Jin xiao city china sightseeing description. Tianjin City (People's Republic of China)
Tianjin (Tiānjīn, 天津) is located along the Bohai Bay, near the Great Canal of China. Luckily located between Beijing and the ocean, Tianjin has one of the busiest ports in China. The city is separated from the capital of the country by only 130 km. and reach Beijing in 30 minutes by high-speed train. The population is over 15 million inhabitants. The city is famous for its long streets that remember colonial times.
History of Tianjin
Until the 12th century, the Haihe Valley did not attract much attention. Gradually, food warehouses began to be built here. Under the Yuan Empire, salt pans were added to the warehouses. Then the capital was moved from Nanjing to Beijing and the development of the settlement received a powerful impetus for development and population growth.
In 1368, it was given the name Tianjinwei, which meant "protection of the heavenly ford", a wall appeared along the perimeter of the settlement, the average height of which is 7.6 m. Trade routes from the southern and central provinces of the country passed through the city. Under the Qing Empire, the development of the city continued, the flow of goods transported by water increased. On carts, goods continued their journey to the capital.
In the 19th century, the importance of the city as a trading artery was greatly shaken. The reason was a change in the course of the Haihe and a careless attitude to the canal, in which a lot of debris had accumulated, preventing normal navigation. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, for political reasons, the wall was demolished, and European houses appeared next to the ancient Chinese buildings.
The colonial expansion of Italy left a noticeable mark in the history of Tianjin. According to the laws of the country, merchants and diplomats had security guarantees only on the territory of their concessions, so gradually the Chinese authorities transferred certain land on which houses of the European image have grown. They were rather small states with their own schools, hospitals and prisons for Italian subjects. In memory of this modern city there is an Italian quarter, and nearby, on 5 streets, about 230 houses are built in the style of French, Italian and English national architecture.
Attractions Tianjin
The city is often called the pearl of tourism. The centuries-old history has left a bright mark in the form of historical sites and old buildings. The combination of modern technology and carefully preserved antiquity gives the city a unique look and attracts tourists from all over the world.
Fragment of the Great Wall of China Huangyaguan (Huangyaguan, 黄崖关) has become one of their favorite tourist attractions. People come here to, having overcome many steps and transitions, to admire the magnificent views of nature. The date of construction of this section is considered to be 557, since then restoration work has been carried out, and at the end of the 20th century the wall was recognized as a state relic. Eye
Tianhou mazu (天后妈祖) considered the oldest temple in Tianjin. It was dedicated to a clairvoyant woman who lived in the 10th century. Now the temple is recognized as a state historical monument.
Tropical Botanical Garden (天津热带植物园) named Asia's largest indoor botanical garden. It can be safely called a theme park, since 5 different ones are combined in one place. In the garden of tropical plants of Tianjin, there are also small souvenir shops, cozy rest areas.
Tianjin Eye Bridge (天津眼桥), that is the name of the famous Ferris wheel. This is the only Ferris wheel located on the bridge. The booth with visitors rises to a distance of 110 meters from the surface of the earth. From it you can see the panorama with a radius of up to 40 km.
The wheel rotates quite slowly, so there is plenty of time to enjoy the panorama of the city and take good photos.
Tianjin City Museum occupies more than 11 thousand m² of exhibition space. There are more than 200 thousand historical and artistic exhibits here. Ancient and modern household items, coins, jewelry, documents, folk art products tell about the history of the city, its development and role in common history country. Externally, the museum building resembles a swan spreading its wings for flight. A bold architectural idea with the help of modern technologies has found its embodiment and has become an artistic masterpiece in itself.
Porcelain house (Yuebao House, 瓷房子) resembles a dollhouse forgotten on the street. Only the size is too big for a toy. Outside and inside the mansion is decorated with antique items and porcelain utensils, crystals and ornamental stone. The house is guarded by 4 powerful dragons decorated with porcelain fragments. They wrap around the columns and rush to the foundation as a symbol of protection and a manifestation of strength. The most valuable samples of porcelain became elements of decoration of walls, ceilings, window and door openings. The embodiment of the dream of an eccentric collector became available to visitors in 2007 and to this day operates as a museum.
Mount Panshan proudly bears the title of mountain number 1 reaching a height of more than 1000 m. mountain range densely covered with greenery, hiding 72 monasteries, pagodas and pavilions. On the way to them, tourists are waiting for unusual stones, wayward mountain rivers and great amount legends.
Ancient Culture Street (Gu Wenhua Jie, 营天津古文化街) recreates the spirit medieval city. The stylized buildings look really old, having survived the events of many years. Shops with souvenirs, handicrafts, jade figurines, and accessories for national painting are crowded on both sides. The aroma of shops selling sweets attracts.
