Delhi city, india. Delhi - the capital of modern India Where is the city of Delhi
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Delhi (New Delhi) is the Indian capital and one of the largest cities in the world. The capital of India spread its territories over western shores the Jumna River, which is a right tributary of the Ganges. Doab is a settled and fertile plain located at the intersection of these rivers. This .
Delhi is a city of originality and uniqueness. Various architectural monuments, ashrams, as well as religious centers form a huge variety of everything that is in this magnificent capital.
City of contrasts
Delhi is a city of real contrasts. Such an amazing combination of the incongruous is created by 2 parts of the city - New Delhi and Old Delhi. The magnificent and unique contrast between the narrow streets that wrap around Old Delhi, as well as modern infrastructure, queues at cinemas and many other things that New Delhi has, impress and enchant everyone who comes here.
Lotus TempleCapital of modern India
Delhi is a place where the nightlife is in full swing. All night festivities, as a rule, are concentrated in five-star hotels, which include bars, restaurants of excellent service and quality of service, as well as clubs that work until the morning. Tourists can be transported here by both conventional transport and.
Urban transport of the Indian capitalThere are a huge number of restaurants in the central part of the capital of India, and that is why it will never be a problem to find a restaurant where you can have a delicious lunch for a small price.
Delhi is the capital of India, the most mysterious country of the East. The city is located on the banks of the Jumna River, a tributary of the Ganges, in the northern part of India. This is its second largest metropolis, divided administratively in 1947 into Old and New.
Delhi is a cosmopolitan city where different cultures intertwine, shaping its structure in various ways. Hindi is spoken in Delhi, but English and Portuguese are also common. There is a wonderful infrastructure and transport links, information technologies, light, food, ceramics and chemical-pharmaceutical industries are actively developing, and handicrafts are not forgotten.
This city is rich in its history and architecture, it is called the "capital of seven empires". There are 60,000 monuments in Delhi that are of world significance and were built several millennia ago. The history of the city is full of mysteries. Until now, among scientists there is no definite opinion about how many settlements there were in Delhi. It is believed that there were three main centers of settlement, and around at different times - up to 16 settlements and fortifications. Delhi is a real oriental fairy tale waiting for its connoisseurs. You can relax here with a noisy youth company and arriving with your soulmate.
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21.5 million people |
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3000 BC |
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10 340 people/km2 |
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Climate and weather
The climate of Delhi is tropical monsoonal. Precipitation is uneven, with most falling between June and August. The monsoon season is from June to the end of September. Summer in the city is long and hot. June and May are the hottest months, when the atmosphere is dominated by air masses brought from the deserts ( average temperature +33.4°C). Due to the proximity of the Himalayas in winter, the city is very foggy, dry and cool weather prevails (the average January temperature is - +14.2 °С). Sometimes there are frosts. The best time to visit is from March to May.
Nature
The city is divided into two parts by a river Jumna. River in the east hindon(a tributary of the Jumna) separates Delhi from the neighboring city Ghaziabad. The city itself is located within Indo-Gandhian Plain which has a very varied landscape. There are also fertile flat areas that are used for Agriculture, and the southern arid hills. From the south to the northwest, Delhi is surrounded by a ridge arc Aravalli. The most prominent in the chain is Delhi Range, whose height is 318 m. All this makes the nature of the city interesting and diverse.
Delhi is a city of gardens and parks, beautiful greenery and exotic birds. Mughal gardens flaunt in the Presidential Palace, jainati buddha park And Nehru park delight the eyes with their beauty throughout the year. And in the summer, the air of Delhi is filled with the wonderful aroma of fragipani flowers.
Attractions
You will find many attractions here: monuments, ruins of Hindu and Muslim temples, mausoleums. Among them stand out in a special way: the Red Fort with a large palace complex left over from the Mughal era, and "Multicolored Palace" rang mahal, bhairon temple, "Old Fortress" Purana Qila, complex Jahaz Mahal, a wonder of the world - a stainless steel column three centuries old, Memorial Jawaharlar Nehru Museum, delhi zoo, memorial Indira Gandhi with "crystal river", India's largest theater under open sky for eight thousand spectators. You can list the sights of Delhi endlessly, but no words can compare with their live view.
