas (length - 4.3 meters, width - 1.1 meters), a clear image of a person is visible. More precisely, two symmetrical images located "head to head". One of the images is a man lying with his hands folded just below his stomach, the other is the same man, viewed from the back. The images are similar to a film negative and show through clearly on the fabric. There are traces of bruises from whips, from a crown of thorns on the head and a wound in the left side, as well as bloody marks on the wrists and soles of the feet (presumably from nails). All details of the image correspond to the gospel evidence of the martyrdom of Christ. Both physicists and lyricists (in the sense, historians) fought over the secret of the shroud. Some of them became believers after that. The Shroud was shone through with infrared rays, studied under powerful microscopes, analyzed the pollen found in the tissue - in a word, they did everything, but so far none of the scientists has been able to explain how and with what help these images were made. They are NOT painted. They did NOT appear as a result of radiation exposure (there was such a fantastic hypothesis). Radiocarbon analysis, carried out in 1988, showed that the time of the shroud's creation was the 12th-14th centuries. However, Russian doctor of technical sciences Anatoly Fesenko explained that the carbon composition of linen could "rejuvenate". The fact is that after the fire, the fabric was cleaned with hot oil or even boiled in oil, so carbon from the 16th century got into it, which caused incorrect dating. There are other facts confirming that this is not a medieval, but an older and generally miraculous thing. Miracle?!

Voice of the Skeptic

It's time to become like Rene Descartes, who once logically reasoned that being a believer is more reliable than an atheist, since you can get a posthumous ticket to heaven. After all, God (if he exists) will be pleased that you believed in him. But while you are still alive, look into scientific articles and read that the Jews wrapped the dead not in shrouds, but in funeral shrouds. That is, they were bandaged with ribbons using aromatic resins and substances. This is exactly what was done to Christ after his death, which is recorded in the Gospel of John. Therefore, it is not necessary to talk about the absolute correspondence of the images of the shroud to the Gospel testimonies. Moreover, the deceased sons and daughters of Israel were never laid in the position of a football player standing in the “wall”. The tradition of drawing people with their hands folded shyly on their genitals appeared after the 11th century, and in Europe. It remains to be added that many serious scientists just do not doubt the data of radiocarbon analysis carried out by three independent laboratories. Taking into account all Fesenko's calculations, it is possible to add another 40 years to the age of the shroud, even 100, but by no means more than a thousand. And one more interesting detail: shortly before the appearance of this artifact, that is, in the 13th-14th centuries, there were 43 (!) shrouds in Europe. The owner of each probably swore that he had the same one, the true one, handed over personally into the hands of almost Joseph of Arimathea himself.

Are you looking for a grandmother?

There are still artifacts that have not yet been found by anyone. It's up to you!

holy grail

In theory, this is a simple bowl into which the blood of the crucified Christ was collected. In fact, it can look like anything, because it is a classic that-which-cannot-be. Most likely, the Grail simply does not exist, it is a literary myth.

Ark of the Covenant

Something like a massive box with the Tablets of the Covenant stored inside and the 10 commandments on them. Be especially careful with this object: it is believed that anyone who touches it immediately dies.

golden woman

According to the medieval geographer Mercator, it is located somewhere in Siberia. This is a figurine (and maybe a statue) of the Finno-Ugric goddess Yumala. She is credited with supernatural powers. Adventurers are also attracted by the metal from which it is made. Yes, yes, it is pure gold. We can say, not a woman, but a treasure!

Photo: APP / East News; Corbis/RGB; Alamy/Photas.

Despite the efforts of scientists from various branches of knowledge to create a logical picture of the world and our civilization, strange finds periodically come to light, inexplicable artifacts that “blow up the brain” and destroy the “building of science” built with such difficulty. We offer you the 10 most mysterious artifacts that science, unable to explain, simply ignores.

1. Grooved balls

Over the past decades, South African miners have been finding strange and mysterious metal balls. Their origin is unknown, they reach almost three centimeters in diameter, some of them have three parallel grooves in the middle. Balls of two types were found: the first were made from a single piece of bluish metal with white spots; the second are hollow and inside them is a porous white substance.

But the catch is that the rock in which these balls are found belongs to the Precambrian era, it is 2.8 billion years old! Who created them and for what purpose is unknown.

