What is industrial tourism. Industrial tours

For some, the concept of "tourism" is associated with the sand and the sea, someone immediately thinks about sightseeing ... But there is a special subspecies of tourism - industrial. Fans of this type of recreation are interested in exploring various industrial, military facilities, as well as abandoned buildings. They find a special aesthetic in it. If you also decide to get carried away with such a holiday destination, find out everything about industrial tourism in Russia - the best places to travel in 2019 will attract you.

History of development

This type of recreation began to develop relatively recently - in the 60s of the last century. In general, back in the 19th century, some factories let tourists in on a tour a couple of times, but at that time people were not yet interested in them. But half a century ago, a special committee was created in the UK, whose members sought to preserve industrial sites as cultural heritage.

At the end of the millennium, in the 80s, Europeans were drawn to old factories, mines and factories, seeing them as "monuments of the industrial era." Well, after 2000 this type of recreation became very popular. The Internet has spread, and it contains information about objects, which has attracted many people who are tired of the usual beaches.

In Russia, industrial tourism began to emerge in the 18th century. Schoolchildren were taken to the mines and manufactories with excursions. This practice continued in the USSR. In addition, after the release of the film "Stalker", young people and adults became interested in visiting abandoned buildings and restricted areas, and later the name of the film turned into a synonym for such lovers. Well, with the beginning of the new millennium, everything just increased similarly to the western direction. In 2007, the computer game S.T.A.L.K.E.R. was released, and young people became even more interested in industrial tourism objects.

Now industrial tourism, although less popular than traditional, is still of interest to millions of people around the world.

Kinds

This type of recreation can be divided into several types:

Stalking. This is precisely the visit to abandoned, old, unused objects formed after the release of the film of the same name. Stalkers are attracted by residential buildings, and entire cities (), and factories. They not only look at them with pleasure, but also take pictures - just like traditional tourists take pictures of sights.
Digging. Diggers are those who are passionate about " underworld". No, we are not talking about some kind of esoteric here - just about various bunkers or ghost subway stations.
Roofing. From English word"roof", in translation - "roof". Roofers like to visit the rooftops of city buildings and look at the views. There are those who prefer to just contemplate, those who enjoy the extreme process of "climbing" some stairs or pipes, and finally, someone even holds or attends all sorts of cultural events on the roofs.
passive tourism. Not everyone likes to enter forbidden places, such tourists are akin to the first among industrial ones - they prefer to go on excursions to various operating industries.
Urbanism. Urban tourists get aesthetic pleasure from exploring the city's beauties. Someone "collects" buildings in a certain architectural style, others like abandoned areas.
Post-pilgrimage. It is a kind of stalking and means visiting abandoned places of worship.

What is the price?

I must say that in Russia there are not very many such offers from tour operators so far. The West is still more interested in this type of recreation. However, there are special travel agencies that specialize in this. Vacationers are offered excursions to combines, factories, film studios and even nuclear power plants.

In the last five years, the direction has become more promising, many experts argue that in Russia it can be developed quite well, because a large number of abandoned objects have survived in the country since the Soviet era.

The cost of the offer depends on the payment to the owners of the object, guides, travel expenses. For example, in Sevastopol, a five-hour jeep tour of abandoned sites will cost around 6 thousand rubles for a group of 4 people. A visit to the factory where Belevskaya pastila is made will cost around 2 thousand rubles - this amount already includes round-trip travel from, guide services, and tea drinking. But, for example, you can get to the Moscow Brewing Company and see the process of making a foamy drink for free - the production itself organizes such visits on weekends.

If a person wants to organize a trip on his own, then its cost will directly depend on the cost of transport, accommodation and the cost of a ticket to the facility. It is clear that visiting some places will be generally free, because abandoned objects are abandoned for that.

Security

By the way, about abandoned objects - there is a lot to be clarified here so that a pleasant vacation is not overshadowed by anything. If an industrial tourist is visiting an operating facility or booking a tour, then of course this will include certain permits and warranties, as well as safety briefings.

