Attractions and interesting places in Anuradhapura. Sacred City of Anuradhapura - Free Ticket Tricks Petroglyphs of Sakwala Chakraya
general information
The city of Anuradhapura was founded by Prince Anuradha in 500 BC. e. In the 3rd century, Shanghamitta planted a Buddha fig tree here - the “tree of enlightenment”. The city prospered until 993, when the capital was moved to Polonnaruwa.
The sights of the city hidden for many centuries in the jungle are Aukana Buddha and the Guardian Stone in Thuparam. The 13-meter-high granite Buddha, carved in the 5th century, is said to be made with such precision that drops of rainwater falling on the tip of its nose flow down to the ground exactly between the big toes. The guardian stone at Thuparam is said to contain one of the collarbones of the Buddha.
Of great interest is the place where Thero Mahinda, the son of the Indian emperor Ashoka, proclaimed Buddhism the main religion of Sri Lanka - it is marked with the revered Bo tree, as well as Ruvanveli Seiya, considered the world's largest stupa, erected in the 2nd century BC. They say that this structure is shaped like an ideal bubble that forms on the water during rain.
Today Anuradhapura is, in essence, two cities: modern, well-planned, shady, cozy, and ancient, famous for its monuments. The distance between the monuments of Anuradhapura is much greater than in Polonnaruwa, so you will need a taxi or at least a bicycle to see them.
Modern Anuradhapura is surrounded by three ancient reservoirs: Tisa Veva and Basavakkulama Veva are located in the west, and Nuwara Veva is in the east. Of all the monuments of the past, they are the least affected by time. Sri Maha Bodhi, the sacred Bo tree, grows in the center of the old city. Like the tooth of the Buddha kept in Kandy, this tree is one of the most revered Buddhist shrines. After adopting Buddhism, Devanampiya Tissa asked the Indian ruler Ashoka for a branch of the sacred tree under which Siddhartha Gautama attained enlightenment. Ashoka sent a branch, and a new tree was carefully grown from its cutting. Currently, the Bo tree in Anuradhapura is considered the oldest on earth: it is more than 22 centuries old. However, it still looks quite strong and healthy. A platform was built around the tree with a stone staircase leading to it, at the base of which there is a golden sculpture depicting the planting of a cutting. Believers first bow to her, and then go up to the platform to pray to the tree itself.
Nearby you will see one of the most mysterious places in Anuradhapura. Once upon a time there was the majestic Loha Prasada Palace, from which 1600 gray monolithic columns, set in 40 parallel rows, 40 columns each, have survived to this day. Some columns were barbarously destroyed or removed from their places during the restoration carried out at the beginning of the 20th century. The palace was built during the reign of Devanampiya Tissa (250-210 BC) to receive Indian messengers who brought a sacred branch from the Bo tree.
Dagobas in Anuradhapura are quite numerous, they are the best preserved evidence of the former greatness of the city. These structures are distinguished by their beauty and magnificent architecture, so it is not surprising that they are among the most significant Buddhist monuments not only in Sri Lanka, but throughout the world. The height of the Abhayagiri dagoba, or "Dagoba of the Mountain of Fearlessness", is 100 m.
It was built by the ruler Valagamabahu in 89 BC. e., just after the repulse of the Indian invasion. Even older is the massive white da-goba of Ruvanveliseya, which is not inferior to Abhayagiri in height. Its construction began under the monarch Duthagamani. (161-137 BC), and ended after his death, during the reign of his brother Saddhatissa (137-119 BC).
The oldest dagoba of Anuradhapura, and of the entire island, is Thuparama, located just north of the Ruvanveliseya dagoba. Its height is only 19 m, it is perhaps the smallest cult building in Anuradhapura, but it surpasses the rest in importance. Dagoba Thuparama was erected in 249 BC. Devanampiya Tissa to commemorate his conversion to Buddhism. It is believed that the right clavicle of the Buddha and the dish from which he ate were kept in the dagoba. These items are gifts to a convert from the Indian ruler Ashoka. It is not surprising that the Thuparam dagoba enjoys special reverence and is an object of pilgrimage. The Dagobah is shaped like a bell and surrounded by four rows of stone columns. Stairs lead to it, decorated with skillfully executed bas-reliefs and statues.
The Jetavana Dagoba, on the northern border of the old city, cannot be compared in holiness with the Thuparam Dagoba, it deserves attention because it is the largest in Sri Lanka: its height is 120 m and its diameter is 112 m. The construction of this dagoba dates back to the reign of Mahasena (274-301) .
South of the sacred Bo tree and slightly east of the Tissa Veva reservoir is the grandiose rock monastery of Issaramuniya Vihara. Several monastic premises are located outside the caves. A small museum at the entrance to the cave exhibits bas-reliefs that are considered the best in Anuradhapura. Some of them depict members of royal families who lived in different eras. The most famous bas-relief - "Lovers" (IV-V centuries). Presumably, it depicts either a warrior with his beloved, or a divine couple. The bas-relief is made in the Indian gupta style.
Although the dagobas erected by the rulers have survived to one degree or another to this day, we, unfortunately, cannot say the same about their residences. Only the remains of Mahasepa's palaces have survived. (301-328) and Vijayabahu I (1055-1110) . The magnificent moonstone, once located in front of Mahasena's palace, today attracts the attention of tourists, but almost nothing remains of the former luxury and grandeur of the palace. Entrance is paid or with a single ticket to the "Cultural Triangle".
Neighborhood of Anuradhapura
Mihintale
Approximately 12 km east of Anuradhapura, near Highway 12 leading to Trincomalee, is ancient temple Mihintale, highly revered by the Buddhists of Sri Lanka. The temple was founded in 247 BC. when Mahinda converted the ruler of Anuradhapura to Buddhism.
Mihintale is located on top of a giant granite rock. Numerous stairs lead to the temple. To get to it, believers have to overcome 1840 steps, so the pilgrimage here can be compared to a mountain climb. On the way up, you will see the ruined hospital and the temple of Kantaka Chetiya, dating from about 240 BC. e. But the main monuments of Mihintale are on the top of the cliff: these are two dazzling white dagobas - Ambastale and Mahaseya - surrounded by coconut palms and rock ledges. From the top of the cliff opens fabulous beauty view. There is also a small museum here - with frescoes, fragments of ancient ceramics and bronze figures. Paid entrance.
Aukana Buddha
It is difficult to get here by car, but you can walk from the Aukana station, getting off the train from Colombo to Trincomalee. The main local attraction is the 12-meter statue of Aukan Buddha, dating back to the 5th century. The statue is carved from solid stone (it can be seen that the back is literally fused with the rock). This is perhaps the most elegant image of the Buddha of all existing in Sri Lanka. The Buddha is depicted in the ashiva mudra position, that is, blessing. The word "aucana" means "feeding on the sun", and indeed the dawn - best time to view and photograph the statue. If you have your own transport, then in Kekirava (Kekirawa) exit route 9 and follow the narrow country road through Kalaveva to Aukana (Kalawewa). You will have to drive about 11 km. Paid entrance.
