Marine terms and concepts. Tsushima

Dictionary of marine terms Boarding - hitch of two ships, by chance or in battle. Boarding net, connected from finger-thick ropes; rises when hitching ships along the entire side with a wall to make it difficult to attack. The tank is part of the upper deck, from the front (fore) mast to

AUTONOMY Duration of sailing without resupply.

AZIMUT (celestial navigation) is the angle between the northern part of the observer's true meridian plane and the star's vertical.

WATER AREA is a section of the water surface.

ANKEROK a barrel without a tap for fresh water. Inside, a glass is suspended from the cork

ANTICYCLONE A region of high atmospheric pressure with air moving around its center clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (against in the Southern Hemisphere).

APSEL mizzen staysail on two-masted yachts (keechs, iols).

ARMOCEMENT (ferocement) is a type of reinforced concrete with a high degree of reinforcement, a structural material for the construction of yachts and ships.

OUTRIGER 1. Side float on proa-type ships. 2. A shot of a semi-rail with a hinged heel at the mast, to remove the braces from the guys. (see shot).

AHTERPEAK is the extreme aft, non-residential compartment of the yacht.

WATERSTAG standing rigging tackle that unfastens the mast from the top to the stern

Aft stern element of the longitudinal set of the hull of the yacht, vertically or inclined attached to the keel

BUTTERFLY is a way of carrying sails on yachts with oblique sailing rigging, when on full courses the bow sails are carried to the opposite side, in relation to the stern sails, to increase speed and stability on the course of the yacht.

TANK - a superstructure in the bow of the yacht. Often the bow of the deck is called the tank (see foredeck).

BAKAN (BAKEN) - a floating sign of the navigational situation, anchored at the border of the fairway or ship's passage, mainly on rivers.

BAKS - a piece of wood that connects the keel to the stem.

BACKSTAGE - 1. Heading when the angle between the yacht's DP and the direction of the wind line is more than 90 * and less than 180 *; 2. Tackle standing rigging, unfastening the mast to the side and aft; 3. For bowsprit see 180* water stays.

BAKSHTOV - a cable released behind the stern of an anchored vessel to secure (take on bakshtov) another vessel.

BALAST - cargo placed inside or outside the yacht's hull to provide the necessary

BALLAST - cargo placed inside or outside the hull of the yacht to provide the necessary draft and stability. They are divided into liquid (fuel, water) and solid (placed in a housing, poured into a false keel, etc.).

BALLER - a design with an axis of rotation or a shaft rigidly connected at the bottom with a rudder blade, and at the top with a tiller.

BALUN - forward, additional, full-tailored sail for light winds on full courses. Sails of a similar purpose - bending, drifter, reacher.

BALUSTER - a step in the form of a chiseled lath.

BANK - 1. A seat on small deckless boats, which simultaneously serves to strut the sides; 2. Separately located aground of limited size.

BANT - canvas sash, sewn onto the sail in order to reinforce it in the places where the reef eyelets are punched.

BAR - 1. Unit of pressure. 2. Shaft-like alluvial shallow in coastal areas.

BARBARA - additional clew of the staysey to the deck.

BARKHOOT - a thickened belt of outer skin in the area of ​​the waterline.

RUNNING RIGGING - gear that serves to set up a movable spars and sails, as well as to control them.

BEIDEWIND - a course when the angle between the center line of the yacht and the direction of the wind is less than 90 *. Close-hauled - if the angle is less than 45 *, full-length is more than 60 *.

BEIFOOTH - 1. A ring made of a cable or iron sheathed in leather for attaching a yard or hafel to a mast or topmast; 2. A simple rax yoke if the boom (hafel) has a mustache.

BENZEL - ligation of two thick cables with a line or cable.

BERMUDA SAIL - a rectangular, triangular, oblique oblique sail, has high aerodynamic characteristics, allows the yacht to go in badewind.

HARBOR - a suspended seat (board) for lifting a person onto a mast or for working overboard a yacht.

MIZAN - the lower oblique sail on the mizzen mast.

MIZAN-MAST-to the aft mast on multi-masted sailboats, as well as on two-masted yachts, if it is lower than the front one (on the iol, keech).

BEMS - underdeck beam of the transverse set of the yacht's hull.

BITENG - a metal pedestal on the deck of a cruising yacht for attaching cables.

BLIND - a straight sail, placed on old sailboats under a bowsprit.

BLINDOUS - spacer pole for deflecting backstays.

BLOCK - a pulley with a fixed axis and a groove around the circumference to change the direction of the cable, chain.

BLOOPER (BIGBOY) - auxiliary, oblique, flying, pot-bellied "sail, raised from the leeward from the spinnaker.

BOKANTS - small shots on the tank for taking out the fore-tacks or shots on BOKANTS - small shots on the tank for taking out the fore-tacks into the wind or on the poop to divert and save from chafing against the hull and rigging of the braces.

BON - fixed in place (to the shore, at anchor, behind the fires) floating, lightly submerged structure with flooring, designed for mooring small boats or other special purposes (barrage, crossing, etc.).

BORA - a strong, gusty, cold wind blowing from the slopes of the mountains near the sea.

BORG - standing rigging tackle, on which the lower rail hangs.

BOARDSAILING - sailing on a board (windsurfing, windglider, etc.).

BOARD - side wall (side) of the hull of the yacht from the stem to the stern.

BOARD LIGHTS - ship navigation lights indicating the side of the vessel (right - green, left - red).

BOAT - reinforcing, vertical, oblique or sector lining on a sail made of canvas or tape in places of special loads, chafing, punching (sewing) of eyelets, crengels, gats.

BRAM-STANDING - a spar tree that serves as a continuation of the topstand.

BRANDER-SHIELD - a vertical shield covering the main entrance to the yacht's cabin.

BRAS - running rigging tackle, fixed on the tip of a spinnaker boom or yardarm and serving to turn them in a horizontal plane and hold them at the desired angle.

WINDLASS - a deck mechanism with a horizontal axis of rotation, designed to lift the anchor and select cables when mooring.

BRESHTUK - a connection connecting the cleats with the stem or sternpost.

BRIDEL- anchor chain (cable), attached by the root end to a dead anchor on the ground, and by the running end - to the raid mooring barrel (buoy, floating pier, boom, etc.).

BREEZE - wind in coastal areas, which changes its direction during the day under the influence of temperature differences between land and water surfaces (during the day - from sea to land, at night - from land to sea).

BRIFOK - a quadrangular sail with a free luff, raised on the front mast on a brief yard. Unlike the fock, the brief is not tied to the yard.

THROWING END - a light cable with a load (lightness) at the end. With its help, mooring lines are supplied.

Broaching is a phenomenon of complete loss of control in tailwinds, when the yacht falls sharply over the chin, and the rudder comes out of the water.

BRUKANETS - a protective umbrella made of waterproof fabric around the mast in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bpartners, preventing water from entering the yacht's hull.

Yoke - an iron hoop worn on the spars to strengthen it or connect its components.

BUER - 1. A small (up to 20 m), flat-bottomed, single-masted Dutch coastal vessel with sprint or gaff rigging and shverts.m and shverts. 2. Sailing yacht on skates for sliding on ice, snow crust.

BUOY - 1. A floating sign of a navigational situation, standing at a dead anchor. Usually used for fencing dangerous places, as well as to indicate the axes, sides, and rotations of the recommended headlights. 2. Buoyancy connected through a buoy with a dead anchor. Used for mooring yachts.

BUIREP - 1. A cable connecting a buoy with a dead anchor. 2. Rope with buoyancy (buoy) on the surface and the root end on the trend of the anchor, to indicate the place of release of the anchor, and, if necessary, to facilitate its release from the ground.

TOWING - traction of one vessel (towed) by another vessel (tug) with the help of a towing cable (tug), or by pushing, or by lag (towing a vessel moored side to the tug).

TOWING LIGHT - yellow light at the stern of the towing vessel.

BULBOKIL - a design of a finned yacht keel with a heavy streamlined ballast (bulb) attached to the lower edge.

BOWLINE - 1. A thin cable (line) inside the leech of an oblique sail, which serves to adjust the profile of the sail. 2. Tackle for carrying forward the windward, side luff of a straight sail.

BAY - a small bay separated from the sea by capes or islands.

BAY OF THE ROPE - 1. A cable or tackle, rolled up in circles or eights. 2. Packing a new cable in the form of a hollow cylinder.

BOWSPRIT - a horizontal or inclined spar tree protruding forward from the bow of the yacht and serving to carry out the stays and tacks of the jibs.

BULL-PROUD- see Gorden.

SHUTTERS - gear of standing rigging, unfastening the mast from the sides. The lower ends of the shrouds are attached to the lanyards (yufers), through which the loads are transferred to the shrouds (special fittings, deck fittings) fastened to the hull set.

WATER-BACKSTAGES - tackle that fastens the bowsprit to the sides of the yacht.

WATERWAYS - 1. Thick, wooden bars running along the sides of the yacht and forming part of the deck flooring. 2. Water flow on the open deck along the sides.

WATER-WOOLING - fastening of a bowsprit with a water cutter (cable, chain, etc.).

