Border between Europe and Asia. Where does it take place on the world map, Russia, the Urals
Border Europe Asia The border between Europe and Asia runs along the eastern foot of the Ural Mountains and Mugodzhar, then along the Emba River. along the northern coast of the Caspian Sea, along the Kumo Manych depression and the Kerch Strait. The total length of the border along ... ... Wikipedia
The border between Europe and Asia crosses the western and southwestern parts of the municipality of Yekaterinburg. The border is interpreted not only as a geographical concept, but also has a pronounced historical and cultural aspects. ... ... Yekaterinburg (encyclopedia)
Exist., f., use. often Morphology: (no) what? boundaries for what? border, (see) what? border than? border about what? about the border; pl. What? borders, (no) what? boundaries for what? borders, (see) what? borders than? borders about what? about borders 1. Border ... ... Dictionary of Dmitriev
s; and. 1. Conditional dividing line between territories; frontier. State city. Sea city. Here passes the city between countries, regions, land plots. G. between Europe and Asia. G. forests and steppes. Designate, change, cross the border. Count … encyclopedic Dictionary
border- s; and. see also to the borders, within the borders, beyond the borders, beyond the borders, beyond the borders, out of the borders 1) The conditional dividing line between the territories ... Dictionary of many expressions
This term has other meanings, see Asia (meanings). Asia on the world map Asia is the largest part of the world; together with Europe, it forms the continent of Eurasia ... Wikipedia
City of Orenburg Flag Coat of arms ... Wikipedia
Journey from pole to poleBilimbay - birthplace of the rocket plane, holy springs in Taraskovo, Dedova Gora and Lake Tavatui).
Despite the fact that there are no external state borders through Yekaterinburg, we all have the opportunity to scurry from one part of the world to another several times a day. Probably, this "chronically borderline" condition has a special effect on the Ural mentality. The Europe-Asia border is our Greenwich Mean Time (which is the reference point), it is our equator (cutting off the bad half) and the eternal source of movement. After all, you constantly want to know: what is there, on the other hand? A better life - or a new adventure?
The geographical encyclopedic dictionary gives several options for drawing the border: along the eastern foot or along the ridges of the Urals. However, these concepts are not sufficiently strict. The most correct from a scientific point of view is the approach formulated by Tatishchev. He proposed to draw the border between the two parts of the world along the watershed of the Ural Mountains. At the same time, the watershed line is complex and can shift.
Now installed in the Urals over 20 obelisks Europe-Asia. The first one (No. 1) is a remake (2004) on 17 km of the Moscow tract, which everyone knows, we drove without stopping. There is a lot of controversy about the correct installation of this sign. He has to receive the maximum number of official delegations - of course, the place is convenient for events. Interestingly, the pedestal contains stones from the extreme points of Europe (Cape Roca) and Asia (Cape Dezhnev).
At the entrance to Pervouralsk from the Moscow highway (on the right, not reaching 300 meters to the stele with the name of the city) - the next sign (No. 2).
Initially, this monument was located near Mount Berezovaya on the old Moscow (Siberian) tract, about 300 m to the northeast from the current site, but was moved. Next to the sign is a fontanel and a sign "beginning of the route."
It is very likely that this path leads through the forest to the next sign (No. 3) - the most majestic one, installed near Mount Berezovaya in 2008 instead of this tetrahedral pyramid. It is remarkable in that it is considered the first (earliest) "border" mark of the division of Europe with Asia, set in the Urals. We go to him by car: we reach Pervouralsk and return about 1 km along the old Moscow highway.
Most likely this happened in 1837, as indicated on the iron plate at the foot of the monument. Here, at the highest point of the Siberian tract, those exiled to Siberia stopped, said goodbye to Russia and took with them a handful of their native land.
First, a wooden monument was erected in the form of a sharp four-sided pyramid with the inscriptions "Europe" and "Asia". Then (in 1846) it was replaced by a marble pyramid with the royal coat of arms. After the revolution, it was destroyed, and in 1926 a new one was erected from granite - the one that has now been moved to the new Moscow highway, at the entrance to Pervouralsk. In 2008, a new stele was built on this site.
Two kilometers from this pillar, on the northern slope of Mount Berezovaya, at the Vershina railway station (stop) there is another (No. 4), the most authentic obelisk. There is almost no road to it - but in the summer you can walk on foot. Standing at this (and only this) monument, one can observe how heavy trains with cargo from Siberia overcome the Ural ridge along the steel line.
It arose along with the iron-smelting plant built by Count Georgy Stroganov. At one time it was the only plant in the Middle Urals that belonged to the Stroganov clan.