Yapahuwa (Yapahuwa)
The ancient rock fortress of Yapahuwa resembles Sigiriya, but is inferior to it in size. The fortress was built in the 13th century. and served as the residence and main stronghold of the ruler of Bhuvanekabahu I, who more than once repelled invasions from South India. Currently, you can climb a steep, ornate staircase to the platform where the temple once stood. It was in it that the sacred tooth of the Buddha was originally placed, but then it was transferred to the Temple of the Tooth in Kandy. On the platform you can see some magnificent bas-reliefs, and the view from here is truly wonderful. Like Aukana, Yapahuvu is difficult to reach by private transport. The fortress is located 4 km from Maho station (maho) on the railway line Colombo - Anuradhapura. If you still decide to go by car, then choose highway 28, between Kurunegalla and Anuradhapura. Paid entrance.
Anuradhapura. Photo credit: Joseph Clerici, Flick
Modern Anuradhapura consists of two parts - the Old City and New town. The old city is essentially a huge historical park with ancient ruins of city palaces, gardens, Buddhist temples, monasteries and dagobas and stupas. Hotels, guest houses, shops and restaurants are mostly located in the new city.
Set aside at least one full day for the Old City of Anuradhapura
what to go for
Don't miss in Anuradhapura
- Rent a bike to explore the magnificent Old Town of Anuradhapura.
- Watch the beautiful ceremonies near the ancient sacred Bodhi tree, around which the second most sacred temple of Sri Lanka, the Bodhi Tree Temple, was built.
- Don't miss the magnificent dagobas (Buddhist stupas): Ruwanwelisaya, Thuparamaya and Jetawanarama.
- Walk around the grounds of the ancient Abhayagiri monastery located in the northern part of the city and admire the royal gardens and the original architecture of the Isurumuniya temple built into the rock in the south of the city.
- Set aside a day for a trip to Mihintale - one of the most sacred places Sri Lanka.
bodhi tree
The Bodhi tree is perhaps one of the most sacred relics of Buddhism. According to legend, Buddha meditated and attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree in the Indian town of Bodg-Khaya, so Bodhi trees are cultivated in many Buddhist monasteries. The original tree has been destroyed. But, again, according to legend, the Bodhi Tree in Anuradhapura was grown from a sprout of the original tree brought from India. Years later, a new one was grown from the sprout of the Anuradhapura tree on the site of the original felled tree at Bodg Haya.
Given the lore and history, it is not surprising that the temple built around the Bodhi Tree in Anuradhapura is one of the holiest places for the Buddhists of Sri Lanka. It is always crowded here, there are many pilgrims who regularly hold beautiful ceremonies.
Bodhi tree in Anuradhapura. Photo credit: Mario Feierstein, Flickr
Pilgrims to the Bodhi tree. Photo credit: David & Bonnie, Flickr
Dagobahs of Anuradhapura
Dagobahs are ancient Buddhist stupas of the original form, inherent in ancient Sri Lankan architecture. At the base, the dagobas have the form of a huge dome erected on a massive platform, which is crowned with a small pointed tower.
The four most important dagoba of Anuradhapura are: Jetawanarama - the largest dagoba in Sri Lanka, Thuparamaya - the most sacred dagoba of the island, Ruwanwelisaya - a magnificent white dagoba, which is considered the most beautiful dagoba of the island and the island's most atmospheric dagoba - Abhayagiri, located on the territory of the monastery of the same name.
Dagoba Abhayagiri. Photo credit: Chandana Witharanage, Flickr
The rays of the sun after a heavy downpour - Dagoba Thuparamaya. Photo credit: lesterlester1, Flickr
Visit to the old city of Anuradhapura
The cost of visiting the Old City and all the sights is about $ 25, in terms of local currency. Tickets are on sale at the Archaeological Museum. Anuradhapura does not have one main entrance where tickets are bought and / or presented, there is also no wall between the old and new cities. In fact, you can walk around the whole old city and not meet ticket checkers, but still we would recommend not to succumb to the temptation of "free cheese" and still purchase tickets).
inspect Old city best by bike. The alternative is to walk or rent a tuk-tuk. You can rent a bike or tuk-tuk and get a map at any guest house in the city. Set aside a full day to explore the local attractions. Wear clothes that cover your shoulders and knees, take off your shoes where you take off your shoes locals. There are stalls in the park where you can buy food and drinks.
Watch your belongings - local monkeys are still those thieves, they can easily steal a bag, glasses, a camera, and in general everything that lies badly or hangs on a person)
Little inhabitants of Anuradhapura. Photo credit: Nadun Wanniarachchi, Flickr
Anuradhapura. Photo credit: lesterlester1, Flickr
Mihintale
The tiny town of Mihintale, located 12 km from Anuradhapura, is considered the birthplace of Buddhism in Sri Lanka. According to legend, here, on the top of the mountain, the fateful meeting of the Indian monk Mahinda, the son of the Indian emperor Ashoka and King Devanampiyatissa, took place, from whose reign Buddhism began to spread on the island.
To climb to the top of Mihintale to the spectacular white dagoba and the white statue of Buddha, you need to overcome 1840 steps. The ascent consists of several levels, along the way you can see the relics and stupas of the island's first Buddhist monastery.
You can get to Mihintale from Anuradhapura by tuk-tuk, bicycle, train or regular minibuses. Set aside a day to travel.
Buddha statue in Anuradhapura. Photo credit: Daniel Kosla, Flickr
Ascent to the top of Mihintale. Photo credit: k.dexter fernando kariyakarawanage, Flickr
(Anuradhapura) is an ancient city on the island of Ceylon, which was the first capital of Sri Lanka. The Sinhalese built the city of Anuradhapura already in the 5th century BC! A lot of time has passed since then, but the remnants of this interesting city Sinhalese can be seen in the north of Sri Lanka, having arrived there from Colombo by bus. We wanted to definitely visit its ancient ruins, saturated with the spirit of ancient history!
Compared to the south of the country, in the center and in the north of Sri Lanka, the main cultural attractions have been preserved - the so-called "Golden Triangle". Anuradhapura is part of it. Here are the famous stupas or dagobas, which have spread as an architectural norm throughout South-East Asia, and most high building brick in the world! And we started our acquaintance with Sri Lanka right here in Anuradhapura. practical information and a lot of experience has accumulated, and now we will tell you about everything in detail.