The architecture of the city is a bizarre mixture of traditional buildings, European houses, modern high-rise buildings and real masterpieces, which include the Porcelain House and the TV Tower.
Industry of Tianjin
Production is represented by enterprises of light and heavy industry. The city is included in the economic zone of the Bohai ring, automotive industry and petrochemistry are considered important industries. Interestingly, almost a quarter of the bicycles produced in the country come off the assembly lines of enterprises in Tianjin. Until now, salt mining enterprises account for most of the income, an important contribution to the city's economy is made by fishing and the cultivation of rice, wheat and corn.
The Airbus company has opened a line for the assembly of airliners, components are supplied to the plant from all over the country. The petrochemical industry in the city is gradually increasing momentum, working on local and imported resources.
Universities of Tianjin
Hebei Polytechnic University exists for more than 100 years, first as a college, and then acquiring the status of a higher educational institution. The main direction of study is engineering specialties, but the faculties of natural and human sciences, management, economics and design are also open. On the territory of the university are equipped sport complexes, laboratories and housing for students.
Dabeiyuan Temple
The Temple of Great Compassion, northeast of the Old City, is the busiest Buddha shrine in the city. It originated in the 17th century, its sculptural decoration, destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, was restored in 1980. The structure follows the usual pattern. The main figure in the main hall is Shakyamuni Buddha. In the next hall, the 24-handed Guanyin is revered. Tianwei Lu 26. Opening hours: Tue-Sun. 9.00-16.30.
Ancient Culture Street (Gu Wenhua Jie)
On the bank of the Huaihe, adjoining the east of the Old City, the Ancient Culture Street, a pedestrian zone with arts and crafts shops, was developed. The buildings are new, but built in a traditional architectural style. In the center is a square, on the western side of which stands the Palace of the Heavenly Empress. (Tianhougong), a temple founded in 1326 and restored after the Cultural Revolution, it is dedicated to the patroness of sailors. Opening hours: daily 9.00-16.45.
Old city
Temple of Confucius
Complex founded in the XV century. Confucius Temple with an area of more than 1 hectare pleases the eye with its calm atmosphere. In the main hall, vaulted zithers are visible, which were once played at festivities in honor of the great Teacher; side rooms are used for exhibitions. Opening hours: Tue-Sun. 9.00-16.00.
Old Town Museum
The building, built in the era of the Republic at the expense of a wealthy citizen of Tianjin, (today it houses the Old Town Museum), in itself - a wonderful exhibit. A wide variety of items are exhibited in its premises: from kitchen utensils to wedding dresses, which allows you to get acquainted with the life of the city in past decades. Dongmennei Dajie 202 9.00-17.00.
Theater Museum
When the guild of Cantonese merchants who traded in Tianjin erected an imposing meeting house and temporary apartments in the traditional architectural style in 1907, it also served as a theater hall. Performances are sometimes played on its stage to this day; photographs, programs and other evidence of the history of this theater are exhibited in adjoining rooms. Nanmennei Dajie 31. Opening hours: Tue-Sun. 9.00-16.00.
Hepingqu District
The Hepingqu area has the most evidence of the colonial era. It stretches from the southeastern edge of the Old City to Machang Dao Street in the south, and from the Huaihe River in the east to Nanmenwai Dajie and Weijin Lu Streets in the west. From north to south, here are the former concession zones of Japan. (to Jinzhou Dao und Nanjing Lu), France (before Yingkou Dao) and the UK. Heping Lu Street, once called Asahi Road in the north and Rue de Chaylard in the south, is now Tianjin's main business street.
Jiefang Beiiu
The 100-year-old bank buildings on Jiefang Beilu, once Rue de France to the north and Victoria Road to the south, retain the atmosphere of the past. There is also a symbol hotel business Tianjin is rich in traditions "Astor Lishunde".
french church
If you go west from Jiefang Beilu, then at the end of Binjiang Dao Street you can see the French Church (Lao Xikai Tianzhu Jiaotang), built and painted in 1913-1916. in the style of neo-romanticism; it is the largest church in the city.
wuda dao
Five large streets in the British concession area, a little south of the French church, are not very wide and do not differ in impressive buildings, but here the colonial atmosphere is preserved almost in its original form. There are six streets under the protection of monuments: Chengdu Dao (London Road), Chongqing Dao (Edinburgh Road), Changde Dao (Colombo Road), Dali Dao (Singapore Road), Munan Dao (Hong Kong Road) and Machang Dao (Race Course Road) between Kunming Lu in the west and Hebei Lu in the east. Here you can see two hundred and thirty villas that belonged, in particular, to the British, French and Germans. Learn more about the history of concessions at the Tianjin Museum of Modern History, Hebei Lu 314. Opening hours: Mon.-Fri. 9.00-17.00.
