Gunboats "Korean", "Sivuch", "Beaver", "Ghilyak", "Khivan", "Brave", "Usyskin", their drawings and models. Brave (gunboat)

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"Brave" "Red Banner" from December 31, 1922 "PKZ-152" from April 6, 1959

Gunboat "Brave" in 1895
Service:	Russia, Russia USSR USSR
Vessel class and type	Gunboat
Organization	St. Petersburg
Manufacturer	New Admiralty
Construction started	December 15, 1894
Launched into the water	November 9, 1895
Commissioned	1897
Status	Dismantled
Main characteristics
Displacement	1862 t
Length	72.31 m
Width	13.01 m
Draft	4.08 m
Booking	Board - 76 ... 127 mm, deck - 12.7 ... 25 mm, cabin and gun shields - 25 mm
Engines	Two vertical triple expansion steam engines, 8 Nikloss boilers
Power	2097 l. from.
mover	2
travel speed	14.5 knots
cruising range	720 nautical miles at 10 knots
Crew	11 officers and 177 sailors
Armament
Artillery	2 × 203mm/45, 1 × 152mm/45, 5 × 47 mm, 7 × 37 mm, 1 TA 456 mm From 1915: replacement of 203 mm and 152 mm guns with 3 × 105 mm/45 From 1916: 5 × 130mm/45, 2 × 47 mm, 1 × 40 mm, 2 machine guns

The gunboat took part in the Defense of the Gulf of Riga. After the Germans left the Gulf, "Brave" as part of the detachment provided support to the ground forces, with the participation of a gunboat, a tactical landing was also landed in the area of the Domesnes lighthouse. In the final order for 1915, the commander of the Baltic Fleet also noted the role of the gunboat "Brave" in the defense of the Irben Strait and assisting the flank of troops in the Riga direction.

To facilitate towing, the destroyer "Konstantin" covered the gunboat "Brave" and the damaged "Thunder" with a smoke screen. During the withdrawal of Russian ships from the position, the destroyer "Pobeditel" passed by the gunboat and shook it with a wave, as a result of which the tugboats burst. Panic-stricken, the crew of the destroyer Grom partially defected to the gunboat, where they were sent to the lower rooms to prevent the spread of panic. The boat, turning sideways, achieved coverage of the German destroyer, which retreated behind the line of German ships. It became clear that it was impossible to save the Thunder, so the crew was taken from the destroyer. Having retreated some distance, the "Brave" opened fire on the "Thunder", pointing under the waterline, while the destroyer "B-98", which was trying to tow the captured Russian ship, was damaged. "Thunder" soon sank. During the battle, the gunboat received several hits, 6 people were wounded.

The next day, "Brave" with "Khivinets" again fired on German destroyers at the entrance to the Maly Zund, after which the gunboats left the bay along with the fleet.

commanders

1896 ____M.. Bronitsky
189..______B. I. Baer
02-08.1899.Yu. K. Volchasky
1899-1901. S. P. Shein
1902-1904. B. N. Martynov
__?___________ Petrov-3rd
1911-1912. V. A. Lyubinsky
1915-??____B. A. Shcherbachev
1917-?_____K. E. Rennenkampf
192?__________Yuriev
192?__________ Chirokov
1930-1930 E. E. Gorbunov
194?__________Arseniev

1941-1942 Alexander Leontievich Ustinov

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Notes

Literature

M. K. Bakhirev Report on the actions of the Naval Forces of the Gulf of Riga on September 29 - October 7, 1917
Kozlov D.Yu. Battle for the Gulf of Riga. Summer 1915. - Zeikhgauz, 2007. - ISBN 978-5-9771-0055-7.
Khromov V.V.(Russian) // Marine collection: journal. - Moscow: Model designer, 2005. - No. 11 (80). - S. 32.

Links



Type "Experience"

Type "Walrus"

Type "Rain"

Type "Beaver"

Type "Korean"

Type "Threatening"

Type "Gilyak"

Type "Khivinets"

Type "Gilyak II"

Type "Kars"

Type "Elpidifor"

Type "Pioneer"

Type "Angara"

An excerpt characterizing the Brave (gunboat)

The traveler was Osip Alekseevich Bazdeev, as Pierre learned from the caretaker's book. Bazdeev was one of the most famous Freemasons and Martinists of Novik's time. Long after his departure, Pierre, without going to bed and without asking the horses, walked around the station room, pondering his vicious past and imagining his blissful, impeccable and virtuous future, which seemed so easy to him. He was, as it seemed to him, vicious only because he somehow accidentally forgot how good it is to be virtuous. Not a trace of the old doubts remained in his soul. He firmly believed in the possibility of a brotherhood of people united for the purpose of supporting each other on the path of virtue, and this was how Freemasonry seemed to him.

