Presentation on the theme "Madagascar". Madagascar General characteristics The Republic of Madagascar is an island nation located in southeastern Africa.

Madagascar Completed by: Popp Gabriella 29 gr. general characteristics The Republic of Madagascar is an island nation located in southeastern Africa. Madagascar is separated from Africa by the Mozambique Channel. The capital of the republic is the city of Antananarivo with a population of about one and a half million people. The territory of the state occupies 596 thousand square kilometers. The Republic of Madagascar is subdivided into 6 provinces. The country has two official languages, Malagasy and French. The main religions in the republic are Christianity and Islam. The currency in Madagascar is the Malagasy franc. Climate One third of the territory of the Republic of Madagascar captures the highlands. The highest point is Marumukutru peak and it is equal to 2876 meters. East coast occupied by the coastal lowland, and west coast- low plains. Among the minerals of the island you can find bauxite, graphite, iron, gold, limestone, quartz, cobalt, monazite, nickel, niobium, rubies, etc. The climate of the Republic of Madagascar is tropical. The average monthly air temperature in the lowlands ranges from plus 20 to 30 degrees Celsius, in the highlands the temperature ranges from 13 to 20 degrees Celsius. The amount of precipitation per year is from 1000 to 1500 millimeters. Note also that on east coast cyclones occur quite often. There are many rivers flowing on this island. Government Madagascar is a republic. There is a constitution that was adopted in 1992, as amended in 1998. The head of state and commander in chief is the president, who is elected by popular vote for a term of 5 years. The bicameral parliament consists of the Senate elected for 4 years and the National Assembly. . Coat of arms Flag Incumbent President Economy Madagascar is among the least developed countries in the world. About 75 percent of Madagascar's residents qualify as poor. The share of agriculture in the Gross Domestic Product is 34.5 percent. The main crops are: rice, bananas, corn, cassava and sweet potatoes. Animal husbandry and poultry farming are developed only for domestic consumption. Fishing is of industrial importance. . The mining industry is underdeveloped. The paper, woodworking, leather, furniture, brewing, tobacco and textile industries are being developed. Factories for the production of agricultural machinery, mineral fertilizers and cement, as well as enterprises for the manufacture of medicines, soap and glass, are actively operating. Development transport system complicates the mountainous nature of the terrain and strong cyclones. Cumulative length railways is equal to 893 kilometers, and automobile - 49.84 thousand kilometers. Ethnic composition Malagasy is an ethnic group that forms the main population of Madagascar. They speak Malagasy (Malgash), which belongs to the Indonesian group of the Austronesian language family. The total population is about 20 million people. The self-name goes back to the adjective from the word "Madagascar", thus, Malagasy is "Madagascar" in the Malagasy language, which in turn also means "Madagascar". Tourism In terms of tourism, the western coast of the island is the most developed, while sharks are more likely to appear on the east coast. Nosy Be is the most popular beach resort in Madagascar. It is located 159 km southwest of the capital. Nosy Be area - 321 sq. km. Tourists love this island for its fun atmosphere - there are many restaurants and nightclubs, as well as for the calm coastal waters and clean beaches. The most popular beaches of Nosy Be are Andilana (in the north of the island), the beaches of the nearby coral islands of Tsarabanina, Ankarea, Nosy Coba and Nosy Iranya. Coral reefs stretch in the coastal waters of Madagascar, which are very popular among divers. Diving is best here from April to August. Underwater visibility all year round is 10-30 m. The most interesting dive sites of Madagascar are located in the vicinity of the island of Nosy Be. The main dive centers of the island are located in the Ambatoloaka area. local marine park Nosy Tanikeli is a paradise for diving enthusiasts. The diving depth in the park reaches 18 m, the underwater world is represented by turtles, octopuses, stingrays, parrot fish, clownfish and groupers. In Madagascar, hiking in the reserves and parks of the country is very popular. There are many routes of various difficulty levels created here. In the Andringitra National Park in the east of Madagascar, the second and third highest peaks of the island are located, to which hiking trails lead through the forests. national park Mount Amberg has a network of routes with a total length of 20 km. Isalu National Park, with its erosional landforms, is often compared to the Grand Canyon. The central plateau of the island is interesting with long mountain ranges and vast areas of flattened plateaus, wide valleys and an abundance of lakes. African, Asian and European cultures are mixed in the cities of Madagascar. Here you can see buildings made in the French style, colorful bustling markets and craft centers. The landscapes, flora and fauna of Madagascar are no less interesting, so tourists are offered numerous excursions to the protected areas of the island.