Nutrition
Residents of Delhi are very fond of eating away from home. Here you will find restaurants and cafes for every taste even in the most secluded corners of the city. Inexpensive Indian snacks are sold at roadside stalls in the Palika bazaar area, Paharganj and on Janpath Street. You can taste traditional North Indian cuisine in restaurants Geoffries, The Buck Stops Here located in the mall Ansal Plaza, Dhaba, Nirula's(focused on tourists), The Rampur Kitchen. There are also fast food restaurants familiar to Europeans: McDonalds, Pizza Hut, Pizza Express. top of the village- the best of the six restaurants included in the Village Bistro.
In the back streets of Old Delhi you will find Karim, he is known for excellent kebabs. And if you want to dine on the roof, you should visit Parikrama. IN good hotels there are buffets, coffee shops, restaurants, bakeries, which are open not only for guests. Basically, food establishments are open until eleven, and bars - until midnight.
Accommodation
The number of hotels in the city is not inferior to the number of bars and cafes. Comfortable and comfortable, for every income and taste, they are always happy to meet guests. Among the most the best hotels — Aman New Delhi, Taj Palace Hotel, The Imperial and The Oberoi New Delhi. It is noteworthy that hotels in Delhi are built no higher than palm trees (up to 9 meters high).
Entertainment and recreation
Delhi has not only sea beaches e.g. by the lake Bhalswa.
Interesting sports clubs in Delhi. Best Western Resort and Country Club in the vicinity of Delhi, in a corner of the Aravali range, is known for the presence of sports facilities and playgrounds for children. Sports clubs Delhi Golf Club, Delhi Polo Club, The Meadows Golf and Country Club- this country clubs in cozy places. There are several major stadiums in Delhi where international competitions are held. Attractions interesting to visit Bal Bhavan And State Children's Museum and Aquarium (National Children's Museum and Aquarium), which are open from Tuesday to Saturday from 09:00 to 17:00 with an hour break for lunch. As well as Shankar International Puppet Museum (Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg), Zoological garden and fairground Appu Ghar square.
Every Saturday and Thursday, the Annabelles disco will open its doors for you. Popular nightclubs Royale Mirage, Dublin, Capitol, SSteel, Elevate, Djinns, DV8, Ghungroo, My Kind of Place— in each of them a vibrant nightlife is in full swing.
Purchases
In addition to countless sights, Delhi offers excellent shopping opportunities. You can buy cheap items made of silver, gold, precious stones, as well as carpets, clothes, silk, leather, antiques. Of the shops first worth a visit Yashwant Place- the largest center of trade. Here you will find inexpensive jewelry and fur coats (a mink coat can cost from $300, and other furs are even cheaper). Everything here is really real and inexpensive, but you can also bargain for a big discount. IN Dilli Khat you will find branded silk products and much more. Women will be interested in visiting Santushti, which sells a lot of women's goods. Huge area surrounded by shopping mall- this South Extension 1 & 2. There is absolutely everything here: from music discs to gold jewelry. If you want to buy something ethnic, visit Central Cottage Emporium. IN The Village you will find many souvenirs.
But it is even more interesting to go to the folk craft market Dilli Hat. Main Bazaar is the main bazaar in the city. IN Chandni Chowk a large selection of clothes, fabrics, silver. On the Kinari Bazaar you can buy wedding red saris, and see the whole range of Indian spices at Khari Baoli. Payment here is preferred in cash.
Prices are indicated in Indian rupees, but there are also price tags with a dollar equivalent. 1 $ = 51 rupees. Shops open from 10:00 to 17:00 - 19:00, and markets from 10:00 to 17:00. Most markets are closed on Monday.
Transport
Delhi has a well-developed transport network. There are three intercity bus stations, two airports, three railway stations. Urban transport includes the metro network, buses and local trains.
The best transport to get around Delhi is the metro. It works from 6 to 11 pm, with intervals from 3 to 12 minutes. Payment depends on the length of the trip. The minimum is $0.16, the maximum is $0.59. Passage on tokens or travel cards. It is important that the token is needed not only to enter the subway, but also to exit. For the loss of a token, the fine is $3.9.
For tourists there is Tourist Card(tourist pass). In addition, there are special carriages for women in the subway, where men cannot enter. It is better not to rent a car, because the roads in Delhi are very narrow, and there may be no markings on the roads, besides, rush hour there is almost around the clock. Not only cars, motorcycles and buses drive along the roads, but also carts pulled by oxen. Driving in India is on the left side. Like everywhere else, there are taxis in Delhi.
Connection
You can access the Internet in any Internet cafe or directly from hotel room if such service is provided. The mobile phone will work with international roaming. In some mountainous areas there is no mobile connection.
