Where is the Mariana Trench ocean. Amazing Mariana Trench - the deepest place on earth
Do you think the deepest places on the planet can reach 10 kilometers? Let's figure it out together. Given the fact that the core of the Earth is about six kilometers from the surface, they probably cannot. However, our world is very amazing place. We bring to your attention the Top 10 most unique depressions, pits, wells and other deep zones that amaze with their history and dimensions. We will consider not only land, but also water expanses. Let's talk about the origin and significance of artificially made pits. Let's find out how close a person can get to the core of the planet!
Top 10 deepest places in the world
10
In England, there is the most amazing well in the world called Woodingdean. Construction of this facility began in 1858. At that time, no one planned to build such a huge pit. Initially, the well was planned to be dug only 122 meters. However, after reaching the goal, the craftsmen failed to find water. As a result, the specialists of that time continued their work and reached the bowels at a depth of 392 meters. It is difficult to say how many victims this structure cost. Every day people had to go down fragile stairs.
The deepest mine on our planet, which is also known for the work of a unique excavator. The depth is 370 meters. At the same time, with the help of the world's largest equipment, about twenty-five tons of brown coal are lifted daily. This is not all - it turns out that there is a Sophienhöhe hill near the quarry, which is the largest artificial hill on the planet. With its help, you can see the entire mine, it rises 300 meters above the sea. So Sophienhöhe is almost as big as Tagebau Hambach is deep.
In Mexico, there is the largest karst funnel, whose name is El Zakaton, which attracts drivers from all over the world. It is as attractive as it is dangerous, because the depth is 339 meters. It was formed during the Pleistocene, about 12 million years ago. The huge depression is completely filled with water. According to official data, only one robot has managed to reach the bottom of the funnel to date. Naturally, the pressure is beyond comprehension.
Baikal - property Russian Federation, the depth of which reaches 1642 meters. You might be interested to get acquainted with other dimensional lakes on our planet! As for Baikal, it should be noted that people have been actively trying to conquer the depth of this fresh water body since 1977. For the first time, the goal was achieved with the help of the bathyscaphe "Mir", submerged to a maximum depth of 1640 meters. The event took place in 2009! Baikal is also included in our rating of the largest lakes in Russia and takes second place there.
More than 2 km.
In Abkhazia there is a cave called Krubera. locals also called Crow's Cave. So, its depth is more than 2 kilometers. One of the deepest places on land was discovered in 1960 by a certain Alexander Kruber, after whom, in fact, the cave got its name. To this day, the unique place delights a lot of archaeologists and researchers from different parts of our planet. However, as well as brave tourists.
In Canada, namely Ontario, there is a zinc mine called Kidd Mine. The depth of the amazing lowland is 2733 meters above sea level. Such mines cannot be found, not only because of their size, but also because of the minerals that are regularly managed to be removed from the expanse of the quarry. It is located in the northern part of the state, closest to the center of the planet. It should be noted that underground it expands significantly. At the same time, deepening of the mine is planned at the end of this year!
The deepest point in the Arctic Ocean
Unfortunately there is no photo.
The Litke Gutter is perhaps not a very hospitable place, the depth of which is about 5500 m. It is located about 350 kilometers from the Arctic desert, near the island of Svalbard. In the Northern Arctic Ocean he cannot find competitors in depth. For the first time, the Litke Gutter was discovered by members of the expedition of the ship "Fedor Litke" back in 1955. In honor of this mission, as well as the name of the leader, the depression received its name.
Milwaukee is the deepest point in the ocean, located in the expanse of Atlantic waters. Just imagine that its depth is 8740 m. That is, the distance is greater than to the core of the Earth. Here is the answer to the main question of this text. But that's not all. It was first recorded by the Milwaukee (America). Located on the border caribbean. For a long time, geologists have tried to understand where the fault occurs, but to this day there is no exact answer. Most likely, it was formed as a result of a volcanic eruption due to a powerful tsunami. If you're interested, you can find out what they are!