WATERLINE - 1. The line of contact of the water surface with the yacht's hull and dividing - WATERLINE - 1. The line of contact of the water surface with the yacht's hull, dividing the board into surface and underwater. 2. The curve of the theoretical drawing of the ship's hull, formed by the intersection of the surface of the hull with a horizontal plane.

WATER STAGE - standing rigging tackle that unfastens the bowsprit downwards (stem).

WATCH SERVICE (WATCH) - the main type of duty on ships, ensuring their navigation, safety and survivability. All information about the operation of the vessel, the operation of its mechanisms, changes in personnel, etc. are entered in the log book.

VELPS - ribs on the drum of the spire (windlass), preventing the cable from slipping.

ANCHOR SPINDLE - the longitudinal rod of the anchor.

VERP - auxiliary, imported anchor on a ship.

VERPOVING - movement by pulling up to the verp, which is brought to the right place on the boat.

VERTICAL (luminaries) - a large circle on the celestial sphere, passing through the zenith, nadir, and the luminary.

SWIVEL - 1. Kreugovy hinge. 2. Screw clamping mechanism (see lanyard).

VEHA - a floating sign of the navigation situation, designed to protect hazards and indicate the sides of the fairway. It consists of a pole on a sprit-buoy and a golik or other top figure.

CAPTURE OF REEFS - Reducing the area of ​​​​sail for oblique sails - by tying the lower part with reefs or winding it on a boom, and for straight sails - by tying the upper part of the sail to the yard.

WINDGLIDER, WINDSURFING - see boardsailing.

WINDZAYLE - a rotary, obliquely cut ventilation pipe on the deck.

WATER CUTTER - the front part of the stem, protecting it from damage.

ARMAMENT OF A SAILING SHIP - a set of sails, spars, rigging, deck mechanisms and practical things intended for setting, cleaning and managing sails. There are two main types of sailing armament: oblique - with sails parallel to the diametrical plane (DP) of the hull e and straight - with sails on the yards, perpendicular to the vessel's DP.

RESTORATION OF THE dinghy (CATAMARAN) - lifting the dinghy (catamaran) to an even keel when it lay sails on the water or made an overkill turn.

VULING- 1. Rope hoses laid close, next to each other on a single-pole mast to strengthen it. 2. See water-wooling.

CHOOSE - pull up the tackle (cable), ensuring its tension. The opposite action is to poison.

Vyblenka - 1. A step from a cable on guys. 2. A faded sea knot.

VYMBOVKA - a wooden lever for manually rotating the spire.

VIPING - wave vibration, unsteady elastic vibrations of the hull, caused by the impact of the bottom and sides of the water - slamming and water flow onto the deck.

LIGHT HEIGHT - the angle between the plane of the true horizon and the direction to the star.

SHOT - a spar tree resting against another spar tree, board or hull structure for the removal of gear or rigging. See also - outrigger.

HARBOR - coastal part of the water surface protected from waves, intended for parking of ships.

HAK - a hook used to lift or secure a load.

GAKABORT - the upper part of the stern or aft superstructure, from the shell to the gunwale. For mooring ships.

HAK - a hook used to lift or secure a load

GAKABORT - the upper part of the stern or aft superstructure (ute) of the vessel from the shell to the gunwale.

SHAFT LIGHT - towing light (yellow) ё, exhibited at the stern of the towing vessel.

GALS-1. The course of the yacht relative to the wind without taking into account the angle to the wind. There are right and left tacks, by the name of the board, into which the wind blows. 2. Tackle, e waist, with the help of which the lower, windward corner of the sail is held - tack.

GALFWIND - course relative to the wind when the angle between the yacht's DP and the wind direction is 90 * (half a wind).

WC - 1. Toilet on the yacht. 2. A platform above the water cut that served as a latrine on old sailing ships.

GALYUNNY FIGURE - bow decoration (sculpture) on sailboats.

HANDICAP is a factor or value measured in seconds used to compare results shown in races by boats with different racing scores.

GARDEL - running rigging tackle for lifting the lower yards and gaffs.

GAT - a hole in the sail, spar or hull structure for wiring gear, placing pulleys, etc.

GAFEL - an inclined spar tree that rises up the mast and rests against it with its heel. The gaff serves to stretch the upper luff of oblique quadrangular sails along it, as well as to fasten the clew corners of the topsails. The sails hoisted on the hafel are called hafel, and the rigging of the ship with such sails is called gaff rigging.

HELMPORT - a cutout in the lower part of the stern or stern of the vessel for wiring the rudder stock. A (watertight) helmport pipe is usually installed above the helmport, in which the rudder stock is hung.

GENOA - a large, wide staysail with a clew that extends beyond the mast of the yacht.

GIK - a horizontal spar tree, resting with its heel into the mast through a swivel (for sails - aft of the mast). It serves to stretch the luff of the oblique porus and bears its name (grotto-gikyo, mizzen-geek, etc.). It is equipped with: boom-shkotomyo, topenantome, gikayo guy, blockage-hoists. To stretch the luff, the boom is equipped with a sheet (main sheet, mizzen sheet, etc.) e, and for taking reefs - pendants and reef hoists. Special equipment for a boom with a patent reef. The boom for the front sails (staysail boom, jib boom) rests through a swivel on a fitting at its stay. See also spinnaker boom.

GINITALs with increased block sizes, number of pulleys and thickness of falls. Giniyo have at least two 3-sheave or 2- and 3-sheave blocks.

GITOVY - running rigging gear for pulling the clew corners of a straight sail or the luff of an oblique sail to the hafel and the mast to the yard when it is cleaned.

VERB-GAK - a folding gakyo held in position by a special chain link.

PLANING - the mode of movement of the yacht, in which, under the influence of the dynamic forces of water, its landing changes - the bow rises and the stern settles, while increasing the speed (the vessel goes on gliding).

SHUT - move the boat forward with the help of special helical movements of the stern oar.

GONG - a metal device in the form of a plate for giving sound signals.

GOLIK - wicker top figure on the milestone.

RACES - competitions of yachts. They are divided into class races - for yachts of the same class (or with equal racing scores) and gadicap races - with different races. points.

RACING YACHTS - sailing yachts designed for racing. They are divided into yachts of international, Olympic and national classes.

RACING POINT - a value expressed in meters or feet and indicating the speed potential - racing power "of the yacht. It is obtained as a result of measuring the hull, sails and calculation according to special formulas.

GORDEN - 1. lifting device consisting of a fixed single-pulley block and a cable (pendant) passed through it. 2. Tackle of running rigging for pulling the luff of a direct sail to the yard. Pride, pulling up the sail by the middle of the luff, is called the bull-pride.

GREP - the lower part of the water cutter.

GROT - a slanting sail raised on the mainmast (stern) of a yacht with oblique rigging, or straight, the lowest sail on the mainmast of a yacht with direct rigging.

MAINSMASHTA - the second from the bow and subsequent, except for the stern, masts on a multi-masted sailing vessel; middle mast on a three-masted vessel; higher or second, with equal height. on a two-masted ship; machtayo if she is alone.

GROTA-SHKOT - tackle, stretching the lower luff of the grotto along the boom.

GRUNTOV - a piece of cable, fastening on a camping boat on sloop-beams.

VISIBILITY RANGE - the maximum distance at which you can see an object in the sea. There are geometric, optical and meteorological visibility ranges.

DEVIATION- (at magnetic compass) deviation of the sensitive element (magnetic arrow, card) of the compass from the direction of the magnetic meridian under the action of the ship's own magnetic field.

DEADWOOD - the underwater part of the stern or bow points of the vessel at the junction of the keel with the stern or stem. On yachts it is densely filled with wood, plastic, cement, cisterns, etc.

PARTICULAR THINGS - the general name of some removable items of equipment on the yacht (windows, doors, gangways, lifelines, brackets, blocks, etc.).

DINGI - a type of single racing dinghy (crew - 1 person).

DP - diametral plane (yachts).

DIRIK-FAL - running rigging tackle for lifting and holding the gaff at an angle.

TRIM - the inclination of the vessel in the longitudinal plane.

BOTTOM - deep, underwater part of the ship's hull plating.

GETTING - see choosing.

DREK - boat anchor.

DREKTOV - anchor rope of a boat anchor.

DRIFT - the drift of a moving yacht from the line of its course under the influence of the wind, without taking into account the current. Drift is measured by the drift angle between the wake (track) and the boat's DP.

ZHVAKA-GALS - a special device or attachment point for the root end of the anchor rope (chain) on the ship.

VIABILITY - the ability of a vessel to maintain its operational and seaworthiness in case of damage. It is provided with unsinkability, fire safety, reliability of technical means and preparedness of the crew.

ZAVAL-TALI - tackle for holding the boom, preventing its spontaneous transfer to the other side on a full course.

LAY- 1. Fix the end, the cable. 2. Lay a tack (slang) - a long movement on one tack.

ZENIT - on the vertical, the point of intersection of the perpendicular through the observer to the horizon plane.

SIGNS OF THE NAVIGATIONAL SITUATION - landmarks and structures that serve to ensure the safety of navigation of ships (lighthouses, leading signs, buoys, buoys, milestones).

PORTHOLE - a glazed opening in the side, superstructure, upper deck of the yacht.