2. Ica stones

In the 1930s, Dr. Javier Cabrera received an amazing stone as a gift from a local farmer. He was so intrigued by the unusual nature of the stone that he collected more than 1,100 of these andesites, which experts believe are between 500 and 1,500 years old. This collection is collectively known as the Ica Stones. Images are etched on the stones, some of them are of a sexual nature (which is typical for ancient culture).

Among the images you can find idols, and some of the stones reflect such strange practices for antiquity as open-heart surgery and brain transplantation. But the most colorful and amazing are the images of dinosaurs, brontosaurs, three-horned creatures, stegosaurs and pterosaurs. Skeptics claim that the Ica stones are nothing more than a skillful fake, but scientists have never tried to verify their authenticity.

3. Antikythera mechanism

And here is another stunning find: off the coast of Antikythera, a small island located northwest of Crete, pearl divers discovered a sunken ship and raised several marble and bronze statues from the bottom, which were probably on the ship. Among the finds was a piece of oxidized bronze, inside of which a certain mechanism was found, consisting of several wheels and screws.

The inscription on the body indicates that the mechanism was made in 80 BC, many experts are sure that the device is nothing more than an astrolabe, an instrument used by astronomers. X-ray examination of the mechanism showed that it was much more complex than expected, it had a set of intricate gears of various sizes. Chronicles of a later period indicate that such mechanisms have been known to mankind since 1575! It is still unknown who designed such a complex device more than 2000 years ago, and why humanity lost this technology.

4. Baghdad Battery

Today, rechargeable batteries are sold on every corner. But there is only one, which, according to scientists, is 2000 years old. This curiosity, called the Baghdad Battery, was discovered in the ruins of the Parthian period, and is dated between 248 BC. and 226 AD The device consists of three components - a clay vessel 14 cm high, inside which a copper cylinder containing an oxidized iron core was inserted and fixed with resin.

The experts who examined the artifact came to the conclusion that this device could only be filled with an acid or alkaline solution, and it would be possible to obtain an ordinary battery that produces an electric charge. It is believed that this ancient battery could have been used for gilding objects by electrolytic deposition. If this is indeed the case, where could such advanced technology have gone, and why hasn't at least one more similar battery been found in 1800 years?

5. Artifact from Koso

In the winter of 1961, Wallace Lane, Virginia Maxey, and Mike Mikesell, searching for valuable minerals in the mountains of California near Olanchi, found a stone that was no different from other geodes - a good addition to their store selling semi-precious stones. However, upon cutting open the stone, Mikesell discovered an object inside that appeared to be made of white porcelain. And in the center of the object was a metal rod. The scientists who conducted the study of this amazing find concluded that it would take at least 500,000 years for such an inclusion in the rock to form naturally. But this is not the main thing. The main thing is that the object inside the geode is of artificial origin. In other words, it was not nature that worked on its creation, but someone's hands.

Further analysis showed that the porcelain core was inside a hexagonal case. X-ray examination of the object suggested that at one end of the object there is a thin spring, as in a modern spark plug. You can imagine how many conflicting opinions have been expressed about this artifact! The most ardent skeptics have come to the conclusion that the outlandish find is just a Champion brand spark plug from the early 20th century.

But how could she get inside a stone that is half a million years old?

6An Ancient Airplane Model

The find, discovered in the tomb of Sacquar in Egypt, in 1898, is a wooden object about 15 cm long, outwardly resembling a miniature model of an airplane, with a fuselage, wings and tail. Experts are sure that the object was created according to all the canons of aerodynamics and is quite capable of flying like a glider. And a small object found in Central America and dating back about 1000 years is cast in gold and looks exactly like an aircraft with delta wings, namely the Space Shuttle. It even has something very similar to the cockpit.

7. Giant stone balls of Costa Rica

In the 1930s, workers hacked their way through the impenetrable jungles of Costa Rica looking for a site suitable for a banana plantation. Quite unexpectedly, they stumbled upon an amazing find: in front of them lay several dozen stone balls, most of which had an almost perfect round shape. The balls differed in size - there were small ones, no larger than a tennis ball, there were also huge ones, about 250 cm in diameter and weighing almost 16 tons! There is no doubt that these balls are the creation of human hands, who made them, for what purpose and, most importantly, how the master managed to achieve extreme accuracy is unknown.