Many people know that the highest point is Everest (8848 m). If you are asked where is the deepest point of the ocean, what will you answer? Mariana Trench- this is the place we want to tell you about.
But first I want to note that they never cease to amaze us with their riddles. The described place is also still not properly studied for quite objective reasons.
So we offer you Interesting Facts about the Mariana Trench or, as it is also called, the Mariana Trench. Below are valuable photographs of the mysterious inhabitants of this abyss.
It is located in the western part Pacific Ocean. Exactly this deep place in the world, of all known today.
Having a V-shape, the cavity runs along Mariana Islands over 1500 km.
Mariana Trench on the map
An interesting fact is that the Mariana Trench is located at the junction: the Pacific and the Philippine.
The pressure at the bottom of the trough reaches 108.6 MPa, which is almost 1072 higher than the normal pressure.
Probably, now you understand that because of such conditions, it is extremely difficult to explore the mysterious bottom of the world, as this place is also called. Nevertheless, the scientific community, starting from the end of the 19th century, has not ceased to study this mystery of nature step by step.
Exploration of the Mariana Trench
In 1875, an attempt was made for the first time to globally explore the Mariana Trench. The English expedition "Challenger" carried out measurements and analysis of the trough. It was this group of scientists who set the initial mark at 8184 meters.
Of course, this was not the full depth, since the capabilities of that time were much more modest than today's measuring systems.
Soviet scientists also made a huge contribution to research. An expedition led by the Vityaz research vessel in 1957 began its own studies and found that there is life at a depth of more than 7,000 meters.
Until that time, there was a strong belief that at such a depth life is simply impossible.
We invite you to look at a curious image Mariana Trench to scale:
Diving to the bottom of the Mariana Trench
1960 was one of the most fruitful years in terms of the study of the Mariana Trench. The Trieste research bathyscaphe made a record dive to a depth of 10,915 meters.
This is where something mysterious and inexplicable began. Special devices that record underwater sound began to transmit terrible noises to the surface, reminiscent of the grinding of a saw on metal.
The monitors registered mystical shadows, which in shape resembled fairy-tale dragons with several heads. For an hour, scientists tried to capture as much data as possible, but then the situation began to get out of hand.
It was decided to immediately raise the bathyscaphe to the surface, since there were reasonable fears that if you wait a little longer, the bathyscaphe will forever remain in the mysterious abyss of the Mariana Trench.
For more than 8 hours, specialists have been extracting unique equipment made of heavy-duty materials from the bottom.
Of course, all the instruments, and the bathyscaphe itself, were carefully placed on a special platform for studying the surface.
What was the surprise of the scientists when it turned out that almost all the elements of the unique apparatus, made of the most durable metals at that time, were severely deformed and mangled.
The cable, 20 cm in diameter, lowering the bathyscaphe to the bottom of the Mariana Trench, was half sawn. Who and why tried to cut it remains a mystery to this day.
An interesting fact is that only in 1996 the American newspaper The New York Times published the details of this unique study.
lizard from the Mariana Trench
The German expedition "Highfish" also encountered the inexplicable mysteries of the Mariana Trench. While plunging the research apparatus to the bottom, scientists encountered unexpected difficulties.
Being at a depth of 7 kilometers under water, they decided to raise the equipment.
But the technology refused to obey. Then special infrared cameras were turned on to find out the cause of the failures. However, what they saw on the monitors plunged them into indescribable horror.
On the screen, a fantastic lizard of gigantic proportions was clearly visible, which was trying to gnaw through the bathyscaphe, like a squirrel nut.
Being in a state of shock, the hydronauts activated the so-called electric gun. Having received a powerful discharge of current, the lizard disappeared into the abyss.
What was it, fantasy of the possessed research work scientists, mass hypnosis, delirium of people tired of colossal stress, or just someone's joke - is still unknown.
The deepest place in the Mariana Trench
On December 7, 2011, researchers at the University of New Hampshire submerged a unique robot to the bottom of a research trough.