IOL - a type of armament of a two-masted sailing yacht with a mizzen mast behind the steering gear.

TRUE COURSE - the course of the yacht, taking into account magnetic declination and deviation.

CABLES - a distance of 1/10 of a nautical mile (= 185.2 m).

KABOLKA - the original, integral part of the plant cable, twisted from plant fiber.

KALYSHKA (kenga) - an accidental curl or twist of the cable, preventing its free passage through the pulley of the block, clewse, etc.

GALLEY - a kitchen on a yacht.

KANINKHEM - soft, tacked sails of Bermuda cut (mainsail, mizzen).

CARRIAGE - a rearranged or movable device on the pursuit for transferring the direction of the thrust of the boom-sheet.

CARTUSHKA - a sensitive element of a magnetic compass that determines the direction of the magnetic meridian.

KATali or pendant for lifting the anchor on board, usually through a cat-beam.

KAT-BALKA - a shot on the foredeck to lift the anchor on board.

CATAMARAN - a yacht with two parallel hulls connected on decks. Possesses the increased cross stability.

POWING - vibrations of the yacht under the influence of waves, divided into longitudinal (keel) and transverse (side).

CABIN - yacht accommodation.

KECH - a type of armament of a two-masted sailing yacht with a mizzen mast in front of the steering gear.

KEELING - 1. Artificial inclination of the yacht until the keel is exposed in the parking lot (for cleaning the hull, repairs, etc.) 2. Pulling the offending sailor at the end under the keel of the vessel.

KEEL - the main beam of the longitudinal set, lying in the ship's DP.

KILBLOK - an element of the support device for setting the yacht on land.

KILVATER - a system of ships going in one line one after another.

WAKE STREAM - a trace on the surface of the water behind a sailing yacht.

KILSON - (floor-timbers) longitudinal connection of the bottom part of the frames.

KIPA - a diversion device on the deck for guiding the sheet of the front sail (staysail) to the winch, duck.

KIPOVAYA PLANK - a device for changing the direction of gear and preventing their breaks.

CLAMP - a stopper in the form of an overlay on a spar tree, preventing slippage of the tackle covering this tree.

KLEVANT - a cylindrical wooden block for attaching signal flags to halyards and other line connections.

CELL - a thin line, laid around the cable when it is caged.

KLETNEVANIE - a type of rigging, in which thin strips of tar canvas (kletnevin) are placed on the cable, and then a cage.

CLIVER - 1. An oblique, triangular sail, which is placed in front of the staysail. The next sail in front of it is called a boom jib. If the jib is placed without fastening to the forestay (with a free luff), then it is called flying. 2. Front sail on a boat equipped with a split foresail.

KLOTIK - a wooden or metal blind washer worn on top.

CLUESE - a hole in a bulwark, deck or side, edged with a bar or casting, used for wiring a cable or chain.

KLYAMS - thick belts, reinforced on the inside of the side of the vessel, on which beams are placed.

KNEKHT - a detail of a mooring device in the form of paired metal bollards on a common foundation attached to the deck. Mooring lines are superimposed by eights.

KNITSA - a plate (a piece of wood) of a triangular or trapezoidal shape, connecting the beams of the ship's hull set converging at an angle.

KNOP - a knot in the form of a thickening at the end of the cable.

KNYAVDIGED - the upper part of the water cutter.

COCKPIT - an open top, enclosed space on a yacht for the crew to work on the move. A common self-draining cockpit is a small recess in the deck.

COAMINGS - vertical, watertight fencing of hatches and other cutouts in the deck of the vessel, as well as a threshold at the entrance to the premises.

KOMPAS (magnetic) is a navigation device, the operation of which is based on the use of the property of a magnetic needle to be installed in the direction of the lines of force of an external magnetic field.

COMPASS COURSE - the course of the yacht according to the compass.

COMPROMIS-type of hull of a ballasted (keel) yacht with a centerboard.

END- 1. Not a metal cable on the yacht. 2. Actually the ends of the tackle, one of which

root (fixed), and the other - running (movable).

CONTRATIMBERS - an inclined beam of a longitudinal set, which is a continuation of the sternpost in the presence of a stern overhang.

BUTTON - 1. Spacer in the link of the anchor chain. 2. Strut at bulwark posts or lifeline posts.

ROOT END - see End.

Stern - the end of the yacht, starting from the afterpeak bulkhead and ending with the sternpost (counter-timber) and transom (if any).

STERN LIGHT - white light at the stern of the vessel (COLREG-72).

YACHT HULL - the basis of the yacht, consisting of the outer shell (outer skin, upper deck flooring, superstructures and wheelhouses), reinforced with a set and bulkheads.

OBLIQUE SAIL - see Armament.

KOUSH - a metal inner frame of a cable loop (ogan).

KOFEL-NAGEL - a metal or wooden pin for laying gear.

COFEL-NAGEL STRIP - a massive, rigidly fixed plank at the mast or side with holes for coffee pins.

KRUMBOL- see Kat-beam.

FENDER - a device that serves to absorb shocks and protect the side of the yacht against the pier or other vessel at moorings and parking lots.

FENDER BOARD - a board suspended from the side of the yacht between the pier and the fenders.

KRASPITSA - 1. Spacer, diverting the guys from the mast. 2. A cross beam laid on a longo-saling. 3.Protrusion on the bit to support the chain hose.

CRUISING - sailing (walking) on ​​a yacht from port to port, along a certain route.

ROLL - inclination of the yacht in the transverse plane (around the longitudinal axis).

KRENGELS - a ring, a loop, a half-ring sewn into the sail at the luff or into the luff.

STEEP COURSE (SHARP COURSE) - sidewind. Cool (sharp) walk - the ability to keep the yacht in close-hauled without losing speed. The opposite is full of walking.

ALL-ROUND LIGHT - a white light of a circular glow, exhibited, as a rule, on a ship at anchor. See COLREGs 72 and Anchor Lights for details.

CRUIS-PELENG - determination of the yacht's position by bearings to a landmark, course and distance traveled.

KUBRIK - a room on a yacht for crew and equipment.

HEADING ANGLE - the horizontal angle between the DP of the yacht and the direction to the landmark.

COURSE OF THE YACHT - the horizontal angle between the northern part of the meridian and the direction of movement. There are compass (KK), magnetic (MK) and true (IR) courses.

COURSE OF THE YACHT RELATIVE TO THE WIND - the angle between the direction of the wind and the DP of the yacht. Distinguish: sidewind, gulfwind, backstay and jibe (right or left tack).

CUTTER - see tender.

KET - a boat with an oblique mainsail and a rotating mast placed on the fordeck.

LAVING - the movement of the yacht to the target, located to the windward, by the sidewind courses, periodically changing the tacks (zigzag).

LAG is a device (device) for measuring the speed (distance traveled) of a ship.

LAGLIN - a line with special markings for a manual, outboard log.

LAGOM - the position of moored vessels or on the move "relative to each other when they are set side to side."

LATA - a thin, flat, flexible rail made of wood or plastic, inserted into a latpocket sewn from the leech on a Bermuda-style sail. Serves to give the sail the correct aerodynamic profile.

LATIN WEAPONS - oblique weapons with a triangular sail attached to a long, inclined rail (ryu).

WINCH - a mechanism for increasing traction when choosing gear by transferring forces through gears of various diameters.

LEVENTIK - the position of the yacht with its bow into the wind when the sails stop working.

LEDZHES - half-beam, beam between carlings.

LEER - 1. A metal rod or cable along a spar for tying sails. 2. Enclosure of the upper deck of the yacht. Consists of metal railings

racks and cables or rods-rails stretched between them. See also - railing.

LYING DRIFT - to be under the influence of external forces (wind, current), not using them for purposeful movement.

FLYING SAILS - these are bow sails that are not attached to the stays along the luff and are usually set in light winds.

LIGHTNESS - a canvas bag with sand braided on top. It is attached to the throwing end and facilitates its aimed throwing.

LIKPAZ - a semi-closed chute on (in) a spar tree, into which a lyktros or luff sliders of the sail are inserted, which ensures quick and convenient setting and cleaning of the sail. Likpaz is also the main element of the headstay pier.

LYKTROS is a vegetable or synthetic cable of a gentle lay, which is sewn to the edge of the sail (leech) to increase its strength and fasten it to the spars. For jibs (staysail) on yachts, flexible, steel cables are used, which are sewn into the luffs of the sails.

LINEK - a short tip, with a knot at the end, for the punishment of sailors in the old fleet.

LIN - vegetable or synthetic, usually braided cable with a circumference of up to 25 mm.

It is widely used in sailing (for lacing covers, flags, lots, throwing ends, etc.).

TRACK LINE - the line along which the ship actually moves relative to the ground, taking into account drift and drift.

LYSEL - the lower flying sail of direct armament, is placed on a special spar tree - fox-alcohol. On yachts, it is placed under the boom at full courses.

Loxodromia - a line on the earth's surface that intersects all meridians at the same angle. On nautical charts in the Mercator projection, the loxodrome

shown as a straight line.

LONG-SALING - longitudinal bars on the lower part of the top of the mast or topmast, which, together with spreaders and chiks, serve as the basis of the mars or saling.

