Seven Wonders of Ancient Greece. Presentation on the topic "Ancient Greek Wonders of the World" of the Olympic Games in Greece
Theme: Seven wonders of the world of antiquity
Municipal budgetary educational institution Sadovskaya secondary school
MHC. Grade 7 Compiled by the teacher of Russian language and literature Efimova N.V.
Homework check: What is art? What are the types of art? What are the means of expression in literature? In music? In painting? What is an ideal? The ideal of a person in different eras? And what is the ideal in our time? What should be the ideal person in your opinion? What qualities would you choose for an ideal person?
I saw your walls, Babylon, on which it is spacious And for chariots; I saw Zeus in Olympia, The miracle of the hanging gardens of Babylon, the colossus of Helios, And the pyramids - the work of many and hard works; Enai Mausolus a huge tomb. But as soon as I saw the chamber of Artemis, which lifted the roof to the clouds, Everything else faded before him; outside the limits of Olympus. The sun does not see beauty equal to it anywhere. Antipater of Sidon (II-I centuries BC)
Art is a "mirror". Look into it - and you will see yourself, people, their era. Long ago in a small country on the shore mediterranean sea, in ancient Greece, people got together and started talking about amazing countries and distant cities and about the "seven wonders of the world." Seven wonders of the world - so called famous in antiquity architectural structures and statues. Thousands of years separate us from those distant times.
Miracles are scattered throughout the earthly world: 1. Pyramids - Egypt 2. Hanging Gardens - Babylon 3. Statue of Zeus - Greece 4. Temple of Artemis - Ephesus (modern Turkey) 5. Tomb of Mausolus - Halicarnassus (southwest Turkey) 6. Colossus of Rhodes - an island in the Mediterranean Sea (Greece) 7. Lighthouse in Alexandria - Pharos Island (Egypt)
The ancient Greeks loved to travel and talk about what they saw in distant lands. One such traveler was a certain Philo, who lived in the 4th-3rd centuries. BC e. You and I have the opportunity to get acquainted with the first page of Philo's diary, where he describes the seven wonders of the World he saw.
Egyptian Pyramid of Cheops at Giza
2550 BC e. Tomb of Pharaoh Cheops Height - 147 m Area - 230x230 m (more than 54000 m2) The only "miracle" that has survived to us
Everything in the world is afraid of time, but time itself is afraid of the pyramids. Arabic proverb
Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
600 BC e. Created for the wife of King Nebuchadnezzar II. Destroyed by an earthquake (after the 1st century BC)
It is impossible to go back there and it is impossible to tell how this Garden of Eden was overflowing with bliss. Arseny Tarkovsky
Statue of Zeus in Olympia (Greece)
435 BC, sculptor Phidias Temple statue in the temple of Zeus in Olympia Height - about 12 m Burned in Constantinople during a fire at the Hippodrome of the 5th-6th centuries.
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus (Turkey)
550 BC e. Built in honor of the goddess Artemis Width - 51 m Length - 105 m. It consisted of 127 columns 8 m high. In 356 BC. burned by Herostratus
Archaeological excavations in Ephesus. Layers of silt several meters thick cover the ruins of the Temple of Artemis.
The many-breasted Artemis of Ephesus (a copy of the statue of their memory)
Mausoleum of Mausolus in Halicarnassus (Turkey)
351 BC e. It was erected as a tombstone of the Carian ruler Mausolus by his wife, Queen Artemisia. The total height of the mausoleum is 49 m. It was destroyed by an earthquake in 1494.
The ruins of the mausoleum today
Colossus of Rhodes (Greece)
290 BC, sculptor Charesom Installed to commemorate the victory of Rhodes over Demetrius (304 BC) Height - about 36 m. Destroyed by an earthquake in 225. BC. (bronze case dismantled 654 AD)
Alexandrian lighthouse(Egypt)
3rd century BC e. The light of the lighthouse showed the way to the ships entering the harbor. Height - 135 m. Destroyed by an earthquake in 796. AD (stood approx. 1000 years)
Of the 7 beautiful creations, only the Pyramids have come down to us. The rest was not spared by time, but saved memory. In the days of classical antiquity, people were fascinated by the seven wonders of the world, but now they are much more known. The wonders of the world include the Great Wall of China, the Colosseum in Rome and much more. Amazing creations of human hands are fraught with many secrets and mysteries.