Tianjin Museum
By its 600th anniversary in 2004, the city received a stunning new museum building. It merged the collections of the former Museum of Art and the Museum of the History of the City. The exposition on the history of the city is located on the second floor: ancient bronze vessels, porcelain, calligraphy, ink painting and grater stones. A floor above, photographs, large dioramas and other exhibits vividly illustrate the history of the city. Youyi Lu, corner of Pinjiang Dao. Opening hours: daily 9.00-17.00 (entrance until 16.00).
How to get there
Tianjin is a major transportation hub with connections to all major Chinese cities and foreign countries. From Tianjin Airport (southeast of the city), planes fly to all major Chinese cities, as well as to Japan, Korea, Malaysia and Singapore.
Purchases
Tianjin is known for its traditional Chinese New Year's yangliuqing prints, which are widely circulated; You can buy them, for example, opposite the Tianhougong Temple on Culture Street. Another popular item is caricature clay figurines of people engaged in daily activities: Zhang Caisu Clay Figure Workshop, Machang Dao 202.
Tianjin is one of the oldest Chinese cities, a major tourist, cultural and historical center. It is located near Beijing. The population is 15.7 million people (as of 2015). In the east, the waters of the Bohai Gulf stretch, in the north - the Great Chinese Canal. Tianjin is a large port city, famous for its original culture and original architecture, a city that honors folk traditions and customs.
A bit of history
The history of Tianjin dates back to ancient times (1404), during the reign of the Tang Dynasty. During this period, the city served as a royal port. During the reign of the Chinese emperor Yongle, here, like mushrooms, they began to grow fortifications. And Tianjin has become a major military center. Over time, its territory expanded, numerous civil buildings appeared around. A lot has changed over the past 600 years. The borders between ancient structures and modern buildings have worn out. Currently, Tianjin is a huge metropolis with its own unique zest, incredible charm and charm. Walking along its long winding streets, tourists can admire the ancient colonial buildings, restaurants, made in the oriental national style. And then visit one of the new districts of the city - check into a luxury hotel, have a bite to eat in a luxurious restaurant, wander through elite boutiques.
Attractions Tianjin
Old city
You can start your tour of Tianjin from the picturesque quarters of the Old City. The first point of the trip is the Dabeiyuan Buddhist temple, dated to the 17th century. This is a small oblong structure, created in the likeness of ancient Chinese temples. In the main hall there is a huge sculpture of Buddha. Directly from the gate of Dabeiyuan stretched the street of ancient culture. This is a large, well-equipped pedestrian area. A huge number of shops, cafes, restaurants are concentrated here. The buildings were built relatively recently, but still they are distinguished by their characteristic oriental style. In the middle of the street is a town square. Its main decoration is the Palace of the Heavenly Empress - an ancient Chinese temple.
The next point of the tour is the Temple of Confucius, dating back to the 15th century. Right at the entrance, visitors are greeted by a Buddha statue. Surrounding the complex is a wonderful picturesque park. The building is decorated with traditional paintings, carved patterns and snow-white balustrades. Red bunk roof with characteristic curved corners. Not far from the temple, the city museum has sheltered, the exposition of which includes a variety of household items - dishes, clothes, tools. Another attraction of the area is the Theater Museum. Performances are still staged within its walls. In the adjacent rooms you can see several collections of old photographs and books dedicated to the theater.
Hepingqu District
The next point of the excursion is the Hepingqu area. He seemed to be stuck in the colonial era. Its territory is divided into several concession zones. And from the variety of architectural styles, the head is spinning. Here and strict English classics, and exquisite French splendor, German restraint and Japanese motifs. Particular attention is drawn to itself - the building of the old bank and the neo-romantic French church. On the territory of Hepingqu there are about two hundred private villas owned by foreigners. Connoisseurs of oriental culture and history simply must visit the building of the Tianjin Museum. Two museums are located in its camps at once - historical Museum and an art gallery. Tourists can see old photographs, national dishes, porcelain and bronze items, ancient manuscripts, and calligraphy.
