What to see and bring from Pavlovsky Posad. Pavlovsky Posad: real Russian sights

The history of the area occupied by the city of Pavlovsky Posad and nearby villages goes back thousands of years. Archaeological excavations show that on the banks of the rivers Vokhna and Klyazma there were sites of primitive people. Flint tools found during excavations, numerous fragments of ceramic dishes belong to the Lyalovo and Pozdnyakovo cultures. Finds of stone, drilled, diamond-shaped axes indicate that the Fatyanovo tribes once existed here.

At the beginning of our era, this territory was inhabited by the Finno-Ugric tribe - Merya. The memory of his stay is imprinted in the name of a number of villages. So, until 1863, the village of Kazanskoye was called Merya, and the village of Gribanovo in the 15th-16th centuries. - Old Mary. The name of the villages Kurovo, Saurovo, according to linguists, is also of Finno-Ugric origin.
A number of Slavic-Vyatichi settlements were discovered within the city.

Pavlovsky Posad, Bogorodsky district, Moscow province, was solemnly opened on May 13, 1845 in accordance with the decree of Nicholas I of June 2, 1844. Posad united the village of Vokhna (the second name of Pavlovo) and four neighboring villages (Melenki, Dubrovo, Zakharovo, Usovo). The first written mention of the grand ducal volost Vokhna is contained in the spiritual letter of Ivan Kalita (1339)

* Posad (podol) - originally populated area outside the Kremlin or citadel; the part with which the city grew, where the marketplace and craft settlements were located. During an enemy attack, the settlement was usually completely destroyed - if not by the enemy, then by fire. The population of the settlement either took refuge in the Kremlin, or died (if the Kremlin was small, or the enemy approached unexpectedly, so that the gates of the fortress had to be closed in a hurry). In the Old Russian state, the posad was called podil (from the location of the posad below the city-fortress, built as a rule, on a mountain).

In the future, Vokhna passed from one prince to another. Princely beavers lived on its territory. In the XV century. there were three churchyards and a settlement. With the extermination of forest animals, the Vokhons switched to arable farming, having received at the beginning of the 16th century. the right to pay dues to princes in money. In 1571, Ivan IV gave the Vokhonsky volost to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery "for a change" for a number of villages.
According to the census of the end of the 16th century, there were already 119 villages in the Vokhonskaya volost and 535 peasant households in them. The Dmitrovsky churchyard on the Vokhna River had two churches (cold and warm) and five courtyards, on the opposite side of the river stood the village of Pavlovo with a monastery courtyard, barns, and warehouses. It housed the monastic administrator, the volost headman and the kissers. Quite taxes were brought here from the villages. Gradually, the village merged with the churchyard, forming the village of Pavlovo (Vohna).
In 1609 and 1618 the inhabitants of the village took part in battles with the Polish troops. At the end of 1608, the Vokhon peasants rebelled against the boyar government of Shuisky, taking the side of False Dmitry II. They were joined by residents of the neighboring Zagarskaya volost and the village of Rogozhi (now the city of Noginsk). Soon convinced that the Tushino rulers were foreign enslavers, the rebels brought a guilty petition to Moscow. After that, they actively participated in the fight against foreigners. In September 1609, on the Klyazma River near the village of Dubrovo (now Mira Street, the city of Pavlovsky Posad), the Vokhonians, together with the servants of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, defeated a detachment of the Commonwealth. In September 1618, the inhabitants of the volost steadfastly defended the village of Pavlovo from the attacked invaders. With the approaching Russian cavalry, they utterly defeated the military unit of the Poles. The sentinel books of 1614 indicate that out of 119 villages of the Vokhonsky volost "62 villages live in the wilderness, and the peasants of that village and villages from Lithuanian and Polish people are beaten and caught in full, while others roam the world."
In 1812, the peasants of the Vokhonskaya volost and the village of Pavlovo organized a partisan detachment that acted against the French troops of Marshal M. Ney. A bright moment in the history of the Vokhon land was the successful military operations of the local people's militia led by Gerasim Kurin against the French units that occupied Bogorodsk on September 23, 1812. The Vokhon militia, numbering more than five thousand people, including 500 cavalry, with the help of a small detachment of Pavlograd hussars, on October 1, 1812, defeated squadrons of French foragers and put them to flight. At the same time, Bogorodsk was abandoned by the enemy, and then Moscow.

