Aircraft l 410 hovercraft. How it's done, how it works, how it works
TASS-DOSIER. On November 15, 2017, a Let L-410UVP-E20 Turbolet passenger plane of Khabarovsk Airlines, flying along the route Khabarovsk - Nikolaevsk-on-Amur - Nelkan settlement (Ayano-Maysky district Khabarovsk Territory), made a hard landing 2 km from the destination. Six people were killed, including two crew members. One child saved.
The TASS-DOSIER editors compiled a chronology of L-410 aircraft crashes in Russia. In total, from the end of 1991 to present. in. five crashes occurred on the territory of the Russian Federation aircraft of this type (excluding the state of emergency on November 15, 2017). They killed a total of 41 people.
April 4, 1992 aircraft L-410UVP (registration number RA-67130) of Kamchatavia airline, en route from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to Baikovo (Sakhalin region), crashed near the destination airport. There were 12 people on board - two pilots and 10 passengers. The crew violated the approach procedure, the plane collided with the ground 5 km from the runway. The torn propeller cut the fuselage behind the cockpit, killing one of the passengers, two more people were injured. The power elements of the aircraft were significantly damaged.
August 26, 1993 In Yakutia, an L-410UVP-E aircraft (registration number RA-67656) of the Sakha-Avia airline, flying along the route Kutana - Chagda - Aldan, crashed while landing at the last point of the route. There were 24 people on board - two pilots and 22 passengers, all of them died. The commission investigating the crash found that the aircraft was heavily overloaded. Its landing weight exceeded the maximum allowable by 550 kg, this changed the balance of the aircraft when the crew began to extend the flaps, causing the aircraft to stall and collide with the ground. Pilots were found guilty of the emergency, who decided to fly, despite significant excesses in takeoff and landing weights, as well as with an overestimated rear centering of the aircraft.
January 20, 1995 aircraft L-410UVP (registration number RA-67120) of the Abakan airline, flying flight 107 on the route Krasnoyarsk - Abakan, crashed during takeoff at the Krasnoyarsk airport Yelizovo. The aircraft was unable to gain altitude, collided with trees and crashed 930 m from the runway. There were 19 people on board - two pilots and 17 passengers. Both crew members and one passenger were killed, 13 people were injured. The cause of the accident was the congestion of the aircraft, the failure of the right engine and the erroneous actions of the crew during takeoff with one engine running. Exceeding the maximum allowable takeoff weight of the aircraft by 278 kg was due to the fact that the staff of the Yemelyanovo airport and the crew placed four passengers with luggage in the cabin, who did not have tickets for the flight.
March 1, 2003 a private aircraft L-410UVP (registration numbers RA-67418, FLA RF-01032), which was carrying out airborne landing flights for skydivers, crashed near the Borki sports airfield in the Kimrsky district of the Tver region. There were two crew members and 23 paratroopers on board (despite the fact that the maximum allowable number of paratroopers in this version of the cabin layout is 12). Permissible takeoff weight was exceeded by 618 kg. When, during the flight, the paratroopers headed for the exit in the tail section of the aircraft, the centering was disturbed, the machine went into stall mode and, due to off-design overloads, fell apart in the air. 11 people were killed - both crew members and nine athletes. 14 people were able to leave the plane and land on their own with parachutes, while four received fractures.
July 22, 2012 aircraft L-410UVP (registration number RF-00138) of the DOSAAF of Russia crashed at the Bolshoye Gryzlovo sports airfield (Serpukhov district, Moscow region). The aircraft was landing on an unpaved runway after landing a group of paratroopers. The front and left landing gear of the aircraft broke, resulting in significant damage to the cockpit and the lower part of the fuselage. Only two crew members were on board, both were hospitalized in serious condition. The aircraft commander died from his injuries on July 24, 2012, the co-pilot died in the hospital a month and a half later, on September 6, 2012.