Security
Religiosity is very developed in India, so you need to be careful not to offend the religious feelings of the Hindus. Be especially careful when dealing with sadhus. You can not wear too open clothes, communicate very restrained and politely, regardless of the status of the interlocutor. Take off your shoes when visiting temples. All religious buildings must be bypassed only in a clockwise direction. Remember that not all temples are open to tourists.
Although the city has a low crime rate, safety is always worth remembering.
If you are going to the country for a long time, you should consider getting vaccinated against hepatitis A and typhoid. It should be remembered that there is no veterinary control of dairy and meat products in India. Don't drink tap water or pet stray animals. Eat only freshly prepared food.
Business climate
The business climate in the city is good. Delhi is an emerging city that is continuously attracting investors. Numerous international exhibitions, sales, conferences, shows are held there.
Real estate
In Delhi you will find accommodation for every taste. The price of real estate here depends on its location - the area and proximity to the center. Also, the cost determines the total area of the premises, the number of bedrooms, the presence of a bathroom. If you want to buy a property in Delhi, you will have to pay, in addition to the indicated price, another 3.5% land tax, 2% to the notary for legal registration and 3% to the brokerage firm.
The cost of an average apartment in New Delhi is about 2-3 million rupees (50-75 thousand dollars), and in the suburbs it is 10-15 thousand dollars cheaper. You can buy, rent an apartment or a house located closer to the city center. At the same time, the rental rate is approximately the same - 350-400 rupees / sq. m. m (10-11.5 $./sq. m). It happens that you have to pay extra for the class of housing: convenient layout, high-quality repairs, and so on.
Always keep a close eye on your belongings. Take care of your passport and money. We advise you to make copies of the first page of the passport, the page with the visa and a copy of the ticket in advance. It is worth exchanging currency only in banks, having with you a declaration on the import of currency, which allows you to reverse the exchange when you leave the country.
The capital of India is the city of Delhi. India is officially called the Republic of India. Located in the south of Asia. It borders with Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Maldives, Sri Lanka and Indonesia. The country ranks second in terms of population - 1.2 billion people
The city of Delhi is located in the north of the country, on the banks of the Jumna River. The population of the capital exceeds 16 million people. The climate is monsoonal with hot summers (average temperature +31 degrees) and warm winters, but with cool winds from the Himalayas. (average temperature + 14 degrees). The most comfortable temperature in Delhi is from February to April and from September to November, when the air temperature is kept within +20 ... + 30 degrees. The capital of India has rich history and formerly called Indraprastha
Delhi first became the capital in the 11th century, and the first settlements date back to 2000 BC. Monuments of the past are found in the city at every step. Delhi has over 60,000 attractions
The capital consists of several cities built in different years and is actually divided into Old city and new Delhi. The official capital of India is New Delhi. The native language of the inhabitants is Hindi
Three metro lines have been built in the city, which provide comfortable and inexpensive trips for citizens. All train stations, metro stations and attractions are connected by city bus routes
The buses are not equipped with air conditioning, so they get hot in summer. Bus routes are often marked in Hindi, which creates a number of problems for tourists. On the routes, along with state transport, commercial ones also run. In addition to taxis, there are many auto rickshaws in the city. Auto rickshaws - small cars or more often a three-wheeled scooter, hallmark their yellow-green coloration.
On the city streets of Delhi, as in other "million" cities of the world, traffic jams are frequent. In recent years, transport problems have been rapidly solved. A new railway station has recently been put into operation.
The city of Delhi is known as a center of international tourism. Many modern hotels have been built in the city. Along with luxury hotels, you can find cheap hotels, but which have all the amenities
Many monuments are on the UNESCO World Heritage List. One of the main attractions of the capital is the "Red Fort" (Red Fort), which was built under the Mughal Empire Shah Jahan
The tallest minaret in India is the Qutub Minar, which is called the wonder of the world. The height of the minaret is 72.5 meters. Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque is the first mosque built in India. Of interest is the iron column. The column, 7 meters high and weighing about 6 tons, is made of iron. But what is surprising is that for 1600 years the column has not corroded. This mystery has not been solved. There are hypotheses, according to one of them the column is made of meteoric iron.