LOPAR - part of the cable based between blocks or lufers.

LOT - a device (device) for measuring depths from a ship.

LOTLIN - a line with a special marking of a manual lot, to which a load is attached.

LOCATION - 1.Section of navigation, studying the conditions of navigation in the water basin.

2. The name of the navigation manual containing detailed description certain areas of water basins, their banks, navigation conditions, etc.

LOTSMAN - a specialist in piloting ships in a certain area. Sometimes it is mandatory to be taken on board, but in no way replaces the captain.

LYALO - a recess in the hold of a vessel for collecting water, oils, etc. - bilge waters.

EYELING - a round hole in a sail, awning, etc., braided with a cable or crimped with a metal ring.

LUGER - 1. An oblique trapezoidal sail raised on a rail. 2. Vessel with a lugger.

HATCH - an opening in the deck of the yacht for the passage of people, lighting and ventilation of the premises.

MAGNETIC DECLATION - the angle between the geographic and magnetic meridians at the considered point on the earth's surface. Positive for east declination, negative for west declination.

MAGNETIC COURSE - a course taking into account the magnetic declination.

MARK-1. Method for terminating the end of the cable. 2. Mark on tackle, line.

MARKISOVA LUZHA - the ironic name of the Neva Bay - the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland near the mouth of the river. Not you. Under the command of the Marquis de Traverse (XIX century), the Russian Baltic Fleet never went beyond Kronstadt.

MARS - a platform on the top of the mast for spreading the wall shrouds and working with sails.

Marseille - the second straight sail from the bottom, placed between the Mars-Ray and the lower yard.

MARTIN-GIK - a spar suspended vertically under the bowsprit for jib- and bom-jib-stays and martin backstays. Set name - bowsprit shot.

MARTIN BACKSTAG - a cable running from the bow of the Martin boom to the side of the ship.

MARTIN STAGE - a cable running from the butt of the martin boom to the butt of the jib.

MAT - a mat or rug made of a soft cable.

MAST - a vertical spar tree, towering above the upper deck and located, as a rule, in the ship's DP. On a yacht it is used for setting sails.

LIGHTHOUSE - a navigation structure with a light source and its own characteristics of fire, which serves to determine the position of the vessel.

SHALLOW - part of the water basin with shallow or relatively shallow depths.

SHOOL - a section of the bottom, separated from the shore by deep water.

MERCATOR PROJECTION - a normal, conformal cylindrical projection, the most common in the preparation of nautical charts.

MEASURED LINE (MILE) - a section of the coastal water area with special leading marks on the coast, intended for measuring speeds and lag errors.

MIDEL-FRAME (MIDEL) - the line of intersection of the outer surface of the ship's hull with a vertical, transverse plane dividing its theoretical length in half

MILE (nautical) - a unit of length equal to one arc minute of the meridian (1852 m.).

NAVIGATIONAL TABLES - a collection of various tables necessary for solving navigational and astronomical problems.

COLREGs 72 - International Regulations for Preventing Collisions between Vessels, 1972

MUSING - a thickening (knot) in the middle or end of a vertically hanging cable, which serves as a support for the legs.

MUSHKEL - a wooden hammer used in rigging and finishing work.

ON THE WAY - the term on the move "means that the ship is not at anchor, not moored to the shore and not aground, (COLREG-72).

YACHT HULL SET - a set of transverse and longitudinal beams that make up the skeleton of the yacht and the support for the skin.

NAVAL - touching the berth or side of another vessel with the hull of the vessel, without first extinguishing its own inertia.

WINDWIND (board, sheet, etc.) - located closer to the wind. The opposite side is leeward. To windward - to be on the side from which the wind blows.

NAVIGATION - 1. Seafaring, shipping. 2. Section of the navigation course.

NAGEL - 1. A wooden or metal rod for fastening the elements of the hull and spars of the yacht. 2.See coffee nagel.

NADIR - the point of intersection of the vertical and the horizon.

SUPERSTRUCTURE - a closed structure on the deck, extending from side to side.

NIGHTOV - tackle for securing equipment and property. Find - fasten.

DECK LAYING - its hard covering with wood, metal, plastic, etc.

NAUTOFON - an electromagnetic sound emitter that works in fog on individual lighthouses.

PATCH - reinforcement along the luff of a canvas sail.

LOCATION DIFFERENCE - the discrepancy between the calculated and observed position of the vessel.

NEDGERS - bars on both sides of the stem, between which the bowsprit is attached.

UNFLOODING - the ability of a vessel to maintain buoyancy and stability when one or more compartments are flooded.

NIRAL - running rigging tackle for cleaning oblique sails.

NOK - the free end of any horizontal or inclined spar tree.

The other end that rests on the mast is called the heel.

NOSE - the forward end of the vessel.

ZERO DEPTH - a conditional surface from which the depths are calculated, given

on sea charts. For n.g. take the average long-term sea level, and in

tidal waters - the lowest possible level. In most European

cards for n.g. take the average level of spring low waters.

HULL LINES - the external outlines of the yacht's hull, which largely determine the course

high qualities, stability and seaworthiness, hull mass, displacement, together

value, etc. They are mainly divided into traditional (with an elongated ki-

lem) and modern fin (dinghy type) contours.

COVER - sew lyktros.

MEASUREMENT OF THE YACHT - a special, control check of the dimensions of the hull, sailing

ruzheniya, structural elements and equipment of the yacht for the purpose of establishing

its relevance to a particular class of yachts or to calculate the racing score.

OBSERVATION - determining the position of the vessel by observing objects with known geo-

graphical coordinates (landmarks, radio beacons, stars, etc.).

SHELL - the material of the surface of the side of the yacht.

OVERKIL - flipping (overturning) the yacht through (up) the keel (keel), as a re-

The result of an unsuccessful maneuver or falling from a steep wave. Overkill - frequent accident

sports sailboats. Techniques for their rapid recovery have been worked out.

OVERSTAGE - a turn when the yacht changes tack with the nose crossing the wind line.

LIGHTS AND SIGNS - 1. Part C of COLREGs-72. 2. Ship navigation lights and signs,

mandatory for carrying on ships in accordance with COLREGs-72, are a source of mutual

personal information of the courts necessary to assess the situation and safe,

competent maneuvering and divergence.

OGON - a loop at the end of the cable.

HOLD - slow down the turn of the yacht, inertia when mooring, prevent bulk.

BRAID - sealing (tying) ends, splices, gear or spars with a thin line for

preventing gear from spinning or snagging. See also - celling.

ORTHODROMY - a great circle arc on the surface of the globe - the shortest distance

station between two points.

DRAFT - deepening of the yacht.

RIGGING - 1. System of tackles on the yacht - standing and running rigging. See also-weapons-

yacht charter. 2. The process of attaching the main and wiring the running ends of the gear.

STABILITY - the ability of a yacht that has received a roll for any reason, straightens

lie. Insufficient stability resulting from too high a center

gravity, makes the yacht roll, prone to capsizing. Excessive resistance

vost leads to a very sharp pitching, dangerous for the hull and spars.

SHARP COURSE - sidewind. See also - steep course.

ROCK OFF - move away on a yacht from a pier or other vessel.

GIVE - untie, unfasten, completely unsettle the tackle, the end. Drop anchor - bro

put it in water and etch the anchor end (chain).

DIFFERENTIAL LIGHTS - see lights and signs.

SHOEL - shallow, starting directly from the coastline.

SLEEVE - tackle, a device with traction, as a rule, to the deck. Designed for management

movable elements of the spars (booms, outrigger, etc.) or to provide

niya necessary thrust on the luffs of oblique sails (caninchem, barbara, etc.).

DEPARTURE - the difference between the meridians of the initial and final points of navigation,

calculated from the mean parallel in nautical miles.

PAYOL - yacht hold flooring. As a rule, it is made completely or partially removable.

PAZ - a gap between the boards of the skin or deck. The grooves are caulked, putty-

yut or fill with sealant.

PAL-1. Hydraulic structure in the form of a separate support, designed for

mooring booms, ships. 2. Metal bar preventing reverse

spire rotation.

PALGUN - the foundation of the spire with a toothed rail around the circumference.

DECK - horizontal overlap of the main hull of the yacht along its entire length.

PANER - the moment when the anchor is raised, when the anchor rope (chain) is vertical, and

the anchor has not yet separated from the ground.

SAIL - a propulsion device that converts wind energy into the work of a yacht's useful thrust (typically

pu wing in the air stream). Sails are rigid (profiled) and soft

cue, from vegetable or synthetic materials.

SAILING ARMAMENT - see armament of a sailing ship.

PATENT-REEF - a device that allows you to wind a sail on a boom or on a rod inside

three booms for taking reefs.

PELENG - the angle between the vertical plane of the meridian and the vertical plane,

passing through the observer and the observed object. Similar to courses,

There are compass (KP), magnetic (MP) and true (IP) bearings.

PENTER-HOOK - hook, laid by the paw or by the bracket on the anchor spindle when it is raised

yome on rustov or on deck.

Bulkhead - a wall that divides the interior of the yacht into compartments (room

niya), as well as the outer wall of the superstructure or deckhouse. Load-bearing bulkhead included

in ensuring the overall strength of the case, waterproof - in providing

unsinkability of the ship.