- This is the first capital of the Sinhalese state and was founded in the 5th century BC by the Indian prince Anuradha. It is located within the boundaries of the modern city of the same name in Sri Lanka. Its name literally translates as "city of Anuradha".
basic information
| Name | Anuradhapura, (English Anuradhapura) |
| Where is | In the northern central part of the island of Sri Lanka, on the banks of the Aruvi River, at an altitude of 81 m above sea level |
| What is | The city of Anuradhapura is sacred to Buddhists and consists of the Old City (historical part + archaeological area) and the New City across the river (residential areas and tourist area). It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1982 |
| GPS coordinates | 8° 21′ 0″ N, 80° 23′ 7″ E 8.35, 80.385278 |
| Distance to Colombo | 206 km |
| How to get there | From Colombo - by bus, train or taxi; From Matara - by train; By bus from Trincomalee, Vavuniya, Polonnaruwa, Dambulla, Kandy and Kurunegala |
| Foundation date | 5th century BC |
| Area | 36 sq. km |
| Population | 65 thousand people |
| Climate | Subequatorial, there are two rainy seasons (April-May and October-January). The driest month is June |
| What to watch | Main attractions: ancient dagobas, the ruins of the palaces of the Sinhalese kings, the Isurumnia rock monastery, the sacred Bodhi tree |
View from the top of the monastery in Anuradhapura
Ancient city
Anuradhapura city- it is small modern city in the north of Sri Lanka, which is located next to the impressive ancient ruins of the first capital of the Sinhalese. We arrived here in the afternoon. Our bus stopped at the bus station, and all the passengers got off. Then we got our luggage and went to get acquainted with the new city. At that moment, we really did not know anything about Anuradhapura except that there is an ancient city and outstanding sights of Sri Lanka.
Reading information about Anuradhapura on the Internet, we became very interested in its history. It turned out that the city was built in an area called Rajarata - that is, the "Land of the Kings." Other and more modern name of this region is the Cultural Triangle. Well, there is definitely something to see here. independent travelers and tourists!
The city of Anuradhapura is also called the most important of the ancient cities, as it was the center for a long period of time - for almost a thousand years it held the capital status of the Sinhalese kings and the South Indian emperors of the Chola dynasty. There were strong trade ties with China. And it was also an important center of Buddhism not only for its neighbors, but the fame of its power even reached the Mediterranean. Ambassadors from Anuradhapura met in Rome with Emperor Claudius.
Observation deck on a huge megalith
What to watch
They are located on a large territory and are of great interest among numerous tourists. The ruins of palaces and ancient dagobas, as well as the sacred Bodhi tree, are all definitely worth seeing.
It is here, in the eponymous modern city of Anuradhapura, which arose only at the beginning of the 20th century, tourists come who want to learn about the ancient past of Sri Lanka and visit a UNESCO heritage site. Someone is riding with organized tour or get out for a couple of days from the beaches on an excursion, and we traveled here on our own.
Map of Anuradhapura Archaeological Park
Anuradhapura consists of the so-called "Old City" (Old City), which houses the archaeological area and the main attractions ancient capital, and a "new city" with a tourist area, cafes, shops, hotels and guesthouses, separated from the old city by a river.
Here is an overview video about Anuradhapura:
From the very beginning, it becomes clear that the city of Anuradhapura is not just standing on the river that connected it with the northern coast (near the island of Mannar). Previously, this was very important for communication with allies represented by the Chola dynasty, which extended its influence not only to its closest neighbors, but also to other states and empires of Southeast Asia.
For example, on the Khmers, who built under the influence of the Cholas, and on Dvaravati, an ancient state in Thailand. Remember the largest stupa in Thailand - Chedi Phra Nakhom Pathom! And thus it was from Sri Lanka and Anuradhapura that Buddhism spread throughout the world.
Advice. During the tour of the city of Anuradhapura, you should not forget about the sun and take care of your head and skin if you are easily prone to sunburn. During hot days it is better to drink more water.
archaeological zone
Leaving the bus station, we immediately found ourselves in the so-called archaeological zone, which is visited by all tourists. The main tourist office of Anuradhapura is located on Sri Maha Bodhi, 200 meters from the old northern railway station and bus stations. Here we took a map and found out all the information we were interested in. We definitely recommend visiting this useful place.
- Tourist office opening hours: 9.00 - 16.45 on weekdays and 9.00 - 13.00 on weekends.
- Ticket office opening hours: 7.00 - 19.00 daily. And the ruins are open around the clock.
- Ticket costs $25, valid within a day from the date of purchase. Entrance to the Isurumuniya monastery and to the bodhi tree is paid separately - 200 rupees.
It's important to know! In Sri Lanka, it is customary to take off your shoes when you enter holy places. And the dagobas of Anuradhapura certainly belong to them. So be sure to leave your sandals before entering Buddhist shrines. If you do not plan to return to the same place where you entered, or are afraid that your shoes will be stolen, then carry your shoes with you in a bag or put them in a backpack. Since the brick buildings get very hot in the hot sun, and there is a risk of getting a foot burn, we advise you to bring special socks for examining the dagobas. And yet, clothing should also be modest: shoulders and knees should be covered.
How to get there
There are several options for getting to Anuradhapura, which are suitable for tourists. For ourselves, we decided that the easiest way would be to come by bus from Colombo to Anuradhapura. Although it would be possible to buy a train ticket and make a trip across railway. Or take a taxi / minibus, but it will be beneficial and convenient if you are traveling with a large group.
- By train: There are 6 trains per day from Colombo. There are three classes of carriages, 2 and 3 can be sleeping. Ticket price - from 100 to 520 rupees. Travel time - 5 hours. The stations are located next to the New Bus Station and 2 km north of the city.
- By bus: there are several options. It takes 5 hours to go from Colombo to Anuradhapura, the ticket price is 100-200 rupees; from Kandy - 3 hours for 70-150 rupees; from Polonnaruwa, the journey time is 3 hours, the ticket price is 50 rupees. You can also take a bus from Negombo (with a change in Kurunegale), the journey will take 6-7 hours and you will have to pay 120-200 rupees.
Important! All buses coming from the North and East directions stop at the New Bus Station, and from the South - at the Old North Bus Station. It should be borne in mind that no matter which bus station the bus departs from, it will definitely go to the second one and pick up passengers. However, there may no longer be comfortable seats in the cabin, so it is better to take them immediately at the point of departure. - By taxi A: If you take a car from Colombo or Negombo, then the cost of the transfer will be $150. Driver services with a car throughout the Cultural Triangle will cost $170-200.
Anuradhapura on the map
Where to sleep
Despite the fact that the city is not very big, there is a fairly wide selection of hotels and guesthouses of different price categories. We decided not to stay here in an expensive hotel, because we only needed to spend the night and move on. You can book a room at the Anuradhapura hotel here:
French Garden Guesthouse
In Anuradhapura we stayed in a very decent guesthouse french garden located near the center. We arrived there on the recommendation of the driver. However, the place turned out to be very good and with pleasant prices (3000 rupees for a room with air conditioning and 2500 for a room with a fan). The territory is very beautiful, it has a well-groomed garden in accordance with the name. We were satisfied with the accommodation and service. The only thing I didn’t like is that the guesthouse has a rather expensive restaurant (for example, fried rice costs about 400 rupees), but the food there is delicious. Here you can also rent bicycles to explore the archaeological park and book tours and a guide.