Before the arrival of the Russians, this place was the Bashkir settlement of Belembay (“belem” - knowledge, “bay” - rich, i.e. “rich in knowledge”). Gradually the name was transformed into Bilimbay . The Stroganovs began construction in 1730. And on July 17, 1734, the plant produced the first cast iron.
A kilometer from its mouth, the Bilimbaevka River was dammed. Cast iron and iron boards, made under a hammer, were rafted along the Chusovaya and Kama rivers in the spring to the estates of the Stroganovs. A pier was built at the mouth of Bilimbaevka. In terms of the volume of iron being smelted and the rational management of the economy, the plant worked smoothly from the first years of its existence and became one of the most organized and highly developed in the Urals.
Bilimbaevsky Pond- one of the main decorations of the village. During the baroque rafting down the Chusovaya, the Bilimbaevsky Pond participated in the regulation of the water in the river. True, his role was much more modest than the role of the Revdinsky pond. If the Revdinsky pond gave a shaft of 2-2.5 meters, then Bilimbaevsky - only 0.35 meters. However, other ponds gave even less.
Wikipedia calls Bilimbay the cradle of Soviet jet aviation. In 1942, the first Soviet fighter-interceptor was tested in Bilimbay BI-1. But sources give conflicting information about the specific place of work: either it was a dilapidated workshop of a former iron foundry, the remains of which have survived to this day on the shore of the pond, or the Holy Trinity Church (in Soviet times - a pipe foundry club). I'll start with the most plausible version (based on documentary books published according to the memoirs of participants in the events).
During the war in the Soviet Union, part of the aircraft factories and design bureaus were evacuated to the Urals. Bolkhovitinov Design Bureau, which created the first Soviet fighter with a BI-1 rocket engine, ended up in Bilimbay.
According to Wikipedia, BI-1(Bereznyak - Isaev, or Middle Fighter) - the first Soviet aircraft with a liquid-propellant rocket engine (LPRE).
Development began in 1941 at the Design Bureau of Plant No. 293 in Khimki. The flight time of the aircraft could be as little as 1 to 4 minutes. However, at the same time, the aircraft had an unusually high throttle response, speed and rate of climb for that time. It was on the basis of these features that the future purpose of the aircraft became clear - an interceptor. The concept of a "fast" missile interceptor operating according to the scheme "lightning takeoff - one fast attack - gliding landing" looked attractive.
During tests in the glider mode in September-October 1941, 15 flights were carried out. In October 1941, a decision was made to evacuate the plant to the Urals. By December 1941, the refinement of the aircraft was continued at a new location.
Before the arrival of the Russians, apparently, there really was an ancient Bashkir cemetery here. And a grove on a hill right within the boundaries of the village was planted by hand in the 1840s with a Schultz seeder, which had just been created at that time.
You can walk along this forest island, planted 170 years ago, even now.
Not far from Bilimbay (about three kilometers up the Chusovaya) is the Dyuzhonok stone - the main natural attraction of the village. But this point did not fit into our auto-route - we are heading towards Taraskovo. And on the way we meet fifthfor today border mark "Europe-Asia".
The most hooligan of all ever met (we don’t know what a lonely standing car is doing here). The obelisk is located a couple of kilometers from the village of Pochinok (we go to the intersection with the power line), on the pass (449 m.) Through the Bunar Range. How many times we crossed the border that day - they did not count. On the way home, this happened more than once, but already outside the security zone of the border posts☺.
Further directly on the course with us - Taraskovo village. For a long time it has been famous for springs with miraculous water. Wanting to be healed, a large number of pilgrims come here every year not only from the Urals, but also from all over Russia and even from abroad.
Holy Trinity Monastery in the village of Taraskovo, he keeps many shrines and miraculous springs on his land. On the site http://www.selo-taraskovo.ru/ you can study the list and get acquainted with the stories of miraculous healings told by pilgrims.
There are several holy springs on the territory of the monastery and in the vicinity.
The main revered one is the source of the All-Tsaritsa, located on the territory of the monastery (there is always a queue for it). Water spills one of the novices. There is also an equipped room where you can undress and pour a couple of buckets of holy water on yourself.
Near the walls of the monastery in a small chapel there is a spring in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (you can’t pour water there - you can only draw water). They say that the well located in the chapel is already over 120 years old... You can swim only outside the monastery - in the source in honor of St. Saint Mary of Egypt.
It is located about a kilometer away, from the monastery you need to turn right along the forest road. A good swimming pool with an equipped descent into the water was built here.
They write that “the water in the spring is cold as ice. It is worth lingering for a couple of seconds when descending into the water, as the legs begin to ache incredibly from the cold. It is not surprising that after such a bath, the protective resources of the body are activated and you can get rid of diseases.