RUDDER FEATHER - a flat or profiled element of the steering wheel, providing the creation

transverse force and moment required to steer the yacht. located

in the stern area and is rigidly connected to the rudder stock.

PERTULIN - tackle (chain) holding the anchor by the bracket in the retracted position.

PERTS - cables stretched under the yoke, on which sailors stand when working with sails.

PILLERS - a vertical rack that supports the deck of the vessel.

PIRS - a pier on piles, installed at an angle to the coast line.

BUOYANCY - positive if the yacht remains afloat when completely flooded.

PLANSHIR - a bar (beam) that limits the bulwark along the upper edge.

PLASTER - lined, multi-layered, rectangle made of canvas with thimbles on

along the perimeter, to close the hole in the board (apply, put a plaster on).

Shoulder strap (rail) for moving sliders, carriages or bales along it.

LEEETH - see windward.

PODVOLOK- sewing the ceiling in the interior.

VISION - overhang of the stern of the yacht.

PICK (PICK) - see choose.

HALF WIND - Gulfwind course.

FULL COURSE - courses jibe and backstay. In turn, courses such as beide-

wind and backstay, can also be full (closer to the wind) and steep (sharp).

TRAFFIC LANE - a certain area within which a one-stop is installed

forward movement of ships.

SEMICLUSSE - consignment clewse with a cut for inserting a cable.

POMP - a mechanism for pumping liquids.

PONTON - a floating structure for maintaining various devices on the water.

GROUNDING - an emergency stop of the vessel due to touching the ground with the keel or bottom.

FINALE BEAM - a beam, reinforced along the freeboard, protects the side

during bulking and during parking.

LEAD (to the wind) - change the course of the yacht closer (steeper) to the direction of the wind.

PRESSURE - moorings supplied perpendicular to the ship's DP.

TIDAL CURRENTS - horizontal movements of water particles caused by the action

tide-forming forces of the Moon and the Sun.

PROA - a type of catamatan with an outrigger-float, taken away from the main body.

LONGITUDINAL - moorings supplied from the bow forward, from the stern back.

STRAND - an integral part of the cable, for a vegetable cable it is twisted from cables, for a steel cable

twisted from identical wires.

STRAIGHT SAIL - see armament of a sailing vessel.

TRAVELING ANGLE (PU) - the horizontal angle between the northern part of the true meridian

on and line way.

PYARTNERS - a hole in the deck of the yacht through which the mast passes.

HEEL - 1. The end of the spar tree rested on the mast. The other, free end is a knock.

2. The outer (lower) part of the trend at the anchor.

SPLIT FOK-sail, consisting of two parts: front - jib and rear -

fore raised on a common rail (boat sail).

SINK - side overhang in the stern of the vessel.

RAKS - metal rings or half rings, dressed on a stay and tied to the front

her luff staysail or jib. Carabiners have been replaced on modern yachts

mi or stay-pier.

RAKS-BUGEL- 1. variant of the rope execution of the bayfoot, when it is supplemented with rax-sliza-

mi (wooden plates) and rax-clots (turned balls). 2.Ring with

hook, walking on the mast and serving to raise the rake of the sail.

SPAR TREE - the traditional name for a yacht spar, a set of overhead

bast structures and details of yacht armament intended for

setting, unfastening and carrying sails (masts, yards, booms, bowsprit, etc.).

REVERSING - changing the direction of the force of the mechanical mover in the opposite direction

opposite (propeller, water jet).

REGATA is a sailing competition consisting of a series of races for various yachts.

RAIL- 1. A spar tree used to lift a slanting, four-

rectangular, rake sail with a halyard laid behind a rax-yoke. Unlike

from the gaff, the rail goes beyond the mast to the bow. 2. Staysail (jib) - boom. 3. Any thin

and a long spar used for the first time to carry sails on a yacht.

REI - a horizontal spar tree suspended by the middle and serving for

attachment to him direct sails. The signal rail is designed to lift

on it signal flags and signs (figures).

REID - open, coastal part of the water surface, intended for parking

vessels on mooring barrels, buoys or anchors.

RELING - 1. Rigid, metal deck railing in the bow or stern of the yacht.

2. Railings - racks with longitudinal connections, replacing or increasing

bulwark.

TURNIP - a special termination of the end of the cable by weaving strands.

READERS - iron strips superimposed crosswise over the inner lining

or frames to increase the strength of the wooden hull.

REEF - underwater, or located just above the water level, a rock in shallow water.

RIF-BANT - a strip of canvas sewn onto the sail parallel to the leech

to increase its strength at the base of reef seasons (grommets).

REEF-GATS - (eyelets) holes in the sail through which reef seasons are passed.

REEF-SEZNI- see reef-shterns.

RIF-TALIT - hoists for pulling the luff to the yard (boom) when taking reefs.

REEF PENDANT - tackle for pulling the luff or luff to the boom

slanting sail when taking reefs.

REEF-SHTERTS (SHKERTS) - (reef-seasons) short gear based in reef-gates (any-

versah), for tying the sail to the spars (handrail) when taking reefs.

REFIT SAILS - (take, take reefs), reduce the area of ​​\u200b\u200bsails with the help of special

al devices, gear and techniques. See also patent reef.

RICHER - a fully tailored sail made of lightweight fabric with a high clew

angle and a large sickle on the leech. It is put in place of the staysail.

ROMBOVANTS - shrouds passing through the spreaders and fixed at both ends

on the mast. Rombokrkaspitsy, as a rule, fill up a little forward.

ROSTR-BLOCKS - stands for the installation of boats on board the ship.

ROSTRY- 1. A set of spare spars on the ship. 2. A number of beams per sail-

nicknames, based on the wheelhouse, and on the sides on the racks, serve to accommodate

ship boats.

ROULS - a drum rotating on an axis with a groove for a cable, used as part of

bales, hawse, blocks, etc.

CUTTING - a structure on the deck of the yacht, not reaching the sides, with windows, doors, etc.

RUDDER - a structure consisting of a rudder blade, stock and tiller.

RUMB is a unit of flat angle in navigation, equal to 1/32 of a circle (11.25*).

RUMPEL - a lever rigidly fixed in the upper part of the stock, perpendicular to the axis.

RUNDUK - 1. A closed box for personal belongings built into the bunk. 2.Placement on

shore for storage of yacht property.

RUSLEN - a small platform on the outside of the side for fastening the shrouds of the shrouds.

RUSTOV - a chain or cable that holds the anchor by the heel in the retracted position.

RIBINS - wooden slats sewn over the frames to prevent

damage to both the cargo placed in the hold and the sides.

Ryu- 1. Reyok in the Latin sailing armament. 2. The predecessor of the gaff on sailing

ships, when he went ahead of the mast.

RYNDA - a special ringing (in 2 strokes) in the ship's bell. This ringing is used to indicate

niya time (beating bottles).

RYNDA-BULIN - a short cable with a knob at the end, tied to the tongue of the bell.

SALING - a sparing knot in the form of a frame, consisting of longitudinal (long-salings) and

pepper (spreaders) beams, their attachment to the mast (chicks) and serves to divert

bram and sten-shroud.

SVAYKA - a tool for rigging, punching strands when interlacing cables.

LIGHT HATCH - a rectangular hatch in the deck of the yacht, enclosed by a coaming.

SEGARS - rings that freely walk along the mast (gafel) and serve for fastening

luffs of the sail to the spars.

SEZNI - ends for tying (sealing) sails or their parts in assembled form.

SEI-TALIT - hoists based between single-pulley and two-pulley blocks.

SEKSTAN - goniometer reflective type for measuring the heights of heaven

luminaries and angles on the earth's surface.

SKY LIGHT - deck, skylight.

SKEG - enclosing, vertical profile in front of the rudder blade on some yachts.

SKLIZ - the simplest lifting and lowering device with wooden walkways for yachts.

declension - see magnetic declination.

BOTTLES - see rynda.

SKULA - the place of transition from the bottom to the side in the bow of the skin. There are sharp

curvilinear and "broken" cheekbones.

CHICKING KEEL - a rib installed parallel to the DP of the yacht, from the cheekbone to the stern, per-

perpendicular to the skin, to reduce (calm down) pitching.

SLABLIN - a line for attaching a sail (usually a trisel) to a mast or boat sail

SLEMING - vibration of the hull when hitting the bottom of the bow of the yacht

about counter waves.

EQUIPMENT - vegetable, synthetic or steel cable, which has the name and

used for setting, cleaning and managing sails and spars on a yacht.

SNOSS - deviation of the yacht from the course line under the influence of the current. Measured by the angle between

DP of the yacht and the track line, without taking into account wind drift.

SORLIN - cable for lifting the rudder blade, detachable from the stock, or cable (chain),

connecting the rudder blade to the body, in order to avoid losing the rudder if it breaks.

SPINAKER - triangular, isosceles, full cut in lightweight fabric, front

a sail that is set on courses from gulfwind to jibe with windward

angle with a spinnaker boom and a brace. The leeward brace is called a sheet.

SPINAKER-HOE - a shot from the mast to carry the spinnaker's side angle to the wind.

MOLD - connection of two cables of the same thickness.