The Lotus Temple is a building of the original form, built of white concrete and white marble. This temple, resembling a lotus flower, is one of the modern buildings in the capital. Inside the building, there are no idols, no religious images, and generally no symbols indicating religion. The history of this building dates back 450 years ago, when Shah Akbar, the greatest of the Mughal dynasty, dreamed of uniting all peoples under one faith in God. And he dreamed of this building, which did not look like a church, a mosque or a pagoda. Based on the dream of the Shah, this temple was built in 1986.
Delhi is one of the most economically developed cities in India. A few kilometers from Old Delhi is New Delhi with its business center Connaught Square. Banks, offices, restaurants and shops are located around the square. The city has a modern infrastructure. In recent years, the production of consumer goods, the automotive industry has been developing. The city has developed science in various fields.
DELHI, the capital of India, the administrative status is the National Capital District of Delhi. Area 1484 km 2 ; population 16,314.8 thousand people (2011, census; Muslims - 10%, Sikhs - 5%), including urban 11,007.8 thousand people; 2nd largest city in the country after Mumbai. Within the borders of D., to the south of Old Delhi (Shahjahana-bad), is New Delhi (New Delhi; area 42.7 km 2, population 295 thousand people, 2011)– the official capital of the country, the place of concentration of all the highest organs of state power.It is located in the north of India, in the central part of the Indo-Gangetic plain (the height of the central part of the city is 300 m), on the Jumna River (Ganges river basin), at the confluence of the Najafgarh canal; in the east it borders with the state of Uttar Pradesh, in the south, west and north - with the state of Haryana. Together with numerous suburbs [in the state of Uttar Pradesh - Ghaziabad in the east, Noida (Noida) and Greater Noida in the southeast; in the state of Haryana - Faridabad in the south, Gurgaon in the southwest, Bahadurgarh and Jajar in the west, Rohtak in the northwest, Sonipat in the north] forms an agglomeration with an area of 46.2 thousand km 2 and a population of approx. 21.8 million people (2011). One of the largest transportation hubs in India. The Delhi-Mumbai national highways originate here (expressway on the Delhi-Gurgaon section; part of the Atari-Delhi-Calcutta-Petrapol highway), Delhi-Calcutta (expressway on the Delhi-Noida-Agra section; both form the frame of the "Golden Quadrangle" of India), Delhi - Lucknow, Delhi - Fazilka (border with Pakistan), Delhi - Himalayas (border with China). Internal and external ring roads have been built. The largest bus system in the country passenger traffic(includes rapid transit bus system). 7 railroads converge in D. lines; within the city - railway. ring (used including for passenger traffic); there are several large railroads. stations. Suburban railway system messages. Indira Gandhi International Airport (former Palam, built during the 2nd World War; Passenger Transportation since 1962; modern name from 1986; in the southwestern part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi; 40.9 million passengers in 2015). Safdarjung Airport (1929; main until 1962; closed as a passenger airport in 2002; in the southern part of New Delhi; now used as a training and as a government Helipad). Metropolitan (2002; 6 lines, 146 stations in 2015).
It is believed that D. grew up on the site of a settlement founded in the first centuries of the new era on the ruins of an ancient Indian city. Indraprastha. This settlement was eventually called Dhillika, or Dilli (Delhi). From the 8th c. D. played an important role in the internecine struggle of the Rajput dynasties, primarily the Tomars and Chauhans. In 1206, after the conquest of Northern India by the Turkic-Afghan troops of Mohammed Guri, the capital Delhi Sultanate. In the 13th-18th centuries. a major trade and craft center of Northern India. In con. In the 14th century, after the invasion of Timur's troops into the sultanate, the capital was moved to Agra. However, the first Mughal ruler Babur returned D. to its original status. From 1526 D. - the capital Mughal Empire. Under Akbar and Jahangir, the capital of the empire was transferred from D. to Fatehpur Sikri and Agra, but Shah Jahan again proclaimed D. the capital. After the collapse of the Mughal state in the 2nd quarter. 18th century D. was subjected to raids by the Marathas and the invasion of the troops of Nadir Shah. In 1803 captured by the British; until 1858 it remained the residence of the Mughal emperors who had lost real power. In 1857–59 he was one of the centers Indian popular uprising. In 1911, the capital of British India was moved from Calcutta to Delhi (now Old Delhi), and New Delhi began to be built. After India won independence (1947), the importance of India as an administrative, political, economic, and cultural center steadily increased.