But as for other options, here you need to act on your own. The fact is that some old buildings can be a place where people without a fixed place of residence live, as well as marginalized people. Therefore, before becoming a stalker, it is best to get acquainted with experienced fans of this direction, learn everything about interesting objects perhaps visit them together with connoisseurs. In addition, it is worth walking around abandoned buildings or areas in certain, closed clothes - after all, there may be fragments, construction debris and other things that are unsafe with direct contact.

There are objects that are even guarded and are not intended for third parties to enter there. This is the most extreme direction of industrial tourism, as it can even be associated with breaking the law. It is precisely this unattainability that attracts someone, but here everyone acts at their own peril and risk.

As for digging and roofing, you need to go for this only in full confidence in your physical fitness, as well as in the presence of equipment. After all, climbing onto the roof is quite difficult - if we are talking about penetration through fire escapes, and not about going to the "open roof". As for underground facilities, for example, ghost subway stations, there may be dangers in the form of collapse of structures. It is better for beginners to join this type of tourism in an experienced company. In addition, digging as such is also often associated with a violation of the law, since the service areas are forbidden to outsiders.

Be that as it may, as a rule, an industrial tourist is a rather risky person. You can only call for carefully planning all the details of visiting the site.

Places and objects in Russia

It is possible to list all the objects of attention of industrial tourists for a long time, but it is worth talking about some popular points.

stalking

On the sites of fans of this type of tourism there are articles about many interesting places. Among them are such different ones as:

Abandoned naval training base on Russky Island. Previously, this place was the largest for the training of Soviet sailors, at present it is popular among stalkers. In addition to the base itself, you can see the remains of the “interiors” and equipment of the military.
The Olgovo estate in the Dmitrovsky district of the Moscow region. Built at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries, in the USSR it was a rest home and a pioneer camp. Currently, you can see the main house and outbuildings, the school building, utility rooms, as well as the backyard park.
Kola superdeep well in Murmansk region. The drilling of the deepest man-made hole in the earth began in the 1970s. However, in the 90s the project was abandoned. By that time, the hole had reached 12,000 meters.
Hotel "Northern Crown" in. The construction was frozen in 1995, they had been trying to build a hotel by that time for 7 years. Currently, it is a protected facility, however, especially brave stalkers get inside.
Koenigsberg Castle in Kaliningrad region. It was built in the 13th century, survived the glorious times as the residence of the head of the Teutonic Order. Unfortunately, during the Second World War, the building was damaged. The Soviet authorities tried to build the House of Soviets here. Discussions are underway regarding the restoration of the building, but so far the place is a ruin that attracts stalkers.

Digging

Popular with representatives this direction abandoned or under construction metro stations. This direction is most developed, of course, in and. However, due to the fact that the penetration of such objects is illegal, extreme people carefully hide the details of their "tourist" outings.

Other places diggers like to visit are abandoned bunkers. For example, one of these was found in Chelyabinsk, "tourists" found in it everything they need in the event of a nuclear war. They find such places right in the center - this is how the KGB bunker was discovered.

Roofing

Favorite city of roofers in Russia -. Again, this hobby is by no means welcomed by the authorities, however, sometimes the residents of the house themselves are not opposed to penetrating the roof with the quite calm goal of viewing the panorama. There are even special communities that organize excursions to open roofs for those who wish. As their leaders say, they have an agreement with the residents and ensure the safety of tourists.

Video about the roofs and courtyards of the Northern capital:

In, according to the roofers, it is more difficult to get onto the roofs - due to the fact that it is not easy to get into the entrance itself. However, sometimes they find such options: a house on the Enthusiasts highway, the roof of the Tea House on Myasnitskaya, the Armory business center - these are just a few popular places.