Let L-410
Let L-410 Turbolet - multipurpose twin-engine turboprop aircraft of local overhead lines. Developed in the 1960s. in the design office of the Let Kunovice plant (Kunovice, Czechoslovakia, now the Czech Republic). The first flight was made on April 16, 1969, now produced by the Czech company Aircraft Industries (the owner is the Russian Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company), in total more than 1.1 thousand copies of various modifications were built, of which 862 were delivered to the USSR. The most modern modification, L-410UVP-E20, is capable of carrying up to 19 passengers or 1,800 kg of cargo over a distance of up to 1,500 km. In 2016, Aircraft Industries sold nine copies of the L-410 in Russia, and another 11 units were scheduled for delivery in 2017. The option of deploying the serial production of the aircraft at the Ural plant is being worked out civil aviation(Yekaterinburg).
In total, at least 117 such machines were lost during the operation, more than 420 people died in 106 accidents.
"Khabarovsk Airlines"
Khabarovsk Airlines is a regional state unitary enterprise engaged in transportation in the Khabarovsk Territory. Operates aircraft: An-24 (2 machines), one Yak-40 and An-26 each, as well as four L-410UVP-E20 2013-2015. release (registration numbers - RA-67035, RA-67036, RA-67040, RA-67047). For the airline, the November 15 disaster was the first in its history.
Let L 410 "Turbolet" is a versatile nineteen-seat twin-engine aircraft for regional airlines. The aircraft with reduced takeoff and landing properties (UVP in the name L410 UVPE20 means the Russian abbreviation "Short takeoff and landing") was developed by the Let design bureau of the plant. It was intended for operation on grass, dirt, snow unprepared sites, as well as at airports with short lanes. Produced to date at the Czech factory Let. Other names: Turbolet, Let, L410, Let L410, colloquial - Elka, Cheburashka.
History of production and creation
The design of the aircraft began in 1966. For the first time, an experimental aircraft equipped with a Pratt & Whitney RT6A27 theater (2x715hp) passed flight tests on 04/16/1969. The regular use of L410A aircraft was the first to be opened at the end of 1971 by the Czechoslovak aviation company Slov Air (Bratislava), which served local air lines - by the beginning of 1974, it had acquired twelve aircraft. A total of 31 aircraft were built. 5 aircraft (number 72010306 and number 720201) L410A with RT6A27 engines, built under the name L410AS by 1972, were transferred to the Soviet Union in 1973. The aircraft received Soviet registration numbers SSSR67251 - SSSR67255. The first of them was brought to the airfield by Frantisek Svinka, a Czech test pilot. The airfield people immediately called the pretty plane "Cheburashka".
In 1973, flight tests of the L410M aircraft, equipped with the Czech theater Walter M601A, started. L410M became the second serial variation of the "Turbolet". In total, by the end of 1978, one hundred L410M / MU aircraft were received for the Ministry of Civil Aviation of the Soviet Union.
In 1979, the production of an improved L410UVP modification began, which became the main production model. This aircraft differed from the previous versions by a longer fuselage, larger vertical tail and wing, the use of spoilers and a Walther M601V theater (2x730hp). This aircraft passed the certification program in the USSR and was taken into use by Aeroflot. Further development was the L410UVPE variant with more powerful TVDM601E. The first flight of such an aircraft took place on 12/30/1984. It has improved takeoff and landing characteristics and reduced noise level in the cockpit. In 1986 certified in the Soviet Union. A modification of the L420 was developed with powerful TVDM601 °F (2x778 hp), a larger take-off weight (6.8 tons) and improved flight properties (flight tests of the aircraft started in 1993).
By the beginning of 1992, 750 L410 aircraft remained in the Soviet Union.