Arriving in St. Petersburg, Pierre did not inform anyone of his arrival, did not go anywhere, and began to spend whole days reading Thomas of Kempis, a book that was delivered to him by no one knows who. Pierre understood one and all the same when reading this book; he understood the pleasure, unknown to him, to believe in the possibility of achieving perfection and in the possibility of brotherly and active love between people, opened to him by Osip Alekseevich. A week after his arrival, the young Polish Count of Villarsky, whom Pierre knew superficially from St. Petersburg society, entered his room in the evening with that official and solemn air with which Dolokhov's second entered him and, having closed the door behind him and making sure that there was no one in the room there was no one except Pierre, turned to him:
“I have come to you with a commission and a proposal, Count,” he told him without sitting down. “A person very highly placed in our fraternity has petitioned for you to be accepted into the fraternity ahead of time, and has offered me to be your guarantor. I regard the fulfillment of the will of this person as a sacred duty. Do you wish to join the brotherhood of free stonemasons on my guarantee?
The cold and strict tone of the man whom Pierre almost always saw at balls with an amiable smile, in the company of the most brilliant women, struck Pierre.
“Yes, I wish,” said Pierre.
Villarsky inclined his head. - One more question, count, he said, to which I ask you, not as a future freemason, but as an honest person (galant homme), to answer me with all sincerity: have you renounced your former convictions, do you believe in God?
Pierre considered. “Yes… yes, I believe in God,” he said.
“In that case…” Villarsky began, but Pierre interrupted him. “Yes, I believe in God,” he said again.
“In that case, we can go,” said Willarsky. “My carriage is at your service.
All the way Villarsky was silent. To Pierre's questions about what he should do and how to answer, Villarsky only said that the brothers, more worthy of him, would test him, and that Pierre needed nothing more than to tell the truth.
Having entered the gate of a large house, where there was a lodge, and passing along a dark staircase, they entered a lighted, small hallway, where, without the help of servants, they took off their fur coats. From the hallway they went into another room. A man in strange attire appeared at the door. Villarsky, coming out to meet him, said something quietly to him in French and went up to a small closet, in which Pierre noticed robes he had never seen before. Taking a handkerchief from the closet, Villarsky put it over Pierre's eyes and tied it in a knot at the back, painfully trapping his hair in a knot. Then he bent him to him, kissed him, and, taking him by the hand, led him somewhere. Pierre was in pain from the knotted hair, he grimaced in pain and smiled in shame at something. His huge figure, with lowered hands, with a shriveled and smiling face, followed Willarsky with unsteady, timid steps.
After leading him ten paces, Villarsky stopped.
“Whatever happens to you,” he said, “you must endure everything with courage if you are determined to join our brotherhood. (Pierre answered in the affirmative by inclining his head.) When you hear a knock at the door, you will untie your eyes, added Villarsky; I wish you courage and success. And, shaking hands with Pierre, Villarsky went out.
Left alone, Pierre continued to smile the same way. Once or twice he shrugged his shoulders, put his hand up to the handkerchief, as if wishing to take it off, and lowered it again. The five minutes he spent with his eyes tied seemed like an hour to him. His hands were swollen, his legs gave way; he seemed to be tired. He experienced the most complex and varied feelings. He was both afraid of what would happen to him, and even more afraid of how he would not show fear. He was curious to know what would become of him, what would be revealed to him; but most of all he was glad that the moment had come when he would finally embark on that path of renewal and an actively virtuous life, which he had been dreaming of since his meeting with Osip Alekseevich. Strong knocks were heard at the door. Pierre took off his bandage and looked around him. The room was black and dark: only in one place a lamp was burning, in something white. Pierre came closer and saw that the lamp stood on a black table, on which lay one open book. The book was the gospel; that white, in which the lamp burned, was a human skull with its holes and teeth. After reading the first words of the Gospel: “In the beginning there was no word and the word went to God,” Pierre went around the table and saw a large open box filled with something. It was a coffin with bones. He was not at all surprised by what he saw. Hoping to enter into a completely new life completely different from the former, he expected everything extraordinary, even more extraordinary than what he saw. The skull, the coffin, the Gospel - it seemed to him that he expected all this, expected even more. Trying to arouse in himself a feeling of tenderness, he looked around him. “God, death, love, the brotherhood of man,” he said to himself, associating with these words vague but joyful ideas of something. The door opened and someone entered.
In the weak light, which, however, Pierre had already managed to get a closer look at, a short man entered. Apparently from the light entering the darkness, this man stopped; then, with cautious steps, he moved to the table and placed on it his small, leather-gloved hands.
This short man was dressed in a white leather apron that covered his chest and part of his legs, he was wearing something like a necklace around his neck, and from behind the necklace protruded a high, white frill, framing his oblong face, illuminated from below.
- Why did you come here? - asked the newcomer, according to the rustle made by Pierre, turning in his direction. – Why do you, who do not believe in the truths of the light and do not see the light, why did you come here, what do you want from us? Wisdom, virtue, enlightenment?
At the moment the door opened and an unknown person entered, Pierre experienced a feeling of fear and reverence, similar to the one he experienced in confession as a child: he felt face to face with a completely alien in terms of living conditions and with a loved one, in the brotherhood of people, man. Pierre, with a breath-taking beating of his heart, moved towards the rhetor (that was the name in Freemasonry of a brother who prepares a seeker to join the brotherhood). Pierre, coming closer, recognized in the rhetorician a familiar person, Smolyaninov, but it was insulting to him to think that the person who entered was a familiar person: the one who entered was only a brother and a virtuous mentor. Pierre could not utter a word for a long time, so the rhetor had to repeat his question.
“Yes, I ... I ... want updates,” Pierre said with difficulty.
“Good,” said Smolyaninov, and immediately continued: “Do you have any idea about the means by which our holy order will help you achieve your goal? ...” the rhetorician said calmly and quickly.
“I ... I hope ... guidance ... help ... in renewal,” said Pierre with a trembling voice and difficulty in speech, which comes from excitement and from being unaccustomed to speaking Russian about abstract subjects.
– What concept do you have about Freemasonry?
– I mean that Frank Freemasonry is fraterienité [brotherhood]; and the equality of people with virtuous goals, ”said Pierre, ashamed, as he spoke, of the inconsistency of his words with the solemnity of the moment. I mean…
“Very well,” said the rhetorician hastily, apparently quite satisfied with this answer. Have you looked for means to achieve your goal in religion?
“No, I considered it unfair, and did not follow it,” Pierre said so quietly that the rhetorician did not hear him and asked what he was saying. “I was an atheist,” answered Pierre.
- You are looking for truth in order to follow its laws in life; therefore, you seek wisdom and virtue, do you not? said the speaker after a moment's silence.
“Yes, yes,” Pierre confirmed.
The rhetor cleared his throat, folded his gloved hands on his chest and began to speak:
- Now I must reveal to you the main goal of our order, - he said, - and if this goal coincides with yours, then you will profitably join our brotherhood. The first main goal and the foundation of our order, on which it is established, and which no human power can overthrow, is the preservation and transmission to posterity of some important sacrament ... from the most ancient centuries and even from the first person who has come down to us, from whom the sacraments can may depend on the fate of the human race. But since this mystery is of such a nature that no one can know it and use it, unless one prepares for a long-term and diligent purification of oneself, not everyone can hope to acquire it soon. Therefore, we have a second goal, which is to prepare our members, as far as possible, to correct their hearts, purify and enlighten their minds by those means that are revealed to us by tradition from men who have labored in the search for this mystery, and thereby make them capable of perception of it. Purifying and correcting our members, we try in the third place to correct the entire human race, offering it an example of piety and virtue in our members, and thereby we try with all our might to oppose the evil that reigns in the world. Think about it, and I will come to you again,” he said and left the room.
“To resist the evil that reigns in the world ...” Pierre repeated, and he imagined his future activities in this field. He imagined the same people as he himself had been two weeks ago, and he mentally addressed them in an instructive, mentoring speech. He imagined vicious and unfortunate people whom he helped in word and deed; imagined the oppressors from whom he saved their victims. Of the three goals named by the rhetor, this last one, the correction of the human race, was especially close to Pierre. Some important sacrament mentioned by the rhetorician, although it aroused his curiosity, did not seem to him essential; and the second goal, the purification and correction of himself, interested him little, because at that moment he felt with pleasure that he was already completely corrected from his former vices and ready for only one good thing.
Half an hour later, the rhetorician returned to convey to the seeker those seven virtues, corresponding to the seven steps of Solomon's temple, which every Mason had to cultivate in himself. These virtues were: 1) modesty, observance of the secrets of the order, 2) obedience to the highest ranks of the order, 3) good nature, 4) love of humanity, 5) courage, 6) generosity and 7) love of death.
“Seventhly, try,” said the rhetorician, “by frequent thinking about death, bring yourself to such a point that it does not seem to you a more terrible enemy, but a friend ... who frees the soul, languishing in the labors of virtue, from this miserable life in the labors of virtue, to introduce it into the place of reward and calm.
“Yes, it must be so,” thought Pierre, when, after these words, the rhetorician again left him, leaving him to solitary reflection. “It must be so, but I am still so weak that I love my life, the meaning of which is only now being revealed to me little by little.” But the remaining five virtues, which Pierre remembered fingering on his fingers, he felt in his soul: courage, and generosity, and kindness, and love for humanity, and especially obedience, which did not even seem to him a virtue, but happiness. (He was so happy now to get rid of his arbitrariness and subordinate his will to that and those who knew the undoubted truth.) Pierre forgot the seventh virtue and could not remember it.

