Airbus a310 took off from. Aviation accidents, incidents and air crashes in the USSR and Russia
The statistics of air crashes is a boring thing: most often, planes die from a collision with the ground, and the human factor leads to this. But behind a dry enumeration of reasons and facts, a chain of unpredictable events may be hidden. This happened 23 years ago, when one of the first Airbus A310 aircraft that appeared in our country crashed in Russia.
On the night of March 22-23, 1994, residents of Mezhdurechensk (Kemerovo region) heard an explosion. At the same time, aircraft number SU593 disappeared from the radars of the Novokuznetsk airport, making the flight Moscow - Hong Kong. Dispatchers are at a loss: the crew did not give distress signals and did not report problems, it simply stopped responding to requests from ground services. The disappearance of the aircraft and the silence of the pilots - in such cases, the alarm is immediately raised and the search and rescue service is connected. So this time, an An-12 aircraft of the Air Defense Forces is immediately sent from Novosibirsk to the Mezhdurechensk region, and a Mi-8 MGA helicopter is sent from Novokuznetsk. Rescuers outstripped local- an hour and a half later, he discovered a crashed plane in the area locality Mayzas (10 km southeast of the city of Mezhdurechensk). This information is soon confirmed by the helicopter commander: from the air, burning fragments of an airbus are visible, scattered within a radius of 2 kilometers.
The first sensation on the approach is the strongest smell of kerosene. It looks like the plane literally crashed into pieces. The smallest fragments are scattered along the hillside in a hundred-meter-wide ribbon, stretching for about half a kilometer. The largest piece of the starboard side that I saw was three by four meters. Almost everything that remains of people is strongly pressed into the snow. Arms are visible somewhere, legs somewhere, backs somewhere ... Many passengers remained sitting, tied to the seat with belts. Among the dead, rescuers managed to find two children flying on this flight. One of the crew members decided to take them on vacation to show Hong Kong.
On board the aircraft were 63 passengers and 12 crew members, all 75 people died. From the very first minutes of the investigation, the catastrophe began to acquire conjectures and versions. Among them there were completely fantastic ones: the plane collided with a celestial body or became a victim of a UFO. Later there were rumors about a terrorist attack and depressurization of the aircraft, which caused the instant death of the crew and passengers. And the rescuers note some strangeness - the body of one of the teenagers for some reason is in the cockpit. At first, experts suggested that he was thrown there at the time of the disaster. But the transcript of the voice recorder took the investigation in a completely different direction. It began with the words: "Sit in my chair!" Further negotiations left no doubt: there was a child at the controls of the plane.
News agencies with sources in the investigating authorities immediately released shocking information. However, all competent persons unanimously declared: this cannot be true. Only a year later, the experts were forced to admit that one of the causes of the disaster was indeed the actions of a teenager who was at the helm.
At that time, as they say, we did not have the conscience or the courage to say that the plane was killed by a child. But the recording on the voice recorder and further investigation, which lasted a whole year, showed that other options were excluded.
But there were other factors as well. It took experts a year to explore each of them. They had to go back to the moment of departure of the ill-fated flight from Moscow and trace the path of the aircraft and the actions of the crew literally every minute.
So, on March 22, 1994, flight SU593 Moscow - Hong Kong took off from Sheremetyevo. A310, named « Glinka » , was bought « Aeroflot » in 1992, along with the first batch of foreign-made aircraft. On their basis, the largest Russian airline has created a prestigious division of international transportation. A310s flew only abroad, and for these flights, pilots of the highest class were recruited. The pilots were required to have an impeccable reputation, at least 1,000 flight hours, and be fluent in English. All A310 pilots have been vetted and trained by Airbus Industry. Moreover, out of 3000 pilots « Aeroflot" for training sent the best - a total of 16 people. Among them was the replacement PIC (aircraft commander) of the Hong Kong flight, Yaroslav Kudrinsky.
En.wikipedia.org
On March 22, he shares the cockpit with a very experienced crew. This is the aircraft commander (FAC) Andrey Danilov, who has almost 10,000 flight hours, more than 950 of them on the Airbus A310. And co-pilot - Igor Piskarev, whose experience is a little less. He flew 5885 hours, flew a Tu-134 as a PIC, moved to the helm of an Airbus A310 in October 1993. Yaroslav Kudrinsky himself became the commander of the Airbus A310 in November 1992. Prior to that, he flew the Yak-40, An-12 and Il-76 aircraft. He has flown over 8940 hours, 907 of them with the Airbus A310. The Airbus is equipped with an autopilot capable of controlling the aircraft throughout the flight. It would seem that a safe flight is guaranteed.
Youtube.com
The Kudrinsky family, 80s. Frame from documentary film National Geographic "A child at the controls of an airplane. Air crash investigation"
Among the passengers are the children of Yaroslav Kudrinsky, 13-year-old Yana and 15-year-old Eldar. Once a year Aeroflot » granted the families of pilots the right to preferential flights. Captain Kudrinsky decided to take the children to Hong Kong for four days. For teenagers, this was the first trip abroad.
Bingapis.com
Three and a half hours of flight passed unnoticed. Andrey Danilov took the liner out of the busy Moscow air zone and, having transferred control to Yaroslav Kudrinsky, went to rest in the cabin - he had a return morning flight from Hong Kong to Moscow. The Airbus A310 had left Novosibirsk behind and was almost halfway through the 10-hour journey when Captain Kudrinsky invited the children to sit in the pilot's seat. At this time, the most technically advanced aircraft of Aeroflot » was on autopilot.