Good hotels in Anuradhapura
To make it easier for you to deal with the search for a hotel, we have studied in detail all the accommodation options, made an overview and recommend the most best hotels in Anuradhapura(links are clickable):
- Rajarata Hotel- grade 7.6 (modern 4* hotel with stylish rooms and swimming pool)
- Gamodh Citadel Resort- grade 8.4 (resort hotel with garden and swimming pool surrounded by ancient ruins)
- Diamond Lake Tourist Rest- grade 8.8 (clean and comfortable guesthouse with its own restaurant)
- Villa Villa- grade 8.3 (family villa with garden close to Lake Nuwara Veva)
- London Palace- grade 8.1 (stylish hotel in town with good restaurant and garden)
All hotels in Anuradhapura see →
Read also:
We have talked about the practical issues associated with traveling to Anuradhapura, and now we turn to the beauties founded by Prince Anuradha in the 5th century BC northern capital Ceylon Islands! The old city is famous for the dagobas, or bell-shaped stupas, scattered throughout the territory. All of them played some role in different periods of the history of the Sinhalese state of Lanka.
The best way to watch Anuradhapura
Keep in mind that the territory of the old city is simply huge, and the sights are scattered quite far from each other. It will be quite problematic to inspect them on foot in the heat, so you should think about transport. There are several options for how to travel between the sights of Anuradhapura:
- By taxi: the driver will take you to all the sights of the old city for $20;
- On a tuk tuk: cost - 100 rupees per hour;
- By bike: in any hotel or guesthouse you can rent a bike and ride through the ruins on your own. The cost is 200 rupees per day.
We took a taxi with a driver. At first we thought to inspect on our own, but we were glad of the opportunity. However, the cost of his services eventually entered into the total amount we paid him for a trip around the entire cultural triangle of Sri Lanka.
Since we arrived in Anuradhapura quite tired after the flight and the hot bus, the driver came in handy. He drove us to all the sights and sometimes even told something and kindly took photos for us. However, in general, we were not very lucky with the driver, and he even tried to deceive us afterwards. You can see all the details.
We recommend taking a driver or guide for those who do not have much time or who, like us at that moment, do not know much about Anuradhapura. However, if we went to the hotel immediately after the bus and first of all had a good night's sleep, and then well prepared for sightseeing, as we usually do, we would go to the archaeological park in the morning. And would prefer in this case to see the sights of Anuradhapura on bicycles on their own.
Advice. The best place to start sightseeing in Anuradhapura is with a visit to the sacred bodhi tree and the ruins next to it, and then head to Isurumuni Monastery, located in the south. After that, starting from the dagoba of Mirisaveti and the dagoba of Ruvanveli, move north to the palace of Mahasena and the Moonstone. And you can finish the tour at the highest dagoba - Jetavanarama.
On the territory of the old city, it is especially worth noting the sacred for Buddhists bo tree(Sri Maha Bodhi or Mahabodhi), which has been growing here for over 2000 years. Its planting is documented in chronicles, and the seed was brought from India. It comes from the same tree under which the Buddha attained Enlightenment.
Dog at the holy stupa of Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka
Keep in mind that the entrance to the tree is paid separately. It turned out that the main trunk of Mahabodhi was destroyed in the 19th century by an English religious fanatic. However, its small trunk remained, which is supported by numerous props.
Next to the Bodhi tree is bronze palace- the pyramidal structure of King Dutthagamani. Only 1600 granite columns have survived.
Then we went to explore the ruins of the archaeological zone of Anuradhapura. First of all, we arrived at the Isurumuni Monastery (Isurumuni Raja Maha Viharaya), the entrance here is paid separately (200 rupees), and the collected funds allegedly go to restore the object.
Entrance to Isurumuni Monastery
The monastery stands on the shore of Lake Tisza. It is famous for ancient stone reliefs - Lovers, Seated Man and Horse Head. Most of the sculptures and reliefs were transferred to the museum, which is located right next to the monastery.
Relief "Seated Man"
The stones around which and on which the monastery was built seemed huge to us! These are not just megaliths, but super-megaliths, and although they are not processed by man, but simply used in construction, they still inspire respect! Steps to the observation deck are carved right on the rock.
Heap of megaliths
If you go upstairs, you will have great views of the surroundings. Here, apparently, it is good to meet sunset and sunrise, as the panorama is 360 degrees. We, unfortunately, did not manage to see this beauty, and we still regret it.
The monastery has a stone pool
Also not far from the lake is the Mirisavatiya dagoba, where we went straight from Isurumuni. In ancient times, its height reached 61 meters, but in the X century it was rebuilt. Mirisaveti was built the very first in Anuradhapura, immediately after the founding of the city. It is oriented to the cardinal points with four gates. We walked around her, carefully examining the details that seemed interesting to us.
According to legend, King Dutthagamani ordered to build this dagoba on the spot where he laid down his royal regalia, in which the relics of the Buddha were kept. The king went to swim, but on his return he could not take his things back. So he realized that it was on this place that the dagoba should be placed. After all, a stupa (or chedi), according to Buddhists, is a burial mound, and the holy relics of the Buddha should be kept inside.
Among the ruins you can sometimes find such unexpected surprises.
Dagoba Ruwanveli
Another interesting Ruvanveli Dagoba (Ruvanvelisaya dagoba) stands out among other attractions of Anuradhapura in that it is surrounded by a wall of 400 elephants. The construction of this dagoba was also started by King Dutthagamani in the II BC, and its height is 54 meters. The original name of the dagoba is Mahathupa, that is, the Great Stupa. Such a name is not associated with height (it was the third among the stupas of Anuradhapura), but with a meaning - a golden bodhi tree is hidden inside.
Interesting fact: when the reconstruction of the shrine began in the 19th century, Buddhists from Burma donated precious stones to decorate the spire.
Ruwanweli Dagoba in Sri Lanka surrounded by elephants
Walking along the wall with elephants at the Ruvanveli Dagoba, we involuntarily remembered and compared the Sri Lankan shrine with. And although the material and style are completely different, there are similar features - the same veneration of elephants in Sri Lanka and in. Elephants in the first capital of the Sinhalese are drawn with almost biological accuracy, but among the Khmers they are more like a conventional image of a beloved animal.
Dagoba Thuparama
And then we ended up near the smallest of the stupas of ancient Anuradhhapura - the Thuparama dagoba (Thuparama dagoba). Its height is only 19 meters - it was founded in the III century BC as a sign of the adoption of Buddhism. And this means that this dagoba is the oldest in Sri Lanka. The clavicle of the Buddha is kept inside. This is a gift from Mahinda, the son of the Indian king Ashok.