7 Strange Fossils

Fossils, we were taught in school, can be found in rocks that formed many thousands of years ago. However, there are fossils, the occurrence of which neither geologists nor historians can explain. For example, how to explain the imprint of a human hand found in a limestone rock, which, according to scientists, is at least 110 million years old? An imprint resembling that of a human finger has also been found in the Canadian Arctic, also dated to 100 or 110 million years. And near Delta, Utah, they stumbled upon the imprint of a human foot wearing a sandal. It was found in a layer of shale clay, which, according to scientists, is from 300 to 600 million years old.

8 Unexplained Metal Objects

65 million years ago, people did not yet appear on earth, not to mention people who can work metal. How then, from a scientific point of view, to explain that in France, when drilling a rock dating back to the Cretaceous period, workers discovered a piece of an oval metal pipe? And in 1885, miners, having split a block of coal, found a metal bar, created, no doubt, by the hands of a rational being. An amazing incident occurred in 1912 at one of the power plants: a metal pan was found in a piece of coal, and a real nail was found in a piece of sandstone from the Mesozoic era. And these are not isolated cases, well-known stories!

9. Shoe print on granite

When mining a coal seam in Fisher Canyon (Pershing County, Nevada), a clear shoe print was discovered: a completely modern boot with double stitching on the sole. The imprint is so distinct that every stitch is visible. It can be understood from the print that this boot is size 13, the heel is worn more on the right side.

Looking at amber with a midge frozen in it, we understand that millions of years ago this unfortunate, sitting on some prehistoric Christmas tree, stuck to the resin and remained in it forever. For example, recently an international team of paleontologists led by Frauk Stebner from the University of Bonn discovered a midge frozen in amber in India, which is about 54 million years old.

What about the boot print?

10. Ancient footprint of modern man

Geologists have repeatedly found fossilized traces of ancient man. However, the trace that will be discussed undoubtedly belongs to modern man. One problem: it was imprinted in a stone that is about 290 million years old. The find was discovered in New Mexico by paleontologist Jerry McDonald in 1987.

All these strange finds raise more questions than answers. So we can only assume that:

1. Human civilizations existed much earlier than is commonly thought;

2. There were other intelligent beings on the planet who had their own civilization long before the appearance of man;

3. Our dating methods, methods of determining the age of rocks, are completely wrong, and rocks, coal seams and fossils were formed much earlier than we think;

Throughout the history of mankind, there have been people whose favorite pastime was to forge artifacts. However, the question - how they managed it - remains open.

According to the interpretation of some fundamentalists, the Bible says that God created Adam and Eve several thousand years ago. Science reports that this is just fiction, and that man is a few million years old, and civilizations are tens of thousands of years old. However, could it be that conventional science is as wrong as the biblical stories? There is ample archaeological evidence that the history of life on Earth may be very different from the one we are told today by geological and anthropological texts.

Consider the following amazing finds:

Corrugated Spheres

For the past few decades, miners in South Africa have been digging up mysterious metal balls. These balls of unknown origin are about an inch in diameter, and some of them are engraved with three parallel lines running along the axis of the object. Two types of balls have been found: one consists of a hard bluish metal with white spots, while the other is emptied from the inside and filled with a white spongy substance. Interestingly, the stone in which they were found belongs to the Precambrian period and dates back 2.8 billion years! Who made these spheres and why remains a mystery.

Artifact Koso

While searching for minerals in the mountains of California near Olancha in the winter of 1961, Wallace Lane, Virginia Maxey, and Mike Mikesell found what they thought was a geode—a nice addition to their gem shop. However, after cutting the stone, Mikesell found an object inside that looked like white porcelain. At its center was a shaft of shiny metal. The experts concluded that if it was a geode, it would have taken approximately 500,000 years to form, but the object inside was clearly a piece of human production.

Further examination determined that the porcelain was surrounded by a hexagonal body, and X-rays revealed a tiny spring at one end, similar to a spark plug. As you might have guessed, this artifact is surrounded by some controversy. Some argue that the object was not inside the geode, but was covered in hardened clay.

The find itself was identified by experts as a spark plug from the 1920s. Unfortunately, Koso's artifact has been lost and cannot be thoroughly studied. Is there a natural explanation for this phenomenon? Was it found, as the discoverer claimed, inside the geode? If this is true, how could a 1920s-era spark plug get inside a stone that is 500,000 years old?