MADAGASCAR

Performed by students of grade 11 "B" Balueva Anastasia and Baraulya Daria

Introduction

This place allows you to combine relaxing beach holiday with the opportunity to see amazing landscapes, unique plants and animals with your own eyes.

The uniqueness of the natural wealth of Madagascar is not at all exaggerated: you will not find a significant part of the representatives of the local flora and fauna anywhere else in the world.

Coat of arms, Flag, Anthem.

The anthem of Madagascar was written in 1958 and exists in 2 languages: Malagasy and French
Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô Ry Madagasikara soa…

Geography of the location

Madagascar is an island off the southeast coast of Africa. Its entire territory, 587 thousand square kilometers, is occupied by the state of the same name with the capital Antananarivo.

Form of government. Head of state.

Form of government: parliamentary republic
President: Eri Radzaunarimampianina

Natural resources

The main minerals and natural resources of Madagascar: graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sand, gems, mica, fish.

Population (as of 2010)

21281844 people
Birth rate: 38 births per 1000 inhabitants
Urbanization: urban population: 29% of total population (2008)
urbanization growth: +3.8% per year
Sex ratio 1:1
State languages: English, French, Malagasy

Branches of the economy

The main agricultural products of Madagascar are: coffee, vanillin, cane sugar, cloves, cocoa, paddy rice, cassava, legumes, bananas, peanuts.

Industries

The main types of industry (industry) of Madagascar: meat, soap production, brewing, leather, sugar, textile, glass, cement, car assembly, pulp, oil production, tourism.

TOURISM

Tourism in Madagascar is one of the main sources of economic growth in the country.

Ecotourism

The island of Madagascar is widely known in the world as a place of a huge accumulation of endemic species (about 80% of the total species composition) of the animal and flora. The exceptionally rich and diverse flora and fauna of the island attract not only numerous scientists, but also tourists from all over the world.

Among the endemics of Madagascar are: lemurs, mungos, civets, nezomyids, fosses, radiant and spider turtles, rakshas, shepherd partridges, various lizards, spiders, bats and many other amazing creatures.

Resorts are located all over greater Madagascar, but in general it is believed that it is better to relax on the west coast, where there are much fewer sharks than on the east. All the beaches of the country can boast of magnificent landscapes, large light sand, beautiful transparent ocean.

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Presentation on the topic: Madagascar

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State symbols Madagascar - a state in the western part indian ocean, on the island of Madagascar and adjacent small islands. Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world, its flora and fauna contains five percent of the world's animal and plant species, 80% of which exist only in Madagascar. The most famous of them are lemurs. Madagascar and Mauritania are the only countries in the world that do not use a decimal currency.

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Antananarivo, "the city of ten thousand warriors", spreads out on the sacred hills of Imerina, the Central Highlands. Between the hills lies a picturesque lake. The entire population (about 1.5 million inhabitants) lives in one-three-story houses, reminiscent of medieval buildings. European city is a legacy of French colonization. Antananarivo is a red city. The walls and roofs of the buildings are made of either brick or red clay. Bridge cities are paved with large cobblestones, narrow streets wind imperceptibly.

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The first visit to Madagascar by a European occurred in 1500, when the ship of the Portuguese traveler Diogo Dias, bound for India, deviated from the course and landed on the island. In light of the important geographical location Madagascar for the spice merchants who circled the whole of Africa, France and Britain tried to establish their outposts on the island. However, the inhospitable climate and even less hospitable natives made this task almost impossible.

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The climate of the island is formed by the southeast trade wind and the South Indian anticyclone. The island has three climate zones: a tropical monsoon climate on the east coast, a temperate maritime climate in the central highlands, and an arid desert climate on the southern tip of the island. West Coast noticeably drier than the eastern one, as the trade winds lose moisture on the eastern coast and central highlands. Typical annual rainfall: 350 cm for south coast, 140 cm for the central highlands (in this case, for the capital of the country - Antananarivo), 32 cm in the south of the island, on the border with the desert.

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Malagasy is an ethnic group that forms the main population of Madagascar. They speak Malagasy (Malgash), which belongs to the Indonesian group of the Austronesian language family. The total population is about 20 million people. The self-name goes back to the adjective from the word "Madagascar", thus, Malagasy is "Madagascar" in the Malagasy language, which in turn also means "Madagascar".

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About 45% of the population professes Christianity, Catholicism or Protestantism. Most believers are trying to combine the cult of ancestors with Christian traditions. So, for example, not all Christians give up the practice of famidahan, especially for Catholics. Pastors from the Catholic Church may even come to the ceremony and bless the participants. The Protestant Church, on the other hand, has a very negative attitude towards the practice of the cult of ancestors and calls on its flock to abandon the "worship of the Devil." The Christian Church in Madagascar is a fairly influential political institution.