Dagoba Thuparama
When the dagoba was rebuilt in the 13th century, a roof was built over it. The wooden building rotted away over time, but the stone columns remained. Such a building is called wat-dage. It seemed interesting to us, we have never seen anything like this before.
Also built in Wat Dage style, the Lankarama dagoba is not a very large stupa. It was erected in the 1st century, and fully corresponds to the canon, which was popular in Anuradhapura, and later will not disappear in the second capital of the Sinhalese - in Polonnaruwa. We looked at her from the side, but if we had more time, we would definitely come closer. She's worth it.
Vijayabahu Palace
The territory of the former palace of the local ruler seemed very interesting to us. And although only columns remained from the Vijayabahu palace itself, built in the 9th century, you can still see a huge pool and a refectory here. The dimensions of the so-called rice and curry pans really impressed us!
The bath of the ruler amazed us with its size
"Refectory" of Vijayabahu Palace. At first I did not believe that rice was cooked here!
Mahasena Palace and Moonstone
We continued to explore the archaeological area on the territory of another popular palace. Compared to other attractions in Anuradhapura, Mahasena's palace famous for its moonstone. And the era of this king was marked by a temporary victory of Mahayana Buddhism over Theravada Buddhism. The change in emphasis led to a change in construction - filigree stone carving became quite popular. And the moonstone is the best and most famous cast of that time - the 7th-8th centuries. We saw a similar moon rock later in Polonnaruwa.
Dagoba Abhayagiri
One more Dagoba Abhayagiri(Abhayagiri dagoba) was built in the 1st century BC and is 115 meters high. However, now, after restoration, the dagoba rushed up only 75 meters. Next to it used to be one of the largest monasteries in the country, in which about 5,000 monks lived. Too bad I didn't get to see him.
According to legend, the name Abhayagiri is associated with the flight of King Valagambahu from enemies. Seeing him running, the monk Giri ridiculed the king. And he promised to return and ... take revenge. After 14 years, the king really returned to his capital, found the monk Giri and executed him. And at the place of execution he built a stupa, naming it in honor of his mocker.
We saw one of the highest dagobas standing in the forests. Apparently, she was expecting an ambulance reconstruction. We hope that you will be able to see what it has become after the repair.
And there is also Kuttam Pokuna Basin, which was built specifically for the Abhayagiri monastery. It seemed interesting to us that it consists of two parts connected with each other. No wonder it was done!
In general, the ancient buildings of Anuradhapura are very impressive. They do not look like they were built for monks, but rather for kings.
But the most important thing to see in the ancient city is the brick Dagaba Jetavanarama(Jetavanarama dagoba). This is one of the few stupas in Anuradhapura not covered in white paint. The dagoba was built in the III century by King Mahasena, and its height was 122 meters in antiquity, and now it is only 70 meters. Nevertheless, it was the largest (tall) brick building in the world. During the heyday of the Sinhalese states, it was one of the tallest structures in the world, second only to the ancient Egyptian pyramids. It is interesting to know that now the highest stupa in the world is the heiress of the Sri Lankan dagobas - in Thailand.
The restoration of the dagoba is still going on (since 1981), so you can walk on its territory without taking off your shoes.
The height of this stupa is mesmerizing. We had to move far away to fit it into the frame, and the people who were inspecting the Buddhist shrine at that moment and walking along the foundation seemed very small.
Did you immediately notice the people below?
Our impressions of Anuradhapura
Despite the fact that we spent only half a day in Anuradhapura, we can definitely say that this is a grandiose place that is worth visiting for everyone interested in Buddhism, its history and the countries of Southeast Asia. After all, Anuradhapura is not only the first capital of Lanka, but also a missionary who spread Buddhism to other countries.
We were especially impressed by the ancient dagobas, which at first glance seem similar to each other, but nevertheless set interesting records - the oldest, the highest! Each of them has its own legend. We were also struck by the evidence of monastic life under these dagobas! Just imagine how rice was cooked in these giant stone vats?!
While visiting the city of Anuradhapura, we were especially interested in the practical hydraulic system, consisting of artificial pools and irrigation canals. Previously, she supported the successful life of the city, located in a rather arid area.
We really enjoyed Anuradhapura, and we did not regret that we put this ancient city in first place in our travel itinerary in Sri Lanka, which we continued after. So we started the history of the island from the very beginning. Although it would be a little more correct to first look at Mihintal, the place where Buddhism spread throughout Lanka itself. But you can visit the shrine the next day, as we did.
Hello friends. We talked about the ancient first capital of Sri Lanka. But it’s not enough to tell - you always want to know what interesting things you can see and where to look in a new place. This is the old city, which is unusual place. On the one hand, this is an archaeological zone, on the other hand, it is a place of pilgrimage for thousands of Buddhists. Numerous tourists do not lag behind believers. What is here? All the main attractions of Anuradhapura. We will tell about them today.
I will say right away that the territory of the old city is huge, if you want to see everything, you should take a tuk-tuk and move around on it. Drivers know where it is best to drive up to drop you off, where you can park without a fine, where to meet us. It's comfortable. We did just that. After a little haggling (this must be done), we agreed on $10 and off we went.
As you can see, the main, fully restored objects of the old city are:
- Isuruminia rock monastery
- Temple and Bodhi Tree
- Museum
- Stupas
But of course, there are more interesting objects. Old Anuradhapura is a huge area of about 20 by 20 km. Walk - do not bypass. But since the sights of Anuradhapura belong to the Sinhala Buddhist culture, there is much we do not understand. Well, dagobas and dagobas, I saw one - you know everything. However, it was interesting for us, including observing people. For believers, everything here is full of meaning.
In the IV century BC. Buddhism came to the island. At the same time, a branch of the Bo tree appeared here.
Isurumuniya Vihara
English Isurumuniya Vihara (Originally Meghagiri Vihara)
Here begins the territory of the old city. In 1950, all residents from this territory were relocated to the New City.
The rock palace was built in 307-267 BC. for 500 monk boys from the upper class. Located in the rocks, next to Lake Tisza. Transferred to the disposal of the community of monks. The Isurumuniya temple was one of the buildings of the largest monastery in Anuradhapura.
Here are:
- two temples - old and new
buddha statues
- mortar
- Lake Tisza
- sculptures
- Museum
bodhi tree
Full name: Mahabodhi Tree (Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi)
One of the most famous Buddhist shrines in the whole world. The Bodhi Tree, or simply, the Bo Tree is very old, it is 2250 years old. It is grown from a branch of a tree (ficus) in the city of Bodh Gaya, under which Prince Gautami became an enlightened Buddha.
In the 19th century, the main trunk of the Mahabodhi tree in Anuradhapura was cut down by an English fanatic, but a small trunk remains, which is now revered and held up with golden props.
The monks tending the tree take young shoots and grow new trees. There are many Bodhi trees on the temple grounds.