In the early 1990s, the Russian Imperial Navy had two types of gunboats - seaworthy for ocean voyages and armored for the defense of the Baltic. However, the former could not support their squadrons due to the lack of an armor belt, while the latter due to the fact that they were able to fire with their main caliber only in the forward sector. In this regard, the Naval Minister, Vice-Admiral N. M. Chikhachev, ordered the Naval Technical Committee to develop a project for a gunboat.

Three years later, the shipbuilders were already ready to present a project for a seaworthy gunboat of the Grozashchiy type, which was considered at a committee meeting with the participation of representatives of all departments of the organization and invited sailors, in particular Rear Admiral S. O. Makarov.

The drawings and specifications were developed taking into account the instructions of Vice Admiral Chikhachev, however, at the suggestion of Makarov, some first changes were made. With the approval of the gunboat project by the highest authorities, it was decided to build a warship using the forces of the St. Petersburg port. The launch of the gunboat was planned for the second half of 1895.

In the second half of January 1895, a list was placed on the table of Emperor Nicholas II to select names for the new vessel. According to tradition, this was the prerogative of the king. Of the five proposed options - "Brave", "Brave", "Terrible", "Thunder-bearer" and "Bogatyr" - the emperor chose "Brave", and crossed out the rest. In February, the gunboat was assigned to the second rank and ranked as the second naval crew.

On Friday, November 10, 1895, the end of navigation was marked by celebrations on the Neva, the squadron battleships Oslyabya and Peresvet were to be laid down and the seaworthy gunboat Brave was to be launched. At 11 o'clock the emperor arrived in the form of a captain of the 1st rank. He boarded the gunboat, where a guard of honor and a team of officers were lined up. The commander gave a report. Nicholas II walked around the line, greeted the crew, and, descending into the pavilion at the end of the boathouse, gave the command to descend. At 11.25 a.m. the ship set off, shouts of "Hurrah" were heard, the audience on the embankments took off their hats, and the orchestras sang the anthem. As the threshold passed on the gunboat "Brave", the stern St. Andrew's flag, the admiralty, the imperial standard, the flag of the admiral general and the guis were successively raised. The ships lined up on the Neva fired the imperial salute. Dropping anchor, the gunboat turned smoothly against the current.