The city is famous for its preserved historical and architectural monuments. From the 12th century it became the center of the formation of the Indo-Muslim art of India with new types of portal-dome architecture. On the site of the Hindu fortress of the 10th century. the city of Lal-Kot was created (on the southern outskirts of modern D.), in which the monuments included in the list have been preservedworld heritage: a stainless iron column (beginning of the 5th century), the Kuvvat-ul-Islam mosque (built from the stones of Hindu temples of the 7th–11th centuries in 1193–98), the Qutb-Minar minaret (beginning of the 13th century), the Alai- Darvaza (1311, openwork carving); as well as heavy early mausoleums resembling fortresses (Iltutmysh mausoleum, after 1235). New residences of rulers were erected near Lal-Kot: Siri (built from 1303), Tughlaqabad (from 1321; the mausoleum of Ghiyas al-Din Tughlaq, 1325), Jahanpanakh (14th century), and others. i'm gender. 14th century; the buildings are built of rubble stone and are almost devoid of decoration (the ruins of the city of Firozabad, 1351–88; the tombs of the rulers from the Lodi dynasty, 1451–1526). AtMughalsin the architecture of palaces and places of worship built of red sandstone with marble inlays, colorfulness and decorativeness intensified (Kilai-Kuhna Mosque in the Purana-Kila palace and fortress ensemble, 1541; Humayun's mausoleum, 1562–76, included in the list world heritage). The heyday of Mughal architecture in Old Delhi falls on the 2nd quarter. - ser. 17th century: a huge palace and fortress ensemble of Lal-Kila (“Red Fort”, 1639-48; it includes the archaeological museum and the Indian War Memorial), including the palaces of Rang Mahal, Diwani-Am, Divani-Khas (1627-58 ), so-called. Pearl Mosque (1662); dominating in the panorama of Old Delhi is the 3-domed Cathedral Mosque (Jami Masjid) (1644–58). Old Delhi is still a traditional oriental city, full of narrow streets and shopping arcades. New Delhi with a multi-centric layout and wide streets was built in 1911-31 (under the direction of architects E. Lutyens and H. Baker: an ensemble of government buildings, the All-India War Memorial "Gateway of India", 1931; Lakshmi-Narayan Temple, 1933-39) and actively developed: Rej Ghat memorial park with cremation sites of M. K. Gandhi (1948), I. Gandhi (1984) and R. Gandhi (1991); buildings of the Embassy of Belgium (1983, architect S. Gujral), the National Institute of Immunology (1990, architect R. Reval); Baha'i Lotus Temple (1980–86, architect F. Sahba).
The largest scientific and educational center of the country. Indian National Academies: Sciences (originated in 1935 as the National Institute of Sciences of India; modern name since 1970), Music, Dance and Drama (AcademySangeet Natak; 1952), Arts (Academy"Lalit Kala"; 1954, officially opened in 1957) and literature (Academy"Sahitya"; 1954 . Indian Council for Social Research (1969), Indian Council for Historical Research (1972). National Physical Laboratory (1950), Center for the Study of Laser Technology (1950), Defense Research and Development Organization (1958; both under the Ministry of Defense of India), Center for Biochemical Technology (1966), Center for the Development of Telematics (1984), Indian Spinal Injury Center ( 1997); Institute of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis "Rajan Babu" (1935), All India institute medical sciences (1956), institute physiology and related sciences of the Ministry of Defense (1962; research in the field of military physiology and neurology), defense research and analysis (1965; research and training in the field of international relations, strategy and security), National institute Urban Planning (1976), National institute Immunology (1981), Institute of Liver and Bile Sciences (established in 2010 as a clinical hospital; implements educational programs); Central Forensic Laboratory (one of 4 in India), andamer research laboratoryIkan company IBM (1998; one of the 8 largest laboratories of the company in the world), etc.Among the institutions that simultaneously carry out research and educational activities are the National Islamic University (1920), D. (has a history of 3 colleges; 1922; one of the largest in the country; it has 84 colleges), Technological D. (1941 ), named after J. Nehru (1969); National Academies: Medical Sciences (1961), Engineering (1987), Agricultural (1990); Institutes: Agricultural Research (1905), Indian Technological (1961), Pharmaceutical Sciences and D. Research (1964), Indian Mass Communications (1965), National Fashion (1986). Academy of Music (2000); School of Music D. (1966; teaching Western classical music). Numerous colleges. D. Public Library (1951; St. 1.8 million items; with 35 branches). The National Archives of India (originated in 1891 in Calcutta; in D. since 1911).