Bronze Palace (Loja Pasada)
Another name is Lovamahapaya. The palace is located next to the sacred tree. Built for monks.
This amazing building is 2000 years old. It was built under the legendary Anuradhapura ruler Dutugamunu.
Everyone writes that the temple has 9 floors, but I have no idea how high they should be if the height of the entire temple is 4 meters. The temple has over 1000 rooms. Now we hardly see them. There are 1600 columns along the perimeter. Here it is, please. True, while the columns are concrete, they make a strange look, but it's impressive. Once upon a time, the columns were decorated with silver slabs.
The roof is shaped like a pyramid, its vaults were decorated with copper tiles to make it shine in the sun.
The legend says that the appearance of the building is taken from the vision of the monks.
A group of monks saw the temple while meditating. They sketched what they saw with red arsenic and brought the drawing to the king.
The first temple was built of wood and burned down during one of the fires. Today, only the mention of him and the columns remain.
Around the Bodhi tree is the historical territory of Anuradhapura. Long Alley - the ancient street of the city comes from the temple of the Bo tree.
Along it are huge religious buildings, shaped like a bell. These are dagobas or stupas.
Dagoba or Stupa is a Buddhist architectural and sculptural monolithic monumental and religious building with a hemispherical outline. Initially, the stupa was a reliquary, and then became a monument erected in honor of some event in Buddhism. Historically, it goes back to burial mounds built for the burial of kings or leaders. Wikipedia
Mirisaveti Dagoba
English Mirisaweti Stupa
The legend tells: King Dutugamunu with a harem went to Lake Tisza, where the Water Festival was held. He stuck his staff (scepter) into the soft earth, in which the relic was hidden (most likely a piece of Buddha's bone).
After some time, while preparing to return to the palace, the king found that neither he nor any of his retinue could pull the staff out of the ground - it took root and grew into the ground. Dutugamunu regarded this as a sign from above - the relic should remain in this place, and decided to build a dagoba over the staff.
Mirisaveti
The construction of the building took 3 years. The stupa was rebuilt in the 10th century.
You have already understood that inside each stupa there is a reliquary in which some kind of shrine is kept. It can be a piece of Buddha's bone, his alms bowl, a belt, even a footprint or. The Dagobah may be a monument to the event.
English Ruwanwelisaya Stupa
To see the next stupa, you need to go to the Basavakkulam reservoir.
Ruvanveli Dagoba was built in the II - I centuries AD.
The most famous building of King Dutugemunu. It is also called the White Stupa or Mahatupa, which means "great stupa".
The stupa houses the Buddha's begging bowl.
The building is huge. It covers an area of 120 hectares.
At present, its height is more than 90 meters, and the diameter at the base is 91 meters.
And this is how the stupa looks on a holiday:
We watched the embellishment take place. This can be seen in the photo report.
Ruvanveli Stupa
The foundation of the stupa is made of golden gravel. It is placed on a pedestal. It looks impressive, solemn and mysterious - there are bas-reliefs of 400 elephants on the pedestal. The symbolic and cosmogonic meaning is that the World stands on Elephants.
Elephants participated in the construction of the Ruvanveli dagoba. Each elephant's leg was tied with a leather cloth.
The king personally supervised the work. He watched how the relic chamber for the Buddha bowl was created and watched how the bowl was hidden inside.
During construction, delegations from various parts of India came to the stupa, 30,000 monks from Alexandria (in the Caucasus) led by the Indo-Greek monk Mahadharmarakshita (Mahadharmaraksita).
In 1839 the dagoba was rebuilt.
Sanctuary
Near Ruvanveli there is a sanctuary with 5 statues telling about the incarnations of the Buddha. Pay special attention to one of them. This is a statue of a meditating Buddha. It is believed that she is a portrait of King Duthugamunu. (I have told quite a lot about Datugumunu in the previous article).
Nearby is a smaller copy of the entire sanctuary.
The legend of the stupa and the death of Dutugamunu
King Dutugamunu did not see the completion of the work - the complex was completed after his death by the son of the king. But the Sri Lankans tell a touching story about the last hours of Duthugamun's life.
Ruvanveli Stupa is the favorite brainchild of the king. He dreamed of seeing the building completed, but his health was getting worse and the king held on to the last of his strength. Feeling his imminent death, he hurried his brother, who was now in charge of the construction. And the brother said that there was not much left, although unexpected difficulties delayed the completion of the building.
Seeing that the king was dying, and wishing to make him happy, the brother announced the good news that the stupa was ready. The king was so inspired that his strength returned for a while and he decided to see the creation before his death.
The palanquin with the king was moving towards the dagoba, on the way the king met his old friend, who has now become a monk. They talked about the mortality of old men and how rulers are reborn in the celestial sphere of Tushita immediately after death.
The king died happy, never knowing that his brother Tissa went to deceit: knowing that the king's eyesight had become completely weak, the brother pulled the purest white fabric over the frame. Dutugamunu was sure that the stupa was completed.
In fact, it was only half built.
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Jetavana Dagobah
English Jethawanaramaya Dagoba
If you leave the complex and go through the Jetavanarama monastery, you will see another huge stupa.
This is Jetavana Dagoba, the highest stupa in Sri Lanka. Built in the III century BC. where the Nandana gardens were. Here, for seven days, the son of King Ashoka, Prince Arahat Mahinda, who brought Buddhism to Sri Lanka, read a sermon.
Jetavana is a modified Indian word for Jotivana. It translates as "the place where the rays of liberation shone."
Each stupa holds a shrine. Inside this stupa is the belt of the Buddha.
Jetavana Dagoba is the tallest brick building in the world. Of the ancient structures, only two pyramids in Giza are higher than it.
The stupa was completely destroyed. Restoration work began only in 1981. Since then, the dagoba has been open to pilgrims, and services are held here.
If we consider the main historical document of the Sinhalese kingdom - the chronicles of Mahavasma, then we will find out the details of the construction and features of this dagoba.
At its base is an ideal circle with a diameter of 122 meters, which is difficult to do without special measuring tools.
It is known that the construction of this dagoba took about 90 million bricks.
Thuparam Stupa
Anngl. Thuparama Dagoba
Anuradhapura's oldest dagoba. Built in the III century BC.
Located next to Jetavana Dagoba. The oldest dagoba of Tuparam.
The first stupa meant that the king of Sri Lanka had adopted Buddhism.
In the 19th century it was faced with marble.
Abhayagiri dagoba
English Abayagiri Dagoba. It is also called Abyagiri Dagoba.
In the north of the complex are the ruins of the Abhayagiri monastery. It was built specifically for the monks who were expelled from the main monastery.
The monks were declared heretics, but in fact they created the Mahayana Buddhist movement, more liberal than the mainstream.
Abyagiri Dagoba is the center of this current.
This is what Abhayagiri Dagaba looked like quite recently
Inside the monastery there is another interesting dagoba.