In the middle of the 18th century around the village of Pavlovo, a silk-weaving handicraft industry arose. Nearby, in the village of Kazansky, handicraft brocade production developed.

By the middle of the 19th century. the village becomes important shopping mall and a place for collecting handicraft products, annual fairs were also held there.

The city of Pavlovsky Posad was established by the decision of Emperor Nicholas I on June 2, 1844 on the site of the villages of Pavlovo (aka Vokhna), which gave the name to the city, Zakharovo, Usovo, Dubrovo and Melenki. Subsequently, the villages Gorodok, Kornevo, Prokunino, Filimonovo, Stepurino also became part of the city.

Pavlovsky Posad was famous and famous in Russia and abroad for its famous stuffed "Pavlovsk" shawls, the production of which, starting from the 19th century. done in a factory way. In 1795, the shawl manufactory was founded by I. D. Labzin, and later Labzin's great-grandson, Yakov Ivanovich Labzin, together with Vasily Ivanovich Gryaznov, redesigned the factory for the production of woolen shawls with a printed pattern and developed this most complex production.

In 1881, Yakov Labzin received the title of supplier to the Grand Duchess Alexandra Petrovna, the enterprise was awarded silver medals at the All-Russian Art and Industrial Exhibitions. At the Nizhny Novgorod fair in 1896, the products of the manufactory were awarded the Great State Emblem. At the beginning of the 20th century, the “Partnership of the Manufactory of Y. Labzin and V. Gryaznov” was the largest enterprise for the production of woolen shawls and scarves. After the October Revolution, the enterprise was nationalized and renamed the Staro-Pavlovskaya factory. The company expands the range, attempts are made to modernize appearance scarves (images of animals, drawings on the themes of revolution, industrialization and collectivization), production of cotton fabrics. In 1937, the factory participated in the World Art and Industrial Exhibition in Paris.
In the post-war period, the colors and range of scarves expanded while maintaining traditional motifs and patterns. In 1958, at the World Exhibition in Brussels, Pavlovian shawls were awarded the Big Gold Medal. In 1963, the factory was named the Moscow Handkerchief Production Association. Since 1995 - Pavlovo Posadskaya Shawl Manufactory OJSC.

The first school for boys - a state parochial school - was opened in February 1848, 23 students studied in it. After 21 years this educational institution was transformed into a city two-class school.

Primary school for girls - a women's school of the 2nd category, was established in 1861, and in 1873 it was reorganized into a three-year women's progymnasium. By the 90s. opened the first city ​​Hospital. There was one doctor for the whole city, who also served a number of factories. Behind medical care fees were charged: for advice - 20 kopecks, for bed treatment - 7 rubles. At some enterprises, up to 3 rubles were withheld from workers. 60 kop. per year for medical care, although they almost did not use it at all.

At the same time, a post and telegraph office was opened. At the beginning of 1901, a cotton spinning and weaving factory (now the Pavlovo-Pokrovskaya factory) was put into operation in Pavlovsky Posad. This is the only enterprise in the city owned by foreign monopolists - the Russian-French Anonymous Society.

Pavlovsky Posad is not only a point of textile production, but also a center of Orthodox culture. In 1839, the bell tower of the Church of the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God (the Bell Tower of the Resurrection Cathedral) was built at the expense of the merchant Davyd Ivanovich Shirokov. However, there is a legend that once Dmitry Donskoy was hunting in our forests and got lost. After several days of wandering through the dense forest, he prayed to his heavenly patron Saint Great Martyr Dmitry of Thessalonica for help. And he promised that in the place where he would come out to the people, he would definitely put up a church. Soon he really came to human habitation on the Vokhna River, where this sign now stands. Subsequently, he carried out his plan, erected the first church in this area.

In 1874-1895, in the north-eastern part of the city, near the city cemetery, the Intercession-Vasilyevsky Monastery was located. At the beginning of the XX century. churches were also built: Our Lady of Kazan (Manaevskaya) on Pavlovskaya Street, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker at the railway station with a high bell tower, the Old Believer St. Demetrius Church on Tsarskaya Street (Kirov Street) and the chapel of memory of 1812. During the same time, c. Ascension of the Lord (Gorodok), the school-church of the Nativity of the Virgin in Kornev, which later became part of the city. Unfortunately, not all churches have survived to this day.