Thanks to modern equipment managed to register a depth equal to 10,994 m (+/- 40 m). This place was named after the first expedition (1875), which we wrote about above: “ Challenger Abyss».
Inhabitants of the Mariana Trench
Of course, after these inexplicable and even mystical secrets, logical questions began to arise: what monsters live at the bottom of the Mariana Trench? After all, for a long time it was believed that below 6000 meters the existence of living beings is in principle impossible.
However, later studies of the Pacific Ocean in general, and the Mariana Trench in particular, confirmed the fact that at a much greater depth, in impenetrable darkness, under monstrous pressure and water temperature close to 0 degrees, lives great amount unseen beings.
Undoubtedly, without modern technology, made of the most durable materials and equipped with cameras that are unique in their properties, such a study would be simply impossible.
Half-meter mutant octopus 
One and a half meter monster 
As a summary, we can confidently say that at the bottom of the Mariana Trench, between 6000 and 11000 meters under water, the following were reliably found: worms (up to 1.5 meters in size), crayfish, a variety of bacteria, amphipods, gastropods, mutant octopuses, mysterious sea stars, unidentified soft-bodied creatures of two meters in size, etc.
These inhabitants feed mainly on bacteria and the so-called "corpse rain", that is, dead organisms that slowly sink to the bottom.
Hardly anyone doubts that the Mariana Trench stores many more. However, people do not leave attempts to explore this unique place on the planet.
Thus, the only people who dared to dive to the "bottom of the earth" were the American marine specialist Don Walsh and the Swiss scientist Jacques Picard. On the same Trieste bathyscaphe, they reached the bottom on January 23, 1960, sinking to a depth of 10,915 meters.
However, on March 26, 2012, James Cameron, an American director, made a solo dive to the bottom of the deepest point in the oceans. Bathyscaphe collected all the necessary samples and made a valuable photo and video shooting. Thus, we now know that only three people have been in the Challenger Abyss.
Did they manage to answer at least half of the questions? Of course not, since the Mariana Trench still hides much more mysterious and inexplicable things.
By the way, James Cameron stated that after diving to the bottom, he felt completely cut off from the world of people. Moreover, he assured that there are simply no monsters at the bottom of the Mariana Trench.
But here we can recall a primitive Soviet statement, after a flight into space: "Gagarin flew into space - he did not see God." This led to the conclusion that there is no God.
Similarly, here, we cannot unequivocally say that the giant lizard and other creatures that scientists saw in the course of previous studies were the result of someone's sick fantasy.
It is important to understand that the geographic object under study has a length of more than 1000 kilometers. Therefore, potential monsters, the inhabitants of the Mariana Trench, could well be located many hundreds of kilometers from the place of study.
However, these are just hypotheses.
Panorama of the Mariana Trench on Yandex Map
Another interesting fact may intrigue you. On April 1, 2012, Yandex published a comic panorama of the Mariana Trench. On it you can see a sunken ship, water plumes and even the glowing eyes of a mysterious underwater monster.
Despite the humorous idea, this panorama is tied to a real place and is still available to users.
To view it, copy this code into the address bar of your browser:
https://yandex.ua/maps/-/CZX6401a
The abyss knows how to keep its secrets, and our civilization has not yet reached such a development as to “crack” natural mysteries. However, who knows, maybe one of the readers of this article in the future will become the very genius who will be able to solve this problem?
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The ocean is much closer to us than the planets of the solar system. However, its bottom has been studied only by 5 percent. And how many more secrets do the waters of the oceans keep? This is the greatest mystery of our planet.
Max Depth
The Mariana Trench, or otherwise the Mariana Trench, is the deepest place in the world's oceans. Amazing creatures live here and there is practically no light. However, this is the most famous place, which is still not fully understood and is fraught with many unsolved mysteries.