Pretich.ru
Yana is the first in the cockpit. The girl does not show much interest in flying the plane, however, on the advice of her father, she puts her hands on the helm. At this time, Kudrinsky turns the autopilot control switch by 15 degrees, which allows him, without turning off the autopilot, to deflect the aircraft slightly to the left, which immediately displays a special device - the artificial horizon. Small, up to 15 degrees, course deviations may not be noticed visually, but the artificial horizon captures all deviations of the aircraft and displays them on its monitor. Yana feels the spontaneous movement of the steering wheel and immediately realizes that her father turned the plane. The girl tells him about it and leaves the chair. Captain Kudrinsky returns the plane to its original course.
Mega.politiqa.ru
Yana is replaced by Eldar. Unlike his sister, he takes the helm with undisguised interest and immediately asks his father if he can also turn. Kudrinsky Sr. allows and orders his son to look more carefully beyond the horizon. Eldar tries to turn the steering wheel to the left and notices that it is rather tight, not at all like it was when Yana was sitting in the pilot's seat. The teenager leans harder, but cannot change course - the autopilot keeps the plane in given direction, but Eldar does not know about it. Then the PIC applies the same technique - he again switches the autopilot heading 15 degrees to the left, using the same switch. The steering wheel in Eldar's hands turned smoothly to the left without much effort.
linkis.com
Like last time, Yaroslav Kudrinsky returns the course of the autopilot to normal mode, thereby stopping the turn of the liner and the illusion of control of the aircraft by Eldar. He then turns on the old navigation mode, which instructs the autopilot to return the plane to Hong Kong. The steering wheel becomes unyielding again, but Eldar continues to turn it to the left. Then tilts slightly to the right, enjoying the role of the pilot. This goes on for a little over three minutes. At some point, the teenager shook the steering wheel more than usual, and the autopilot, mistaking this for the pilot's command, turned off. From that moment on, the huge liner begins to obey the child, but no one notices this yet. The light signaling the disabling of the autopilot mode worked, but the crew did not pay attention to it. The pilots did not know about the design feature of the A310: the autopilot of this airliner turns off silently. Eldar was the first to notice the trouble: he saw that on the device the horizon line rises strongly to the right. The bank increased with every second, and while the pilots were trying to understand what was happening, it reached 45 degrees - this is more than the maximum allowable values for the A310. In addition, an arc appears on the on-board computer screen instead of a line showing the aircraft's flight path. This usually happens when the airliner is preparing to land and enters the holding area above the airport.
Youtube.com
The airbus is going in an arc at a speed of 650 km / h with a strong roll. The centrifugal force generated by the movement of the plane pushes everyone into their seats - its effect is twice the weight of a person. Frightened passengers understand the scream, bottles with mineral water and other small things. PIC Danilov wakes up in the cabin, understands that something is wrong with the liner, tries to get up and go into the cockpit, but overloads do not allow him to do this. Kudrinsky Sr. also cannot take the pilot's seat - centrifugal force chains him to the side panel. Co-pilot Igor Piskarev seeks to take control and manually bring the liner out of a dangerous position. But even before the autopilot was turned off, he pushed his seat all the way back and now cannot take up a working position due to the resulting overloads. With a jerk, he manages to reach the helm and grab it with one hand. The pilot forcefully turns the control column all the way to the left, but the plane does not react. It moves in a steep spiral, losing altitude. The only one holding the helm is the 15-year-old Eldar. The only thing left for the pilots is to try to explain to the child what to do.
FAC: Hold on! Hold the helm, hold!
2nd pilot: Speed!
2nd pilot: B reverse side! In reverse! Back!
FAC: Turn left! Left! Right! Left!
Eldar: Right? You don't see, do you?
But this turned out to be impossible: Eldar does not understand the jargon of the pilots. For example, the boy takes the command “Hold the helm!” as an order to keep it in the extreme right position, while the pilots meant the alignment of the aircraft. The liner enters a deep dive, and now it is rushing to the ground at a speed of 200 meters per second. For a few seconds, the overload caused by centrifugal force is replaced by almost complete weightlessness, and everything that was not fixed in the cabin and cabin, including passengers, is under the ceiling.
Youtube.com
Piskarev finally manages to jerk the helm towards himself. The liner goes up into the sky like a candle - the co-pilot lifted the nose of the plane too much. Again overload, this time 4 times. The plane is flying too steeply upwards, the engine power is starting to be lacking. The liner seems to hang in the air. This moment is used by Yaroslav Kudrinsky - he manages to take the pilot's seat. But the plane again goes into a tailspin and starts falling from a height of 6,000 meters. The PIC and the co-pilot continue their attempts to save the liner. With the help of the steering wheel, Kudrinsky almost manages to stop the rotation of the aircraft. The A310 is coming out of a spin, but the pilots don't know for sure how much altitude they've lost.
FAC: The gas is full!
2 pilot: The speed is very high!
FAC: So, that's it, let's go, let's go. Right! High speed. Get the gas out!
2 pilot: Cleaned up!
FAC: Quietly-oh-oh-nechku!
FAC: Let's go now! Everything is fine! Slowly towards yourself. Slowly. Slowly, I say!
Aircraft impact with the ground.
The bodies of 22 Airbus passengers have not been identified. By decision of the Russian authorities, they were all cremated together. Meanwhile, the investigation of the disaster continued, and the experts had to work in difficult conditions. It was a precedent, the first time that a foreign-made aircraft crashed on a Russian airline flight. « Aeroflot » and Airbus Industry tried to soften the blow to their reputation - the lawyers of each side worked very hard, and it was not easy for the investigators to strike a balance.
airdisaster.ru
The investigation confirmed that the autopilot was on when the crash began. So, even though there were children in the cockpit, the plane had to follow its course. And the main question that the experts had to answer was: what happened when Eldar sat at the helm? As the transcript of the recorders showed, Eldar, unlike his sister, tried to turn the helm before his father gave the command to the autopilot to turn the plane. The steering wheel did not give in, and the teenager made some effort. It was this action that led to a partial shutdown of the autopilot.