description of the construction of a gunboat

The hull of the gunboat was assembled using a bracket system from steel sheets and various profiles. The backbone of the ship - a vertical keel in the middle part - was assembled on butt planks of five sheets of 7345 mm in length. Seven more bands were installed at the extremities. From the 3rd to the 63rd frame, the height did not change, then up to the 73rd frame it gradually increased to reinforce the stern. A horizontal keel was riveted from below, consisting of two sheets 11.1 mm thick - the upper one and 12.7 mm - the lower one. All corner joints were made using corners of the design section. In the bow, the keel passed into a cast ram stem, which reached only to the living deck. At the stern, it ended in a cast stern with hinges for a steel steering frame. Frames with a spacing of about 915 mm were installed across the hull. At the level of the upper and living decks, the frames were closed with box-shaped steel beams. To ensure longitudinal strength, stringers made of steel sheets with a thickness of 4.8 to 6.3 mm were installed along the keel. On the midship frame there were four of them on each side, counting the lower armored shelf. At the extremities, their number decreased, they were divided into permeable, with cutouts for lightening, and impermeable - to form compartments of the second bottom, which was divided into separate sections. For access to the compartments, necks with sealed lids were provided. Between themselves, the sheets were connected by overhead strips. The outer skin consisted of belts of steel sheets riveted to the corners of the frames and stringers, while the adjacent layers alternated with lagging ones, with linings of the same thickness. The first steel belt running from the horizontal keel was made in the midship region, in the limbs its thickness decreased. Further up to the armor belt, the skin - the shirt under the armor - defended by the thickness of the slab and the wooden lining and was 15.8 mm thick. The boards of the living deck littered inside had a sheathing of 9.5 and 11.1 mm. In the bow of the battering ram and anchor hawse, the skin thickness was doubled. The forecastle was made according to the same technology as the frames from the corner were covered with box-shaped steel beams covered with flooring. Under the conning tower, reinforcements were provided, repeating in terms of the cabin itself with cutouts, where there were vertical cable views. Along the edges of the forecastle there was a stringer 915 mm wide and 6.3 mm thick. A steel deck was laid along the beams of the residential and upper decks, covered with linoleum over the armor; on the upper deck- a tree. Under the guns, the lining was made of thick teak and was brought to the horizon, the decks themselves had an rim. To ensure unsinkability, the hull was divided into compartments by impenetrable bulkheads made of steel sheet 6.35 mm thick.

Under the armored deck, along the boiler and engine rooms, there were 12 coal pits. They were interconnected by necks. Coal was loaded from the upper deck through stationary pipes directly into the pits, six of which went into the boiler room, and fuel had to be poured from the rest. Cellars, pits, pantries and rooms were separated from the side by a corridor of variable width. The armor belt, extending from the 12th frame to the stern, consisted of 12 plates on each side. The conning tower and main battery guns were protected by the same armor.

gunboat artillery

The gunboat "Brave" received two 203 mm guns, one of the first in the fleet, along with the armored cruiser "Russia". The recoil device consisted of a hydraulic compressor with a movable cylinder. The gun was equipped with a piston breech of the Rosenberg system, separate guidance mechanisms, tangent sights and swiveling flies. The gunners were located on platforms mounted on a swivel frame. At the stern of the Brave, a 152 mm gun was installed on the central pin.

To protect against attacks by mine ships, the gunboat was armed with five 47 mm and six 37 mm single-barreled guns. The guns were placed on the forecastle, aft bridge and upper deck. The 47 mm gun had a barrel fastened with a casing, a vertical wedge gate, a simple sight and a shoulder rest. The body of the gun moved on skids between two cylinders of recoil devices, consisting of a hydraulic compressor and a spring knurler.

At that time, in all the fleets of the world, great importance was attached to amphibious assault forces, for which the ships were equipped with special guns. In the Russian fleet, they were represented by specialized 63.5 mm guns of the Baranovsky system, which had a piston shutter, unitary loading, a hydraulic compressor and a spring knurler, screw guidance mechanisms and a mechanical trailer. On the shore, these guns were mounted on a light-weight wheeled machine. On ships of the second rank, which included the gunboat "Brave", the state was supposed to have one gun.

gunboat mine armament

The gunboat "Brave" was equipped with a bow apparatus for firing mines, which was made of rolled special bronze and consisted of pipes connected by flanges. Loading through the rear cover with a French shutter and a steel chamber, the mine was inserted using a guide device, moving with a T-shaped track.

gunboat power plant

The engine and boiler compartments of the gunboat "Brave" were located under the armor. Two triple-expansion steam machines with vertically inverted cylinders and eight patented Nikloss boilers developed 2200 hp. C. at 165 rpm. Gross weight installation was 234.6 tons. The propellers of the gunboat of the Afanasiev system were made of cannon metal with a diameter of 2.9 m and a pitch of 3.58 m in forward gear, rotated away from the hull. Their polished blades could be rearranged to change the pitch.

gunboat maritime service

The naval service of the gunboat began from a diplomatic mission to the Mediterranean, where the ship went to fulfill the order of the emperor himself. The commander was given the task of witnessing the respect of the Russian autocrat to the Spanish crown. El Ferrol in western Spain was chosen as the meeting place, where it was supposed to intercept the monarch, and at the same time conduct extended tests of the gunboat Brave in ocean navigation. The distance from Toulon to the port of destination, with two stops in Barcelona and Cadiz, was covered by the warship in 111 days, at an average speed of 10.3 knots.