The Great Wall of China (near Beijing) III century BC -1644
Coliseum. Italy. Rome. 72-80s AD
Practical work. The Seven Wonders of the World are (what?) monuments of culture.
Consolidation of the material In the lesson, we traveled around to the ancient world. What countries have we visited? Which wonder of the world do you remember the most? Why is it? What would you add as the eighth wonder of the world?
Literature Lurkmore.to/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81_%D1% 81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0 Wikipedia - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C_%D1% 87%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0
The work was done by Julia Novozhilova
ancient world
Content
- HISTORY OF ORIGIN.
- THE PYRAMID OF CHEOPS.
- "HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON.
- STATUE OF OLYMPIC ZEUS.
- TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS AT EPHESUS.
- MAUSOLEUM IN HALICARNASSUS.
- THE COLOSSUS OF RHODES.
- LIGHTHOUSE ON FAROS IN ALEXANDRIA.
SEVEN WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD
The history of the emergence of the SEVEN WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD- LIST OF FAMOUS ANTIQUE MONUMENTS.
- the list is COMPILED BY ANCIENT historians and travelers.
- INCLUDING THE "FATHER OF HISTORY" HERODOTUS.
- THE LIST HAS BEEN REVISED MULTIPLELY.
- ITS CLASSIC VARIANT WAS FORMATED 2.2 THOUSAND. YEARS AGO THANKS TO THE EFFORT OF PHILON OF BYZANTINE. .
PYRAMID CHEOPSA
- The age of the building is 4500 years.
- 120 thousand Egyptians for 20 years in the sweat of their faces erected a grandiose pharaoh's tomb. The pyramid of Cheops is composed of 2.5 million blocks weighing 2,
tons each. - Without the use of cement and other fasteners, the blocks are so tightly fitted to each other that the gap between them does not exceed 0.5 mm. Initially, the pyramid had a height of 147 meters, today - 138 meters.
- For almost 4000 years, until the XIV century AD, the Pyramid of Cheops bore the title of the highest building in the world.
- Around 600 BC on the territory of modern Iraq, ancient Babylon was noisy.
- For his wife Amitis (Semiramide), King Nebuchadnezzar II ordered the famous "hanging gardens" to be laid out. The gardens were located on a four-tiered platform resembling a hill.
- The base of the terraces was built of stone blocks covered with a layer of reeds and filled with asphalt. Then there was a double layer of brick, even higher - lead plates to prevent seepage of irrigation water.
- A fertile layer of soil was laid on top of this structure, on which trees, palm trees, and flowers were grown.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Hanging Gardens of Babylon Statue of Zeus at Olympia
- In 435 BC. e. in Olympia - one of the sanctuaries of Ancient Greece - a majestic temple was built in honor of the ruler of the gods - Zeus.
- Inside the temple was placed a huge 20-meter statue of the Olympian god, seated on a throne.
- The sculpture was made of wood, on top of which ivory plates were glued, imitating the upper naked part of the body of Zeus.
- God's clothes and shoes are covered with gold.
- In his left hand, Zeus held a scepter with an eagle, and in his right hand, a statue of the goddess of victory.
- The Temple of Artemis was built in 560 BC. King Croesus of Lydia in the city of Ephesus on the coast of Asia Minor.
- The huge white marble temple was framed by 127 columns 18 meters high.
- Inside was a statue of Artemis, the goddess of fertility, made of gold and ivory.
- In 356 BC. one conceited inhabitant of Ephesus, Herostratus, set fire to the temple, thus deciding to become famous and perpetuate his name.
- The Sanctuary of Artemis was rebuilt, but in 263 it was destroyed and plundered by the Goths.
- The ruler of Caria, Mausolus, was still alive in 353 BC. began the construction of his own tomb in Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum, Turkey).
- A grandiose funerary structure 46 meters high, surrounded by 36 columns and crowned with a statue of a chariot.