It is used in military and civilian flight schools for preliminary training of future pilots of military transport and long-range aviation.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Comecon in the 1990s, the demand for L410 aircraft fell, and their production rates decreased by more than ten times (from 50 aircraft per year to two to five). The situation has improved significantly since 2008, when a 51 percent stake in Let Kunovice (Aircraft Industries) was bought by the Russian company Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company. The production rate in 2010-2012 was eight to ten aircraft per year. They plan to increase the annual production rate to 16-18 aircraft.
In 2013, the L410 UVPE20 modification was made, equipped with analog or digital avionics (optional), TCAS system, autopilot. L410 UVPE20 has an ARMAC type certificate.
OJSC "Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company" in September 2013 acquired a 49 percent stake in LetKunovice (Aircraft Industries). UMMC thus became the sole owner of Aircraft Indistries, bringing the stake to 100 percent.
The aerodynamic design is a turboprop twin-engine high-wing aircraft with a single-fin tail unit.
Specifications L410 UVP-E20:
Length: 14.487m.
Height: 5.83m.
Wingspan: 19.478m.
Wing area: 34.86 sq.m.
Flight range: 1500 km.
Maximum speed: 395km/h.
Ceiling: 8000m.
Number of passenger seats: 19 seats.
Crew: 2 people.
Motor type: 2 × TVD GEH80200
Takeoff power: 2×800hp
Propeller type: 2×AVIA AV725.
Number of blades on the screw: 5.
Propeller diameter: 2.3m.
Weight of empty aircraft: 4050kg.
Maximum takeoff weight: 6600kg.
Mass of fuel in the main tanks: 1000kg.
Mass of fuel in end tanks: 300kg.
Let L-410 Turbolet – twin-engine turboprop aircraft of local airlines. Produced by the Czech company LET since 1971.
Story
Within the framework of the CMEA - the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, which existed from 1949 to 1991, Czechoslovakia, as one of the founders of the organization, had the prerogative of creating small aircraft and air taxis. Having a serious industrial potential, it produced several types of small aircraft and supplied them to dozens of countries both in the socialist camp and outside it (including the USA). But, by the mid-1960s, it was decided to create a small regional aircraft, much larger in comparison with the rest of the line.
The development of the aircraft began in 1966. The first prototype aircraft equipped with a Pratt & Whitney PT6A-27 theater (2 x 715 hp) began flight testing in 1969. The regular operation of L-410A aircraft at the end of 1971 was the first to be opened by the Czechoslovak airline Slov Air from Bratislava, serving local airlines - by the beginning of 1974, it received 12 aircraft. A total of 31 aircraft were built. Five L410A aircraft with RT 6A-27 engines, built by the end of 1972 under the designation L-410AC, were transferred to the USSR the following year.
In 1973, flight tests of the L410M aircraft equipped with Czech Walter M 601A theater engines began. L-410M became the second serial modification of the "Turbolet". In total, by the end of 1978, 100 L-410 M / MU versions were received for the USSR Ministry of Civil Aviation.
LET L-410 Turbolet is the workhorse of regional aviation. Skyships channel video
In 1979, the production of an improved modification of the L-410UVP began, which became the main production model. The fuselage, wing and tail were upgraded, improved Walter M 601 B engines (2 x 730 hp) were installed. This aircraft passed the certification program in the USSR and was put into operation.
A further development was the L-410UVP-E variant with more powerful M 601 E theater engines. It features improved takeoff and landing characteristics and reduced noise levels in the cockpit. In March 1986 it was certified in the USSR.
Exploitation
Since the start of operation in 1971 and by 2009, about 1130 L-410s were produced, most of which went to the USSR. In Russia in 1992, there were 750 aircraft of this type on the wing. As of 2006, more than 300 L-410 aircraft remain in operation in the world.
It is used in civil and military flight schools for preliminary training of future pilots of long-range aviation and military transport aviation.
With the collapse of the CMEA and the USSR, the volume of production of the L-410 dropped significantly, however, aircraft continue to be produced. On the this moment Let is owned by the Russian UMMC (OAO Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company).
