Asia map in Russian. All Asian countries

Southeast Asia from A to Z: population, countries, cities and resorts. Map of Southeast Asia, photo and video. Descriptions and opinions of tourists.

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And so it happened: people go to Southeast Asia to see the stunning nature, touch the millennial cultures, sunbathe on tropical beaches, and finally, relax with varying degrees of severity (yes, we are talking about Pattaya permissiveness). In general, with any wishes for relaxation (except, perhaps, "skiing" and "ice" hotels) - welcome here!

There are practically no countries in Southeast Asia where tourism would not be developed. Rather, it is more or less massive. For example, if Thailand can be safely called an "all-Union health resort" - perhaps only a principled stay-at-home has not been here, then Brunei and Myanmar are countries that are more closed, chamber, "for those who understand." But first things first. Why is it worth going to the expanses of Southeast Asia?

Let's start with the main subject of interest for vacationers of all ages and nationalities - the sea, sun and beaches. There is more than enough of this in the region, and the available recreational resources can boast of consistently high quality - from a “combed” beach to pleasant hotel trifles, such as a morning orchid in the toilet bowl. In general, we think, the reason for the popularity of a good half of the "yuvash" resorts is the sincere desire of the local population to please the overseas guest.

A look at Southeast Asia

Secondly, people go to the Southeast Asian expanses in order to be surprised. rare animals and active volcanoes, sometimes dumbfounding traditions of local peoples (which is worth at least two weeks of fun in honor of a deceased relative!) and the vagaries of local grocery stores (we are talking about sauce from rotten fish intestines) - in a word, all those riches that Asia has in store for the inquisitive in its bins.

Last but not least, Southeast Asia is popular due to the fact that its territory hosts a truly extraordinary collection of ancient treasures and cultural heritage. What are at least breathtaking Buddhist monuments - from the Myanmar Shwedagon Pagoda to the Lao "footprint of the Buddha".

Finally, enthusiastic athletes from all over the world rush to the local underwater and surface beauties. For example, Vietnamese diving has been unanimously recognized for several years as one of the best in the world in terms of price-quality ratio, and surfing in Malaysia is becoming more and more popular every season - thanks to the efforts of the eastern monsoon, which gives beautiful waves to the “boarders”.

Asia is washed by the Arctic, Indian and Pacific oceans, as well as - in the west - inland seas Atlantic Ocean(Azov, Black, Marble, Aegean, Mediterranean). At the same time, there are vast areas of internal runoff - the basins of the Caspian and Aral Seas, Lake Balkhash, etc. Lake Baikal, in terms of the volume of water contained fresh water surpasses all the lakes of the world; 20% of the world's fresh water reserves are concentrated in Baikal (excluding glaciers). The Dead Sea is the world's deepest tectonic depression (-405 meters below sea level). The coast of Asia as a whole is relatively poorly dissected, large peninsulas stand out - Asia Minor, Arabian, Hindustan, Korean, Kamchatka, Chukotka, Taimyr, etc. Near the coast of Asia - major islands(Large Sunda, Novosibirsk, Sakhalin, Severnaya Zemlya, Taiwan, Philippine, Hainan, Sri Lanka, Japanese, etc.), occupying a total area of ​​more than 2 million km².

At the base of Asia are four huge platforms - Arabian, Indian, Chinese and Siberian. Up to ¾ of the territory of the part of the world is occupied by mountains and plateaus, the highest of which are concentrated in Central and Central Asia. In general, Asia is a contrasting region in terms of absolute elevations. On the one hand, there is highest peak peace - Mount Chomolungma (8848 m), on the other hand, deepest depressions- Lake Baikal with a depth of up to 1620 m and the Dead Sea, the level of which is 392 m below sea level. East Asia is an area of ​​active volcanism.

Asia is rich in various minerals (in particular, fuel and energy raw materials).

Almost all types of climate are represented in Asia - from arctic in the far north to equatorial in the southeast. In East, South and Southeast Asia, the climate is monsoonal (within Asia there is the wettest place on Earth - the place of Cherrapunji in the Himalayas), while in Western Siberia it is continental, in Eastern Siberia and Saryarka it is sharply continental, and on the plains Central, Central and Western Asia - semi-desert and desert climate of temperate and subtropical zones. Southwest Asia - tropical desert, the hottest within Asia.

Far North Asia is occupied by the tundra. To the south is the taiga. Fertile black earth steppes are located in western Asia. Most of Central Asia, from the Red Sea to Mongolia, is occupied by deserts. The largest of them is the Gobi desert. The Himalayas separate Central Asia from the tropics of South and Southeast Asia.

Himalayas - the highest mountain system peace. The rivers, on the territory of the basins of which the Himalayas are located, carry silt to the fields of the south, forming fertile soils.

Detailed map of Asia in Russian. Examine the map of Asia from a satellite. Zoom in and see the streets, houses and sights on the map of Asia.

Asia- the largest part of the world on the planet. It stretches from the Mediterranean coast of the Middle East to the far shores of the Pacific Ocean, including China, Korea, Japan, India. Humid hot regions in southern Asia are separated from the cooler ones by a giant mountain range - the Himalayas.