In the Greek port, the gunboat "Brave" became part of the detachment of Rear Admiral A. A. Birilev. Russia, along with other powers, kept their ships in the Mediterranean to maintain peace on the island of Crete, where the Greek uprising had recently taken place. In addition, the detachment was a reserve for naval forces. Far East. The gunboat sailed through the ports for several years mediterranean sea both as part of a team and alone. The gunboat spent most of its time in Greek waters, the lower ranks that had served their time were written off to ships going to Russia. With the outbreak of war in the Far East, all units from this region were returned to Russia. The gunboat remained with the numbered destroyers at the disposal of the Russian ambassador in Greece.

During the hostilities, the gunboat "Brave" met and escorted the detachments following through the Court, as well as individual transports, and finally, the last reinforcements of the 2nd squadron of the fleet Pacific Ocean. The crew of the ship provided all possible assistance to those going to war, supplying them with information. On holidays, the gunboat crew visited the ship's churches. Having met the miserable remnants of the once numerous squadrons returning from the Far East, the gunboat, having finished its service in the Mediterranean, left it forever and headed for Russia. On August 8, 1906, the gunboat arrived in Kronstadt. The seven-year epic ended with the highest review at the Peterhof roadstead. In the training detachments in the Baltic, during the reorganization of the fleet, the “Brave” gunboat was assigned to the third detachment of mine ships, which included the mine cruisers Abrek, Lieutenant Ilyin, Posadnik and 20 destroyers, all of them belonged to the 5th naval crew .

With the introduction of a new classification of ships of the Russian fleet, all gunboats were brought into one class - IX. All subsequent campaigns, until the First World War, the gunboat "Brave" was part of the Naval Corps detachment, which for the summer included various cruisers, training ships and numbered destroyers. The boat made voyages in the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea. In 1912, in Reval, the entire detachment participated, together with the Baltic Fleet, in celebrations with the participation of the emperor on the occasion of the laying of the port of Emperor Peter the Great. In addition to pupils of the corps, on a gunboat maritime practice passed by apprentices-specialists and cabin boys.

The gunboat "Brave" met the First World War in Fiskom Bay, where it was located to guard an unequipped bay. In the winter of 1915, the naval department decided to strengthen the Abo-Oland skerries, where new mobile bases were created. A special detachment was formed for operations, which included the gunboats "Brave" and "Groachiy", the mine layer "Ilmen", the submarine "Beluga" and two support vehicles. In the same year, the “Brave” gunboat was re-equipped with 105 mm guns taken from the German cruiser “Magdeburg”, which crashed on the rocks of about. Odensholm back in August 1914. One cannon was installed on the forecastle, two - in place of the removed 8-inch guns, one instead of the 6-inch one, and sponsons were arranged for two more in the stern. A side salvo could now be fired from four guns. The cannons removed from the boat went to coastal batteries, which were built in large numbers in the skerries and fortresses of Peter the Great. In the second half of July 1915, German troops reached the coast of the Gulf of Riga. In this regard, the naval command transferred the battleship Slava to this area, which included four gunboats, including the Brave, destroyer divisions led by the "" and submarines, among them the English type "C". At the end of July, the enemy, having concentrated large forces, began to force the Irben Strait, which was blocked by Russian mines. The gunboats "Brave" and "Thundering" approached from the side of Moonsund opened fire on German minesweepers. The enemy ships, pushing the Russian naval forces to Moonsund, entered the bay. Having sunk the Sivuch gunboat in a fleeting night battle, they went back to their bases without achieving the main thing - the destruction of the Slava battleship. Meanwhile, the front near Riga stabilized, a bridgehead formed on the coast near the town of Olai-Shlok. The coastal flank of the front needed the support of the fleet. Slava and gunboats often fired on German positions. Not wanting to risk large ships, the enemy began to increasingly involve aircraft in the fight against Russian ships. The answer to this was the installation of anti-aircraft guns and the inclusion in the naval forces of the Orlitsa hydrotransport bay, which took on board four seaplanes. In early September, the ground command discovered the concentration of German artillery and infantry against the positions of the Shlok detachment. The battleship "Glory" with support ships was advanced to the coast. The fire was supposed to be conducted from the anchor. No sooner had the naval gunners had time to aim, as a German camouflaged battery opened fire on the stationary ships. On the gunboat "Brave", also participating in this operation, the anchor chain was riveted off and thrown into the water with a buoy to get out of the shelling. During the bombardment of German positions at Schmarden, the fire was corrected by an observer who got close to the enemy. By telephone, the data was reported on the coast, from where the signalmen transmitted them by semaphore to the destroyer and then to the firing ships. Even with such a complex warning system, the results were excellent - the German offensive was thwarted. To divert enemy forces from the main direction, in early October, a tactical landing was landed behind German lines on the coast near the Domesnes lighthouse. All naval forces of the Gulf of Riga were involved in this operation. The ships, and among them the Brave, supported the landing with the fire of their guns. Having achieved some tactical successes, the landing groups were taken on ships, which then returned to their bases.

In the final order for 1915, the commander of the Baltic Fleet noted the role of the gunboat "Brave" in the defense of the Irbensky Strait and assisting the flank of troops in the Riga direction.

The gunboat "Brave" was considered one of the best ships of its class in terms of movement and protection, but the armament of 105 mm German guns was considered unsuccessful. Firstly, there were difficulties with the supply of ammunition, as a result of which the gunboat was often forced to be inactive. Secondly, the issue of replacing artillery after the shooting of the barrels was not resolved. Thirdly, the German installations had a short, and therefore very sharp rollback, while the Russian-made sights were constantly upset and required adjustment. Therefore, it was proposed to install new 130-mm guns in 55 calibers manufactured by the Obukhov plant with fire supply and control systems.