Other attractions
To the north of Tianjin stretch the Panshan mountain ranges, a favorite haunt of Chinese emperors. A wonderful natural resort, impressive with its magnificent natural scenery. The Temple of the Lonely Heart is a fairly ancient building, surprising with its powerful wooden structure. Within the city there are a huge number of natural parks and gardens. Among the most popular is the Garden of Tranquility. There are beautiful carved terraces, a long picturesque alley, numerous pavilions, artificial ponds, cozy gazebos and colorful flower beds. Tianjin Water Park is another great vacation spot. On its territory there are three delightful lakes and nine small green islands. For the youngest guests, the doors of the city zoo are open. Several hundred rare animals and birds live within its walls.
City within a city
In the west of Tianjin lies the charming little town of Yangliuqing. It is famous for its numerous craft workshops for making New Year's paintings. At first they were created by hand, painted with traditional patterns, fancy drawings, then they began to print on machine tools. Bright saturated colors are a prerequisite for production.
haihe river
Mother River - this is how the locals called Haihe. Wonderful water walks are provided for tourists. The main property of Haihe is the Jintangqiao Bridge. Its unusually fragile construction surprises and fascinates. The steps leading to the bridge are made of thick glass. The bridge itself is a real architectural masterpiece. Illuminated by hundreds of blue lanterns, it seems airy and weightless.
Tearooms in Tianjin
Tianjin teahouses are pride local residents, their property. Here you can perfectly relax and unwind. You can come here in any clothes, a strict style is not required. Visitors are entertained by cheerful "xiangsheng", masters of jokes and jokes. Clients are served a fragrant tea drink, its preparation in China, a strict consecutive ceremony.
Information for tourists
Getting to Tianjin is not particularly difficult. Located in the vicinity of the city international Airport, which receives dozens of flights daily from Japan, Singapore, Korea, Malaysia and other cities in China.
Tourists arrive in the city of Tianjin (China) from Beijing by high-speed trains. Travel time does not exceed thirty minutes. A few years ago, this route took an hour and a half. Intervals between flights are short. The trains depart from the platform of the South Railway Station of the capital. The ticket price depends on the class and varies in the range of 58-99 yuan.
Geography and climate
Tianjin (China) occupies the northern lands of the country. The metropolis is subordinate to Central District China. The city is recognized as the third largest in the country. His possessions stretched along and bordered on thanks to which locality has access to and Huanghe. The closest neighbor is Hebei Province. The relief of the region is represented by flat terrain.
Proximity to provides the region with warm and humid weather. Sultry in summer and moderately cool in winter - this is how you can describe Tianjin, whose climate is characterized as continental. The bathing season in the province starts in June and ends in September. The coldest month is February. The maximum precipitation falls in July, but the beginning of autumn pleases travelers with an abundance of hours of sunshine. October - best time for leisurely walks and sightseeing holiday. The number of clear days during this period exceeds 27.
Demographics and Economics
The municipality is formed by rural and urban settlements, the number of inhabitants of which exceeds 14 million. Noisy and polyphonic, authentic and high-tech - this is the modern metropolis of Tianjin, with a population of 10 million people. Representatives of fifty nationalities and small nationalities are registered on its territory. The lion's share of the inhabitants of the city are Hans, Koreans, Mongols, Hui and Manchus.
The industry of the region consists of chemical enterprises, textile factories, automobile plants, mechanical engineering and metalworking. The oil production industry is actively developing. To share Agriculture accounts for 40% of GDP. The province grows corn, rice and wheat. Fishing is underway. Tianjin (China) is part of a special economic zone within the Bohai Ring.
colonial past
Back in the middle of the 19th century, which in the history of the country was marked by two opium wars at once, the territory of the city was given to European merchants. Echoes of those times can still be seen on the original Chinese streets. The British concession has been preserved in its original appearance. These are houses adjacent to each other, and gabled tiled roofs, and openwork carvings of a cast-iron fence.
There is also a horse racing arena in Tianjin, outside of which skyscrapers typical of the Celestial Empire rise. A similar fate befell many coastal Chinese cities: Shanghai, Hong Kong, Dalian, Xiamen and others.
Historical heritage
You can get acquainted with the traditional culture of the municipality on the tourist street Gu Wenhua Jie. It has a lot of souvenir shops, shops selling incense, amulets and handicrafts of local artisans.
At the foot of the Great Wall of China there is a special atmosphere. Picturesque views open from its skeletons. Every year it becomes a venue for the Yin and Yang Music Festival. Central Square is one of the most beautiful places in Tianjin. It so happened that the district, like many Chinese cities, grew around it like an intricate maze.