National Museum (1949; over 200 thousand exhibits). National Museums: Crafts and Handlooms (1956), natural history(1978), railway (1977); the National (Memorial) Museum of M. K. Gandhi (founded in Mumbai in the late 1940s; in D. since 1951; officially opened in 1961; with a library); National Science Center (National Science Museum; 1992). National Gallery of Modern Art (1954; over 14 thousand exhibits). International Museums: Dolls (1965) and Toilets (1992). The Teen Murti Bhavan complex, which includes the J. Nehru Memorial Museum and Library (1964), the J. Nehru Memorial Foundation (1964), the Center for Contemporary Studies (2004) and the planetarium (1984). Other museums: Parliament (originally opened in 1989; reopened in a new building in 2002; modern interactive in 2006), "Sanskriti" (1990; consists of 3 museums: art "Everyday Art", tribal art "Terracotta" and textiles), multimedia "Eternal Gandhi" (2005; in the Gandhi Smriti building, the former "Birla House", where he spent his last days and was killed on January 30, 1948 by M.K. Gandhi), Indian Air Force (based on the Indian Air Force "Palam"). Ghalib Institute (1969; named after the Indian poet M. Ghalib; it includes the museum of the poet, a library, an art gallery and a concert hall " Ghalib auditorium"). Concert Hall "Kamani Auditorium" (1971; theatrical, dance and musical performances). Chamber theater "Akshara" (1972). Festivals are held annually in D.: the cultural Phool Walon Ki Sair (since 1812) and Diwali, the musical Qutub, the religious Durga Puja, Mahavir Jayanti, Maha Shivaratri, and Krishna Janmashtami, and dr. Zoo (1959). City parks: M. K. Gandhi (1961), Buddhas (1964), J. Nehru (1969), "Hills of Delhi" (1993; "green lungs" of the city), "Garden of Five Senses" (2003), etc.
D. - the organizer of numerous international sports competitions and events (1951 - 1st Asian Games; 1982 - 9th Asian Games; 1989 - Asian Championship in Athletics; 2010 - Commonwealth Games; 2010 - World Championship in field hockey among men ; 2011 - one of the sites of the Cricket World Cup). Half Marathon (2005; annually). Nehru Cup (1982; football; not held 1998–2006) Stadiums: "Feroz Shah Kotla" (1883, one of the oldest operating in the country for cricket; 40.7 thousand seats; base of the D. cricket team), National "Dhyan Chand" (1951; reconstruction 2010; 16.5 thousand seats; bandy), "Karnail Singh" (1954; athletics, football, field hockey, boxing, badminton; owner - the state company "Indian Railways"), named after J. Nehru (1982; reconstruction 2010; 60 thousand seats; base of the Indian national football team), Ambedkar (2007; 20 thousand seats; football), named after I. Gandhi (1982; 14.3 thousand seats; the largest indoor stadium in India). Sport complexes: "Siri Fort" (1982; basketball, swimming, shooting, tennis, aerobics, etc.), "Yamuna" (1999; tennis, rugby, boxing, etc.), "Thyagaraj" (2010; netball, kabbadi, etc. ). Swimming complex named after S. P. Mukherjee (1982; reconstruction 2010). Tennis courts R. K. Khanna "(1982; reconstruction 2009; 5 thousand seats; they hosted the Indian Open women's tournament"). Shooting range "Dr. Karni" (1982). International Buddha Circuit (in Greater Noida; it hosted the Formula I Indian Grand Prix; 1st race in 2011).