Cepolina.com
Here it is necessary to make a small digression. An autopilot is an aircraft computer that controls its altitude, speed and heading. Altitude and heading are set by three tools: the rudder responsible for turning left and right, the elevator and the ailerons - elements that determine the roll of the aircraft. These aerodynamic controls on the liner look like moving part of the trailing edge of the wing. Eldar's actions led to the disabling of the autopilot precisely from the control of the ailerons. In fact, two and a half minutes before the tragedy, the roll rudders were in the hands of a teenager and began to respond to all his actions.
The peculiarity of this aircraft is that it does not have a sound signal for turning off the autopilot, while Russian aircraft have it. Allowing his son to take the helm - although this is a violation - the captain of the liner was sure that in which case the crew would hear the signal and detect the autopilot was turned off. But on the A310, this signal is given by one small bulb, and the pilots might not know this.
There was another reason why the crew did not understand what was happening: the instrument panel showed that the autopilot was on - after all, the device controlled all other flight parameters. When Eldar noticed a roll on the artificial horizon, the plane could be levelled. But here the pilots are distracted by a false waiting area - after all, Kudrinsky returned the plane to a given course. While they are trying to figure out what's wrong, the plane goes into a critical roll. He cannot fly in this state and begins to lose altitude.
airdisaster.ru
Could the plane have been saved? To answer this question, the experts had to simulate the disaster on a simulator that was located at the Airbus Industry facility in France. As the modification showed, the pilots overdid it, bringing the plane out of the dive. All they had to do was let go of the steering wheel, and then the plane would not soar vertically into the sky. The A310 has a built-in self-preservation mechanism that will not let it fall off even at very low speeds. It seems that despite their training, the pilots did not know this. As shown by the simulator flights conducted by Vladimir Biryukov together with the Airbus testers, if both pilots could not reach the controls, the automatic control system would independently restore a safe flight.
Loveniza.blogspot.ru
The fact that a 15-year-old teenager was flying the plane was not the only cause of the disaster. The conclusions made by Vladimir Biryukov demonstrated the insufficient training of pilots to fly the A310. Even people who have undergone special training did not know that the autopilot could be partially disabled, and did not understand that the aircraft was transferred to the manual aileron control mode. This feature of the A310 continues to this day, allowing pilots to change individual flight parameters. But modern pilots must be warned about it.
Sunpics.com
After investigation changes were made to the documentation of the aircraft and the training plan for Aeroflot pilots. In particular , now to the user manual of all Airbus A310s, a clause on spontaneous turning off automatic control of the ailerons when a force of more than 10 kg is applied to the helm for 30 or more seconds.
Crew « Glinka » buried at the Mitinsky cemetery next to the firefighters who extinguished the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The grave of Yana and Eldar is located next to his father's.
- Film made about National Geographic Channel's investigation into the crash of Flight 593 « Child at the controls of an airliner », which is shown in the 3rd season of the documentary television series « Air crash investigations » .
- On April 11, 1994, a plane crashed in the United States. An eight-year-old girl sat in the pilot's seat; nearby - the pilot-instructor and the father.
A passenger plane crashed in the Indian Ocean. Airbus A310-300 of Yemenia Airways, flying from Sanaa to the capital of the Comoros, fell into the water off the coast northern island Comorian archipelago. The fate of the 150 people on board is still unknown.
An Airbus A310-300 passenger plane crashed near the Comoros, located in the Mozambique Strait of the Indian Ocean. According to Reuters, Yemenia Airlines, which owned the plane, was making connecting flight. On Monday at 08.55 Yemeni time (09.55 Moscow time) Airbus A330-200, company-owned, took off on flight IY749 from Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport to the airport of the Yemeni capital Sana'a with an intermediate landing in Marseille. Having reached Sana at 19.50 Moscow time, the agency reports, the passengers of the A330-200 transferred to the A310-300 and at 21.30 Moscow time took flight IY626 to the Comoros. They were supposed to arrive at Moroni airport at 03.15 Moscow time.
However, an hour before the scheduled landing, the Airbus disappeared from the radar.
According to an unnamed employee of the local airport, quoted by Reuters, the pilot of the liner managed to tell the dispatchers that he would soon be landing, and then contact with him was lost.
Soon, official representatives of the authorities of the Comoros reported that the liner had crashed into Indian Ocean. According to the Qatari TV channel Al-Jazeera, the plane crashed off the coast of the northern island of the Comoros archipelago - Ngazidzha. So far, representatives of local authorities cannot name the exact place of the fall. According to the Agency for aviation security and navigation in Africa and Madagascar (ASECNA), rescuers have already gone to the alleged site of the tragedy. Nothing is known about the fate of the passengers of the liner. "Most likely, the plane is somewhere 8 kilometers from the coast. Civilian and military vessels have already set off in search," CNN quoted ASECNA spokesman Ibrahim Kassim as saying.
A headquarters has already been set up in Paris to help the relatives of passengers flying on Yemenia Airways. As reported on the website of the airline itself, its representatives do not intend to communicate with the press. Data on the number of passengers vary. So, AFP reports 147 passengers.
According to the Sky News channel, there were 11 crew members and 142 passengers on board the liner. The same figures are given on the official website of Yemenia Airways. It is only known for certain that the majority of those on board the liner were citizens of the Comoros and the French.
At about 10.30 Moscow time, rescuers found the wreckage of the plane and the bodies of two passengers.