Diving into the Mariana Trench is a real suicide. After all, the water pressure here is thousands of times higher than the pressure at sea level. Max Depth world ocean is approximately 10,994 meters with an error of 40 meters. However, there are daredevils who descended to the very bottom, risking their own lives. Of course, this was not without modern technology.
Where is the deepest place in the oceans
The Mariana Trench is located in the region, and to be more precise, in its western part, closer to the east, near Guam, about 200 kilometers from the deepest place in the world's oceans, it resembles a crescent-shaped trench in shape. The depression is approximately 69 kilometers wide and 2,550 kilometers long.
Mariana Trench coordinates: East longitude - 142°35', North latitude - 11°22'.
bottom temperature
Scientists have suggested that at the maximum depth there should be a very low temperature. However, they were very surprised by the fact that at the bottom of the Mariana Trench this indicator remains above zero and is 1 - 4 ° C. Soon this phenomenon was found and an explanation.
Hydrothermal springs are located approximately at a depth of 1600 meters from the surface of the water. They are also called "white smokers". Jets of very hot water come out of the springs. Its temperature is 450° Celsius.
It is worth noting that this water contains a huge amount of minerals. It is these chemical elements that support life at great depths. Despite such a high temperature, which is several times higher than the boiling point, the water does not boil here. And this is due to the relatively high pressure. At this depth, this figure is 155 times higher than at the surface.
As you can see, the deepest places in the oceans are not so simple. There are still many mysteries hidden in them that need to be unraveled.
Who lives at such a depth
Many people think that the deepest place in the world's oceans is an abyss where life cannot exist. However, this is not the case. At the very bottom of the Mariana Trench, scientists have discovered very large amoebas, which are called xenophyophores. Their body length is 10 centimeters. These are very large unicellular organisms.
Scientists suggest that this type of amoeba has acquired such dimensions due to the environment in which they have to exist. It is worth noting that these single-celled creatures were found at a depth of 10.6 kilometers. Many factors influenced their development. This is the lack of sunlight, and rather high pressure, and, of course, cold water.
In addition, xenophyophores have simply unique abilities. Amoebas tolerate exposure to many chemicals and elements, including lead, mercury and uranium.
shellfish
The pressure at the bottom of the Mariana Trench is very high. In such conditions, even creatures with bones or a shell have no chance to survive. However, not so long ago in Mariana Trench shellfish were found. They live near hydrothermal springs, because serpentine contains methane and hydrogen. These substances allow a living organism to fully form.
It is still not known how mollusks manage to keep their shells in such conditions. In addition, hydrothermal springs release another gas - hydrogen sulfide. And he, as you know, is fatal to any mollusks.
Liquid carbon dioxide in its purest form
The Mariana Trench is a deep place in the oceans, as well as wonderful world with many unexplained phenomena. There are hydrothermal vents located near Taiwan, outside the Okinawa Trench. This is the only underwater area known to this moment where liquid carbon dioxide is present. This place was discovered back in 2005.
Many scientists believe that it was these sources that allowed life to originate in the Mariana Trench. After all, here is not only the optimum temperature, but also chemicals are present.
Finally
The deepest places in the oceans simply amaze with the extraordinary nature of their world. Here you can meet living organisms that feel great in complete darkness and at high pressure and cannot exist in another environment.
It is worth noting that the Mariana Trench has the status of a national monument of the United States. This marine reserve is the largest in the world. Of course, for those who want to visit here, there is a certain list of rules. Mining and fishing is strictly prohibited in this place.
Despite the fact that the oceans are closer to us than the outer planets of the solar system, people explored only five percent of the ocean floor, which remains one of the greatest mysteries of our planet.
Here are other interesting facts about what you can meet along the way and at the very bottom of the Mariana Trench.
Temperature at the bottom of the Mariana Trench
1. Very hot water
Going down to such a depth, we expect that it will be very cold there. The temperature here reaches just above zero, varying 1 to 4 degrees Celsius.
However, at a depth of about 1.6 km from the surface of the Pacific Ocean, there are hydrothermal vents called "black smokers". They shoot water that heats up to 450 degrees Celsius.