Passive tourism

This is the simplest type of industrial tourism, since everything is completely legal, safe and easy. So, for tourists are open:

Brewery "Baltika" in the Tula region;
Lipetsk Machine Tool Enterprise;
"Khokhloma painting" in the Nizhny Novgorod region;
Hydroelectric power plant KamGES in the Perm region;
Art Glass Studio in Sochi and other facilities.

A very popular company offering excursions is Promtour. The operating nuclear power plant, Star City, Babaevsky Confectionery Concern, Moscow-City Federation Tower, Mosfilm - this is far from full list exciting objects.

The Petrotour company offers excursions to the Imperial Porcelain Factory, the Baltika Brewery, the Uzor tapestry factory, the dam, the stained glass workshop and other places.

Urbanism

As for this direction, everything is simple here. If you are a fan of a certain style of architecture, you should just look for where there are many objects or entire areas of such development. In Russia, there are many buildings in the Stalinist Empire style, constructivism, as well as industrial buildings of the 19th century.

Post-pilgrimage

Among the interesting objects in Russia are such as:

Abandoned temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in the Moscow region. Built at the end of the 18th century opposite the Chernyshev estate. In Soviet times, the museum was not organized here, and therefore both the estate and the temple fell into decay. It's very easy to get in at the moment.
Tikhvin Church in Glukhovo. It was built in the 18th century and restored in the 19th century. The Soviet authorities destroyed the bell tower, and installed a mill in the church, soon the temple was abandoned.
Church of the Nativity in Ilkodino. Built in the 19th century in the Empire and Classicism styles. During the years of Soviet power, the temple was closed.
Annenkirche (St. Petersburg). The Lutheran Church, unlike many objects of attention of industrial tourists, is very accessible for visiting, in addition, cultural events are held there - funds are being raised for restoration.
Novotorzhsky Borisoglebsky Monastery. It was founded in the 18th century. The monumental temple, as well as the adjacent buildings, is a fairly well-preserved complex.

List interesting places Russia within the framework of industrial tourism can be long enough. Of course, in certain branches of it, the “points” are not advertised due to contradictions with the law, but you can get to other objects legally and easily - if you had money for an excursion. If you are interested in trying to visit such places, look for communities of passionate people in your latitudes or major cities- and you will definitely find something that will attract you.

Commercial tours are tours that are sold by client firms on a commercial basis, are often individual-group tours and have a fairly wide range of prices.

Industrial tourism is excursions to existing industries.

The tourism industry has recently begun to look for new types of tourism services. One of these innovations was the organization tourist excursions to advanced operating industries. The organization of such excursions serves as an excellent advertisement for many companies that are interested in promoting their products.

The crisis that has broken out in recent years has forced many entrepreneurs to look for new, non-standard technologies for surviving in the economy. A rather interesting solution was found by entrepreneurs working in the tourism business. They decided to combine what seemed to be two incompatible things - to develop tourism and industry at the same time. This is especially evident in the countries of Western Europe.

Currently, the task of industrial tourism is to organize regular tourist tours and routes to existing or once existing industrial enterprises. The phenomenon is quite new, so there is almost no research on this topic. All that exists today is a large number of cities that serve as an example of organizing tourist routes to enterprises. For example, in 2007, in France, about 1700 different companies received tourists at the sites of their enterprises. So the tidal station in the city of Rance receives about 300 thousand tourists every year. In England, the chocolate factory in Cadbury was visited by 400,000 tourists a year. In countries such as Spain, they are especially popular wine tours, in the Netherlands - floral, and in France - cheesy.

American companies were pioneers in this industry. So the Jack Daniel's factory opened the doors of its enterprise to visitors in 1866, on the opening day of the enterprise itself. Currently, there are almost no enterprises left in the United States that would not accept tourists and visitors. It is considered bad form for any company not to accept tourists , this fact is seen as a threat to the company's reputation.In Europe, there is a slightly different attitude, here the main emphasis is on the post-industrial motive.Thus, the abandoned salt and coal mines in the Ruhr and abandoned shipyards since the Second World War. Although operating enterprises are also open to the public. An example is the BMW car factory in Wolfsburg, where about 260,000 tourists a year visit its production facilities.