This is the fourth incident for Yemenia Airways. From 2001 to 2006, not a single person was injured in accidents involving the company's aircraft. Yemenia Airways is 51% owned by the government of Yemen and 49% owned by the government Saudi Arabia. The company's air transport fleet consists of two Airbus A330-200s, four Airbus 310-300s and four Boeing 737-800s.
What is Airbus A310
The Airbus A310 is a small, wide-body, medium-long-haul passenger aircraft. It is one of the smallest wide-body aircraft in the world. In mid-1975, the designers of the Airbus Industry consortium began the preliminary development of the project passenger aircraft A300B10, which was a variant of the A300B4 with a shortened fuselage. At the same time, the development of the A310-200 liner with a flight range of more than 5 thousand kilometers began.
The first flight of the prototype A310-200 took place on April 3, 1982. Regular operation of the aircraft began the following year. In March 1983, designers from Airbus Industry began developing the A310-300 for long haul airlines. The main difference from the previous model was the presence of an additional fuel tank with a capacity of more than 6 thousand liters. in the horizontal tail and the use of an automated fuel transfer system to maintain the optimal balance of the aircraft in flight.
In 1985, the A310-300 entered regular service. Since 1991, the aircraft has been certified by the Aviaregistry of the Russian Federation, as a result of which it received the right to operate in Russian airlines. At various times, the A310 was operated by Aeroflot and Transaero. Currently, this type of aircraft is used only by S7 Airlines, which operates seven A310s.
The total number of A310 aircraft delivered to Airbus by 2008 is 255, of which 220 aircraft are in operation with 39 airlines. To date, all A310s in service have completed over four million flights with a total duration of about 10.5 million flight hours. Officially, the production of the A310 was completed in 2007.
Airbus A310 accidents
In July 1992 year Airbus A310 owned by a Thai airline veered off course due to a misunderstanding between the pilot and the controller and crashed near Kathmandu. All 113 people on board were killed.
In March 1994, the pilot of an A310 en route from Moscow to Hong Kong put his 16-year-old son at the helm, who accidentally turned off the autopilot. The plane went into a tailspin and crashed near Mezhdurechensk. All 75 people on the ship were killed.
In March 1995, in Romania, an A310 pilot lost control of the car, forgetting that he had turned off the autopilot. The plane crashed near the Romanian city of Balotesti. 60 people died.
In November 1998, while landing at the airport in Thailand, due to unfavorable weather conditions another A310 crashed. Killed 101 of the 146 people on board.
In January, another liner of this model fell into the sea near Abidjan. The accident occurred shortly after takeoff due to crew error. 169 of the 179 people aboard the A310 were killed.
There were no casualties during the emergency involving the A310 in Austria in December 2000. The chassis of the car jammed, and the pilots made an emergency landing in a field near the village of Schwechat.
In July 2007, when landing in Irkutsk, the A310 engine went into takeoff mode, which caused the liner to crash to the ground. 125 out of 203 people died.
Another incident was recorded in June 2006. An A310 landing in Khartoum crashed and caught fire. 30 of the 214 people on board were killed.
March 22, 1994 in the area of Mezhdurechensk (Kemerovo region) at 20:00. 58 min. crashed and crashed an Airbus A-310, owned by the airline "Russian Airlines" and flying on the route Moscow - Hong Kong. There were 63 passengers and 12 crew members on board. The opening of the black boxes subsequently showed that the cause of the disaster was the human factor, the crew's poor knowledge of this type of equipment and gross violation of instructions.
3.5 hours after takeoff, the crew commander Yaroslav Kudrinsky called his two children into the cockpit - daughter Yana and son Eldar, where, in violation of the charter, he allowed first his daughter and then his son to sit in the chair of the ship's commander. This circumstance was ignored by other crew members. In addition, in the cockpit was a friend of the Kudrinsky family - Makarov, also a pilot who flew on the same flight as a passenger.
Before letting the children take the command chair, Kudrinsky turned on the autopilot. First, the commander's daughter, 13-year-old Yana Kudrinskaya, was in the pilot's seat. She did not attempt to take any action to control the aircraft. After her, the captain's son, 15-year-old Eldar Kudrinsky, sat at the helm. The teenager held on to the steering wheel, rocking it slightly from side to side. Everything was perceived as entertainment and adults did not control the teenager. At one point, the guy shook the steering wheel harder and the autopilot, mistaking this for the pilot's command, turned off. In one second, the plane became obedient to a teenager who continued to play pilots.
The light signaling the disabling of the autopilot mode worked, but the crew did not notice this, since design feature A310 is the absence of an audible alarm disabling the autopilot. Once again tilting the handle of the steering wheel to the side, the boy introduced the airbus into a deep roll, which soon reached 45 degrees and caused an overload of about 5g. In the first seconds, both professional pilots could not understand the reason for the abnormal behavior of the aircraft for several seconds. And when the crew noticed that the autopilot was off, they tried to take their seats again.
Contrary to instructions, the co-pilot, in the absence of the commander in his seat, pushed his seat all the way back, which for a long time did not allow him to take up a working position due to the resulting overloads. And the aircraft commander, due to strong overloads and a large bank angle, could not get into his seat for a long time.
The situation was greatly complicated by the fact that in the left seat there was still the only person who had the physical ability to fly the aircraft - the 15-year-old son of the commander, who received and tried to carry out various, inconsistent and conflicting commands from his father, co-pilot and Makarov. According to the analysis of the "black box" soundtrack, Eldar's attempts to correct the situation were greatly hampered by ignorance of the pilot's jargon. As an example, the command “Hold the helm!” Was cited, which the boy mistook for a command to hold the helm in the extreme right position, while the pilots meant the command to level the aircraft.