In 1990, by a resolution of the boards of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR and the Gosstroy of the RSFSR, a list of historical settlements was approved, according to which Pavlovsky Posad received the status of a historical city.

At different times, outstanding writers, artists, musicians, actors lived and worked in the city (People's Artist of the USSR, honorary citizen of the city V.V. Tikhonov, twice pilot-cosmonaut, honorary citizen of the city Hero of the Soviet Union V.F. Bykovsky, Laureate of the State Prize, awards "National poet of 2007", honorary citizen of the city poet O. G. Chukhontsev, the only worker in the city Hero of Socialist Labor, honorary citizen of the city, spinner V. A. Glazunova, people's artist Z. A. Olshevskaya, her successor, laureate of the State Prize , the artist of the Pavlovo-Posad shawl manufactory E.V. Zhukova continues the traditions of the world-famous folk craft.

Rector Hegumen Andrey (Tonkov) Address: 142500, Moscow region, Pavlovsky Posad, pos. M. Gorkogo 19 church life, and they willingly attended statutory services in Orthodox monasteries - through this, the civil authorities saw an opportunity to draw them into the bosom of the Orthodox Church. According to the original plan, it was supposed to open four monasteries, and two of them - male and female - in the vicinity of Pavlovsky Posad. As a result, in 1860, at the initiative of the secular authorities and the clergy of the Moscow diocese, only one Preobrazhensky Guslitsky monastery was opened in Bogorodsk district. In 1868, without an initiative from above, with the blessing of St. male monastic hostel. The monastic community, consisting of eight people, was gathered by the holy righteous Vasily Gryaznov; a two-story house was built for its inhabitants on the land of the manufacturing establishment, which was owned by the holy righteous Vasily and the Pavlovsky Posad merchant Yakov Ivanovich Labzin. The Holy Righteous Basil and Ya. I. Labzin in 1868 petitioned the Holy Synod for the opening of a cenobitic monastery in Pavlovsky Posad and the construction of a church for the monastery, but this petition was rejected for a number of reasons. the lower Vasilyevsky temple was built and consecrated in 1874; the brethren of the cenovia he collected began to study in it on the kliros to send a church service in anticipation of the opening of a monastery in Pavlovsky Posad. Then a denunciation was made against the trustee of this male community, Ya. were no longer renewed. In the 1880s, on the land adjacent to the cemetery church, ceded to Ya. I. Labzin by the township society, a charitable women's hostel was founded; On January 29, 1894, it received the status of a community. Maria Ivanovna Ovchinnikova was appointed its head. On July 3 of the same year, the community was inaugurated by Bishop Tikhon (Nikanorov) of Mozhaisk. Ya. I. Labzin had already passed away by this time, having transferred the care of the community to his daughters. Daughters, O. Ya. Labzina and A. Ya Elagina, completed the construction of the upper three-altar church, the main chapel of which is in honor of the Intercession Holy Mother of God- was consecrated on August 20, 1895 by Metropolitan Sergius (Lyapidevsky) of Moscow and Kolomna. By the beginning of the 20th century, the community had one hundred and forty inhabitants, in 1902-1903 monastic tonsures were performed in it, and the head of the community, nun Alevtina (Ovchinnikova) - February 16 In 1903, she was elevated to the rank of abbess. On June 22, 1903, the Pokrovsko-Vasilevsky community was transformed into a cenobitic monastery. By this time, it had two sister buildings, a number of cell houses, and various outbuildings. The nuns carried out various obediences: in the temple, in the needlework, in the shelter, in the barnyard. In 1909-1911, through the diligence of the patronesses of the monastery, the Intercession-Vasilyevsky church was expanded, a stone bell tower was built, and the construction of the monastery fence began. Nuns and pilgrims throughout the existence of the monastery they resorted to the prayerful intercession of the holy righteous Basil, at whose tomb the Intercession-Vasilyevsky Monastery was actually founded. After the October Revolution of 1917, the monastery was closed. In 1920, the Investigation Department of the People’s Commissariat of Justice fabricated a case “on charges of the former merchant’s wife O. Ya.

Rector Hegumen Andrey (Tonkov) Address: 142500, Moscow region, Pavlovsky Posad, pos. M. Gorky, 19

In 1857-1858, the civil authorities, represented by the Minister of State Property M.N. Muravyov, made an attempt to establish male and female monasteries for missionary purposes in the southeastern part of the Bogorodsky district of the Moscow province, densely populated by Old Believers.