Together with Europe, Asia forms a continent Eurasia. The dividing border between Asia and Europe runs through the Ural Mountains. Asia is washed by the waters of the rhinestone of three oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Indian. Also, many regions of Asia have access to the seas of the Atlantic Ocean. 54 states are located on the territory of this part of the world.

Supreme Mountain peak on Earth - Chomolungma (Everest). Its height above sea level is 8848 meters. This peak is part of the Himalayas - a mountain range that separates Nepal and China.

Asia is a very long part of the world, so the climate in Asian countries is different and differs depending on the landscape and topography. In Asia, there are states with both subarctic and equatorial climatic zones. In the south of Asia, powerful winds - monsoons - blow from the sea. Air masses saturated with moisture bring heavy rains with them.

Located in Central Asia gobi desert which is called cold. Its lifeless, windswept expanses are covered with stone debris and sand. Orangutans, the only large monkeys living in Asia, live in the tropical rainforests of Sumatra. This species is now under threat of extinction.

Asia- it is also the most densely populated part of the world, because more than 60% of the world's inhabitants live there. The largest population in three Asian countries - India, Japan and China. However, there are also regions that are completely deserted.

Asia- this is the cradle of civilization of the entire planet, since Asia is home to the most ethnic groups and peoples. Each of the Asian countries is distinctive in its own way, having its own traditions. Most of them live along the banks of rivers and oceans and are engaged in fishing and agriculture. Today, many peasants are moving from the countryside to the cities, which are growing rapidly.

About 2/3 of the world's rice is grown in just two countries - China and India. Rice fields where young shoots are planted are covered with water.

The Ganges River in India is the busiest trading place with numerous "floating markets". Hindus consider this river sacred and make mass pilgrimages to its banks.

The streets of Chinese cities are filled with cyclists. Bicycle is the most popular mode of transport in China. Almost all tea in the world is grown in Asia. Tea plantations are processed by hand, only young leaves are plucked, which are dried. Asia is the birthplace of such religions as Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam. There is a giant Buddha statue in Thailand.

Asia is part of the Eurasian continent. The continent is located in the eastern and northern hemispheres. border with North America passes through Bering Strait, and Asia is separated from Africa by the Suez Canal. Also in Ancient Greece attempts were made to establish the exact border between Asia and Europe. Until now, this boundary is considered conditional. In Russian sources, the border is established along the eastern foot of the Ural Mountains, the Emba River, the Caspian Sea, the Black and Marmara Seas, along the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles.

In the west, Asia is washed by the inland seas of the Black, Azov, Marmara, Mediterranean and Aegean seas. The largest lakes of the continent are Baikal, Balkhash and the Aral Sea. Lake Baikal contains 20% of all fresh water reserves on Earth. In addition, Baikal is the most deep lake in the world. His maximum depth in the middle part of the basin - 1620 meters. One of the unique lakes in Asia is Lake Balkhash. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it is freshwater in its western part, and salty in its eastern part. by the most deep sea Asia and the world is considered the Dead Sea.

The continental part of Asia is occupied mainly by mountains and plateaus. the largest mountain ranges in the south are Tibet, Tien Shan, Pamir, Himalayas. In the north and northeast of the mainland are Altai, the Verkhoyansk Range, the Chersky Range, and the Central Siberian Plateau. In the west, Asia is surrounded by the Caucasian and Ural mountains, and in the east - this is the Big and Small Khingan and Sikhote-Alin. On the map of Asia with countries and capitals in Russian, the names of the large mountain ranges of the region are distinguishable. All types of climate are found in Asia - from arctic to equatorial.

According to the UN classification, Asia is divided into the following regions: Central Asia, East Asia, West Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia. There are currently 54 states in Asia. The borders of all these countries and capitals are marked on political map Asia with cities. In terms of population growth, Asia is second only to Africa. 60% of the world's population lives in Asia. China and India make up 40% of the world's population.

Asia is the ancestor of ancient civilizations - Indian, Tibetan, Babylonian, Chinese. This is due to favorable agriculture in many areas of this part of the world. The ethnic composition of Asia is very diverse. Representatives of the three main races of mankind live here - Negroid, Mongoloid, Caucasoid.

Southeast Asia is a major world economic center, known to most for its popular tourist destinations. This vast region is very diverse in terms of ethnic composition of the population, culture and religion. All this eventually affected the general life, is of great interest to tourists from all over the world.

The countries of Southeast Asia is a generalized definition referring to a number of states concentrated south of China, east of India and north of Australia. Despite this, usually the map of southeast Asia includes 11 states.

From the middle of the last century to the present, this part of the world is actively developing and playing a huge role in the global economy. The population of southeast Asia is about 600 million people, the most populous state is Indonesia, and the most populous island is Java.

The length of the region from north to south is 3.2 thousand kilometers, and from west to east - 5.6. The countries of Southeast Asia are:

Sometimes this list includes some other territories controlled by states that are part of Asia, but in general, by location, they are not from among the countries of the southeast. Most often these are islands and territories controlled by China, India, Australia and Oceania, these include:

• (China).
• (China).
• (Australia).
• (China).
• Nicobar Islands (India).
• islands (India).
• Ryukyu Islands (Japan).