- It made such a strong impression on contemporaries that since then all monumental tombs have been called mausoleums after King Mausolus.
- A giant statue of the ancient Greek sun god Helios was installed at the entrance to the port of Rhodes in 292-280. BC e.
- A slender youth-god, sculpted in full growth, held a torch in his hand.
- Ships sailed between the legs of the statue.
- For only 65 years, the Colossus of Rhodes stood in its place: in 222 BC. it was destroyed by an earthquake.
- In 270 B.C. on the island of Pharos, at the entrance to the port of Alexandria, a huge tower 120 meters high was erected.
- At the top of the lighthouse, a fire was constantly burning, the light of which was amplified with the help of metal concave mirrors, and was visible at a distance of 60 kilometers.
- Wood for the fire was brought up the spiral staircase on carts pulled by mules.
- The lighthouse was destroyed by an earthquake in the 14th century.
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Slides captions:
First Miracle Great Pyramids
This graceful Egyptian pyramid is the oldest of the seven wonders of antiquity. In addition, this is the only one of the miracles that have survived to this day. At the time of its creation, the Great Pyramid was the tallest structure in the world. And she held this record, apparently, for almost 4000 years.
The Great Pyramid was built as the tomb of Khufu, known to the Greeks as Cheops. He was one of the pharaohs or kings ancient egypt, and his tomb was completed in 2580 BC. Later, two more pyramids were built in Giza, for the son and grandson of Khufu, as well as smaller pyramids for their queens. The Pyramid of Khufu is the largest. The ancient Egyptians believed that in the event of a person's death, his body should be preserved so that the spirit could continue to live after death. They removed the internal organs, filled the body with salts and wrapped it in linen sheets. So the body turned into a mummy. The mummy was then buried along with clothes, food, precious and other things useful for the afterlife. The mummified body of Khufu was placed in a burial chamber at the very heart of his pyramid.
The pyramids stand in an ancient cemetery in Giza, on the opposite bank of the Nile River from Cairo, the capital of modern Egypt. Some archaeologists believe that perhaps the construction great pyramid 100,000 people took 20 years. It was created from over 2 million stone blocks, each of which weighed at least 2.5 tons. Workers dragged them into place using ramps, pulleys and levers and then pushed them together without mortar. return
Miracle II Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Third Miracle Temple of Artemis of Ephesus
Croesus was the last king of Lydia, an ancient region in Asia Minor, part of the territory of modern Turkey. He was famous for his great wealth and in 560 BC. built a magnificent temple at Ephesus.
The temple of Alexander existed until the 3rd century AD. Gradually, the bay in Ephesus was covered with silt and the city lost its significance. The temple was sacked by the Goths and later flooded. Today, only a few base blocks and one restored column have survived from the temple at Ephesus. return
Fourth Miracle Mausoleum of Halicarnassus
Mausolus was the ruler of Caria, which was part of the Persian Empire, from 377 to 353. BC. The capital of the region was Halicarnassus, which became known as Bodrum tourist center in modern Turkey. Mausolus succeeded his father as lord of the city and satrap of the province.
Mausolus married his sister Artemisia. Acquiring more and more power, he began to think about the tomb for himself and his queen. It must have been an extraordinary tomb. Mausolus dreamed of a majestic monument that would remind the world of his wealth and power long after his death. Mausolus died before the completion of work on the tomb, but his widow continued to supervise the construction until it was completed, around 350 BC. The tomb was called the Mausoleum, after the name of the king, and this word came to mean any imposing and majestic tomb. return
Fifth Miracle Statue of Olympian Zeus
Almost 3,000 years ago, Olympia was an important religious center in Southwestern Greece. The ancient Greeks worshiped Zeus, the king of the gods, and held regular festivities in his honor there, which included sports competitions. The first Olympic Games, as they came to be called, were probably held in 776 BC. After that, the games were held every four years for 1100 years. They were of great importance; for the duration of the games, all wars were stopped so as not to interfere with the participants and spectators to get to the place. In the 5th century BC. The citizens of Olympia decided to build a temple to Zeus. The majestic building was erected between 466 and 456. BC. It was built of huge stone blocks and surrounded by massive columns. For several years after the completion of construction, the temple did not have a worthy statue of Zeus, although it was soon decided that it was necessary. A famous Athenian sculptor was chosen as the creator of the statue.