Meanwhile, the bank had already reached 90 °, and the plane began to lose altitude. In order to prevent further descent, the autopilot (only the automatic roll was turned off) increased the pitch angle to such an extent that the aircraft began to quickly lose speed and went into a stall. The co-pilot completely turned off the automatic and managed to bring the plane out of the stall by lowering the nose. The overload decreased, and the commander finally managed to pull his son out of his chair and take a job. The pilots brought the plane into normal flight mode, but could not recognize their spatial position in time. Flying over a hill at low altitude, the plane caught on the edges of trees and crashed into a forest near the village of Maly Mayzas, about 20 kilometers southeast of Mezhdurechensk.
Crew talks, chronology of events
Symbols used in the text:
PIC - aircraft commander Ya. V. Kudrinsky
Yana is the commander's daughter, born in 1981.
Eldar - the son of a commander, born in 1978
2P - co-pilot I. V. Piskarev
Makarov is a pilot flying to Hong Kong as a passenger
E - one of the pilots in the cockpitBefore the crash - about half an hour. The plane flies on autopilot. In the cockpit are the aircraft commander, co-pilot and two strangers - the daughter of the aircraft commander Yana and passenger Makarov.
17:43:30: FAC [referring to his daughter Yana]: Come sit here now, on my chair, do you want to?
17:43:31: PIC left his workplace
17:43:34-17:43:37: Yana sat in the FAC chair
17:44:10: Yana: Dad, lift me up [Yana asked to lift her chair up]
2L: Novosibirsk, Aeroflot, 593rd passing your point at flight level 10,100.
17:47:06: FAC: Well, Yana, will you pilot?
Yana: No!
FAC: Don't press the buttons. Don't touch this red one!
Yana: Dad, can this be twisted?
FAC: Do you see Novokuznetsk on the left?
Yana: Are we flying so low?
FAC: Ten thousand one hundred meters.
Yana: That's a lot, right?
FAC: A lot...
Yana tries to leave the chair.
FAC: Wait, don't rush...
Yana: I'm being careful...
17:51:12: Yana left the FAC chair
The son of the aircraft commander Eldar appears.
17:51:47: Makarov: The counter is being removed.
17:51:55: Eldar sat in the chair of the FAC.
17:52:46: Eldar [referring to Makarov]: Are you filming?
17:52:48: Makarov: I'm filming.
Eldar: Can this be twisted?
17:54:25: FAC: Yes! If you turn left, where will the plane go?
Eldar: Left!
FAC: Turn around! Turn left!
17:54:35: FAC: So, watch the land where you will turn. Let's go left, turn left!
Eldar: Great!
17:54:37: FAC: Let's go, right?
17:54:39: Eldar turned the steering wheel to the left by 3..4 degrees.
17:54:40: FAC: Is the plane going to the left?
17:54:41: Eldar: Coming.
17:54:42: FAC: You can't see it, right?
E:< неразб>
17:54:50: E: Now it will go to the right
17:54:53: Makarov: Set the artificial horizon for him normally.
17:05:05: The aircraft began to roll to the right.
17:55:12: FAC: What do you want, Yana?
Yana:< неразб>
17:55:15: FAC [referring to Yana]: Why?
Yana:< неразб>
17:55:18: FAC [referring to Yana]: In the first class you will only sleep.
17:55:27: FAC [addressing Yana]: Don't run there, otherwise they will kick us out of work.
17:55:28: Since that time, unnoticed by either the PIC or the co-pilot, a gradual increase in the right roll began.
17:55:36: Eldar [about the course of the aircraft]: Why is he turning?
17:55:38: FAC: Does he turn himself?
17:55:40: Eldar: Yes.
17:55:41: E: Why is he turning?
17:55:42: Eldar: I don't know.
17:55:45: FAC: Can't you knock the course?
17:55:45: Makarov: He still turns the zone, guys. [Makarov suggested that the plane was leaving for the holding area]
17:55:46: 2P: We went to the zone, waiting.
17:55:48: FAC: Yes?
17:55:49: 2P: Of course.
17:55:50: Makarov: Re-bya-ta! [Thus, Makarov reacted to the rapid increase in vertical acceleration in the aircraft]
17:55:52: FAC: Hold on! Hold the helm, hold!
17:55:55: 2P: Speed!
17:55:56: 2P: In the opposite direction.
17:55:58: 2P: In reverse.
17:55:59: 2P: Back!
17:55:59: FAC: Turn left! Left! Right! Left!
17:56:06: E: Right?
17:56:08: E: Can't you see?
17:56:11: The autopilot has disengaged.
17:56:14: E: Turn right.
17:56:17: FAC: Right!
17:56:18: 2P: Yes, to the left! The earth is here!
17:56:24: FAC: Eldar, come out!
17:56:26: FAC: Crawl out back.
17:56:28: FAC: Crawl back, Eldar.
17:56:30: E: You see< неразб>No?
17:56:34: 2P: Ores for small!
17:56:38: FAC: Come out!
17:56:40: E: Come out, Eldar.
17:56:41: E: Come out< неразб>.
17:56:43: E: Come out.
17:56:44: E: Come out.
17:56:47: E:< неразб>.
17:56:49: E: Come out.
17:56:52: E: Come out, I say.
17:56:54: 2P: Full throttle! Full throttle! Full throttle!
17:56:55: By this time, the PIC had taken his workplace.
17:56:56: 2P: Got the gas!
17:56:57: FAC: Full throttle!
17:56:58: 2P: Gave!
17:56:59: E:< неразб>.
17:57:00: E: Full throttle.
17:57:05: E: I gave gas, gave it.
17:57:08: E: What is the speed?
17:57:09: E:< неразб>.
17:57:13: E:< неразб>.