Here they simply admired the beauties ... and wondered how such unkempt, wild buildings were preserved in such magnificent places ...
It smacks of self-capture, but the view ...
Ahead is the most picturesque part of our route. From Tarskovo through Murzinka, Kalinovo we go to Lake Tavatui.
This is one of the most beautiful and cleanest lakes in our region.
It is rightly often called the pearl of the Middle Urals. The lake is surrounded by mountains on all sides.
The sun is shining, the sea is splashing - beauty. Is it okay that fishermen are sitting on the ice 20 km from here? Here he is, Ural, mysterious.
On the western shore between Kalinovo and Priozerny is the Nevyansk Rybzavod. In Tavatui, various varieties of fish (whitefish, ripus, etc.) are successfully bred. In Soviet times, commercial fishing was carried out on the lake, up to several tens of centners of fish were caught per day. Now there are not so many fish here, but you can catch them in your ear.
and we reach the southeastern cape (rather, it is an observation deck, designated in the navigator as a “camping site”), near the town of High on the eastern coast.
Here on the lake you can see a whole group of islands. Great views.
Arriving from the west, we rounded the southern part of the lake and reached the village of Tavatui in the east. This is the first Russian settlement on the lake, founded by Old Believer settlers (second half of the 17th century). The Old Believer community was headed by Pankraty Klementievich Fedorov (Pankraty Tavatuysky).
The well-known Ural writer Mamin-Sibiryak also visited the village of Tavatuy in the 19th century. This is how he described his acquaintance with these places in the essay “The Cut Piece”: “We had to travel relatively briefly along the Verkhoturye tract, and after two feedings we turned left from it in order to drive a “straight road” through lakes ... This deaf forest road, which exists only in winter, extraordinarily beautiful ... In such a forest in winter there is some especially solemn silence, as in an empty church. Dense spruce forests are replaced by through deciduous copses, through which the blue distance glimmers. And it’s good, and it’s creepy, and I want to drive through this forest desert without end, giving myself up to specially road thoughts. ... "
, 60.181046Mount Dedova: 57.123848 , 60.082684
Obelisk /"Europe-Asia/" Pervouralsk: 56.870814 , 60.047514
Stretching from north to south for thousands of kilometers, dividing by an invisible line two parts of the world - Europe and Asia, there are boundary pillars installed by people in order to emphasize this attraction, and each of these pillars has its own history.
Where is the border between Europe and Asia?
The border line between Europe and Asia runs from the coast of the Kara Sea along the eastern slope of the Ural Range.
Parallel to the border between the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansiysk Okrugs from the east, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Komi Republic from the west. But, usually the border between Europe and Asia is drawn along the watershed.
We owe this to Tatishchev Vasily Nikitich, who first expressed this idea in 1720, pointing out that the Ural Range is a watershed, and nature and the rivers flowing from it to the west differ from those flowing to the east, both in the presence of different fish species and vegetation western and eastern slopes of the Urals.
Obelisk "Europe-Asia" Berezovaya
One of the most beautiful and largest obelisks "Europe-Asia" was opened in 2008 near the city of Pervouralsk on Mount Berezovaya.
On the Old Moscow Highway, the very path along which the convicts were led to, here they said goodbye to Russia, taking with them a handful of earth as a memory of their homeland.
Historical feature of the obelisk
Today, a high 30-meter pillar of red granite is crowned with a double-headed eagle, and before that it was more than modest. The very first border sign appeared here in the spring of 1837 - before the arrival in the Urals of 19-year-old Tsarevich Alexander Nikolayevich - the future heir to the throne.
In 1846, the monument was replaced with a marble one, and a gilded double-headed eagle was fixed on top.
On the monument itself there was an inscription: "In memory of the visit to this place by Their Imperial Highnesses the Sovereign Heir Tsesarevich and Grand Duke Alexander Nikolayevich in 1837, and Duke Maximilian of Leuchtenberg in 1845."
Later, signs “Europe” on the left and “Asia” on the right were hung on the wooden fence of the monument, and after the revolution the monument was destroyed as a reminder of royal power.
However, in 1926, having realized it, they nevertheless erected a new monument, though not marble, but simply faced with granite and without an eagle, and a cast-iron cast fence was installed around the border pillar.
In the mid-1990s, it was replaced with bollards with chains.
You can get to the obelisk on Mount Berezovaya near Pervouralsk along the federal highway P242 Yekaterinburg - Perm, turning at the sign for Pervouralsk or Novoalekseevskoye and go to the Staromoskovsky tract.