During its foundation (XII century) it was the second highest in the Capital.
Tradition says that it was built right above the place where the Buddha's foot touched the ground.
Kuttam Pokuna (Twin Pools)
There is a unique building on the territory of the Abyagiri monastery. These are twin pools built by the masters of the ancient capital.
The name should not confuse you, the pools are not identical. The length of one is 40 meters, the other is only 28 meters. But this is not the main thing: the local water purification system is much more interesting, because the water in the pools is clear and clean.
The pools are considered to be an example of significant achievements in the field of hydro-engineering and architectural-artistic creations of the ancient Sinhalese.
Before entering the tanks, the water passes through a series of narrow underground channels, is filtered by sand and earth, entering the pool completely cleaned of dirt and debris.
For the pools, granite slabs were cut to include the bottom and sides of the pool. And around the pool, a wall is built that encloses and secures the connection.
The entrance to the pool is decorated with a lion's head and an image of a snake, on the walls of the bowl of abundance.
Real live turtles are splashing in the pools themselves.
Finally, we want to give you some useful tips:
Show respect for other religions. A famous scandal erupted in Anuradhapura a few years ago when our tourist was put in jail. She wanted to take a memorable photo in front of the sacred ancient Buddha statue. They say she turned her back, but I think it was something more serious.
This is the statue of Buddha.
- Dagoba needs to be bypassed in a certain direction - clockwise. This is a ritual bypass, corresponding to the culture of Buddhism.
By the way, in Hinduism it is customary to make a detour as well - clockwise. It is believed that witches and sorcerers for the sake of their black deeds, go counterclockwise.
- To visit any religious places in Sri Lanka, we recommend dressing modestly, in accordance with Buddhist requirements: legs are covered (not shorts), shoulders are covered (not a T-shirt).
- Take off your shoes in front of the temple and leave them in a specially designated place or put them in a bag and carry them with you.
- Enter the temple barefoot. If the stoves are very cold or vice versa - they are hot in the sun, go in socks, but without shoes.
- When visiting sights that are far from the noise and roads, be careful: there may be snakes and monitor lizards in the grass.
The history of the founding of the city is lost for centuries. According to one version, after the South Indian prince Vijaya came to the island, among the seven hundred of his associates there was a man named Anuradha, who founded a small village. The village was named after him, and over time, the small settlement turned into a large one. According to another legend, the city was named after a star in the constellation of Scorpio - Anuradha. Which of the theories to choose, everyone can decide for himself, but one thing will remain unchanged. Anuradhapura is a holy city and the ancient capital of Sri Lanka for 1500 years. Every year, thousands of believers make a pilgrimage to holy places.
The period when Anuradhapura directly became the capital of the kingdom began with King Pandukabai, who approved the city as the capital in 380 BC. e. To the west of the city, he built the Basava Kulam reservoir to supply water to the growing population of the city, established a sewerage system, laid out parks, and built palaces.
Judging by the ancient chronicles and surviving monuments, Anuradhapura was built according to a certain plan. Four city gates were oriented to the cardinal points, and the defensive walls surrounding the city were already in the 1st century BC. BC. reached a height of about 2 meters. In the II century. BC. the walls of Anuradhapura were built on and supplemented with watchtowers. Ancient Anuradhapura consisted of an inner city, which was formed royal palace and the most important religious buildings, and the outer city that grew later. A park adjoined the inner city, which King Devanampiyatissa donated to the Buddhist community. It should be noted that during its heyday, the territory of Anuradhapura exceeded 12 km. in diameter, and more than 300,000 people lived in it.
Due to its location, Anuradhapura was a very vulnerable city to foreign invaders. She was constantly attacked and periodically under the influence of the kings of the Indian dynasties. One such Indian ruler was the Tamil prince Elara, who came from South India in 205 B.C. He managed to hold power on the island for 44 years until a little prince named Dutugamun grew up, who decided to expel the Indian invaders from Sri Lanka. About 15 years lasted his confrontation with Prince Elara, however, in 161 BC. the victory went to Duthugamunu.
The Indian army of the Cholas, who arrived at the end of the 10th century, led by Prince Rajaray the Great, destroyed Anurakhdapura, but after their overthrow in 1070, the city was restored. The capital of the island, transferred by the Cholas to Polonnaruwa, was left there. People slowly left Anuradhapura, which was eventually abandoned and swallowed up by the jungle, until 1980, when under the patronage world organization UNESCO, which recorded the ruins of Anuradhapura in the list world heritage, a comprehensive restoration of the ruins of the first ancient capital of Sri Lanka was launched.
Anuradhapura is undoubtedly one of the most attractive places for both pilgrims and tourists from all over the world. Like many centuries ago, monks and believing Buddhists come here. Students and schoolchildren often come to the ancient capital to once again remember their great history and better understand the present.
Built around two huge boulders below the Tissaveva reservoir, created by King Devanampiyatissa, the temple was part of the oldest monastery complex, founded in the 3rd century BC. BC, which includes a Buddhist temple in the rock, with a statue of the reclining Buddha, a pond and elephant bas-reliefs carved into the rock, preserved in their original form. Some of the sculptures remained in their places, but some of them were moved to a specially created museum nearby.
One of these famous bas-reliefs is the image of a girl on her knees with her beloved warrior. The work dates back to the 5th century. According to the locals, it depicts the son of King Duthugamunu, Salia, and his beloved Asokamala, a girl from the lower caste of the “untouchables”, for whom Salia relinquished the throne.
On the shore of Lake Tisza is Mirisaveti Dagoba, built of red brick with a broken point on top. This stupa was built under King Duthugamunu. According to legend, the ruler went for a swim, sticking a symbol of power into the ground - a royal yoke with the relics of Buddha. At the end of the bath, the king, with all his strength, could not pull the yoke out of the ground and, regarding this as a sign, ordered to lay a dagoba in this place. The work was carried out for about 3 years, and the height of the stupa reached 60 meters, but it was rebuilt in the 10th century.
To the right of the oldest reservoir, Basavakkulam, built during the reign of King Pandukabay in the 4th century. BC, with an area of about 120 hectares, one of the most ancient and revered stupas of Sri Lanka, Ruvanvalisaya, laid, according to legend, by King Dutagamunu in the 2nd century BC, in honor of his victory over the Indian prince Elara, opens up. However, unfortunately the king did not live to see the completion of construction. Ruvanvelisaya is otherwise called the White Stupa or Mahatupa, which in Sinhalese means the Great Stupa, although it is only the third largest of all the stupas of ancient Anuradhapura and soars 55 meters in height.
The stupa was built on a foundation of golden gravel and is located, as it were, on a pedestal, on the outer wall of which 400 elephants standing shoulder to shoulder are carved. The significance of these elephants is explained in two ways. On the one hand, the elephants support the platform on which the dagoba stands, as if supporting the earth in accordance with Buddhist cosmology. On the other hand, they say that the elephants simply helped in the construction of the stupa and this is a tribute to the memory of the majestic workers. Unfortunately, after multiple restorations started in 1893, the stupa lost its original shape.