17:57:17: E: Yes.
17:57:23: FAC: The gas is full!
17:57:25: 2P: The speed is very high!
17:57:27: E: Big, right?
17:57:28: E: Big.
17:57:29: E: I turned it on.
17:57:30: FAC: So, that's it, let's go, let's go.
17:57:32: FAC: Right! Right foot!
17:57:35: FAC: High speed.
17:57:36: FAC: Get the gas out!
17:57:37: 2P: Cleaned up!
17:57:42: FAC: Quietly-oh-oh-nechku!
17:57:47: 2P: B… again!
17:57:48: E: Don't turn to the right.
17:57:50: E: Speed added.
17:57:53: FAC: Let's get out now! Everything is fine!
17:57:55: FAC: Slowly on yourself.
17:57:56: FAC: Slowly.
17:57:57: FAC: Slowly, I say!
17:58:01: Aircraft hits the ground.
In the course of an investigation conducted jointly by Aeroflot and Airbus, changes were made to the aircraft documentation and the Aeroflot pilot training plan. And when flying on simulators, performed by Russian instructor pilot Vladimir Biryukov together with Airbus test pilots, it turned out that if both pilots could not reach the controls, the automatic control system could take control and quickly restore a straight-line safe flight.
plane crashA310 near Mezhdurechensk - the accident that occurred on the night of March 22-23, 1994 with an Airbus A310-308 airliner of Aeroflot. Because of a child who accidentally turned off the autopilot and took control, the plane went into a tailspin and crashed near Mezhdurechensk. All 75 people on board were killed.
Developments
March 22, 1994 at 20:39 local time Airbus airliner Aeroflot A310 took off from the runway of Moscow's Sheremetyevo Airport and headed for Hong Kong. 63 passengers taken on board could not worry about anything: the A310 with the assigned name of M. Glinka was one of the first new European aircraft delivered to the Aeroflot fleet just a couple of years ago, the aircraft was flown by experienced pilots, and 9 flight attendants worked in the cabin.
The flight went well and, 3.5 hours after takeoff, the crew commander called his two children into the cockpit: daughter Yana and son Eldar. When the plane was flying in the Novokuznetsk area, he allowed first his daughter and then his son to sit in the chair of the ship's commander. In addition, a family friend, also an Aeroflot pilot, was in the cockpit, flying on the same flight as a passenger.
Before allowing the children to take the command seat, the commander turned on the autopilot. First, the commander's daughter, 13-year-old Yana Kudrinskaya, sat at the helm. She did not attempt to take any action to control the aircraft. After her, the captain's son, 15-year-old Eldar, sat at the helm. The teenager held on to the steering wheel, rocking it slightly from side to side. This did not bother the crew, as the aircraft was under the control of the autopilot. However, in the end, Eldar applied a force of 8-10 kg to the steering wheel for 30 seconds, which led to a partial shutdown of the autopilot, which stopped giving commands to the ailerons - the crew did not know about this feature of the autopilot. Also, the pilots did not notice the light indication, but there was no sound signal.
Eldar was the first to notice the roll of the plane and reported it. However, both professional pilots for several seconds could not understand the reason for the abnormal behavior of the aircraft.
The aircraft banked to the right at a rate of about 1.5° per second, and soon the right roll reached 45°, which was above the acceptable limit. When the crew noticed that the autopilot had been disabled, they tried to retake their seats.
The co-pilot, having relaxed, pushed his seat back strongly and, at a critical moment, due to overloads, could not return to his seat. The commander also, due to overloads, could not sit in his chair. As a result, in conditions of severe loss of height with a roll, the only person who controlled the aircraft was a 15-year-old boy. He was further confused by the fact that he heard many commands from three people, while often not understanding the pilot's jargon.
Meanwhile, the bank had already reached 90 °, and the plane began to lose altitude. In order to prevent further descent, the autopilot increased the pitch angle to such an extent that the aircraft began to rapidly lose speed and went into a stall. The co-pilot completely turned off the automatic and managed to bring the plane out of the stall by lowering the nose. The overload decreased, and the commander finally managed to pull his son out of his chair and take a job. The pilots brought the plane into normal flight mode, but could not recognize their spatial position in time.
An Airbus A310 airliner with 75 people on board hit the edges of trees and crashed into a forest near Mezhdurechensk. No one survived.
Air crash investigation
Search and rescue operations at the crash site were carried out for quite a long time: the remains of passengers and the wreckage of the aircraft were scattered within a radius of 2 km. Later, the found parts of the aircraft were transported to the hangar of the aviation enterprise of the Novokuznetsk airport, where they were attached to the frame according to the shape of the aircraft. In the same place, representatives of Aeroflot and Airbus took up the study of the circumstances of the disaster.
The first versions of the causes of the disaster seemed exotic: the plane either collided with a natural celestial body, or became a victim of a UFO. These assumptions were based on the fact that the airliner was flying at an altitude of 10,100 meters, clearly withstood all the specified flight parameters, the crew did not give any emergency signals, there was no information about the failure of any instruments, and an experienced crew flew the aircraft. Later, there were rumors about an alleged terrorist attack and depressurization of the aircraft, which caused the instant death of the crew and passengers.
Chairman of the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) Vladimir Kofman admitted several years later: “ The case is unprecedented. At that time, as they say, we did not have the conscience or the courage to say that the plane was killed by a child. But the recording on the voice recorder and further investigation, which lasted a whole year, showed that other options were excluded. After this incident, the journalists spoke in unison about the "pilot's fault", the "human factor" in matters of accidents and so on. And we thought about something else - about the role of the co-pilot. After all, children were put at the helm before. In fact, there is nothing wrong if the kid sits in the pilot's seat while the autopilot controls the liner. The question is different: what did the partner - the "technical reserve" of the happy father, while he was taking care of his son? Instead of keeping an eye on the instruments and, in which case, quickly take control of himself, he went to the corner of the cabin to film Eldar on a video camera. And missed the moment when the boy turned the Airbus on manual control and did not notice the deep roll into which the plane had gone. When the pilots realized it, it was already too late ...».