Today's tourists are "place collectors". Today, tourists are no longer satisfied with the standard tourist assortment - beaches, museums, theaters, art galleries, etc. Now they are interested in recreation, which can be combined with educational goals. Excursions to various enterprises are just what will interest modern tourists. During such tours, everything opens up from an unusual side. On such excursions you can see everything with your own eyes, touch everything with your own hands, try, try on and ultimately purchase. This type of tourism is especially popular among travelers who make tours with children. It will be especially interesting for children to see how ice cream or chocolates are made, even before they hit the store shelves.

It is worth noting that from the point of view of advertising this is a competent move. Such excursions are quite unobtrusive and interesting advertising, for which tourists also pay. During such excursions, the manufacturer shows his true face, the impeccability of advanced technologies, the transparency of production management, and relations in the work team.

It is important to note another important aspect. When an enterprise becomes a tourist attraction, in this case, the management of the company significantly improves relations in the workforce. First of all, attention is paid to cleanliness in the workshops, a presentable appearance of technological equipment, a clean working uniform, and much more. Previously, business leaders did not see the point in these nuances. In addition, the motivation of the workers themselves changes dramatically, due to the fact that they are looked at as a “museum piece”. As a result of such actions, the company receives effective support for its products. It is worth noting the fact that the turnover of souvenir shops is 30% higher at the points where the tour ends than in other similar shops with similar goods. The city budget benefits from the sale of various city services and goods. In addition, excursions to operating enterprises serve as an additional burden to other tourist sites that are located in these cities. A striking example is the Rolex plant in Zurich and the port complex in Rotterdam. Cities actually provide the popularity of various brands.

What do you need to organize industrial tourism? If we turn to the experience of other countries, we can see that the financial costs are relatively small to organize tourist routes for operating companies. It is much more difficult with enterprises that have already stopped working. In this case, it is necessary to develop special investment projects to turn them into museum complexes.

The first step in the organization of industrial tourism is the cooperation of regional and local authorities, with local experts, local historians, local business elite and, of course, travel companies.

Industrial tourism can serve as a tool for territory marketing, systemic cooperation of local communities to promote their interests in order to attract investors. After all, in the end, "marketing is a philosophy of local development that provides the necessary assistance where economic depression prevails, and there are no exits from standard situations at all."

IN Western Europe, the boom in industrial tourism began about a quarter of a century ago, when they realized that not every modern tourist can be satisfied with a standard set - museums, temples, sightseeing tour around the city and big shopping mall. Even a simple excursion to the factory, where you can see with your own eyes how your favorite chocolate bars are made, or even take part in production, will open a familiar city from a new perspective.

GREAT BRITAIN

Bentley

We are sure that the Bentley car brand is familiar to you. On a 2-hour tour of the factory, located in Crewe in the northwest of England, you will be shown how the machine builders, programmers, painters, finishers and assemblers of legendary cars work. Tours are free for everyone. But there is one caveat. Only Bentley owners and their families will be allowed to visit the factory on any given day. For the rest, excursions are provided only on Fridays.

Land Rover

And if manual assembly prevails at the Bentley plant, then at Land Rover much is robotic. Here, in Halevud (West of England), they will also take you through all the shops and tell you in detail about all the nuances of creating a brand new car. The feature of the plant is a specially built track to demonstrate all the capabilities of the car. This is an ideal paved area, and off-road with hills. It is possible that you will be allowed to test too! Employees of the enterprise ask to book a tour in advance, as there are a lot of people who want to.

Cheddar Cheese Village

But not only cars are made in the UK. You've probably heard of cheddar cheese as well. It is named just after the place of production in the small town of Cheddar with a population of five thousand. Excursions to the cheese factory are organized daily. Naturally, they will show all the stages of the creation of this cheese and conduct a tasting. For everything you will have to pay a little more than € 2 per person.