According to various sources, about 40% of the world's population lives in the countries of Southeast Asia, many of them have united in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Thus, in 2019, almost half of the world's GDP is produced here. The economic characteristics of recent years are marked by high development in the region in many areas.

Tourism sector

The end of the war between the US and Vietnam had a positive impact on the popularization of resorts in the late 60s. They are still actively developing today, especially since citizens of our country can go to most of these states under a simplified visa regime, and many do not require a visa at all. The countries of Southeast Asia, due to the tropical climate, are suitable for beach holiday all year round.

Nevertheless, in some parts of this giant peninsula, the climate differs at different times of the year, so it will be useful to study the maps beforehand. In the middle and second half of winter, it is better to go to India to the island or to Vietnam, since at this time of the year there is no constant rainfall inherent in the tropical climate. Still suitable for recreation Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar.

• south of China;
• Indonesia;
• Malaysia;
• pacific islands.

The most popular destinations among our tourists are Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines and Sri Lanka.

Peoples and cultures

Racial and ethnic composition Southeast Asia is very heterogeneous. This also applies to religion: the eastern part of the archipelago is mostly inhabited by followers of Buddhism, and there are also Confucians - due to the large number of Chinese immigrants from the southern provinces of the PRC, there are about 20 million of them here. These countries include Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam and a number of other states. It is also not uncommon to meet Hindus and Christians. In the western part of Southeast Asia, Islam is predominantly practiced, it is this religion that ranks first in terms of the number of followers.

The ethnic composition of the region is represented by the following peoples:

And in this list - only a small part of all ethnic groups and subgroups, there are also representatives of the peoples of Europe. By and large, the culture of the southeast is a mixture of Indian and Chinese cultures.

The Spaniards and the Portuguese, who colonized the islands in these places, had a great influence on the population. Arab culture also played a huge role, with about 240 million people practicing Islam here. Over the centuries, common traditions have developed here, almost everywhere in all these countries people eat using Chinese chopsticks, they are very fond of tea.

Yet there are amazing cultural features that will interest any foreigner. One of the most superstitious peoples in the archipelago are the Vietnamese.. For example, it is customary for them to hang mirrors on the outside of the entrance: if a dragon comes, he will immediately run away, frightened by his own reflection. There is still a bad sign to meet a woman in the morning, leaving the house. Or it is considered bad form to lay out cutlery on the table for one person. It is also not customary to touch a person’s shoulder or head, as they believe that good spirits are nearby, and touching them can scare them away.

Demography

In the countries of Southeast Asia, the birth rate has decreased in recent years, however, this part of the world ranks second in terms of population reproduction.

The inhabitants here are very heterogeneously settled, the most densely populated place is the island of Java: the density per 1 square kilometer is 930 people. All are settled on the Indochina Peninsula, which occupies the eastern part of Southeast Asia, and on the western Malay Archipelago, consisting of many large and small islands. The population preferentially lives in the deltas of numerous rivers, the highlands are less populated, and woodlands practically deserted.

Most of all people live outside the cities, the rest settle in developed centers, more often the capitals of states, the lion's share of the economy of which is replenished by the tourist flow.

Thus, almost all of these cities have a population of over 1 million, yet most of the population lives outside of them and is engaged in agriculture.

Economy

Looking at the map, the countries of Southeast Asia can be conditionally divided into 2 camps. The first one includes the following:

• Laos;
• Cambodia;
• Vietnam.

In the post-war period, these countries chose the socialist path of development, when, in fact, territorial division began in order to strengthen national sovereignty. Back in the 1980s, these countries had practically no manufacturing industry, the local population was mainly engaged in agricultural activities. According to UN statistics of those years, these states had a low level of development, per capita income usually did not exceed $500 a year.

The second camp includes the following countries:

• Indonesia;
• Malaysia;
• Singapore;
• Philippines;
• Thailand;
• Brunei.

The countries from this list united in the Association of Southeast Asia (ASEAN) and took the path of a market economy. As a result, the socialist camp achieved less success, although initially the chances for all these countries were almost equal. The income per person per year ranged from 500 to 3 thousand dollars.

The most developed ASEAN countries today are Brunei and Singapore, with about $20,000 per capita. Such indicators were achieved due to the fact that Singapore has a well-developed industry, and Brunei acts as an exporter of petroleum products. Several factors helped the emerging ASEAN:

• Export.
• Industry.
• Foreign investments.
• Creation of corporations with a flexible viable system.
• Reforms.

The ASEAN countries began to develop successfully due to the presence of a large amount of natural resources, in addition, they are constantly engaged in the export of their goods. Even in the countries of Southeast Asia, components are made for various household appliances, electronics and other equipment. Thailand also exports cars.

In countries following the path of socialism, the restructuring of the system began to take place in the late 1980s and produced visible results in just a few years. Vietnam is engaged in oil refining, natural gas production, iron ore, and more. Foreign capital poured into this country from Singapore and a number of European countries. Thailand invested in Laos, and at the end of the 20th century, both states were also able to join ASEAN.