Consequences
Changes were made to the documentation of the aircraft and the training plan for Aeroflot pilots. In particular, now in the flight manual for all Airbus A310s, a clause has been introduced about spontaneous disabling of automatic control of the ailerons when a force of more than 10 kg is applied to the yoke for 30 or more seconds. Simulator flights performed by Russian pilot-instructor Vladimir Biryukov together with Airbus test pilots revealed that if both pilots could not reach the controls, the automatic control system could quickly restore a straight-line safe flight
Transcript of negotiations
The plane flies over Novokuznetsk. The daughter of the commander, Jan, sits at the helm.
Co-pilot: Novokuznetsk, Aeroflot 593, passing your point at FL 10100.
FAC: Well, Yana, will you pilot?
Yana: No!
FAC: Don't press the buttons. Don't touch this red one!
Yana: Dad, can this be twisted?
FAC: Do you see Novokuznetsk on the left?
Yana: Are we flying so low?
FAC: Ten thousand one hundred meters.
Yana: That's a lot, right?
FAC: A lot...
Yana leaves the commander's chair.
FAC: Wait, don't rush...
Yana: I'm being careful...
Eldar's son sits in the commander's chair.
Makarov: The pilot is filming.
Eldar: Filming?
Makarov: I'm filming.
Eldar: Can this be twisted?
KVS: Yes! If you turn left, where will the plane go?
Eldar: Left!
FAC: Turn around! Turn left!
Eldar: Great!
FAC: Is the plane going to the left?
Eldar: Coming.
4 minutes pass.
Eldar: Why is he turning?
FAC: Does he turn himself?
Eldar: Yes.
FAC: Hold the helm!
Co-pilot: Speed!
FAC: Turn left! Left! Right! Left! The earth is here! Eldar, come out! Get out, Eldar! Come out! Come out! Come out! Come out! Come out, I say! Full throttle!
Co-pilot: He gave gas!
FAC: Full throttle!
Co-pilot: Yes!
FAC: The gas is full!
Co-pilot: The speed is very high!
KVS: Yes! Let's go! Right! Right foot! Get the gas out!
Co-pilot: Cleaned up!
FAC: Quietly-oh-oh-nechku!
Co-pilot: Fuck…again!
FAC: Don't turn right! Let's go out now! Everything is fine! Slowly, slowly! Slowly, I say!
Short crack.
End of record.
In 1994, many media reported that on March 22 at 20.58.01 Moscow time, a passenger airbus A-310-300 Glinka crashed in the Mezhdurechensk region.
It belonged to Russian Airlines and operated a flight on the Moscow-Hong Kong route. "All 75 people on board were killed."
In these messages, the indication of the exact time of the crash, the flight number, the name of the airline and the liner itself were unusual. Otherwise, it was not much different from others that reported the same aircraft accidents in various parts of our planet.
But gradually, many newspapers began to focus on this catastrophe. "Moskovsky Komsomolets" responded to the results of the first studies with the article "Witnesses who do not disappear." In particular, it noted that there is always a reason and even a number of reasons why disasters happen.
“The last witnesses in this case are the “black boxes”, which keep a tape record of everything that happens in the cockpit, until the very last minute: negotiations with the Earth, commands, cries for help.
Airbus "Glinka", flying to Hong Kong with 63 passengers on board, suddenly disappeared from the screens and, without giving any signals, fell from a height of 10,100 meters. Rescue teams sent to the crash site found the wreckage of the airliner within a few hours. Separately from each other, parts of the tail, wings, and cockpit of the aircraft were lying around. All that was left of him were piles of ashes.
Airbus A-310-300
Of the three black boxes, only two survived. They were burned and deformed, but the records in them were preserved. They were deciphered in France in the presence of members of the Russian State Commission. The first versions seemed simply fantastic: the plane either collided with a natural celestial body drawn into the Earth's gravity zone, or became a victim of ... a UFO.
These assumptions were based on the fact that the liner flew at a 10-kilometer altitude, clearly maintained all the specified flight parameters and did not give an SOS signal. Later, there was a rumor about an alleged terrorist act and depressurization of the hull, which caused the instant death of the crew and passengers.
News agencies put forward their assumption: the pilots allowed children to sit at the helm of the aircraft. One of them pressed the wrong button, and the plane began to fall.
However, all competent persons unanimously declare that this cannot be true and nothing of the kind - in principle! - cannot happen. Russian scientist A.F. Chernyaev, analyzing the situation with the airliner, claims that there is simply no such button that can bring up the entire aircraft control system. Children's voices that are heard in the "black box" by themselves still do not say anything.
Maybe the children were not even in the cockpit, but simply stood in the aisle, watching the work of the crew. According to international rules, this is not prohibited at all. On the contrary, in an aircraft of this class, the doors should always be open during the flight so that passengers feel calmer and more confident.
Further events developed as follows. The aircraft commander is perplexed because the autopilot suddenly makes an unplanned maneuver. After that, the liner suddenly collapses on its side and begins to lose altitude. The crew is trying to correct the situation, but it does not work - something does not work there.
Only at the very ground, the pilots manage to level the plane, but then an explosion is heard. The last words before the explosion were: "We did it..."
Maybe the plane hit one of the hills, lost its wing and began to crumble into pieces? The place where the wreckage of the airliner was found speaks of just such a fall.