All reinforcement and installation work was carried out in Reval by the port. One gun was placed on the deck; two - on the side sponsons in the bow and two - in the stern, in the diametrical plane. For a 40 mm anti-aircraft machine gun of the Vickers system, a platform was equipped that protruded beyond the stern line. The sponsons left over from the 105 mm guns were not dismantled. To reinforce the upper deck and forecastle, pipes rolled from steel sheets were used, which rested on transverse bulkheads. During the repair, the conning tower was raised by 900 mm, and the bridge on it was expanded. Eliminated the aft navigational cabin along with the bridge. The main mast was removed. Repaired cars. The deck manual helm was removed, its wheels were hung on the shield of the 4th gun.
Two 47 mm guns and two machine guns remained from the previous armament. In the sectors of fire of the stern guns, bed nets were cut off. By that time, the gunboat "Brave" no longer had a mine apparatus. The firing range of 130 mm guns reached 80 cables.

The February Revolution on the gunboat "Brave" was greeted, as in the entire fleet, with great enthusiasm and hopes. In the crew, who constantly participated in combat operations, there was no special friction between the officers and the crew, unlike the crews of battleships that were brutalized from idleness, stationed in Helsingfors. Each private understood perfectly well that his life depended both on his own actions and on the orderliness of the officers. The gunboat "Brave" continued to serve on the front line of defense of the Gulf of Finland. New trends also reached the operating fleet.

With the onset of the revolution, gunboats were ordered to proceed to Helsingfors. As on other ships of the Baltic Fleet, the influence of the Bolsheviks increased on the Brave. In October, the boat arrived in Kronstadt for repairs after the Battle of Moonsund, where it met the October Revolution. Part of the team as part of the Kronstadt detachment took part in the assault Winter Palace. Some of the personnel went into politics, and some went home. The peasants rushed to the village so as not to be late for the division of the land. On the ship were those who had nowhere to go.

In the middle of 1918, the gunboat "Brave", along with other combat-ready gunboats "Khivinets" and "Grozyy", was part of the Naval Forces of the Neva and Lake Ladoga, in particular, to the Neva River Flotilla. The anti-aircraft artillery of the gunboat "Brave" took an active part in repelling British air raids on Kronstadt.

In mid-March 1920, the boat was put into operation, after urgent repairs with the replacement of boilers, spare parts for which were not available, and it was impossible to order them for political and financial reasons. Officially, "Brave" entered service on March 15, 1920, so his participation in civil war was quite modest.

In 1926, when the first stage of the restoration of the fleet was completed, the gunboat was put in for repairs, from which she left two years later with the new name "Red Banner".

The appearance of the ship has changed little since 1916: the main mast reappeared, however, in another place near the navigational cabin, instead of a 40 mm machine gun, a 76 mm Lender anti-aircraft gun was installed. Now the gunboat has been assigned to the 2nd division of the submarine brigade as a special purpose ship. An annual holiday appeared in her routine - June 1, in memory of the ship's commissioning.

Before the Great Patriotic War, the gunboat was at sea with cadets who were undergoing shipboard practice. As soon as the boat returned to Kronstadt, the cadets were written off to the shore, and the team took stocks according to wartime standards. In connection with the expected entry into the war of Finland, the gunboat was sent to the Vyborg Bay to assist ground units. A month later, she moved to Narva, where the advanced units of the enemy approached, and entered the operational subordination of the Luga sector of coastal defense.

For more than two weeks, the gunboat "Red Banner" supported units in the battles for Narva. In connection with the threat to Leningrad, the gunboat was soon transferred to the Neva and included in the detachment of the Neva ships. In addition to her, the detachment included armed dredge scows and unfinished destroyers with active artillery. The ships were located along the right bank of the Neva, where positions were equipped for them, including spare ones. Stationary batteries of 120 mm guns taken from the battleships were installed on the shore. Each ship deploy its own ground correction post. Meteorological reconnaissance was provided by a special coastal service. At first, the ships fired at the enemy, who was trying to cross to the right bank, then they supported the Nevsky Piglet and fought a counter-battery fight.

As a result of six months of combat activity, the gunboat destroyed and suppressed 6 and 11 batteries, respectively, shot down three Yu-88 aircraft, and inflicted heavy losses on enemy manpower. In winter, the counter-battery fight continued. When the situation near Leningrad stabilized, the gunboat was transferred to Kronstadt.

After the war, the gunboat "Red Banner" performed special tasks of the command. At the end of 1945, the 50th anniversary of the launch of the ship was solemnly celebrated. The cold war that broke out between the former allies did not allow the Soviet Union to reduce the combat strength of the fleet, only the ships mobilized with the outbreak of the war, which were also extremely needed in the national economy, resigned. Therefore, in Peaceful time the veteran remained in service. The armament of the ship was supplemented with British radars - type 291 detection and type 284 main battery fire control stations. After the war, the gunboat repeatedly participated in naval and ship parades on the Neva. Along with the daily service, the ship was involved in special tasks.

In the 62nd year of almost continuous service, on April 7, 1956, the gunboat "Red Banner" was reorganized into a training gunboat. Hundreds of maritime specialists have practiced on her deck. Seeking funds for the development of the submarine fleet. N. S. Khrushchev drew attention to surface ships, many of which, even those under construction, were taken out of service on his instructions. The turn came to the "Red Banner". At the beginning of March 1959, the training boat was converted into a floating barracks, but in this capacity, its value was small due to its small capacity. In the middle of the following year, the gunboat was handed over to the Stock Property Department, and she stood in line for cutting for scrap metal.