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Madagascar predators are an endemic family of mammalian predators closely related to mongooses and numbering 8 species. The family is divided into two subfamilies: mungo (lat. Galidiinae) and Malagasy civet (lat. Euplerinae). Previously, an extinct species of giant fossa (lat. Cryptoprocta spelea) existed on the island, hunting giant lemurs, however, due to the extermination of lemurs by humans, the giant fossa also died out, having lost its food supply.

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Capital of Madagascar-Antananarivo

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Climate

The climate of the island is formed by the southeast trade wind and the South Indian anticyclone.

Tropical, with hot and rainy summers (November-April) and cooler and drier winters (May-October)

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Flora

The flora on the island of Madagascar attracts with a fairly high rate of accumulation of endemics

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Fauna

Madagascar, located in East Africa, is home to various rare animals.

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Waterfall - "Lily"

There is a legend associated with this waterfall. 40 years ago a foreigner lived in the village, he had his own field. And there was a daughter named Lily. One day the girl went to the river to bathe and did not return. Although Lily was searched throughout the village, she was never found. Most likely, the fast currents carried it away. Then the villagers decided to name the waterfall "Lily" in memory of the girl. And the river that leads to the waterfall is also now called Lily.

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Lake Alautra

The Maninguri River originates from Lake Alautra.

It is located in the northeast of the island of Madagascar in the province of Toamasina.

Most big lake in Madagascar

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River Becibuka

The Becibuka River flows near the city of Maevatanana. The water dust from the overthrow of its waters from the narrow shafts rises much higher than the tallest trees. And the waters have an unusual reddish color.

Many believe that the red-brown color of the waters of this river is a sign of an environmental disaster.

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Population

Number - 20 042 552 people.

The main national wealth of Madagascar is children. Their absence is a great misfortune for the family, since no one will perform the necessary rituals over the remains of a childless person.

All residents of Madagascar speak related dialects of the Malagasy language, which is close in vocabulary and grammar to the languages of the population of Western Indonesia.

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Cuisine of Madagascar

The cuisine of Madagascar mainly consists of rice dishes (vari) with a side dish (lauca). In the south, rice is sometimes replaced with crushed dried corn. The culinary traditions of France, China and India, and to a lesser extent East African, coupled with Arabic, had a significant influence on Malagasy cuisine.

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State symbols Madagascar is a state in the western part of the Indian Ocean, on the island of Madagascar and adjacent small islands. Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world, its flora and fauna contains five percent of the world's animal and plant species, 80% of which exist only in Madagascar. The most famous of them are lemurs. Madagascar and Mauritania are the only countries in the world that do not use a decimal currency.

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Geographical position Madagascar is a state on the island of the same name off the east coast of Africa. Area - 587 thousand km², population - 18.4 million people. (2005 UN est.). Capital - Antananarivo

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Antananarivo, "the city of ten thousand warriors", spreads out on the sacred hills of Imerina, the Central Highlands. Between the hills lies a picturesque lake. The entire population (about 1.5 million inhabitants) lives in one-three-story houses, reminiscent of the buildings of a medieval European city - this is the legacy of French colonization. Antananarivo is a red city. The walls and roofs of the buildings are made of either brick or red clay. Bridge cities are paved with large cobblestones, narrow streets wind imperceptibly.

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The first visit to Madagascar by a European occurred in 1500, when the ship of the Portuguese traveler Diogo Dias, bound for India, deviated from the course and landed on the island. In light of the important geographical position of Madagascar for the spice merchants who skirted the whole of Africa, France and Britain tried to establish their outposts on the island. However, the inhospitable climate and even less hospitable natives made this task almost impossible.

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The climate of the island is formed by the southeast trade wind and the South Indian anticyclone. The island has three climate zones: a tropical monsoon climate on the east coast, a temperate maritime climate in the central highlands, and an arid desert climate on the southern tip of the island. The west coast is noticeably drier than the east coast, as the trade winds lose moisture on the east coast and central highlands. Typical annual precipitation rates: 350 cm for the southern coast, 140 cm for the central highlands (in this case, for the capital of the country - Antananarivo), 32 cm in the south of the island, on the border with the desert.

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The Malagasy currency is the ariary. Main article: Economy of Madagascar Benefits: Diversified agriculture: vanilla, coffee, cloves. Oil and gas. Shrimps. Reading working population. Chromium. Factories. Weak sides: Chaos in 2002 rocked the economy. Competition with cheaper vanilla exporters. Threat of droughts and tornadoes. It cannot fully provide itself with the main food product - rice.

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