STAXEL - closest to the mast, front, oblique sail.

STAYSAIL-HOE- see boom.

STANDING ANCHOR - the main anchor given from the bow.

STAR-KNITSA - knitsa connecting the sternpost with the keelson.

MARKING SIGNS - coastal, paired signs of navigation conditions (lighthouses, farms

with shields, pyramids, etc.), designed to indicate the direction, width

fairway, as well as for marking the measuring line.

STEM - stem on wooden ships.

STERNGA - spar, which serves as a continuation of the mast, lifted with the help of

wall-vytrepa and wall-shrouds held from the sides, and behind the wall-forduns.

STEPS - a wooden or metal nest (support) on the keel, in (on) which is placed

mast with his spur.

STOP-ANCHOR - auxiliary, spare anchor, usually laid on the poop.

STOPOR - 1. Device for clamping the running end. 2. Knot (knop) at the end of the tackle, for

preventing it from splashing out of the block (bale).

STANDING RIGGING - see rigging.

STRINGER - a longitudinal element of the ship's hull set. Distinguish bottom, zygomatic,

side and deck stringer (carlings).

SLING - 1. A device made of cables for capturing (girth) and hanging a load from the hook

call. 2. Short end for tying something.

SHIP ROLE - list of crew and passengers with passport data, positions

on the yacht, fixing the time and port of arrival / departure, on the form, which indicates the name

ship and its port of registry.

SHIP NAVIGATION LIGHTS are the main lights to be carried by all ships in

sea: side, top, stern, towing, circular. See lights and signs.

SHDNYA - a portable gangway used for going ashore.

ROAD CALCULATION - calculation of the coordinates and direction of movement of the yacht, taking into account the drift

fa and demolition. Hence the numbered place.

TIDE TABLES - manuals used to determine the moments of onset

and the heights of high and low waters every day, as well as the height of the water level in any

point in time at coastal points.

RIGGING - a set of gear for fastening and controlling the spars and sails.

The rigging is divided into standing - to unfasten the spars (shrouds, backstays, fore-

dunas, stays), and running. The latter, in turn, is divided into a running take-

spars lag (spar halyards, braces, spars sheets, topenants, etc.) and running

sail rigging (sail halyards, nirals, sail sheets, etc.).

TALI - traction, load-lifting device with a manual or mechanical drive,

consisting of two single-pulley blocks (movable and fixed), through which

rye the cable is driven. The presence of one fall in the hoists reduces the applied force

twice. See also grip-tali, sei-tali, gini and lopar.

TALREP - 1. Swivel, consisting of a body into which two steel bars are screwed -

ka with fittings for fastening the tightened elements (tackle, spars, etc.).

2. Eyefers and a cable based between them for fitting standing rigging

TENDER (CUTTER) - a type of Bermuda sailing rig for single-masted yachts carrying

more than one headsail.

TOLBOY - a narrow, wing-shaped sail, which is paired with a reacher on courses 45 * -

120* to the wind, or with a spinnaker on sharp back stays.

TOMBOY - a buoy tied with a thin cable (buyrep) to the anchor trend, to indicate

places to release the anchor and provide the opportunity to lift the buoyrep on board. See buirep.

TOP - the upper end of a vertical spar (mast, flagpole, etc.).

Toplight - shining forward, white fire on the mast, along the ship's DP. See COLREGs 72.

TOPENANT - tackle running rigging, to hold at the right angle to the deck of the detail

spars lei (yards, geeks, etc.).

TOPRIK (TOPREP) - a cable or chain connecting the upper ends of two davits.

TRAVERSE - the position when the bearing to the landmark is perpendicular to the yacht's DP.

PICK - loosen, release or bypass the cable, holding it. Reverse

action is to choose.

TRANSOM - (transom board) flat, cut across the stern of the vessel.

TRANSOM PLATE - a plate hinged under the stern of a planing vessel, as a continuation of its bottom, to adjust the trim and roll.

TRAP - a ladder for communication between rooms on a yacht. Outboard - for lifting from a boat, from the water.

TRAPEZIA - a safety cable from the mast of a racing dinghy, for hanging the crew overboard when heeling (counteracting the wind, heeling moment).

TRAILER - a trailer to a car for transporting yachts, their descent and recovery from the water.

TREND - a knot for connecting the paws and the anchor spindle.

TRIMARAN is a three-hull yacht.

TRISEL - 1.Storm, oblique sail of reduced area, sewn from durable canvas. It is placed instead of the mainsail, with a free lower luff (without a boom).

2. On sailboats, an oblique, quadrangular sail tied to a gaff, boom and mast or to a (thin) trisel mast behind the main one.

CABLE - a rope-rope product made of natural or artificial, fibrous

materials or steel wire.

HOLD - the space in the hull of the yacht between the inner skin and floorboards.

TUZIK - a small boat on a yacht, fixed on the deck.

TURACHKA - drum capstan, windlass.

REVEAL (downwind) - change course so that the angle between the yacht's DP and the direction of the wind increases. DRIFT ANGLE - see drift.

DRIFT ANGLE - see drift.

STRAP - marine knot.

Knot - a unit of speed adopted in navigation, equal to one nautical mile per hour.

WISHBON - a bent boom on both sides of the sail (for example, on a windsurfer).

HANDLING - the ability of the yacht to obey the control of the rudder and sails. It largely depends on the weather and the competent work of the crew.

STABILITY (on course) - the ability of the yacht not to deviate from the main course. Depends on the design features and qualifications of the crew. WHEELS - curved, wooden planks on the heel of a hafel or boom, sheathed in leather and clasping the mast. DUCK - a two-horned plank of small size, for fastening the free end of the cable.

FAL - tackle used to lift individual parts of the spars, sails, flags, etc.

FALIN - a cable attached to the bow or stern eye of the boat.

FULLBOARD - a belt above the deck of the yacht, made as a continuation of the side.

FALSHKIL - 1. A heavy casting or a loaded streamlined cavity attached to the keel to provide (increase) stability. 2. Bars stuffed from below onto the keel beam to protect it from damage on the ground.

FARVATER - safe, in the area of ​​navigational hazards, passage for ships.

FITTING - a fixed metal butt (device) for attaching tackle to it.

FLOOR - the lower part of the frame frame.

FOK- 1. The lowest straight or oblique sail on the foremast. 2. Oblique, triangular

a sail (fore-staysail) hoisted on the fore-stay of a tender, a sloop.

FOC MAST - the front mast on a sailing vessel with three masts or more. On a two-match

In commercial sailboats, the front mast is foremast if it is lower or equal to the rear.

FORDEWIND - 1. The course of the yacht relative to the wind, coinciding with its direction. 2.Po-

gate when the boat crosses the wind line astern while changing tack.

FORDEK - the bow of the deck of the ship.

FORDUNY - 1. Standing rigging, carried from the top of the mast to the sides and aft,

supplementing the backstay and, sometimes, replacing the backstay. 2. Tackle a standing take-

crap, unfastening the topmasts from the sides and aft.

FORPIK - the extreme bow compartment of the vessel.

STEEL-beam along the contour of the bow sharpening of the vessel, rigidly connected to the keel.

CHARACTERISTICS OF FIRE - the nature of the color and change in the glow of the navigational sign.

HVAT-TALIT - hoists, consisting of one-pulley and two-pulley blocks.

WALK (on a yacht) - to be on board a yacht while sailing. See also - on the go.

RUNNING END - see end.

RUNNING LIGHTS - set. the name of the ship's navigational lights on the ship.

SNORING (HRAPTSY) - folding hook of two, located towards each other, gakov.

CENTER OF LATERAL RESISTANCE - point of application of the resultant hydrodynamic

the mechanical forces of water resistance to the lateral drift of the yacht.

BALANCE OF THE YACHT - reduction of the horizontal distance between the center of sail and the center of lateral resistance of the yacht. A CYCLONE is an extensive air vortex around an area of ​​low pressure, moving counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere). H

CHIKSTAY - a device (waist) for adjusting the tension of backstays (forduns), when bringing together more than one backstay into one gear near the deck. CHICKS - attachments in the form of short bars on the mast, to support long-salings.

SHVARTOV - a cable (mooring cable) designed to secure the yacht at the berth

or on board another ship. They are divided into longitudinal, clamping and springs.

MOORING - a set of actions to approach and secure the yacht to the mooring place.

MOORING DEVICE - spiers, bollards, fairleads, views and other equipment intended for mooring. DOCKLET - a device in the form of a fin that retracts into the yacht's hull (daggerboard well) and provides stability and drift reduction in the lowered position. SHVERTBOT - a shallow-draft yacht with a daggerboard and a lifting, hinged rudder.

SHVERTS - skewers hung from the sides of the yacht.

SHIRSTREK - the upper belt of the outer skin.

A PENDANT is a short, soft cable with an eye, a thimble or a block at the end, designed to lift loads. SHKERT (SHTERT) - a short and thin cable for auxiliary work.

SHKIMUSHGAR - single-strand hemp line.

SKOT - tackle, fixed to the lower corner of the straight or lower rear corner of the oblique sail (clew) and carried in the direction to the stern of the vessel. The sheet holds the luff of the sail in the desired position. For boom-sheets, hoists are equipped, allowing you to set the boom at the right angle to the wind.