"Europe-Asia" as a tourist's dream
Since we ourselves live in the Urals, namely, five kilometers from this very place, we can say with confidence that at the moment this clean and tidy place is of particular value to the traveler.
We dare to assure you that for any tourist who has visited, and in particular the Sverdlovsk region, it will be interesting to stand on two parts of the world with your right and left foot at the same time, and the sensations to experience, as the classic said, are the most unforgettable. And these memories will last a lifetime.
We often travel from west to east and back for work, it happens several times a day that we cross this invisible line. Imagine! In the morning you left for Asia, and in the evening you are already in Europe or vice versa. So, without any borders and Schengen visas! There are several similar steles in the region, but this one is one of the most grandiose.
Border pillars "Europe-Asia"
There are dozens of border monuments along the entire border of Europe and Asia, including in very hard-to-reach places. True, not all of them correspond to the real border, but consider the most famous and popular among tourists.
The first is a stele at the very. They put it in the early 2000s and it does not stand out with anything remarkable, even historically. The only thing is that it is easy to get to, as it is located near the busy Yekaterinburg-Perm highway, a few kilometers from the capital of the Urals.
The northernmost obelisk on the border of Europe and Asia stands on the shore of the Yugorsky Shar Strait. It was installed in a remote area in 1973 by employees of the polar station. The border sign is a wooden post with the inscription "Europe-Asia". Also, a chain with an anchor is nailed to the post.
Memorial sign at st. The top of the Sverdlovsk railway is one of the oldest and can only be reached by train Yekaterinburg - Shalya.
On the federal highway M5 "Ural" on the pass through the Ural-Tau ridge.
The easternmost obelisk, located not far from Yekaterinburg on Polevskoye Highway in the village of Kurganovo, was installed in 1986.
Obelisk located near the road bridge across.
You can also note the "space" monument "Europe-Asia", which stands on the Nizhny Tagil - Uralets highway, which was opened in 1961 and, accordingly, dedicated to the space flight of Yuri Gagarin. It looks like a square column 6 meters high, and crowns it with the image of the globe.
There are other monuments, but unfortunately, they have lost their former attractiveness, both for the indigenous people and for tourists.
Here is such an entertaining digression into the history of the border between Europe and Asia, we today conducted for you, friends. Perhaps over time, the article will be supplemented with new data, but for now:
Fascinating excursions and travels!
It is clearly written that the border between Europe and Asia runs directly along the Ural ridge and down to the Caucasus. This fact draws even more attention to the mountains, which are already full of secrets and mysteries.
Directly in the mountains there are border posts that signal that Europe is on one side and Asia is on the other. However, the pillars are placed very unsuccessfully. The fact is that they do not quite correspond to historical data.
Different approaches to defining boundaries
In addition, when comparing several sources, one can come to the conclusion that there is no consensus about the Caucasus at all about where the border passes. The most common opinion is that it passes through the main watersheds of the ridge. Other sources indicate that the border runs along the northern slope. By the way, if you look at the atlas of Soviet times, then there the Euro-Asian border runs directly along the border of the USSR.
This attitude towards the passage of the border has led to disputes over the territories of Asia and Europe, which for some scientific circles is almost a paramount task. Until now, they argue whether Mont Blanc and the same Elbrus belong to Asia or Europe.
Leading scientists assure that it is impossible to draw a border between parts of the world with an accuracy of a kilometer. The fact is that there are no sharp transitions between them. If you approach from the point of view of the difference in climate, there is no difference, the same applies to vegetation, wildlife and soil structure.
The only thing you can rely on is the structure of the earth's surface, which reflects geology. It was on this that the leading geographers relied in their time, trying to draw a border between Asia and Europe. They took the Urals and the Caucasus as a basis.
Conditional and real border
Here a natural question arises - how to draw a border in the mountains? It is known that the width of the Ural Mountains is about 150 kilometers, the Caucasus Mountains are even wider. That is why the border was drawn along the main watersheds, which are located in the mountains. That is, the border is completely conditional and cannot be considered accurate, even if counted in kilometers. However, subsequently a competent decision was made, according to which the modern border has clearer contours.
For an ordinary citizen, the answer to the question: "Where is the border between Europe and Asia?" can be given as follows: "Across the Urals and the Caucasus." He will be quite pleased with such an answer. And what about cartographers? After all, it was possible to draw the borders of Europe along the Ural River both on the left and on the right. There are many such examples. For this reason, in scientific circles, it was decided to consider the border passing along the eastern slope of the Urals and Mugodzhar. After it goes along the Emba River, to the northern shore of the Caspian Sea to
Kerch Strait.