The Old Believers were close to the monastic way of church life, and they willingly attended statutory services in Orthodox monasteries - through this, the civil authorities saw an opportunity to attract them into the bosom of the Orthodox Church.

According to the original plan, it was supposed to open four monasteries, and two of them - male and female - in the vicinity of Pavlovsky Posad. As a result, in 1860, at the initiative of the secular authorities and the hierarchy of the Moscow diocese, only one Preobrazhensky Guslitsky Monastery was opened in the Bogorodsky district.

In 1868, without any initiative from above, with the blessing of St. Philaret (Drozdov), Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna, a male monastic hostel was founded in Pavlovsky Posad. The monastic community, consisting of eight people, was gathered by the holy righteous Vasily Gryaznov; a two-story house was built for its inhabitants on the land of the manufacturing establishment, which was owned by the holy righteous Vasily and the Pavlovsky Posad merchant Yakov Ivanovich Labzin. The Holy Righteous Basil and Ya. I. Labzin in 1868 petitioned the Holy Synod for the opening of a cenobitic monastery in Pavlovsky Posad and the construction of a church for the monastery, but this petition was rejected for a number of reasons.

Already after the death of the righteous saint, the lower Vasilyevsky church was built over his grave in the town cemetery and in 1874 was consecrated; the brethren of the cenovia he collected began to study in it on the kliros to send church services in anticipation of the opening of a monastery in Pavlovsky Posad.

Then, a denunciation was made against the trustee of this men's community, Ya. I. Labzin, which was refuted during the proceedings, after which, however, attempts to establish a monastery were no longer resumed.

In the 1880s, on the land adjacent to the cemetery church, ceded to Ya. I. Labzin by the township society, a charitable women's hostel was founded; On January 29, 1894, it received the status of a community. Maria Ivanovna Ovchinnikova was appointed its head. On July 3 of the same year, the community was inaugurated by Bishop Tikhon (Nikanorov) of Mozhaisk.

Ya. I. Labzin had already passed away by this time, having transferred the care of the community to his daughters. Daughters, O. Ya. Labzina and A. Ya Elagina, completed the construction of the upper three-altar church, the main chapel of which - in honor of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos - was consecrated on August 20, 1895 by Metropolitan Sergius of Moscow and Kolomna (Lyapidevsky).

By the beginning of the 20th century, the community had one hundred and forty inhabitants, in 1902-1903 monastic vows were performed in it, and the head of the community, nun Alevtina (Ovchinnikova), was elevated to the rank of abbess on February 16, 1903. On June 22, 1903, the Pokrovsko-Vasilevsky community was transformed into a cenobitic monastery.

By this time, it had two sister buildings, a number of cell houses, and various outbuildings. The nuns carried various obediences: in the temple, in the needlework, in the shelter, in the barnyard.

In 1909-1911, thanks to the diligence of the patroness of the monastery, the Intercession-Vasilyevsky Church was expanded, a stone bell tower was built, and the construction of the monastery fence began.

Nuns and pilgrims throughout the existence of the monastery resorted to the prayerful intercession of the holy righteous Basil, at whose tomb the Intercession-Vasilyevsky monastery was actually founded.

After the October Revolution of 1917, the monastery was closed. In 1920, the Investigation Department of the People’s Commissariat of Justice fabricated a case “on charges of the former merchant’s wife O. Ya.

The city of Pavlovsky Pasad, located just half an hour from Moscow, is filled with the atmosphere of a leisurely life in the hinterland and an indescribable flavor. The measured rhythm of life, leisurely walks along the old streets, the architecture of merchant two-story houses and beautiful churches attract many people who appreciate the flavor and peculiarity of Russian culture.

On the territory of the city there are such famous Russian sights as the Church of the Resurrection of the Lord, the Church of the Intercession-Vasilyevsky Monastery, as well as numerous factories for the production of scarves and shawls with a printed pattern.

The history of the city dates back to 1845, when Pavlovsky Posad was founded on the site of several villages. The sights of this city in the modern world are known and popular not only in Russia, but throughout the world. Local residents have long been famous for their craftsmanship and have been engaged in it. It was this city that gave the world stunningly beautiful scarves and shawls with a printed pattern. The active development and construction of weaving factories began in the city at the beginning of the 19th century, and gradually it becomes known as the center of the textile industry.