HOSE - one full turn of the cable around something.

SHLATGTOV - a steel beam inserted into the spur of the topmast to hold it in place.

SLIP - a type of Bermuda sailing armament of single-masted yachts with one front sail - a staysail (foca staysail). SLIP-BEAMS - a device in the form of two beams with a mechanism for hanging, holding and lowering the boat overboard. FRAME - the main curved beam of the transverse set, the basis for sheathing.

Spacing - the distance between the frames. Distinguish between constructive and theoretical.

SPIGAT - a hole for the free flow of water in a horizontal plane.

SPILE - a large gate with a vertical axis, for choosing an anchor chain and mooring lines.

SPOR - the lower end of any vertical spar, as well as the inner end of the bowsprit. SPRING - longitudinal moorings from the bow to the stern or from the stern to the bow.

SHPRINTOV (SHPRINT) - a rail that stretches diagonally a quadrangular, sprint, oblique sail. SPRIT-BUCKEN - buoyancy milestones.

SPRUYT - a cable guy that carries the load to two or more points.

sheet piling BELT - belt hull plating adjacent to the keel.

STAG - standing rigging tackle, located in the DP of the yacht and unfastening the mast from the bow. On yachts, the lowest stay is the main one coming from the top of the mast - the top stay, between them are intermediate stays. If the stay is used to set a sail, then it is named after the name of the sail. Step connecting the tops

masts, is called a stay-carnag. See also backstay.

STAG-PIRS - profile with lippaz (for staysail lyktros), covering the stay.

STEVNI-stem and sternpost.

STERT - see sketr.

STOCK - a rod across the anchor spindle.

WHEEL - a course control body in the form of a wheel connected to the steering wheel.

STURTROS - a steel cable (chain) that serves to transfer force from the steering wheel to the steering wheel.

Bayonet - an element of a sea knot.

schooner - a sailing vessel with slanting armament and two or more masts. On two-masted schooners, the front mast is equal to or lower than the rear.

EZELGOFT - a forged wooden piece or forging for fastening two spar trees, has two holes - a quadrangular and a round one. With a quadrangular shape, it is put on the top or leg of a spar tree, and a round one is used to pass an additional tree. (mast - topmast, bowsprit - jib, etc.).

ERNST-BACKSHTAGI - tackle for holding the gaff by the kick (from the sides and to the stern).

ESTUARY - a bay at the mouth of a river, in the area of ​​tidal currents.

YUT - superstructure in the stern. On yachts, poop is called the aft part of the deck.

UFERS - a round, wooden block without a pulley, with three through holes, for wiring lanyard falls.

ANCHOR LIGHTS - (white, circular), ship's distinctive lights at the anchorage.

YAL is a multi-oared (more than two) boat of the navy.

YACHT - a vessel for recreation (sailing or motor), without tonnage restrictions.

The upper luff of which is laced to the gaff, and the lower one is stretched along the boom with a mizzen sheet; 2) the lower straight sail, placed on the begin-yard of the mizzen-mast.
The word "mizzen" is added to the names of all parts of the spars, rigging and sails attached to the mizzen mast. The exception is the lower yard, when the mizzen, in addition to the oblique sail, has straight sails. Then the rai will be called "begin-rai", and the word "cruise" is added to the spars located above the mars platform and on the topmasts.

1. ) A vessel anchored at the entrance to a roadstead, harbor or channel. Designed to perform guard duties, regulate and record the movement of floating objects and monitor their compliance with customs, quarantine, offshore and other rules.
2. ) A post on the shore or on a ship to monitor fire safety in the port area.
3. ) Non-self-propelled vessel with accommodation, designed for temporary or permanent accommodation of geological parties, crews of dredgers, workers of floating docks and workshops, for accommodation of crews of vessels during the inter-navigation or repair period.

• Brandskugel(from him. brand- fire, Kugel- core) - an incendiary projectile of naval smooth-bore artillery. It consisted of a hollow cast-iron core with holes filled with an incendiary composition. It was used from the middle of the XVIII to the second half of the XIX century.
• Bras- tackle of running rigging, which serves to turn the yard in a horizontal plane (brasop the yard).
• Windlass- the machine for lifting the anchor, unlike the capstan, has a horizontal shaft.
• Braid pennant- a wide short pennant raised on the mainmast by the commanders of formations, divisions and commanders of ship detachments.
• Brig- a two-masted sailing ship with straight sails. They were used for sentinel, messenger and cruising services. Displacement 200-400 tons, armament 10-24 guns. Crew up to 120 people.
• Brigadier- military rank, middle between colonel and general. In Russia, it was introduced by Peter I, abolished by Emperor Paul I.
• Brigantine(Italian brigantino): 1) Two-masted sailing ship of the 18th-19th centuries. with straight sails on the front (fore) and with slanting on the back (main) mast. Armament 6-8 guns. 2) In the Russian fleet of the XVIII century. - a sailing and rowing vessel for the transport of goods and troops.
• Battleship- a ship of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries with powerful artillery weapons and strong armor protection. Coastal defense battleships were intended for combat operations in coastal areas. The squadron battleship was intended for naval combat as part of a squadron as the main strike force of the Fleet.
• Throwing end- a line having at one end a canvas bag (weight) stuffed with sand and braided on top. With the help of the throwing end, mooring cables are fed to the pier (or from the pier to the ship). Currently commonly referred to as ejection.
• brukanets- a sleeve made of dense fabric (canvas, tarpaulin), covering the mast in the deck area. The upper part of the trouser is attached to the mast with a yoke or a cable clamp, the lower part is nailed to the deck. The purpose of the bryukants is to prevent water flowing down the mast during rain from entering the hold.
• Broching- sharp turns (throws) of the yacht to the windward side, which cannot be controlled.
• Yoke- a flat metal ring used to fasten parts of the rigging to the spars.
• Yoke with butts- a steel ring with tides having holes, put on (stuffed) on a mast or yard to strengthen it with guys or to connect the components (mast, yard).
• Buyrep- a cable attached to the anchor and equipped with a wooden or metal float (tomb buoy), which indicates the location of the anchor on the ground.
• Tow- 1) Cable, with the help of which ships are towed; 2) A towing vessel designed to tow other vessels.
• towed mine- a type of mine weapon that was used at the end of the 19th century. Unlike minefields (bottom, anchor, floating, etc.), a towed mine was an active attack weapon - it was secretly (at night) delivered to an enemy ship using a small vessel (mine boat, destroyer), which, maneuvering , wound it under the hull of the attacked ship, and was blown up with the help of an electric fuse.
• Bowline- tackle, which is used to pull the windward leech of the lower direct sail.
• Bowsprit- spars, fixed on the bow of the ship in the diametrical plane horizontally or at some angle to the horizontal plane. Standing rigging of the front mast topmast, as well as rigging of slanting sails - jibs, is attached to the bowsprit.
• Bull-pride- tackle of the running rigging of the vessel, with the help of which, when cleaning the sails, the lower luff of the direct sail is pulled up to the yard.

AT

• Guys(dutch. want) - tackle of standing ship rigging. They are made of steel or hemp cable and serve to strengthen the mast, being braces to the board.
• Vant Putens- iron chains or strips, the lower end of which is attached from the outside to the side of the vessel, and the upper end is laid behind the lower yufers. Not to be confused with putens guys.
• Water backstay- gear of the standing rigging of the bowsprit, unfastening it in a horizontal plane, going to both sides of the vessel.
• waterweiss- thick wooden beams of deck flooring, running along the sides along the entire vessel. Serve for longitudinal fastening of the vessel and water flow. On modern ships, a gutter running along the upper deck along the sides, along which water flows overboard through the scuppers.
• water wooling- bowsprit mount with stem. In the old sailing fleet, cable or chain were made. On modern sailing ships, they are replaced by iron yokes and brackets.
• Waterline (English) waterline ) - the line of contact of a calm water surface with the hull of a floating vessel.
• Water stays- standing rigging of the bowsprit, holding it from below.
• whaleboat (Dutch walboot)- a narrow long boat with a sharp bow and stern. The name comes from the original type of boat used by whalers.
• Verp- an auxiliary ship anchor of a smaller mass than the anchor, which serves to remove the ship from the shoal by bringing it in on boats.
• Anchor spindle- a massive rod, to the lower part of which are attached the horns of an Admiralty anchor or retractable paws.
• Shipyard (Dutch werft)- a place for the construction of ships.
• take the reefs- reduce the area of ​​the sail: folding it from below and tying the folded part with reef-shingles for oblique and boat sails; picking up the sail up and grabbing it with reef seasons to the railing on the yard at the straight lines.
• windjammer (Dutch vind jamer)- wind blower. A sailboat that is a development of the tea clippers. It absorbed all the best achievements of technology of the 19th-20th centuries: it had a steel hull with characteristic contours, a steel spar. According to the type of sailing armament, a barque or a ship. The number of tiers of sails is up to seven. The number of masts is from five to seven. Successfully competed with steamships until the 30s of the XX century. Many windjammers are still walking today. One of them is a training sailboat barque "Sedov".
• Displacement- the weight of the ship in tons, that is, the amount of water displaced by a floating ship; characteristics of the size of the vessel.
• Choose the slack in the cable- tighten the tackle so that it does not sag.
• Vyblenki- segments of a thin cable tied across the shrouds and acting as steps when climbing along the shrouds to the masts and topmasts.
• ejection- a conductor (30-50 m long) with a load at one end, to supply mooring lines to another vessel or to a berth manually.
• Vymbovka- a wooden lever used to rotate the spire manually.
• Pennant (Dutch wimpel)- a long, narrow, pigtailed flag hoisted from the mast of a warship in campaign.
• Shot- a horizontally located spar suspended above the water perpendicular to the ship's side. The shot is designed for fastening boats, as well as for boarding ship crew members in boats.