Universal aircraft for local air lines (IL), which replaced the An-2. The first foreign-made aircraft that entered the domestic air routes. Other names: L-410, Let, Let L-410, Turbolet, Cheburashka.
Description
The development of the aircraft began in 1966. The first prototype aircraft, equipped with a Pratt-Whitney Canada RT6A-27 turbojet engine (2 x 715 hp), began to undergo flight tests on April 16, 1969. opened the Czechoslovak airline "Slov Air" from Bratislava, serving local airlines - by the beginning of 1974, she received 12 aircraft. A total of 31 aircraft were built. Five aircraft (serial No. 720103-06 and No. 720201) L-410A with RT 6A-27 engines, built by the end of 1972 under the designation L-410AC, were transferred to the USSR the following year. The aircraft received Soviet registration numbers from USSR-67251 to USSR-67255. The first of them was brought to the airfield of the State Research Institute of Civil Aviation by the Czech test pilot Frantisek Svinka. The airfield people immediately called the handsome newcomer "Cheburashka". In 1973, flight tests of the L-410M aircraft equipped with the Czech Walter M 601A theater began. L-410M became the second serial modification of the "Turbolet". In total, by the end of 1978, 100 L-410M / MU aircraft were received for the USSR Ministry of Civil Aviation.
In 1979, the production of an improved modification L-410UVP began, which became the main production model. This aircraft differed from the previous versions by an elongated fuselage, increased wing and vertical tail, the use of spoilers and the installation of a Walter M 601 V theater engine (2 x 730 hp). This aircraft passed the certification program in the USSR and was put into operation by Aeroflot. A further development was the L-410UVP-E variant with more powerful M 601 E theater engines. The first flight of this aircraft took place on December 30, 1984. It is distinguished by improved takeoff and landing characteristics and a reduced noise level in the cockpit. In March 1986 he was certified in the USSR. A modification of the L-420 was developed with a more powerful M601 F theater (2 x 778 hp), increased takeoff weight (6.8 tons) and improved flight characteristics (flight tests of the aircraft began in November 1993).
Starting from 1969, 1104 L-410s of various modifications were built, 862 of them ended up in the Soviet Union. By the beginning of 1992, about 750 L-410 aircraft remained in the USSR.
Modifications
L-410UVP Short-haul passenger aircraft, a modification of the L-410 aircraft, in which the take-off and landing distance is reduced. The abbreviation "UVP" means "short takeoff and landing." The first launch took place in 1976. Produced by the Czechoslovak company "Let". The aircraft is equipped with a conventional avionics complex of joint Soviet-Czechoslovak production. This aircraft differs from its predecessors in its elongated fuselage, larger wing and tail, the use of spoilers, and a more powerful engine.
Specifications
| Modification | L-410 | L-410UVP |
|---|---|---|
| Wingspan, m | 19,48 | 19,98 |
| Aircraft length, m | 14,424 | 14,42 |
| Aircraft height, m | 5,83 | 5,83 |
| Wing area, m² | 35,18 | 34,86 |
| Empty aircraft weight, kg | 3800 | 4180 |
| Maximum takeoff weight, kg | 5800 | 6600 |
| Internal fuel, l | 1300 | 1290-1690 (can be increased by 400 liters by installing fuel tanks at the ends of the wing) |
| engine's type | 2 × TVD Motorlet (Walter) M 601E | |
| Power, hp | 2 x 750 | |
| Diameter of five-bladed propellers, m | 2,3 | |
| Maximum speed, km/h | 457 | 457 |
| Cruise speed, km/h | 380 | 380 |
| Practical range, km | 1380 | 680 |
| Range, km | 546 | |
| Practical ceiling, m | 6320 | 6460 |
| Crew, people | 2 | 2 |
| 17-19 passengers or 18 paratroopers or 6 stretchers and 6 seated wounded with an attendant or 1615 kg of cargo | 19 passengers or 1710 kg of cargo | |
Notes
Links
- Photos (English) - photos of the aircraft.