If you follow Ruvanvelisai clockwise around Ruvanvelisai, you will see a modern shrine with five statues of a standing Buddha. Four of them, made of limestone, date back to the 8th century and symbolize the four incarnations of the Buddha on earth, and the fifth modern statue symbolizes the future Buddha and is crowned with a tiara, and holds a lotus flower in her hand. Continuing around Ruvanvelisai, you will see a statue facing the dagoba. According to legend, this is the figure of King Datugamun himself, built by his son Siddatissa, who completed the construction of his father's stupa and placed his statue so that he could enjoy his majestic creation. Nearby you can see a small model of the original Ruvanvelisai stupa.
One of the shrines revered by Buddhists around the world, the Bo tree or bodhi. It is reputed to be the oldest plant on earth, and its age is about 2250 years. The tree grew from a seedling taken from the Buddha tree in India, under which, according to legend, Prince Gautama attained enlightenment. The seedling was brought to the island by Princess Sangamitta, daughter of the Indian emperor Ashoka and sister of Prince Mahinda, who brought the idea of Buddhism to Sri Lanka. The original tree has not survived, but the sacred shoot in Anuradhapura still grows to this day, despite the fact that the city was regularly attacked and conquered by Indian invaders who destroyed the ancient capital. Numerous offshoots of this Bo tree have been planted throughout Sri Lanka, as well as in many countries of Southeast Asia. Now the mighty branches of the tree growing at the top of the terrace support special gilded iron props that can be seen all around. When approaching the tree, all visitors should take off their hats and shoes in accordance with the customs of Buddhism, meaning respect for shrines.
To the right of the sacred Bodhi tree, you can see the Lohapasada Palace or "Bronze Palace", which is a strange and wonderful structure built by King Duthugamunu over 2000 years ago. The palace is a 9-storey building with 1000 rooms, the roof of which is supported by 1600 columns, about 4 meters high. In ancient times, all the columns were decorated with silver plates, and the roof of the palace building, resembling a pyramid, was covered with bronze copper sheets, which gave it its name "bronze". Since the palace was built of wood, it was destroyed several times as a result of fires and restored first to the 7th floor, and after another fire in the 4th century, only up to the 5th. When Anuradhapura was captured by the Indian Chola army, the Bronze Palace was finally destroyed. The columns that have survived to this day were assembled from the remains of more ancient buildings by King Parakramabahu the Great in the 12th century.
At the exit of the Mahavihara monastery complex, consisting of the Bodhi tree, the Bronze Palace and Ruvanveli Dagobda, on the right is the Jetavanarama Monastery, on the central platform of which rises a gigantic stupa, about 120 meters high. On June 4, 2009, Jetavan Dagoba was inaugurated for visiting and conducting Buddhist ceremonies. Work on the restoration of the Dagoba began in 1981 and continued for about 28 years. Dagobah is equipped with a special lighting system of lights that allows you to highlight the stupa during religious holidays.
According to the main Sri Lankan chronicle Mahavamsa, King Mahasena built this huge Dagoba, 112 meters in diameter, from red brick in the 3rd century BC. About 90 million bricks and a quarter of a century were spent on the construction. The stupa is a perfect circle. It is known that in ancient times, on the site where the stupa was built, there were Nandana Gardens, where Arahat Mahinda, the son of King Ashoka, who brought Buddhism to Sri Lanka, read a sermon for seven days. Since then, the name Jetavana (changed from Jotivan) has gone, literally meaning "the place where the rays of liberation shone." In ancient records of the 13th century, it is said that a fragment of a sash was immured in the mortar, which was used to gird the Buddha.
The original height of the stupa was about 160 meters, which made it the third tallest building in the world after famous pyramids in Giza. During the conservation and restoration work, it was found that the foundation of the stupa went more than 8.5 meters into the ground rock and now the height of Jetavan Dagoba is 71 meters. However, it remains the largest stupa in the world built entirely of brick.
To the west of the stupa is the house of the image of the Buddha. Judging by the preserved doorway 8 meters high, it was an impressive building.
Returning to the road leading past the Bassavakkulam reservoir, you can see the oldest dagoba of Anuradhapura - Tuparama, which literally means "stupa". The Tuparama Stupa is the first religious building in Anuradhapura and the first stupa built in Sri Lanka in the 3rd century BC. King Devanampiyatissa as a token of his acceptance of Buddhism. Its height is only about 19 meters, and inside is a particle of the right collarbone of the Buddha. In the 6th and 13th centuries, the stupa was completed and even covered with a wooden roof, from which only numerous columns remained that supported it. The stupa that you can see today was restored and faced with white marble in 1862.
In the northern part of Anuradhapura is the monastery of Abyagiri, which covers an area of about 235 hectares. The monastery was built in the 1st century. BC. King Valagambahu for a group of monks expelled for heresy from the Mahavihara monastery, who created a new trend of Mahayana Buddhism, which was more liberal, in contrast to the traditional strict teachings of Theravada. In the center of the monastery is the Abyagiri Stupa, built by King Gajabahu. In the 12th century, King Parakramabahu completed the dagoba to a height of 115 meters, which made it the second highest dagoba of the ancient capital, but today the height of the stupa does not exceed 75 meters. According to legend, the stupa was built over the footprint of the Buddha.
Statue of Samadhi Buddha in meditation posture. The statue was carved from limestone in the 4th century and, according to legend, the eyes of the statue were made from natural stones. Those who wish to come closer must take off their shoes and hats.
The unique building of the Abyagiri monastery is the Twins pools, built in the 8th century by monks. In fact, the pools cannot be considered twins because one of them is 28 meters long and the other 40. The uniqueness of the pools lies in the water purification system, which, before entering the pool, passes through a series of small depressions to the right of the structure, where the dirt settles to the bottom, and pure water enters a smaller pool through an opening surmounted by a dilapidated lion's head. A stone statue of a snake next to it symbolizes good luck. The two basins are interconnected by a small diameter pipeline.
Traveler
Entrance fee: 25/12.5 $ or 4500/2250 adult/child.
The ticket is valid only during the day! But many Anuradhapura can be visited for free, so if you plan to visit it for more than one day, then it makes sense to visit paid places on one day - Abyagiri, the Citadel, Jetavanarama, museums and the main Architectural Museum, and on other days to see the rest. The ticket office is near Architectural Museum. Tuk tukers can offer to take you around the complex without buying tickets by paying them personally, but the amount is less than the cost of tickets.
The sights of Anuradhapura can also be seen in the evening when the lights turn on and the Sri Lankans come to religious sites for ceremonies. After 18:00, the box office is closed and you can walk around all the sights for free.
It is forbidden to use quadrocopters in Anuradhapura.