Around 40 AD Roman emperor Caligula wanted to move the statue to Rome. Workers were sent after her, but according to legend, the statue burst into laughter and the workers fled. Then, in 391 AD, after the adoption of Christianity, the Romans banned the Olympic Games and closed the Greek temples. A few years later, the statue of Zeus was moved to Constantinople. In 462 AD the palace in which the statue stood was destroyed by fire. An earthquake occurred in the Olympic region in the 4th century. The temple and the stadium were destroyed by floods, their remains covered with silt. This helped the fragments of Olympia survive for over 1,000 years. return
Miracle sixth Colossus of Rhodes
The colossus was a giant statue that stood in a port city on Rhodes, an island in the Aegean Sea, off the coast of modern Turkey. In ancient times, the people of Rhodes wanted to be independent merchants. They tried not to interfere in other people's wars, and yet they themselves were repeatedly conquered.
At the end of the 4th century BC. the people of Rhodes celebrated the victory. They just successfully defended their city, which the Greek soldiers kept under siege for a whole year. The Greeks, realizing that they could not win, even abandoned part of the siege structures. The people of Rhodes decided to sell these structures and build a statue of Helios, revered by them as the god of the sun, to thank him for his intercession.
We do not know exactly what the statue looked like or where it stood. And we know that it was made of bronze and reached a height of about 33 meters. It was created by the sculptor Haret and took 12 years to build. The bronze shell was attached to the iron frame. The hollow statue began to be built from the bottom, and as it grew, they filled it with stones to make it more stable. The colossus was completed around 280 BC. For many centuries, people believed that the Colossus towered over the entrance to the harbor of Rhodes. But this could not be. The width of the mouth of the harbor was about 400 meters, and the statue was still not so colossal. The descriptions suggest that she stood in the center of the city and looked out over the sea and the harbour. Approximately 50 years after the completion of construction, the Colossus Collapsed. During the earthquake, he broke at the level of his knees. The oracle ordered not to restore the statue, and she remained lying where she fell. So she lay for more than 900 years, and went to Rhodes only to look at the wreckage of the defeated god. In 654 AD the Syrian prince captured Rhodes and removed the bronze plates from the statue. It was said that he took them to Syria on 900 camels. return
Miracle seventh Lighthouse of Alexandria
In the III century BC. a lighthouse was built so that ships could safely pass the reefs on their way to the bay of Alexandria. At night, they were helped in this by the reflection of flames, and during the day - by a column of smoke. It was the first lighthouse in the world, and it stood for 1500 years. The lighthouse was built on small island Pharos in the Mediterranean, off the coast of Alexandria. This busy port was founded by Alexander the Great during his visit to Egypt. The building was named after the island. It must have taken 20 years to build and was completed around 280 BC, during the reign of Ptolemy II, king of Egypt.
Butskova Natalya Aeksandrovna The work was done Thank you for your attention
Architecture and sights of Greece so saturated that the traditional concept of the seven wonders is indispensable. Here are the Parthenon, the statue of Zeus, the Temples of Artemis and Apollo, the Palace of Knossos, the Mycenaean Walls, the Erechtheion, the Ancient Theater of Epidaurus, the Monastery of St. Peter, the reconstructed ancient stadium in Athens.
Knossoscastle
Located on the island of Crete. This attraction of Greece is better known under the name "Labyrinth of the Minotaur". The palace is built of different types of stones, it is huge in scale. The complex surrounding it still looks like a labyrinth. It was inhabited by family members and the retinue of the king, along with servants. Each of the apartments had bathrooms, kitchens, workshops, pantries, etc. Everywhere they maintained order and brought beauty. On the walls are frescoes depicting scenes from the life of the ancient Greeks. Already in those days, the water supply and sewerage worked perfectly.