Many beautiful ancient religious monuments have been preserved in the city of Pavlovsky Posad. Attractions attract connoisseurs of architecture here. In the northern part of the city is located in which the relics of the patron saint of the city are kept. One of the main dominants of Pavlovsky Posad is the Bell Tower of the Resurrection Cathedral - the only part of it that has survived to this day. Not far from it, at the beginning of the 20th century, a chapel was erected in memory of the war of 1812. During its history, it was destroyed and completely restored.

During the war of 1812, active hostilities took place in the region and in the city of Pavlovsky Posad itself. Sights and monuments of military subjects tell about the active which was carried out local residents in support of the country's army. One of the most famous is the monument to the partisan Vasily Kurkin, who was awarded the first degree for bravery and courage.

Lots of interesting places and houses are located throughout the city of Pavlovsky Posad. Sights tell about the history of the city, about the life, life and occupations of people, about famous people who were born and raised here. Among such places, it is necessary to visit the Museum of Local Lore and the exhibition hall of Shirokov's house. It is impossible to ignore the Museum of the History of the Russian Scarf and Shawl. From the exposition you can learn about the history, technology and features of manufacturing the symbol of the city of Pavlovsky Posad. The attractions of this museum are a private collection of scarves from the 18th-20th centuries, as well as unique tools for applying a pattern to the fabric. And you can leave Pavlovsky Posad only with a few copies of locally produced scarves.

Geographic Encyclopedia

City (since 1844) in Russian Federation, Moscow region, on the river. Klyazma. Railroad station. 70.0 thousand inhabitants (1993). Ancient (from the 19th century) center of the textile industry (mainly woolen); worsted mill, spinning and weaving ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

PAVLOVSKY POSAD, a city (since 1844) in the Moscow region, on the river. Klyazma. Railway station. 66.8 thousand inhabitants (1998). An ancient (since the 19th century) center of the textile industry (mainly the production of woolen and half-woolen printed shawls and shawls with ... ... Russian history

Exist., number of synonyms: 2 vohna (3) city (2765) ASIS Synonym Dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

Pavlovsky Posad- city, r. c, Moscow region In 1336 it was mentioned as Vokhna volost; the name is presumably from an anthroponym. In the sources of the XVI-XVIII centuries. is mentioned as the village of Pavlovo, but the name Vokhna was also preserved: in 1844, p. Vokhna is transformed into a settlement ... ... Toponymic Dictionary

City (since 1844) in Russia, Moscow region, on the river. Klyazma. Railroad station. 66.8 thousand inhabitants (1998). An ancient (since the 19th century) center of the textile industry (mainly the production of woolen and half-woolen printed scarves and shawls ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

City, r. c. Moscow region RSFSR on the river. Klyazma. As of 1 Jan. 1964 65 vol. (in 1897 7 t.zh., in 1923 13 t.zh., in 1939 43 t.zh., in 1959 55 t.zh.). The oldest center of the textile industry in the Moscow region. The city was founded in 1844 from the village. Pavlovo and adjacent villages ... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia

Pavlovsky Posad- Pavlovsky Posad. Bell tower of the Dmitrievsky Cathedral. Pavlovsky Posad, a city in the Moscow region, the center of the Pavlovsky Posad district, 68 km east of Moscow. It is located on the Meshcherskaya lowland, on the rivers Vokhna and Hottsa (tributaries of the Klyazma). ... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

- (Vokhna) Moscow province., Bogorodsky district, on the Nizhny Novgorod railway. dor., at the river. Klyazma and rch. Vohonka and Hotze. Posad was formed in 1844 from the village. Vokhna and adjacent villages. Slob. Vokhna back in the 18th century. was famous for the manufacture of silk fabrics and ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

A city of regional subordination, the center of the Pavlovo Posadsky district of the Moscow region of the RSFSR. Situated on the right bank of the river. Klyazma (a tributary of the Oka), 68 km east of Moscow. Railway station on the line Moscow Vladimir. 68 thousand inhabitants (1974; in 1939 it was ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Books

• Pavlovsky Posad. City plan + neighborhood map , . Pavlovsky Posad. City plan + neighborhood map Scale 1:18,000 (city), 1:36,000 Format 70 x 100 cm. 1 sheet, folding map…
• Coloring page "Pavlovsky Posad", . Coloring page from the series "Folk patterns". This issue presents Pavlovsk-Posad painting. For preschool and primary school age…