Strange metal objects

Sixty-five million years ago there were no humans, let alone anyone who could work with metal. In that case, how does science explain semi-oval metal pipes dug in France from Cretaceous chalk?

In 1885, when a piece of coal was broken, a metal cube was discovered, clearly processed by a craftsman. In 1912, power station workers broke a large piece of coal from which an iron pot fell out. A nail was found in a sandstone block from the Mesozoic era. There are many more such anomalies. How can these findings be explained? There are several options:

Intelligent people existed much earlier than we think
-In our history there is no data about other intelligent beings and civilizations that existed on our Earth
-Our dating methods are completely inaccurate and these rocks, charcoal and fossils are forming much faster than we think today.

In any case, these examples - and there are many more - should prompt all curious and open-minded scientists to reexamine and rethink the history of life on Earth.

Footprint on granite

This fossil trace was found in a seam of coal in Fisher Canyon, Nevada. According to estimates, the age of this coal is 15 million years!

And lest you think that this is a fossil of some animal, the shape of which resembles the sole of a modern boot, examination of the footprint under a microscope revealed clearly visible traces of a double seam line along the perimeter of the form. The footprint is about a size 13 and the right side of the heel appears to be more worn than the left.

How did the imprint of modern shoes 15 million years ago end up on a substance that later became coal? There are several options:

The trail was left recently and coal is not formed for millions of years (which science does not agree), or ...
-Fifteen million years ago there were people (or something like people about whom we have no historical data) walking around in shoes, or ...
-The time travelers traveled back in time and inadvertently left a trail, or...
-This is a well thought out prank.

ancient footprint

Today, such footprints can be seen on any beach or muddy ground. But this footprint - clearly anatomically similar to that of a modern human - is frozen in stone, which is estimated to be about 290 million years old.

The discovery was made in 1987 in New Mexico by paleontologist Jerry McDonald. He also found traces of birds and animals, but found it difficult to explain how this modern trace appeared on the Permian rock, which, according to experts, is 290-248 million years old. According to modern scientific thinking, it was formed long before humans (or even birds and dinosaurs) appeared on this planet.

A 1992 Smithsonian Magazine article on the find noted that paleontologists refer to such anomalies as "problematica". In fact, for scientists they are big problems.

This is the white crow theory: all you have to do to prove that not all ravens are black is just to find one white one.

In the same way, to challenge the history of modern man (or perhaps our way of estimating the age of rock strata), we need to find a fossil like this. However, scientists simply shelve such things, call them “problematica” and move on with their unyielding beliefs because reality is too inconvenient.

Is this the right science?

Ancient springs, screws and metal

They are similar to the items that can be found in the scrap box in any workshop.

Obviously, these artifacts were made by someone. However, this set of springs, loops, spirals and other metal objects was found in layers of sedimentary rocks that are one hundred thousand years old! At that time, foundries were not very common.

Thousands of these things - some as small as a thousandth of an inch! – were discovered by gold miners in the Ural Mountains of Russia in the 1990s. Excavated from 3 to 40 feet deep in layers of earth dating back to the Upper Pleistocene period, these mysterious objects may have been created some 20,000 to 100,000 years ago.

Could they be proof of the existence of a long-lost but advanced civilization?

Metal rod in stone

How to explain the fact that the stone was formed around a mysterious metal rod?

Inside the hard black stone found by the stone collector Gillin Wang in China's Mazong Mountains, for unknown reasons, there was a metal rod of unknown origin.

The rod is screw-threaded, suggesting that the item was made, but the fact that it was in the ground long enough for solid rock to form around it means that it must be millions of years old.

There were suggestions that the stone is a meteorite that fell to Earth from space, that is, the artifact may be of alien origin.

It is noteworthy that this is not the only case of finding metal screws in hard rocks; there are many other examples:

In the early 2000s, a strange stone was found on the outskirts of Moscow, inside of which were two objects similar to screws.
-X-ray of another stone found in Russia found eight screws in it!

Williams fork

A man named John Williams said he found the artifact while walking through the remote countryside. He was wearing shorts, and as he passed through the bushes, he looked down to see if he had scratched his legs. It was then that he noticed a strange stone.

The stone itself is ordinary - despite the fact that some manufactured thing is built into it. Whatever it is, it has three metal prongs sticking out of it, like it's some kind of fork.