Making a general assessment of this project, ships of this type turned out to be very, very in demand. However, the planned construction of a series of armored gunboats to ensure the coastal defense of the Baltic Sea did not take place: in the year of the launch of the gunboat "Brave", the leadership of the Russian fleet leaned towards the construction of cruisers of the 2nd rank. As a result, the gunboat, successful in concept, ended up in the Russian fleet in splendid isolation.

Technical characteristics of the gunboat "Brave":
Displacement - 1862 tons;
Length - 72.3 m;
Width - 13.01 m;
Draft - 4.08 m;
Power of mechanisms - 2200 l. from.;
Travel speed - 14.5 knots;
Cruising range - 720 miles;

It was designed according to the tactical and technical assignment of the Marine Technical Committee (MTC), on the direct instructions of Vice Admiral N.M. Chikhachev. The ship engineer G.F. was appointed the chief builder of the boat. Schlesinger. The project provided for a displacement of 1,500 tons, a speed of 14 knots, an armored belt, an armored deck and a conning tower, and reinforced artillery armament. The ship was intended to support its squadron, protect the water area and artillery support for its troops in the coastal theater of operations.

The ship's hull was made of riveted Siemens-Marten steel, had a forecastle, double bottom, upper and armored carapace decks, and was assembled using a bracket system. The stem of the gunboat under water protruded forward, forming a kind of ram that reached the armored (residential) deck. The sternpost is also made of steel and weighed 2.5 tons. Outside, cheekbone keels were provided, located in the middle part of the hull, which ensured a reduction in rolling. 76 frames were installed across the hull, with a spacing of about 915 mm. At the level of the upper and living decks, the frames were closed with box-shaped steel beams. To ensure longitudinal strength along the horizontal keel, stringers made of steel sheets with a thickness of 4.8 mm to 6.3 mm were installed. The outer skin of the ship was made of steel sheets 9.5 mm thick, and the upper deck was covered with steel sheets 3 mm thick. In addition, on top of steel sheets, on the upper deck, flooring was made of teak boards with a thickness of 63 mm. The wooden flooring was fastened to the skin with bolts and provided wear resistance, isolated the steel deck from the sun, prevented the metal from sweating when the steam heating was on, and did not slip in rain and frost, which made it possible to move around the upper deck on a run. The ship had a side armor belt, consisting of 12 armor plates on each side with a thickness of 127 mm in the middle part, which decreased towards the extremities to 76.2 mm. To cushion the impact of a projectile, a larch wooden lining was installed under the armor. Armor plates were fastened with special bolts to the steel plating of the hull. Additional protection for the hull was provided by coal pits located under the cut of the armored deck. The armored deck consisted of 38 mm thick plates, which were located slightly above the waterline, and at the extremities descended below the waterline and had a thickness of 19 mm. In the forward part of the upper deck, two main-caliber guns with armored shields were placed on the side sponsons. Along the side sections of the upper deck, from the bow 203-mm guns to the aft combat searchlight, there were high box-shaped bulwarks. Heating of the premises was provided by steam heating. The ship was equipped with an armored bow conning tower with a 25-mm armor thickness and a commander's bridge located above it and an aft steel cabin with a stern bridge. The 152-mm stern gun was located on the poop and had a firing angle of up to 130°. The cabins of the officers and the commander of the ship were located in the stern, and the crew quarters in the bow of the gunboat. Behind the casing of the chimney was a galley with samovars of the team. The conductors were accommodated in two cabins, the boatswain lived in a separate cabin. The silhouette of a gunboat had one chimney and two masts.
The unsinkability of the ship was ensured by division into 11 watertight compartments:

Ram compartment;
punishment cell, bow torpedo tube, pantries;
Chain box, spire room, crew latrines;
Distillers, pantries, cockpits, amenity premises of the team, infirmary and pharmacy;
Forward magazines of ammunition, cockpits of the team, cabins of conductors and boatswain, pantries;
Boiler room, coal pits;
Engine room, coal pits;
Department of auxiliary mechanisms;
Cabins for officers, wardroom for officers, aft artillery cellar, refrigerator;
Commander's cabin, commander's salon, commander's bathroom;
Rump department.

The steering device included a steering machine, which was controlled from the steering wheels through a roller gear. The machine controlled 1 semi-balanced steering wheel with an area of 4.8 m2 with a steel frame weighing 2 tons.

The anchor device included 3 anchors of the Martin system weighing 1.6 tons each, two main and one spare. In addition, there was 1 steam spire in the bow, 2 anchor chains, 2 Legof stoppers, a stop anchor and 2 verps.

Rescue equipment included 1 longboat (14-oared), 1 steam launch, 2 whaleboats and 1 six-oared yawl and 1 four-oared yawl.

The power plant is mechanical, two-shaft with two vertical triple-expansion steam engines with a capacity of 1100 hp each. from. each and 8 water-tube boilers of the Nikloss system were located in the engine and boiler rooms. Steam engines had three cylinders, one high pressure, one low pressure and one medium pressure, which worked on two onboard bronze three-bladed variable-pitch propellers and developed up to 165 rpm per shaft. The boilers of the "Niklossa" system had a heating surface of 70.38 m2 each and an operating steam pressure of 15 kg/cm2, all located in one boiler room. The total supply of coal included 160 tons. The full speed of the gunboat reached 14.5 knots.

The direct current electric power system had a voltage of 100 V and included 2 steam dynamos with a power of 7.5 kW each. As an emergency power source, a rechargeable battery was used, located in the compartments of the parodynamo.