GRP of the National Capital Territory of Delhi approx. 4.51 billion ind. rupees (2014/15; 9th in the country among states and union territories of India). Here originate the "growth corridors" of Delhi - Mumbai and Delhi - Calcutta, connecting the city with the two most important economic centers of the country. In the structure of the economy, the services sector plays a leading role - 82% of GRP (2010/11), the share of industry is 17%, agriculture 1%. The main service sectors are administrative, financial (including real estate), transport and logistics, business, telecommunications and information services, social security, culture, research, education, healthcare, tourism and military installations. 0.6 million people are employed in the public service. (2010/11). India is the center of India's political life; all the supreme organs of power, the headquarters of the leading political parties (the Indian National Congress, the Bharatiya Janata, and others), and the diplomatic missions of states are located here. D. is the second corporate governance center in India after Mumbai. The Delhi Stock Exchange (DSE; 1947; securities are quoted about 3,000 companies), the Indian Energy Exchange (IEX; 2008), the headquarters of a number of largest state-owned companies ["Indian Oil Corporation" (oil industry), "ONGC Videsh "(in the structure of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation"; oil and gas industry), "Gas Authority of India" (realization and transportation of natural gas), "National Thermal Power Corporation" (thermal power), "Steel Authority of India ”, “Jindal Stainless” (both ferrous metallurgy), “Bharat Aluminum Company” (aluminum industry), “Bharat Heavy Electricals” (heavy and power engineering), “Indian Drugs & Pharmaceuticals” (pharmaceutical industry), “Indian Railways” (railway transport) and its regional branch - the Northern Railway, " Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India" (carriage of goods on special railway cargo corridors), "Air India Regional" (domestic air transportation), "Pravan Hans" (helicopter transportation), "Airport Authority of India" (airport development), " Bharat Sanchar Nigam", "Mahanagar Telephone Nigam" and "Bharti Airtel" (all three are telecommunication services), "National Small Industries Corporation(Support for Small Business Development), etc.], a private diversified conglomerate Delhi Land & Finance (DLF), a private cooperative company Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative (production of mineral fertilizers), some private companies [Bhushan Steel ( ferrous metallurgy), "Hindustan Aluminum Corporation"(aluminum industry), "Suzuki Motorcycle India" (a division of the Japanese "Suzuki Motor Corporation"), "Hero MotoCorp" (both - the production of motorcycles and scooters), "Avtec" (car engines and other auto components), "Computer Maintenance Corporation ” (IT technologies), etc.], the State Bank for the Development of Small Enterprises and the Refinancing Agency (MUDRA Bank), the state commercial banks National Housing Bank (serves the housing sector) and Punjab National Bank (various financial services), the state financial company “Tourism Finance Corporation of India” (supports the development of tourism), publishing houses “Rajkamal Prakashan”, “Motilal Banarsidass”, “Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers” and “Allied Publishers”, representative offices of leading foreign companies and monetary institutions.
There are production divisions of IT companies: American "MetaOption", Indian "MindExtend Technologies", "Netsity Systems", "NextGen IT Solutions", "One Earth Infotech", etc. The tourism business is developing rapidly; in 2008 D. visited approx. 2.4 million foreign tourists(15% more than in 2007 and 2.8 times more than in 2004). The city hosts the annual World Book Fair (since 1972; one of the largest in the world), international festivals: photography (since 2011), cars (the largest in Asia; both - once every two years), mango, etc. Exhibition and congress centers: "Vigyan Bhavan" (1956), "Pragati Maidan" (1972; opened on the 25th anniversary of India's independence) and "India Habitat" (1993). On the territory of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, there are several medical centers and hospitals of national importance (including at medical research and educational institutions), as well as large military facilities (including the Indian Air Force Western Command).
The suburbs of D. Gurgaon, Noida, Greater Noida, Faridabad and Ghaziabad host the headquarters of a number of companies manufacturing automobiles, motorcycles and scooters, tractors, electronics, pharmaceuticals, IT technology development, etc., as well as the Indian Inland Water Authority. ways (in Noida).
In the National Capital District of Delhi, there are 29 industrial zones (2010), of which 12 are in the northern part, 7 in the south, 6 in the west, 4 in the east. Leading industries: mechanical engineering and metalworking, chemical, light and food flavoring. Production of electrical equipment, electronic equipment and components, products made of polymer materials, household chemicals and personal hygiene products, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, clothing, footwear, food, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, etc. Handicraft production of carpets, furniture, dishes, textile, leather, pottery, wickerwork, chased, jewelry and other products.
Large industrial centers are the suburbs of D. Gurgaon (production of cars and trucks, motorcycles and scooters, auto components, tractors, medical and electronic equipment, pharmaceuticals, etc.), Noida and Greater Noida ( cars, auto components, electronic equipment, oil and gas equipment, etc.), Ghaziabad (auto components, etc.) and Faridabad (motorcycles, tractors, etc.). Industrial enterprises in Gurgaon and Noida operate within the framework of the special economic zones of the same name. The industrial zones of Noida and Gurgaon are among the largest in the country.
The power supply of the National Capital District of Delhi and its suburbs is provided by three gas (capacity, respectively, 1500 MW, 330 MW and 270 MW) and two coal (705 MW and 135 MW) thermal power plants.
The Indian capital is one of the most ancient cities in the world. According to a popular theory developed by Indian scholars, the history of Delhi includes the history of about 8 different cities that existed here at different times.