The location where Williams found the artifact was, he said, "at least 25 feet from the nearest road (which was muddy and barely visible), no urban areas, industrial complexes, power plants, nuclear power plants, airports, or military operations (of which I would know).

The stone consists of natural quartz and feldspar granite, and according to geology, such stones are not formed over decades, which would be required if the anomalous object was made by modern man. According to Williams, the stone was about a hundred thousand years old.

Who in those days could make such an object?

Aluminum artifact from Aiud

This five-pound, eight-inch long piece of solid, nearly pure aluminum would have been found in Romania in 1974. Workers digging a trench along the Mures River found several mastodon bones and this mysterious object, which still baffles scientists.

Apparently manufactured and not naturally formed, the artifact was sent for analysis, which found the item to be 89 percent aluminum with traces of copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, nickel, and other elements. In this form, aluminum does not exist in nature. It must have been manufactured, but such aluminum was not produced until the 1800s.

If the artifact is of the same age as the bones of the mastodon, this means that it is at least 11 thousand years old, because it was then that the last representatives of the mastodons died out. Analysis of the oxidized layer that covered the artifact determined that it is 300-400 years old - that is, it was created much earlier than the aluminum processing process was invented.

So who made this item? And what was it used for? There are those who immediately suggested the alien origin of the artifact ... however, the facts are still unknown.

It is strange (or maybe not) that the mysterious item was hidden somewhere and today it is not available for public viewing or further research.

Piri Reis Map

This map, rediscovered in a Turkish museum in 1929, is a mystery not only because of its amazing accuracy, but also because of what it depicts.

Drawn on the skin of a gazelle, the Piri Reis map is the only remaining part of the larger map. It was compiled in the 1500s, according to the inscription on the map itself, from other maps of the three hundredth year. But how is this possible if the map shows:

South America exactly located in relation to Africa
-West coasts of North Africa and Europe, and east coast of Brazil
Most striking is the partially visible continent far to the South, where we know Antarctica is, although it wasn't discovered until 1820. Even more mysterious is that it is depicted in detail and without ice, although this land mass has been covered with ice for at least six thousand years.

Today, this artifact is also not available for public viewing.

petrified hammer

Near the city of London, Texas, in 1936, the head and part of the hammer handle were found.

The discovery was made by Mr. and Mrs. Khan near Red Bay when they noticed a piece of wood sticking out of a stone. In 1947, their son smashed the stone, revealing the head of a hammer inside.

For archaeologists, this tool presents a difficult task: the calcareous rock in which the artifact is located is estimated to be 110-115 million years old. The wooden handle is petrified like ancient petrified wood, and the hammer head, made of solid iron, is of a comparatively modern type.

The only possible scientific explanation came from John Cole, a researcher at the National Center for Science Education:

In 1985, the scientist wrote:

“The stone is real, and for someone unfamiliar with the geological process, it looks impressive. How could a modern artifact get stuck in Ordovician stone? The answer is that the stone does not belong to the Ordovician period. Minerals in solution can solidify around an object that has fallen into the solution, fallen into a crevice, or simply left on the ground, if the source rock (in this case, reportedly Ordovician) is chemically soluble.

In other words, the dissolved parts of the rock solidified around the modern hammer, which may be a miner's hammer from the 1800s.

And what do you think? A modern hammer...or an ancient civilization's hammer?

There is a lot of archaeological evidence in the world that the history of life on Earth may be completely different from that described in modern geological and anthropological texts.

Especially for – Lina Skok

Consider the following amazing finds:

Corrugated Spheres

Artifact Koso

While searching for minerals in the mountains of California near Olancha in the winter of 1961, Wallace Lane, Virginia Maxey, and Mike Mikesell found what they thought was a geode—a nice addition to their gem shop. However, after cutting the stone, Mikesell found an object inside that looked like white porcelain. In his in the center was a shaft of shiny metal. The experts concluded that if it was a geode, it would have taken approximately 500,000 years to form, but the object inside was clearly a piece of human production.

Strange metal objects

Sixty-five million years ago there were no humans, let alone anyone who could work with metal. In that case, how does science explain semi-oval metal pipes dug in France from Cretaceous chalk?