This water is rich in minerals that help support life in the area. Despite the temperature of the water, which is hundreds of degrees above the boiling point, she does not boil here due to incredible pressure, 155 times higher than on the surface.
Inhabitants of the Mariana Trench
2. Giant toxic amoeba
A few years ago, at the bottom of the Mariana Trench, they discovered giant 10-centimeter amoebas, called xenophyophores.
These single-celled organisms probably got so big because of the environment they live in at a depth of 10.6 km. The cold temperature, high pressure, and lack of sunlight most likely contributed to these amoeba got huge.
In addition, xenophyophores have incredible abilities. They are resistant to many elements and chemicals, including uranium, mercury and lead,which would kill other animals and people.
3. Clams
The strong water pressure in the Mariana Trench does not give any animal with a shell or bones a chance to survive. However, in 2012, shellfish were discovered in a trough near serpentine hydrothermal vents. Serpentine contains hydrogen and methane, which allows living organisms to form.
To How did mollusks keep their shells under such pressure?, remains unknown.
In addition, hydrothermal vents release another gas, hydrogen sulfide, which is deadly to shellfish. However, they learned to bind the sulfur compound into a safe protein, which allowed the population of these mollusks to survive.
At the bottom of the Mariana Trench
4. Pure liquid carbon dioxide
hydrothermal source Champagne The Mariana Trench, which lies outside the Okinawa Trench near Taiwan, is the only known underwater area where liquid carbon dioxide can be found. The spring, discovered in 2005, got its name from the bubbles that turned out to be carbon dioxide.
Many believe that these springs, called "white smokers" because of the lower temperature, may be the source of life. It was in the depths of the oceans with low temperatures and an abundance of chemicals and energy that life could originate.
5. Slime
If we had the opportunity to swim to the very depths of the Mariana Trench, then we would feel that it covered with a layer of viscous mucus. Sand, in its usual form, does not exist there.
The bottom of the depression mainly consists of crushed shells and plankton residues that have accumulated at the bottom of the depression for many years. Due to the incredible pressure of the water, almost everything there turns into fine greyish-yellow thick mud.
Mariana Trench
6. Liquid sulfur
Volcano Daikoku, which is located at a depth of about 414 meters on the way to the Mariana Trench, is the source of one of the rarest phenomena on our planet. Here is lake of pure molten sulfur. The only place where liquid sulfur can be found is Jupiter's moon Io.
In this pit, called "cauldron", a seething black emulsion boils at 187 degrees Celsius. Although scientists have not been able to explore this place in detail, it is possible that even more liquid sulfur is contained deeper. It may reveal the secret of the origin of life on Earth.
According to the Gaia hypothesis, our planet is one self-governing organism in which all living and non-living things are connected to support its life. If this hypothesis is correct, then a number of signals can be observed in the natural cycles and systems of the Earth. So the sulfur compounds created by organisms in the ocean must be stable enough in the water to allow them to pass into the air and back to land again.
7. Bridges
At the end of 2011, in the Mariana Trench, it was discovered four stone bridges, which stretched from one end to the other for 69 km. They appear to have formed at the junction of the Pacific and Philippine tectonic plates.
One of the bridges Dutton Ridge, which was discovered back in the 1980s, turned out to be incredibly high, like a small mountain. In the high point, the ridge reaches 2.5 km over the Challenger Deep.
Like many aspects of the Mariana Trench, the purpose of these bridges remains unclear. However, the very fact that these formations were discovered in one of the most mysterious and unexplored places is amazing.
8James Cameron's dive into the Mariana Trench
Since opening the deepest place in the Mariana Trench - "Challenger Deep" in 1875, only three people were here. The first was an American lieutenant Don Walsh and researcher Jacques Picard who dived on January 23, 1960 on the Trieste.
After 52 years, another person dared to dive here - a famous film director James Cameron. So March 26, 2012 Cameron went down to the bottom and took some photos.