The oldest references to Delhi refer to the legendary events described in the famous epic Mahabharata. It was here, on the banks of the Yamuna River, that Indraprastha- the fortress of five brothers from the royal family of the Pandavas.
The first historical mention of Delhi dates back to the 1st-2nd centuries. AD, when the Rajput prince Dehlu (from the anglicized version of whose name the modern name Delhi comes from) founded a settlement here, on the territory of which the Lalkot Fort was later built to protect against Muslim raids. Under the legendary prince Prithviraja (Rai Pithor) the fort Lalcot grew to the size of a full-fledged city.
Delhi Sultanate
At the end of the twelfth century, the territory of North India was invaded by Muslim conquerors from the territory of modern Afghanistan. In 1192, Sultan Mohamed Gori defeated the troops of the last Hindu ruler of Lalkot and captured the city. His successor Qutb al-Din Aibak founded the Delhi Sultanate in 1206, which became the major power in the North Indian Plain for the next three centuries of Indian history. The city became the capital of the Delhi Sultanate Mehrauli, which was located in the southwestern part of modern Delhi.
The power of the Delhi sultans gradually declined by the end of the 14th century. First, a vast region in the Western Deccan broke away from the Delhi Sultanate, whose rulers formed a new Bahmanid Sultanate. Then the great Mongol conqueror Tamerlane completely ravaged Delhi during the campaign of 1398-99.
Delhi - the capital of the Mughals
The Delhi Sultanate finally fell under the blows of a new wave of Muslim conquerors from the northwest, armed with new tactics and actively using firearms in battle. In 1526, one of the descendants of Tamerlane, Khan Babur, completely defeated the troops of Sultan Ibrahim Lodi and took Delhi.
Babur made the captured city one of the main centers of the state he created - the Mughal Empire. From here he continued his conquests, expanding his new empire from Western Afghanistan to the banks of the Ganges towards the end of his reign.
Babur's son Hamayun moved the Mughal capital from Agra to Delhi. However, the emperor failed to keep the new royal residence, and in 1536 the rebellious Afghan ruler of Bihar, Shershah, captured Delhi and a significant part of the lands belonging to the Mughals. The new ruler ordered to destroy the buildings of his predecessor and start the history of Delhi from a new leaf, laying the city in their place. Shergarh(the remains of this city are known today as the Old Fort - Purana Qila).
Hamayun still managed to regain Delhi after 25 years of foreign rule. Today, the capital of India is decorated with his majestic tomb, which is considered one of the main attractions of Delhi. But his son Akbar, under whom the Mughal empire reached the zenith of its power, moved the capital to the new city of Fatehpur Sikri, the ruins of which still adorn the surroundings of Agra.
Delhi was able to get the capital status again under the great builder of the Taj Mahal, Shah Jahan. The Great Mogul founded his new residence in the vicinity of Delhi - the city Shahjahanabad which was built 10 years later. Shahjahanabad (now called Old Delhi) included Delhi's world-famous landmarks such as the Red Fort and the Jama Masjid.
Delhi under British rule
The second half of the 18th century was a tragic era in the history of Delhi and the entire Mughal Empire. In 1739, Delhi was devastated by the troops of the Persian ruler Nadir Shah.
At this time, the rulers of the growing Maratha Confederation joined the struggle for possession of the main city of India. During a series of battles, Delhi changed hands several times, until in 1771 the Marathas managed to finally liberate Delhi and put Emperor Shah Alam II under their control on the throne.
However, in 1803, during the 2nd Anglo-Maratha War, the British East India Company defeated the Maratha Confederation and took control of the ruling Delhi Mughals. After the suppression of the sepoy uprising (1857-1859), having finally established their power in India, the British briefly moved the capital to Calcutta. In 1911, King George V returned the title of capital of British India to Delhi.
The new masters of Delhi decided to modernize the capital of their main colony according to the British model. To this end, a new part was added to the Old Delhi, called New Delhi without any unnecessary fuss. It housed the main government and administrative buildings of the colonial administration. The main designer of New Delhi was the British architect Edwin Lutyens, after whom the whole district of the new capital of British India was named.
Modern history of Delhi
After the independence of India in 1949, Delhi was officially proclaimed the capital and seat of the government of the country.
Today, Delhi is a modern metropolis with a population of more than 14 million people, which is recognized as one of the most dynamically developing capitals in the world.