G

gemam- sailing and rowing frigate of the Swedish fleet. Armament: 18-32 guns.

Long saling- two wooden longitudinal beams attached to the bottom of the top of the mast or topmast and interconnected by spreaders and chiks. They serve as the basis of mars or saling.

Lapp- a cable based between blocks or lufers.

Patch- a device for temporary repair of damages in the underwater part of the ship's hull. It could be made from several layers of waterproof impregnation canvas or from several layers of boards with a canvas lining.

Rybiny- wooden boards made of slats, which are laid on the bottom of the boat in order to protect the skin from damage by feet.

Top- the upper end of any vertical spars, such as masts, topmasts, flagpoles.

ABGALDIR. A short piece of chain or cable with a hook (hook) at the end or an iron bar with a handle and also with a hook. Serves to work with the anchor chain (pull it along the deck, pull it out of the chain box, and so on). In addition, the name abgaldyr has a tackle for stretching the upper luff of the lower liesel (under-liesel) along the yard. Do not confuse. Imagine what happens if you start stretching the under fox with a chain abgaldir with a hook!

ANKEROC. Not a single marine dictionary can do without this word. And everywhere it is reported that this is a small flat barrel for storing drinking water. But almost nowhere is it written that anchors were the favorite dishes of pirates and other sea vagrants. Directly from the anchorages, these ill-mannered individuals, throwing back their heads, drank rum. Drinking rum is very harmful, so the old-style pirates (one-legged, one-eyed and with crooked boarding daggers) appeared on the seas. In our time, there are pirates of a modern sense - on fast motorized ships and with machine guns. But they, according to rumors, do not abuse rum. Firstly, rum is not the same as before, and secondly, today's gentlemen of fortune adhere to the principle: do not drink at work.

APPARELTZ- a composite platform designed for the entry of various vehicles independently or with the help of special tractors from the shore to one of the ship's decks.

AHTERPICK. Extreme aft compartment, at the very sternpost. Usually used to load ballast in the stern. It is not difficult to guess that, in addition to the afterpeak, the ship also has a forp and c.

APA (Advance Provisioning Allowance)) - a deposit paid when renting a yacht in advance, before the yacht goes to sea. After the end of the charter, all actual expenses according to the captain's account will be deducted from the APA deposit. Unused funds are returned, for overspending, in turn, an additional payment is made.

B

Gaff. A small pole with an iron tip, on which, in addition to the tip, there is also a hook. The gaff serves to push or hold the ship when leaving or approaching the berth or another ship. And also - for pulling out any lost items from the bottom. Slava Vorobyov once even fished out sunken goggles with a hook, although it was very difficult.

BACKBOARD The left side of the ship. In order not to delay the matter until the letter Ш, let's say right away: the starboard side is called the starboard. Do not forget that the ship carries a red light on the backboard, and a green one on the starboard.

BOATSWAIN. Translated from the Dutch language - "ship man". That is, the one who is responsible on the ship for the entire economy: for the serviceability of the hull, spars, rigging, sails, and so on. The boatswain is in charge of anchor, mooring, towing devices, life-saving equipment, special equipment on fishing vessels. The boatswain distributes work among the sailors, teaches sailor wisdom to beginners and trainees. Good boatswains often possess such intricacies of ship knowledge and work that captains can envy them.

BUOY. Floating barrel (or ball, or other hollow device). It is installed at anchor and usually serves to protect hazards in open sea areas (shoals, sunken ships, and so on). Depending on their tasks, the buoys have different colors. Sometimes they are equipped with devices for lighting, fog signals and various decals.
A small buoy is called a buoy. Buoys, for example, protect the permitted swimming areas near the beaches. Prying behind the buoys is highly discouraged, even if you are a record swimmer.
COMPASS
1. (French boussole), a geodetic instrument for measuring horizontal angles between the magnetic meridian and the direction of any object. The main parts of B. are a rotating magnetic needle, a ring with degree divisions and diopters or an optical tube for aiming at an object. B. is used when carrying out topographic and geodetic work, for orienting the tablet and determining the declination of the magnetic needle, for performing topographic binding of elements of the battle formation of troops. For artillery fire control, target designation, study of the terrain and targets, and also for observation during firing, artillery guns are used (fig.), which can be used from behind cover. For mine surveying and for orienting mine workings that are inaccessible to other surveys, a suspended surveyor is used; more accurate B. - box-shaped, mirror, autocollimation.
2., separates Simushir Island from the Black Brothers Islands and Broughton Island. Connects the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and Pacific Ocean. One of the largest straits of the Kuril chain. Of the total cross sections of all the straits of the Kuril Islands, 43.3% falls on this strait.
The length is about 30 km. The minimum width is 68 km. The maximum depth is 2225 m. The coast is steep and rocky.
The salinity of the water in the strait ranges from 33.1 to 34.5 ppm. The cross-sectional area of ​​the strait is 83.83 km².
A shoal with a depth of about 515 m stands out in the strait. Constant currents at depth follow from the Sea of ​​Okhotsk to the Pacific Ocean, on the surface in the opposite direction.
The average tide along the shores of the strait is 1.0 m.
The strait was named by the French navigator Jean-Francois de La Perouse in 1787 in honor of the frigate Bussole, on which he traveled.
The shores of the strait are not inhabited. The strait is located in the water area of ​​the Sakhalin Region.

B

WATCH. Duty on the ship and coast stations. Typically, a ship's day is divided into six watches, four hours each. Among them, the most difficult is the "dog watch", it lasts from midnight to four o'clock, when you really want to sleep. And try to sleep on the watch ...

SHIP DISPLACEMENT. The amount of water displaced by a ship that is afloat. And it displaces exactly as many tons and kilograms as it weighs itself - according to the well-known law of Archimedes. In other words, this is the weight that the ship has. Of course, the displacement of an empty and loaded vessel is different. Gross displacement is the sum of the empty displacement and the deadweight (see "Capacity").
Distinguish volumetric and massive displacement. According to the state of the load of the ship, they distinguish standard, normal, complete,largest, empty displacement.
For submarines, there are underwater displacement and surface displacement.
You can conduct an experiment - determine your own displacement. To do this, fill the bath to the very brim and climb into it so that only your head sticks out (do not choke!). The water that spilled over the edge will be equal to your displacement when you swim. True, it is difficult to collect this water from the floor for weighing. Beware also that the experience is not interrupted by parents who are not prone to sea romance.

PENNANT. A long narrow flag with pigtails or a triangular shape. Pennants have different colors and different purposes. In the navy, for example, a pennant raised on a ship means that this ship is ready to perform its task. That is, he takes part in the campaign. Therefore, if they say that there were twenty pennants in a battle or campaign, then twenty ships participated there.
There are also pennants of officials, shipping companies, various departments and organizations. Do not forget that there are pennants in the MSS.

G

HARBOR. Part of the raid, more or less protected from wind and waves. The harbor must be deep enough for ships to moor close to the shore.

GAKABORT. The upper (usually rounded) part of the aft end of the vessel. On ancient ships, the tack was decorated with carvings, and sometimes with sculptures. Faceted ship lanterns were also strengthened there - also very beautiful.

HALLYUN. Toilet on the ship. On sailing ships, a bow overhang is called a latrine, where the decoration was installed. The place is beautiful, but it was there that the institution where the sailors ran on urgent business was also located.

HARPOON. Weapons for hunting marine animals. Ostrog, spear or dart on a long line. Harpoons were thrown by hand or fired from a harpoon cannon. A weakly reinforced tip stuck in the victim, fell off the shaft, and it floated up - indicating the place where the unfortunate whale or dolphin dived. It's good that such hunting is more and more often in different countries a ban is imposed. Let's hope that soon the harpoons will be preserved only in maritime museums.

Vessel LOADING CAPACITY. This is the same mass of cargo that the ship is designed to carry. Distinguish between full load capacity and h and with t y. Full is called "deadweight" (do not confuse with "deadwood"). This is absolutely all the cargo (including people) that the ship can take. And clean (or useful) cargo refers to what the ship transports from port to port: goods, passengers, water and food supplies for them. On fishing vessels, this is caught fish and other marine prey ...

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WATCH MAGAZINE. A book in which all the events taking place on the ship are recorded regularly and in order on warships. This is a very important document. There are similar magazines on civilian ships, only they are called differently - ship magazines. In addition, there are special logs on ships and ships where they record data on observations of machines, instruments and navigational conditions: a compass log, a chronometric log, an engine log, a navigation log, and so on ...

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b (soft sign)

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