The landmark was discovered by archaeologists of the 20th century. Arthur Evans has been excavating for over 30 years. The palace occupies a huge area, about 15 thousand square meters. It has over one and a half thousand rooms and premises for various purposes. They are connected by numerous corridors and stairs. An interesting solution was lighting. There are windows everywhere and small skylights for natural sunlight. The unique door system only helps a lot of light enter the rooms and halls of the palace.
Almost a hundred of the huge number of large rooms were intended for ceremonial receptions and feasts. Archaeologists came to such thoughts by discovering a throne room, a theater that could accommodate more than half a thousand people, treasuries, and ritual accessories.
Walls of Mycenae
They are gigantic. The Greeks attribute the construction of this architectural monument to the legends of the Cyclops. The stones from which the walls are built are quite impressive in size. The height of the walls reaches 8 meters, width - 5. This attraction is decorated with stone lions. They have long been a protective talisman of the Greeks.
It is located at the top of the Acropolis. The temple was built in honor of Athena herself around 400 BC. BC. The eyes of architects from all over the world are struck by the original style of the monument. Its highlight was the method of oblique erection. Straight lines cannot be found here, even if you try very hard, this applies even to columns. Many centuries earlier, a statue of Athena was installed in the temple, made of elephant bone, gold (there was more than a ton in the figure). It reached over 10 meters in height. The monument has not survived to our times.
The building on the sacred hill has a width of about 30 and a length of about 70 meters. During the construction of the Parthenon, the architects instructed the workers to grind blocks of marble so that they were identical in size. The blocks were fastened with staples and lead fill.
The decorative composition of the temple is full of scenes from the great Athenian festival. On the pediments - the birth of Athena, her war with Poseidon. Further, you can observe the pictures of battles with the Amazons, Centaurs, plots of the fall of Troy. Some of the compositions were transferred to the Museum of England.
Temple Erechtheion
It is located a little north of the Parthenon, and is made in the Ionic style. Built in the 5th century BC. The design is very original, and the figures of beautiful maidens - Caryatids - become recognizable in the decoration of the columns.
In Arcadia, a temple was erected in honor of Apollo. It was built later than the Parthenon and features a unique structure that rotates (it rotates about half a degree every year). Externally, the temple is decorated in the Doric style, and inside - in the Ionic. True, tourists will definitely be presented with one of the columns in the Corinthian style. Robbers did not bypass this architectural monument. Now many of the sculptures discovered later are housed in the British Museum.
Theater of Epidaurus
This is a classic of Greek cultural structures. There is no such acoustics as here in the world. The sound bounces off the stone so that even quite quiet conversation is clearly audible. Special resonators are used. They are built into the walls, but pre-tuned to a certain wave.
They completed the construction of an architectural monument in the 2nd century BC. It was discovered at the end of the 19th century. In Epidaurus, the scene, the audience seats, and the orchestra pit are clearly demarcated. Almost all of this is perfectly preserved, except for the stage, which is surrounded by ruins.
The theater is huge. Its construction was dedicated by the Greeks to the god Dionysus. Next to the building is a large music treatment center. The architect of Epidaurus is Polykleitos. Under his leadership, more than 50 rows of stone seats were built for spectators. Over 10 thousand people were accommodated here. The stage was two stories high. The theater is still active today. It was restored in the middle of the 20th century.
Holy Mount Athos is remarkable.
Every tourist strives to visit here in order to visit the Monastery of St. Paul. It is located on a steep slope along with 15 chapels. It was built around the 14th century. Since then, the monastery has been repeatedly restored after fires.
The statue is included in the official list of wonders of the world. This is the figure of the ancient Greek god Helios. According to ancient Greek mythology, he patronized the island of Rhodes. The majestic monument was erected for more than 10 years. Archaeologists testify: the statue stood on a hill. It was built right on the spot where the location was supposed to be. Gradually erecting from the feet, the wooden frame was sheathed with bronze. Inside were piles of stones. Approximately 200 tons of bronze were needed for sheathing. After standing for a little more than half a century, the figure was destroyed by an earthquake. Since then, 10 centuries have passed. When Rhodes was captured by the Arabs, they decided to sell the giant statue. It was transported by almost a thousand camels. According to legend, if the Colossus is restored, Rhodes will be covered by a strong earthquake that will destroy the island.