Chocolate Factory Cadbury

In Bourneville, a suburb of Birmingham, you can visit Cadbury World - a complete Entertainment Center for tourists. The Cadbury chocolate factory is one of the most famous and popular in the world. On the territory of the expo center there are departments for the production of sweets and 14 thematic zones. Cadbury World tells the story of chocolate making, from the Mayan and Aztec tribes who first discovered cocoa trees and drank chocolaite, to John Cadbury's first candy store. During the tour, all sweet lovers will be able to have a tasting. Chocolate artists in the shortest possible time can make edible bears or bunnies to order. Those who are lucky will even be allowed to make something with their own hands. An entrance ticket for adults costs about € 18. Children under 4 years old are free of charge, and those who are older, including students - € 13.5. Pensioners will have to pay a little more - € 14. Booking a tour in advance is a must. If you do it online, you will receive a promo code for a 5% discount.

GERMANY

Airbus

If you often have to use air transport, then at least once you have flown (s) on aircraft built by Airbus. Their factories are located in Hamburg and Bremen. Waiting for tourists here and there. Excursions to the production last 2.5 hours and are held on weekdays. They will ask € 14 from an adult tourist. Schoolchildren, students and pensioners have dropped the price to € 11. True, the factories warn: tourists will spend all the time allotted for the tour on their feet, and if you are tired, you can’t go back. You can't take a selfie either. Photo and video filming is strictly prohibited. At the entrance, everyone will be asked to turn off their phones.

Ritter Sport

It is in Germany that delicious square bars of Ritter Sport chocolate are made. For tourists, the company offers several ideas. You can visit the main factory in Waldenbuch, near Stuttgart. There they will be guided through the Visitor Center with a chocolate exhibition and a chocolate workshop. Kids can make their own chocolate and even design wrappers for it. At the entrance they will take € 6 for an individual visit or € 4 if you are traveling in a group. The company recently opened an entertainment center in Berlin. There is also a workshop, exhibition and shops. Visitors will be able to walk along the Chocolate Route, where they will learn about all the stages of preparation. Entrance to the complex is free.

bmw

Germany is a giant car manufacturing country. Tourists are expected at the factories of Porsche, Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, but still the BMW concern has no equal in terms of the number of visitors. In addition to the "world of BMW" in Munich, excursions are carried out in branches in Berlin and Leipzig. Tourists will definitely be shown cab assembly lines, a forging and pressing shop, a painting shop, a shop for the production of engines and interior equipment. Of course, you can't do without armor. Preferably two to three months. A visit costs € 8. Schoolchildren, students, pensioners, families with children and BMW owners will receive a discount of up to € 5. You can save even more by visiting the factory with a group of up to 30 people. Then you have to pay from €100 to €120 for everyone. At the entrance, all means of communication will have to be deposited in a safe.

ITALY

Lamborghini

And here it was not without automotive giants. The Lamborghini plant (yes, not Lamborghini) is located in the province of Sant'Agata Bolognese in northern Italy. Just a short distance from the popular and world famous Milan, Venice and Verona. If you are in those parts, you can book a tour of the production. Currently, only two sports models are produced there. And you will be happy to show the whole process of their creation. In front of your eyes, one of the cars will even have the famous Lamborghini V10 engine installed. In addition, they will take them to the tannery and show what painstaking work is being done on the future upholstery material. For sightseers, the plant opens its doors from Monday to Friday. Individual visits are not practiced. Pre-registration required. The ticket costs €40. Students, seniors and group members of 20 or more people will be reduced to €30.