Intelligent people existed much earlier than we think
In our history, there is no data about other intelligent beings and civilizations that existed on our Earth
Our dating methods are completely inaccurate, and these rocks, charcoal, and fossils are forming at a much faster rate than we think today.

In any case, these examples - and there are many more - should prompt all curious and open-minded scientists to reexamine and rethink the history of life on Earth.

Footprint on granite

This fossil trace was found in a seam of coal in Fisher Canyon, Nevada. According to estimates, the age of this coal is 15 million years!

How did the imprint of modern shoes 15 million years ago end up on a substance that later became coal? There are several options:

The trail was left recently and coal is not formed for millions of years (which science does not agree), or ...
Fifteen million years ago, there were people (or something like people for whom we have no historical data) walking around in shoes, or ...
The time travelers traveled back in time and inadvertently left a trail, or...
This is a well thought out gamble.

ancient footprint

A 1992 Smithsonian Magazine article on the find noted that paleontologists refer to such anomalies as "problematica". In fact, for scientists they are big problems.

This is the white crow theory: all you have to do to prove that not all ravens are black is just to find one white one.

In the same way, to challenge the history of modern man (or perhaps our way of estimating the age of rock strata), we need to find a fossil like this. However, scientists simply shelve such artifacts, call them "problematica" and move on with their unyielding beliefs, because reality is too inconvenient.

Is this the right science?

Ancient springs, screws and metal

They are similar to the items that can be found in the scrap box in any workshop.

Could they be proof of the existence of a long-lost but advanced civilization?

Metal rod in stone

How to explain the fact that the stone was formed around a mysterious metal rod?

Inside the hard black stone found by the stone collector Gillin Wang in China's Mazong Mountains, for unknown reasons, there was a metal rod of unknown origin.

The rod is screw-threaded, suggesting that the item was made, but the fact that it was in the ground long enough for solid rock to form around it means that it must be millions of years old.

There were suggestions that the stone is a meteorite that fell to Earth from space, that is, the artifact may be of alien origin.

It is noteworthy that this is not the only case of finding metal screws in hard rocks; there are many other examples:

In the early 2000s, a strange stone was found on the outskirts of Moscow, inside of which were two objects similar to screws.
X-ray of another stone found in Russia found eight screws in it!

Williams fork

The stone itself is ordinary - despite the fact that some manufactured thing is built into it. Whatever it is, it has three metal prongs sticking out of it, like it's some kind of fork.

The place where Williams found the artifact, according to him, was “at least 25 feet from the nearest road (which was muddy and barely visible), no urban areas, industrial complexes, power plants, nuclear power plants, airports, or military operations (of which I would know) are nearby.”

Who in those days could make such an object?

Aluminum artifact from Aiud

So who made this item? And what was it used for? There are those who immediately suggested the alien origin of the artifact ... however, the facts are still unknown.

It is strange (or maybe not) that the mysterious item was hidden somewhere and today it is not available for public viewing or further research.

Piri Reis Map

This map, rediscovered in a Turkish museum in 1929, is a mystery not only because of its amazing accuracy, but also because of what it depicts.

South America exactly located in relation to Africa
West coasts of North Africa and Europe, and east coast of Brazil
Most striking is the partially visible continent far to the South, where we know Antarctica is, although it was not discovered until 1820. Even more mysterious is that it is depicted in detail and without ice, although this land mass has been covered with ice for at least six thousand years.

Today, this artifact is also not available for public viewing.

petrified hammer

Near the city of London, Texas, in 1936, the head and part of the hammer handle were found.

The discovery was made by Mr. and Mrs. Khan near Red Bay when they noticed a piece of wood sticking out of a stone. In 1947, their son smashed the stone, revealing the head of a hammer inside.

The only possible scientific explanation came from John Cole, a researcher at the National Center for Science Education:

In 1985, the scientist wrote:

“The stone is real, and for someone unfamiliar with the geological process, it looks impressive. How could a modern artifact get stuck in Ordovician stone? The answer is that the stone does not belong to the Ordovician period. Minerals in solution can solidify around an object that has fallen into the solution, fallen into a crevice, or simply left on the ground, if the source rock (in this case, reportedly Ordovician) is chemically soluble.

In other words, the dissolved parts of the rock solidified around the modern hammer, which may be a miner's hammer from the 1800s.

And what do you think? A modern hammer...or an ancient civilization's hammer?