Parks and squares
Shuishang Park, Tianjin People's Park, Haihe Bund Park, Beining Park, Xigu Park are the main recreational areas of the district. The most popular recreation area for residents and visitors in the city of Tianjin (China) is considered central park. Its shady alleys meander around bush-covered pavilions and plaster sculptures. In the daytime, walking in it is absolutely safe. Picnics are arranged on spacious lawns, and swans are watched from wooden benches surrounding the lake.
The Botanical Garden introduces guests to the tropical flora of the country and neighboring regions. Its territory is amazing in scale. You can wander through it for hours.
Museums
The main historical museum of the city of Tianjin (China) is located on Yinhe Square, which is located within walking distance from the main transport arteries of the metropolis. Even a cursory inspection of the exhibits will take a whole day. Within its walls, all the milestones in the development of the province, affecting the years of the opium wars, as well as the revolutionary past and the communist present of the country, are clearly and truthfully presented.
Ankint Street Temple is a specialized museum under open sky. Once it was part of an ancient settlement. The Museum of Science and Technology deserves close attention. It is located on Longchang Street. Its sections are interesting not only for adults, but also for preschoolers.
Architecture
Porcelain house is rightfully recognized calling card the city of Tianjin, the sights of which amaze the imagination of a sophisticated traveler. The entrance ticket costs 50 yuan. Students receive a discount. The complex itself is small, but worth the money spent on visiting it.
The roof, columns, doors, building decor and walls - absolutely everything in it is made of porcelain dishes. The courtyard is almost always crowded, the shutters of cameras are clicking, the English-speaking guides are fluently speaking. On its territory there is a souvenir shop selling jewelry.
The TV tower is another place that is mentioned in guidebooks. It won't be hard to find her. It rises in the southwest of the city.
Tianjin(Chinese exercise 天津, pinyin: Tianjin listen)) is one of the four cities of central subordination. The urban area of Tianjin is the third largest in mainland China.
Tianjin belongs to Northern China, located along the Bohai Bay, at the northern end of the Great Canal of China, which is connected with the Yellow River and Yangtze. From the north, south and west, Tianjin borders on the province of Hebei, with the territory of Beijing in the northwest. From the east, the territory of Tianjin is washed by the Bohai Bay. With Beijing, which is located 96 km to the northwest, Tianjin is connected by high-speed rail.
The area of Tianjin is 11,943 km² (31st). The urban area is located along the Haihe River. Ports of Tianjin are located at some distance from the urban area on the shores of the Bohai Bay Pacific Ocean. Despite the proximity of the Yellow Sea, the climate in Tianjin is continental, with sharp temperature changes.
The relief is flat, with adjacent coastal areas.
History
Before the Song Empire, the Haihe Valley was sparsely populated. In the 12th century, warehouses for grain and other products of central and southern China appeared here, which were distributed from here to the northern regions of the country. Under the Yuan Empire, salt pans were established in the Tianjin region.
Gulou Tower (Drum Tower) in Tianjin
The transfer of the capital from Nanjing to Beijing led to the rapid growth of the settlement, which was fortified and in 1368 received the name "protection of the heavenly ford" (Tianjinwei). The city became the gateway to Beijing for the entire population of southern and central China. Europeans admired the newly built temples of the city and the 7.6-meter-high wall that surrounded it.
Location on the extreme northern point The Grand Canal favored the development of the city under the Qing Empire. With each decade, the flow of goods increased: goods brought from all over China through the canals were reloaded here on carts for transportation to the capital.
The diversion of the Haihe and the blockage of the canal dealt a blow to the economic importance of Tianjin in the 19th century. It becomes the residence of a powerful Qing dignitary - the governor of Zhili. In this regard, it was here that such unequal treaties as the Tianjin Russian-Chinese Treaty (1858) and the Tianjin Treaty (1885) were signed.
Foreign concessions in Tientsin, 1912
During the Second Opium War, Tianjin was bombed by the British and French. The Chinese government was forced to make concessions, one of which was the granting of concessions to foreigners in Tianjin. In 1885, the Beiyang Military School was opened in the city.
By the end of the 19th century, modern European quarters had grown up next to the old Chinese city. Nationalist sentiments were strong in the city, the Catholic cathedral and the orphanage were repeatedly subjected to armed attacks.
When the Yihetuan uprising broke out in 1900, foreign armies again entered the city. The city wall was demolished. As a result of the suppression of the uprising, the intervention countries that had not previously had concessions in Tianjin received them, and in total there were eight concessions in the city: Austro-Hungarian (since 1901), Italian (1901), Russian (1900), Belgian (1902). ), Japanese (1888), French (1861), British (1860) and German (1899).
Until 1919, the post office of the Russian Empire was located in the city.