- Description L-410UVP // airwar.ru
- Description L-410UVP // avia.ru
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .
The L 410 UVP-E20 / L 420 aircraft, which is the latest and most modern successor of the illustrious L 410 series aircraft, is a well-proven 19-seat turboprop small passenger aircraft with excellent technical parameters and operational reliability, ease of operation and simple maintenance.
My first acquaintance with this aircraft took place in Kamchatka. It was very actively used on local airlines. He also flew to the Commander Islands. About this somehow separately. Childhood....
products webpage
general views
The L 420, which is an FAA certified variant of the L 410 UVP-E20
At the beginning of 2010, there were 69 L-410s in the register of the Civil Aviation of Russia, 12 of them were in operation. In 2009, Aircraft Industries delivered 4 L-410s to Russia: two for the Sasovo Civil Aviation Flight School and two for private clients. In 2010, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Aviation Enterprise acquired three L-410s. Currently, the Czech company manufactures aircraft by order of the Russian Ministry of Defense.
A small trunk, like all twin-engine. Also, there can be a weather radar antenna and other joys.
The prototype of the engine standing here was the same ageless PT-6A
Engines
Manufacturer GE Aviation Czech s.r.o.
Model M 601-E (L 410) / M 601-F (L 420)
Maximum takeoff power 560 kW - 751 SHP (L 410) / 580 kW - 751 SHP (L 420)
Maximum continuous power 490 kW - 657 SHP
propellers
Manufacturer Avia Propeller
Model V 510
Number of blades 5
3,000 flight hours between overhauls
American engine manufacturer GE Aviation announced the signing of a five-year contract for the supply of M601 and H80 engines to the Czech aircraft manufacturer Aircraft Industries. These motors will be supplied for assembled in Czech city Kunovice turboprop aircraft L-410-UVP-E20. The Czech company expects the production of this 19-seat twin-engine aircraft for local airlines to exceed 10 units per year in the coming years.
The M601 is already in use on the L-410. The H80 engine is its improved modification, which will allow the aircraft to operate in hotter conditions and at higher altitudes. Aircraft Industries plans to certify the L-410 with the new engine in mid-2012. After that, owners of versions of the aircraft with the same power plant will be offered a remotorization on the H80.
bow stance
main rack
windshield
I have always been struck by the windshield in this plane. Outwardly, it looks like an armored car.
climbed inside, it’s interesting, but is this option for opening the door most likely not suitable for dropping paratroopers? And who will let them, paratroopers, into such a salon :-)))
Here is the salon. In my opinion, it is much more comfortable than the cabin of many business jets. Nothing hangs over your heads here.
Now let's go to the cockpit:
Radio navigation and radio communications
Flight parameters display 2 sets
AHC-1000A, heading and position computer 2 sets
Air signal calculator 2 sets
NAV/COM/GPS 2 sets
MKR 1 set
ADF 1 set
AHRS position and heading system 2 sets
DME 2 sets
Intercom and local public address system 2 sets
Repeater I 1 set
Repeater II 1 set
Flight information recorder 1 set
Emergency beacon 1 set
Voice recorder in cockpit 1 set
Weather radar 1 set
EGPWS 1 set
AMS2000 1 set
The pilot needs to make his way to the workplace not between the seats as usual, but along the edges of the cabin. This effectively makes it impossible for one person to fly the aircraft. Not everything can be reached from one of the chairs.
instrumentation
Airspeed indicator - standby 1 set
Barometric altimeter - back-up 1 set
Artificial horizon reserve 1 set
Magnetic compass 1 set
Torque indicator 2 sets
Gas generator speed indicator 2 sets
Propeller RPM indicator 2 sets
Temperature gauge between turbines 2 sets
Three-point pointer 2 sets
Fuel gauge (main tank) 2 sets
Fuel quantity indicator (tank at the wing) 2 sets
Flow meter pointer 2 sets
Outside temperature gauge 1 set
Double air temperature gauge 1 set
Clock 2 sets
larger
top panel
Possible additional options:
HF Transceiver
TCAS II
Autopilot
For me, it's always a mystery, why not put the same autopilot on such planes right away?