That is, since recently, the Urals have been part of Europe, and the Caucasus - in Asia. As for the Sea of Azov, it is "European".
received grant from the Russian Geographical Society, explored the border between the two continents and gave its exact scientific description from the Kara to the Caspian Seas. Perhaps, thanks to this, an end will be put to the almost three-hundred-year-old "border" dispute.
Borderline Difficulties
Border between Europe and Asia passes through the Urals. This is known to everyone from the school bench, it is written in all textbooks, and on important railway lines crossing the Ural Range, there are obelisks, on one side of which "Europe" is indicated, and on the other - "Asia". But, upon closer examination, it turns out that everything is not so simple.
Even if we leave aside the history of the issue, which is more than one hundred years old, and just look at modern geographical publications, it turns out that there are significant discrepancies in the description of the border. Most of all discrepancies concern the place of its passage in the Caucasus region. Because of this, a lot of controversy arises. What is the exact area of Europe and Asia? How to make statistical calculations correctly? From what points should we start in the industrial development of border regions? Which mountain is considered the highest European peak - Mont Blanc or Elbrus? In some encyclopedias it is written: “... depending on the definition of the boundaries of the continents, the list of the highest peaks may change slightly”, and on numerous tourist sites such discussions are constantly unfolding: “... You have problems with geography !!! The border runs along the Kuma-Manych depression, so the Caucasus is fully part of Asia! Therefore, Elbrus cannot possibly be the highest peak in Europe! This is the highest peak in Russia!”
Reference
For the first time in Russian history, the Urals, as a continuous mountain belt stretching from the Arctic Ocean to the Caspian Sea, was described by V.N. Tatishchev. He also proposed to consider the Urals as the border between parts of the world. Before him, the border was drawn along the Tanais-Don (Herodotus), the Volga and Kama (Arab sources) and even the Ob (Delil).
With regard to the southern part of the border, there are two main points of view. Some scientists consider the latitudinal section of the Ural River near the city of Orsk to be it, but most geographers call the southern outskirts of Mugodzhary the tip of the Urals.
There is no consensus on the western border of the Urals, and disputes about the northernmost point of the mountains have been going on for more than 260 years. One group of researchers considers the northern tip of this part of a mountainous country to be the area of Konstantinov Kamen in the Polar Urals. Others refer to the Urals even the coast of the Kara Sea in the area of the Yugorsky Shar Strait. In the latter case, Cape Thin is called the northernmost point of the Urals.
landscape approach
Clarified border between Europe and Asia
Based on the fact that border between Europe and Asia should be clarified not only on the mainland, but also in the zones of the shelf, marginal and inland seas, the researchers propose to attribute the entire Kara Sea to Asia, and to draw the border between Europe and Asia along the eastern shores of Novaya Zemlya and Vaygach Island. The most problematic is about the northern point of the border between Europe and Asia on the coast of the Kara Sea. Based on a comparison of possible options for closing the intercontinental border, the expedition came to the conclusion that the main landmarks within the Yugra region of the Urals should be considered the Kara Bay, the canyon of the lower reaches of the Kara River with a transition to the Nyarmayakha valley and Mount Konstantinov Kamen as an orographic expression of the northern end of the Ural Mountains.
With the southern border, everything is more complicated. The Southern Urals differs from all other mountain regions in a more complex geological structure, an arcuate shape of tectonic structures and a whole fan of ridges, a disconnected network of longitudinal river lobes, having a southern and southwestern direction. In such conditions, it is difficult to choose which of the ridges is the main one. In his V.N. Tatishchev chose the Ural River as a border from its very source. The expedition did not agree with these conclusions, since in the upper reaches the river does not yet represent a noticeable frontier. In addition, the valley of the upper reaches of the Urals is significantly shifted to the east, in relation to the structural-tectonic axis of the Urals, while a number of its ridges still continue to play the role of the main watershed of the mountain system.
In this regard, it is proposed to draw the border between Europe and Asia, focusing on the meridional orographic structures that have access to the southern tip of the entire mountain system - Mugojaram and the Shoshkakol ridge. The main landmarks for this part of the border are crossing the Ufa river valley at its confluence with Kizil, then along watershed (Kalyan ridge) with access to Mount Sava (748m), Yurma ridge (1002m), Taganay ridge (Mount Kruglitsa, 1177m), northern extremities of the Maly Taganay ridge with access to the axial part of the Uraltau ridge to the Nazhimtau ridge, which serves as a watershed of the Urals and Volga.
This is where Europe ends
The end point of the border of the East European Plain and all of Europe in the south is a low-lying sea plain, located at the northern foot of the Northern Aktau ridge between the Kochak Bay and the western ledge of Ustyurt.