Ferrari

Of course, you have heard of Ferrari as well. Since the founding of the company in 1929, it has been creating only racing and sports cars. The largest plant for their production is located in Maranello, which is also in northern Italy. And even though the main point of attraction for tourists is the museum, they will also be allowed to enter production. In addition to the main exhibitions, you will be shown the place where the very first Ferrari car was built. In addition, you can take a look at the famous Fiorano test track, opened in 1972. A visit to the complex costs € 13. For families - € 9 per person. Students and pensioners - € 11.

BONUS

It just so happened that the majority of European enterprises popular among tourists are located in three countries. This is not surprising, because it was there that European industrial tourism first of all originated. But we are not limited to them. Here are a few more businesses you won't regret visiting.

Wenger

The legendary Wenger Swiss knife factory is located in Delémont. You definitely know their logo in the form of a slightly modified red and white flag of Switzerland. Initially, the factory produced folding knives only for army needs. It was Wenger who came up with the idea to introduce many options into a compact knife in the form of a screwdriver, scissors, blade, corkscrew, sharpening for a fishhook and a nail file. It is not surprising that now such an accessory must be present in the arsenal of any traveler. A school teacher looks funny, who holds a knife in his hands in front of the children, because a laser pointer is built into it. But the Swiss also produce this. On the clock free tour they will show all the stages of production of miracle knives and tell the secrets of creation. Of course, you should think about visiting in advance and book a visit by phone so as not to go in vain.

Lego

Do you remember how much pain you can experience if you carelessly step on a Lego piece? And when you visit their production complex in Danish Billun, you will be captured by completely opposite emotions. It's just that it's extremely difficult to get there. The plant opens its doors to tourists only a few times a year. There are currently no vacancies even for June 2018! Lucky sightseers will spend two days at the factory. And here it seems to be nothing of the sort: ordinary trips to the shops, where they will show how the favorite designer of children is made. Themselves children under 7 years of age will not be allowed to enter the production. At the end, everyone is given a branded gift. But participation in the festival will cost € 1950! The amount includes full meals, accommodation and a present. Alternatively, small Billun is itself an open-air Lego museum.

Salt mine "Velichka"

And this is the most lamp point of our digest. Almost half of the Belarusians visited the salt mines in Wieliczka, Poland, as they are included in any excursion program across Krakow. Underground Velichka is 300 km of corridors, 3000 cameras. Max Depth- 327 meters. But only 3.5 kilometers have been allocated for tourist services. Inspection is carried out only with a guide. And this is the only place in this material where they will conduct an acquaintance with the attraction in Russian. A Russian-speaking guide provides services a maximum of 2 times a day: around 11 o'clock and in the afternoon. The entrance ticket for an adult will cost € 16. For pensioners and young people under 25 - € 12.75. There is also a family ticket for €45 (2 adults, 2 children).

Photo - official pages of enterprises, aglobetrot.com ,

Industrial tours

It is interesting for the buyer to see how they do what he would like to buy. Industrial tourism is the organization of regular tourist tours to existing (or once operating) industrial enterprises. Since industrial tourism is an interdisciplinary phenomenon, there are almost no studies devoted to it. All that is there is a huge number of examples of cities successfully exploiting tourists in their enterprises. In France alone, 1,700 companies hosted tourists at their production sites. The leader here is the tidal power plant in Rance, which annually receives 300,000 tourists. And in England, 400,000 people visit the Cadberry Chocolate Factory. In Spain, wine tours are becoming commonplace, in France - cheese tours, in the Netherlands - flower tours...

However, the pioneers in industrial tourism were American companies. The precedent was set when the Jack Daniel's factory opened its doors to tourists in 1866 when it opened itself. Today, there are very few businesses that do not accept tourists in the United States. It is considered bad form for every serious company, be it a car assembly plant, a sawmill, or an airport, not to take tourists, it is a threat to the company's reputation. Americans can be understood: in the absence of deep historical heritage the present should be made a spectacular and informative “legacy”. In Germany, on the contrary, the emphasis is on the post-industrial motif: for example, abandoned coal and salt mines in the Ruhr, shipyards from the Second World War. Although, of course, many operating enterprises are also open. The leader in attendance is the BMW plant in Wolfsburg, Bavaria (260,000 tourists a year).