Architects do not leave ideas to recreate the sculpture. The first project was proposed by German authors in 2008, the second - in 2015. But so far, construction has not started. Now the ancient figure of the Colossus, very strongly reminiscent of the American Statue of Liberty, has not been preserved.
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Ancient Greek wonders of the world Temple of Artemis Statue of Zeus Lighthouse of Alexandria Seliverstova Irina Alekseevna, teacher of history, State Educational Institution of NGOs 29 Sarapul.slide 2
7 Wonders of the World The first list of wonders of the world is attributed to Herodotus. The list appeared in ancient Greece in the 5th century BC. e .. All the miracles were on the island of Samos.
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7 Wonders of the World Historians associate the classic list with the empire of Alexander the Great
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Statue of Zeus For over 300 years, the Olympic Games have been held in Greece. They were very popular among the people. They were held in honor of the god Zeus. But the main temple in honor of Zeus was not erected. In Greece, they began to collect donations for the construction of this temple. Construction began in 470 BC. e.
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Statue of Zeus Construction of the temple took about 10 years. But the statue of Zeus did not appear in it immediately. The Greeks decided to invite the famous Athenian sculptor Phidias to create a statue of Zeus.
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Statue of Zeus According to legend, when Phidias finished his work, he asked: "Are you satisfied, Zeus?" In response, there was a thunderclap, and the floor in front of the throne cracked. For seven centuries, Zeus, smiling benevolently, watched the athletes, until in the II century. n. e. there was no powerful earthquake that severely damaged the statue
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Statue of Zeus After the ban on the Olympic Games, thieves ripped off the statue of Zeus, stealing gold and ivory. All that was left of the famous sculpture of Phidias was taken from Greece to the city of Constantinople, but there the wooden sculpture burned down during a strong fire. So the third wonder of the world died, but the Olympic Games, founded, according to legend, by the Thunderer, were restored at the end of the 19th century and are now gathering athletes from all over the world, ready to measure their strength in the most different types sports.
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Lighthouse of Alexandria The lighthouse was built on the small island of Pharos in the Mediterranean, off the coast of Alexandria. This busy port was founded by Alexander the Great during his visit to Egypt in 332 BC. e.
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Alexandrian lighthouse faros lighthouse It consisted of three marble towers, standing on a base of massive stone blocks. The first tower was rectangular, it contained rooms in which workers and soldiers lived. Above this tower was a smaller, octagonal tower with a spiral ramp leading to the top tower. The upper tower was shaped like a cylinder, in which a fire burned, helping the ships safely reach the bay.
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Lighthouse of Alexandria By the XII century A.D. e. The bay of Alexandria became so filled with silt that ships could no longer use it. The lighthouse fell into disrepair. The bronze plates that served as mirrors were probably melted down into coins. In the 14th century, the lighthouse was completely destroyed by an earthquake.
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Temple of Artemis of Ephesus In honor of Artemis, the inhabitants of Ephesus built near the city, on the site where the sanctuary of the Carian goddess of fertility used to be, a huge temple, which became one of the seven wonders of the Ancient World.
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Temple of Artemis of Ephesus Funds for the construction were donated by the famous rich man, the Lydian king Croesus. The project of the temple was developed by the architect Khersifron from Knossos. Under him, the walls of the temple were erected and a colonnade was installed. After the death of the architect, the construction was continued by his son Metagenes, and the architects Paeonius and Demetrius completed the construction.
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Temple of Artemis of Ephesus When the completed construction of a huge white marble building opened before the eyes of the townspeople, it aroused surprise and admiration. Unfortunately, no one knows exactly how the temple was decorated. It is only known that the best masters of the Greek world took part in the creation of the sculptural decoration of the temple, and the statue of the goddess Artemis was made of gold and ivory.
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Temple of Artemis of Ephesus Inside the temple was decorated with wonderful statues of the work of Praxiteles and the reliefs of Scopas, but even more magnificent were the paintings of this temple