At the test bench in Toulouse, Russian and French specialists reproduced the flight of the A-310 many times. But even in the calm atmosphere of the earthly “flight”, the technology refused to reproduce those unthinkable pirouettes that the dying airliner performed in the air.
After an unexpected descent from a height of 10,000 meters, the A-310 rushed to the Earth either in a tailspin or in a deep spiral. Even a rollover was recorded, which is completely excluded for transport aircraft. Thus, even upon returning from France, the group of Russian experts was unable to name the cause of the disaster. Only towards the end of October, the experts of the two countries seemed to have established it.
However, Russian citizens could not then get acquainted with these dramatic conclusions. According to international rules, the country that investigated the crash on its territory is obliged to first familiarize the manufacturer and owner of the aircraft with all the findings. It is hardly possible to get acquainted with these details now, because the documents seem to have established that the life and fate of the 75 people on board the plane really decided the "childish" factor.
The commander of the crew, Kudrinsky, took his children, twelve-year-old Yana and fourteen-year-old Eldar, to spend spring vacation in Hong Kong. The roll of the aircraft arose from the simultaneous impact on the helm of Eldar and the autopilot.
Here Eldar sits in the left armchair, and his eyes flare up. Still would! Who among his peers does not dream of sitting at the helm of an aircraft, and even during the flight!
The plane turned up its nose more and more, increased the angle of attack of the wing (that is, as if it were specifically striving for a position ideal for falling into a tailspin). At some point, this is exactly what happened with a machine that was absolutely not designed to fly in this mode. It turned out to be just as unusual for the crew.
This disaster has become one of the most tragic and mysterious in Russian aviation. The Airbus was so technically perfect that there were only two people in its crew - the first and second pilot. All other control was distributed between electronic devices.
The last Glinka communication session took place with the city of Novokuznetsk at 20.49.47. The next one was supposed to be in ten minutes, but by this time there was not a single person alive on the plane. In a few minutes, the liner will go out of control and begin its "death dance".
So far, everything seems to be calm on board. There was peace on the ground.
A.F. Chernyaev, who has been studying the properties and effects of ether for many years, repeatedly wrote in his works that there is a physical ether. The life of people rising into the air largely depends on his behavior. The scientist was closely studying this whole situation with the Russian airbus and believes that by this time, apparently, the plane was already flying in a dense ethereal cloud.
His signal on the radar screens has either already begun to pulsate, or has disappeared altogether. And if this was indeed the case, then the disappearance of the signal should have served as a sign to the ground controller that the aircraft was in danger. And then he would still have a few minutes left to warn the airbus crew about it.
By this time (20.51.15) the pilots already (apparently, under the influence of the ether) slowed down and inadequately perceived the situation. Devices under the influence of ethereal electrons also began to submit distorted information to the computer. From that moment, when Eldar began active piloting, the aircraft was doomed. The son practiced with might and main with the helm, and soon the huge liner gradually begins to obey the child - in defiance of the working autopilot.
The car began to lose the altitude and speed set for it by the autopilot. Soon the Eldar was surprised to see that the earth "floated under the side." The autopilot tried to correct the changed parameters, according to the program laid down in it. Automation began to "take" the steering wheel, Eldar turned it in his direction. For some time, piloting was carried out in two hands - an autopilot and a child, and each tried to "convince" the other that he was right. However, as A.F. Chernyaev, everything could happen exactly the opposite: both the machine and the person worked harmoniously.
However, the moment came when the young man realized that the plane was turning itself. To understand this, he had to not act on the steering wheel for at least a few seconds. These seconds would be enough for the autopilot to level the flight. If the aircraft's instruments hadn't been lying, if the liner had been in a normal environment and there would have been enough engine power ...
Soon the plane began to beat a strong "shiver". Along with the shaking, a deafening roar burst into the cockpit, because powerful overloads arose on board. The car rolls to the left more and more, the shaking intensifies, but the autopilot is still working. Apparently, they are trying to remove Eldar from the chair, but due to the increasing acceleration and threefold overloads, he is simply pressed into the seat.
They try to remove the guy, distraught with fear, from the chair (father and one of the passengers), but then his leg accidentally rests on the right gas pedal. And the plane, going at an extremely low (“stall”) speed and turning its nose up to the limit, immediately collapses to the right over its back. Pilots call this a "corkscrew". It was at this moment that the autopilot shutdown signal worked and Glinka began an irreversible movement towards the ground. Before that, for fifteen whole seconds, the autopilot fought with a person, creating dizzying manipulations with the plane. And only when the car reached a critical roll, it (as indicated in the instructions for its operation) turned off.
True, at that time Eldar had already been removed from the chair, and passenger Vladimir Makarov was jumping in his place. The pilots seemed to feel themselves in a familiar environment and began to take control of the situation. The crew tried to get the car out of a deep spiral by increasing speed.
Prior to this, the state of "ethereal" intoxication did not allow pilots to simultaneously monitor several parameters, comprehend the situation, and only then make decisions. The attention of the crew focused only on individual operations. Perhaps that is why for two and a half minutes no one remembered about radio communications and about their duties to inform the ground controller about all the problems on board.
At 20.58 the aircraft began to lift its nose and straighten out of the spin. At this moment, there was a visible hope for a successful outcome. But it was already too late! The earth was at a distance of three hundred meters, and four seconds remained before the collision with it ...
Probably (and even necessarily), there are other points of view, and other explanations for the cause of the crash of the Glinka airliner. After all, the experts of the two countries could not establish its exact cause. But A.F. Chernyaev believes that it is impossible to change the physics of the ether, and it was she who invisibly played a fatal role in this tragedy.