Not only the production of goods, but also the production of services can be turned into a show without compromising the production process. You just need to want to - and foresee a direct benefit in this.

Why is it interesting for tourists? Today's tourists are "place collectors". They, the victims of global acceleration, are no longer fully satisfied with the standard tourist assortment - sea beaches and art galleries. They are increasingly striving for complex experiences - combining leisure with educational goals, improving health with excursions, attending a business conference with sports activities and sightseeing. An excursion to the enterprises is just what you need. A familiar city opens up from an unusual angle. Products that are produced, as they say, online, you can immediately touch (and in some cases do it yourself), try, try on, buy. Industrial tourism is especially in demand among those traveling with children. They wonder what happened to ice cream and chocolate before they got to the supermarket.

I suspect there is another important side effect. The transformation of production into a tourist attraction stimulates the company to improve the corporate climate and labor relations. Cleaning in the shops, a clean work uniform, a presentable appearance of equipment and much more, in which the average Russian director did not see the point before, become meaningful. Yes, and the motivation of the workers changes when they are looked at as a museum treasure. So, the company receives consumer loyalty, effective brand support. And the turnover of souvenir shops located at the points where excursions end is 30% higher than in other points with similar products.

Finally, it is unnecessary to say how the city budget benefits from stimulating the sale of city goods and services. But in addition, cities are acquiring new brands, new unexpected and attractive elements of the image, as well as more tourists - this "walking money" of our time. Only in cities there is an infrastructure for industrial tourism - transport, communications, trade, hotels, cafes. In addition, excursions to operating enterprises are, as a rule, an additional “load” to other tourist magnets, which are again concentrated in cities. Moreover, the most popular among tourists are objects that are brands of specific cities. For example, the port complex in Rotterdam or the Rolex factory in Zurich. The city itself provides the popularity of the brand.

In Russia, excursions to Moscow confectionery factories have been famous since Soviet times. Other new examples are emerging. However, these are rather exceptions to the rule. In addition, all this is done clearly without passion, as a tribute to fashion and without taking into account the multilateral benefits that are listed above. Firstly, it is very difficult to get on such excursions. Most often they are available only to special guests, sometimes to school groups. Registration for a visit to the Rot Front factory is held two days in mid-August a year in advance. It is possible to note the Baltika concern, which conducts tours at its factories in St. Petersburg, Tula and Chelyabinsk, as well as the Mikoyanovsky Combine, the Kristall plant in Moscow.

Of the cities, Chelyabinsk acquires real chances of soon becoming the capital of industrial tourism. And for how many cities this sphere could become a saving straw! There are dozens of depressed ghost towns in Russia, which will soon be left with almost nothing but the majestic ruins of the Soviet economy. Asbest, Kizel, Chapaevsk, Karabash, Shchuchye, Baikalsk, Kopeysk, Krasnouralsk, Tyrnyauz, Ozerny and dozens of other cities - taiga, northern, mining, single-industry, rotational, military. For such cities, industrial tourism is almost the only chance to remain on the map of the homeland. Here we are talking, of course, not about visiting existing production facilities, but about turning into unique museums objects that, at their end, were the nightmare of the territory. After all, if the process cannot be stopped, then it must be led. This principle has long been used by many successful politicians, businessmen and even entire nations.

What is needed to organize an industrial tour? As the practice of other countries shows, the financial costs of organizing tourist routes for existing enterprises are relatively small. Another thing is working with old, abandoned sites. Here we need a special investment project to turn them into a spectacular national heritage. But in both cases, a resource is needed, which we still have a great shortage of. It is the ability of different interests to cooperate in one project. The first step in industrial tourism is cooperation between city and regional authorities, the local business elite, local local historians and travel companies. Here it is, the ideal field for public-private partnership, which we also tend to talk a lot about.