The armament of the ship consisted of:

Of 2 single-barreled 203-mm cannons of the Obukhov plant with a barrel length of 45 calibers, located on sponsons in the bow of the upper deck. The gun was located on a central rotary machine, had an armored shield, and the vertical pointing angle of the barrel was in the range from -5 ° to + 18 °. The barrel is rifled, equipped with a piston lock. The rate of fire of the installation was 3 rounds per minute, and the ammunition load included 137 rounds. The firing range at a sea or coastal target at an angle of inclination of + 18 ° and an initial projectile velocity of 900 m / s reached 13.15 km. Fire control was carried out visually. The mass of the artillery mount with the machine tool and the shield was 28.75 tons.
From 1 single-barreled 152-mm cannon of the Obukhov plant with a barrel length of 45 calibers, located in the aft part of the upper deck. The gun on a rotary machine with a friction compressor had an armored shield. The barrel is rifled, equipped with a piston lock. The barrel is air-cooled, single unitary ammunition supply with manual loading. The calculation of the installation included 6 people. The vertical pointing angle of the barrel ranged from -6° to +20°, and the horizontal pointing angle - up to 130°. A cast-iron projectile weighing 54 kg developed an initial speed of 790 m / s and had a range of fire at a sea or coastal target at an elevation angle of + 20 ° - up to 11.3 km. Fire control was carried out visually. The mass of the artillery mount with the machine tool and the shield was 14.7 tons.
Of 5 single-barreled 47-mm Hotchkiss guns with a barrel length of 43 caliber, located on the side on the upper deck, on the bridges and on the forecastle. The rate of fire of the installation was 15 rounds / min, air cooling, single unitary ammunition supply. Barrel loading is manual. The calculation of the gun included 4 people. The initial velocity of the projectile reached 701 m / s, and the firing range at sea or coastal targets - up to 5 km.
Of the 6 single-barreled 37-mm Hotchkiss guns with a barrel length of 23 caliber, located side by side on the deck. The gun was installed in a glass, which was bolted to the side or other part of the vessel. The calculation of the gun included 4 people. The rate of fire of the gun without aiming correction was 20 rounds. /min A grenade weighing 0.5 kg developed an initial speed of 442 m / s and had a range of fire at a sea or coastal target at an elevation angle of + 11 ° - up to 2.8 km. The mass of the gun with the lock reached 170 kg.
From 1 single-tube 380-mm surface torpedo tube, located motionless in the stem. The Whitehead torpedo had a warhead weight of 42.64 kg, while the weight of the torpedo itself was 410 kg. The speed of the torpedo was 21 knots, and the range was up to 731.52 meters.

The ship was built at the shipyard of the New Admiralty in St. Petersburg.

The lead "Brave" ("Red Banner") entered service with the fleet in 1896.

Tactical and technical data of the gunboat "Brave" Displacement: standard 1500 tons, full 1862 tons Maximum length: 72.31 metersLength according to design waterline: 68.1 meters

Maximum width:	13.01 meters
Board height amidships:	6.2 meters
Hull draft:	4.08 meters
Power point:	2 steam engines of 1100 hp p., 2 screws, 1 steering wheel, 8 Nikloss water tube boilers
Electric power system:	2 steam dynamos 7.5 kW DC 110 V
Travel speed:	gross 14.5 knots, economic 10 knots
cruising range:	1200 miles at 10 knots
Autonomy:	5 days
Armament:	.
artillery:	2x1 203mm guns, 1x1 152mm gun, 5x1 47mm guns, 6x1 37mm guns
mine:	1x1 380-mm surface TA
Crew:	195 people (10 officers, 4 conductors)

In total, ships were built in 1896 - 1 unit.

The seaworthy gunboat "Brave" was laid down on December 15, 1894, launched a year later, and in 1897 became part of the Baltic Fleet.
Already a few days after the start of the First World War, a gunboat from the Skerry detachment was transferred to the area of the Moonsund archipelago, which was of great operational and strategic importance for the defense of the theater. In August 1915, the Brave, together with the battleship Slava and other ships, thwarted an attempt by the German fleet to break into the Gulf of Riga with well-aimed artillery fire. In the spring of 1916, as soon as the ice melted, the Brave, which was wintering in Moonsund, again went to the Gulf of Riga, carried out sentinel service, and provided fire support to the ground forces. The gunboat's fire efficiency was very high. Only on June 19 "Brave", together with two destroyers, put out of action up to a battalion of enemy troops, suppressed an artillery battery and destroyed part of the fortifications. On July 27, acting under air cover in the Irben Strait, he fired on a group of enemy minesweepers, two of which, having received hits, were forced to throw themselves ashore.
Restored in 1920, the gunboat was renamed "Red Banner" on December 31, 1922. From the very first days of the Great Patriotic War, the gunboat "Red Banner" took an active part in the defense of the coast of the Vyborg and Narva bays, distinguished itself in the defense of the distant approaches to Tallinn, and defended heroic Leningrad.
On the night of November 16, 1942, while at anchor in the bay of Lavensari Island, the ship was suddenly attacked by enemy torpedo boats and, having received a hit by a torpedo, sank. It lay on the ground for almost a year, and then, raised by the Baltic rescuers, it was towed for repairs. Resurrected again in September 1944, the gunboat went back into service. In the post-war years, the boat "Red Banner" continued to remain in the combat composition of the fleet until the spring of 1956, then for several years it was used as a training ship and in 1960, having fulfilled its duty to the Motherland to the end, was excluded from the lists of the fleet.

Publisher: Model designer

Year of publication: 2011

Pages: 35

Russian language

Medium quality