central panel
kvsa place
steering wheel
general view, here they squeeze
workplace of the 2nd pilot
and now some flights from Bolshoi Gryzlovo
Aircraft are used mainly for dropping paratroopers. They have, in addition to just a couple of blisters on the sides.
led, here you can look at the L410 in comparison with our An-28 (it is a little behind)
so they will fly? :-)) And the black at the tail, is it so that paratroopers beating against the tail unit do not dirty the fuselage?
takeoff
break at the end
planting in the grass
still landing
Modifications:
L-410 prototype, three built.
L-410A first series with Pratt & Whitney PT6A-27 engines.
L-410AB four-blade propeller version.
L-410AF aerial photography version for Hungary.
L-410AG with modified equipment was not built.
L-410AS test aircraft, supplied to the USSR. five built
L-410M second series with Walter M601A engine.
L-410AM version with improved M601B, also known as L-410MA or L-410MU.
L-410UVP is the third series, thoroughly modernized. Increased wingspan by 0.80 m, M601B engine, higher horizontal stabilizer.
L-410UVP-S variant of the VIP cabin with a door that swings up (as on our plane)
L-410UVP-E aircraft equipped with M601E engines, five-bladed propellers, additional fuel tanks in the wingtips. The L 410 UVP-E20 variant is this type certified aircraft under FAR 23 (Amendment 34) and type certified in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Indonesia, Philippines, Argentina, Brazil, Russia, Cuba and Chile. Following the introduction of new European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) regulations, the aircraft also received a full type certificate valid in all EU countries (EASA).
L-410FG Photogrammetry version based on L-410UVP
L-410T UVP transport variant with large cargo door (1.25m × 1.46m), can carry 6 stretchers like a medical plane plus a doctor or 12 paratroopers. Or 1000kg cargo in containers.
L-420 L-410UVP-E upgrade - new engine M601F, Let-420 US FAA certified variant of L 410 UVP-E20.
L-410 has been produced since 1969; now in operation, according to the manufacturer, there are more than 540 aircraft. Since 2008, 51% of Aircraft Industries, formerly known as LET Kunovice, has been owned by the Russian Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company (UMMC).
Dimensions
outdoor
Wingspan 19.98 m
Length 14.42 m
Height 5.83 m
Internal
Max. cabin width 1.96 m
Max. cab height 1.66 m
Passenger cabin volume 17.90 m3
Number of passengers 17/19 seats
Passenger door dimensions 0.8 x 1.46 m
Cargo door dimensions 1.25 x 1.46 m
Weight
Max. takeoff weight 6 600 kg
Max. landing weight 6 400 kg
Max. weight without fuel 6 000 kg
Power
Maximum cruising speed 386 km/h TAS 208 kTAS
Maximum flight range (ISA, 45 min reserve) 1,400 km
Cruise altitude 4,200 m
Maximum working height 6,100 m
Takeoff distance up to 35 feet
ISA, SL, MTOW 565 m
ISA+15°C, SL, MTOW 655 m
Landing distance from 50 feet
ISA, SL, MLDW 503 m
ISA+15°C, SL, MLDW 520 m
Single engine ceiling (ISA, 95% MTOW, climb speed 50 fpm 4380 m
Climb ratio at S/L both engines 6.6 m/s
Climb ratio at S/L single engine 1.7 m/s
Power point- 2 x Walter M610E turboprop,
5-bladed propeller AVIA (V510)
Max. takeoff power 560 kW 751 hp
Max. continuous power 490 kW 657 hp
Crew 2 pilots
