Information about the reserve or national park. The most beautiful reserves and national parks in Russia (names)

At the end of the 19th century, the world community came to the conclusion that if no measures are taken to protect the environment, then the earth may lose many species of flora and fauna. Our planet may lose most of the natural formations that have adorned the earth for centuries. The national park serves to preserve the reserves of natural lands owned by a sovereign state.

No matter how different they are National parks individual countries, they have a common idea - to preserve wildlife for future generations - as a symbol of national pride. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) today states that there are 6,555 national parks in the world.

For the first time, an officially approved national park was national park US Mackinac, northern Michigan; then the Royal National Park, in 1875 - Australia. The largest national park in the world, according to the IUCN, is the Northern Greenland National Park, established in 1974.

The main national parks and reserves of the world

Yellowstone National Park

• Yellowstone National Park is the first public park in the world. Discovered in the Rocky Mountains in the United States back in 1872. Millions of tourists come to see the beauty of pristine nature with bizarre hot geysers. The park is home to an almost lost species of bison;

In 1971, clear criteria were established for evaluating the national park:

Minimum size 1000 ha in zones;

Regulatory legal protection;

Budget and sufficient staff to provide effective protection;

Prohibition on the exploitation of natural resources.

The main national parks and reserves of the world that fall under the special criteria of the IUCN - TOP category

1. Swiss National Park, Switzerland: IUCN Ia - Strict Nature Reserve

2. Everglades National Park, USA: IUCN Ib - Wilderness Area

13. Serra dos Órgãos - National Park.

14. Guanacaste National Park, Costa Rica

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Kafue, the largest park in Zambia

table especially protected natural areas of the world contains background information: protected areas and objects included in them belonging to various countries, such as nature reserves, national parks and reserves.

Its peculiarity lies in the fact that people travel to places whose nature is relatively untouched. It is very important during such trips not to harm the environment. That is why the route often passes through nature reserves and Russia, the names of which can be seen below.

Zabaikalsky National Park

This is one of several parks in Russia that meets the requirements of UNESCO. This area is specially protected at the local and state levels. The territory is located in the taiga region, so mountainous relief prevails. In addition, two mountain ranges pass through the park: Barguzinsky and Sredinny. More than 100,000 tourists visit here every year. different countries. Here you can find such plants and animals that are no longer found in any corner of Russia.

Altai Reserve

If you are interested in nature reserves and (names), then the Altai Nursery is one of the most famous areas in the Russian Federation. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1998. The composition includes five physiographic regions of natural provinces. There are lowlands, plains and uplands. 34% of the territory is occupied by forests, which are located in the lower parts of the mountains, as well as in the valleys.

Moose Island

If you are interested in nature reserves and (names), then we bring to your attention Elk Island. Currently, the park is home to about 200 species of birds, 48 ​​species of mammals, and more than 100 species of plants. It is interesting that there are such individuals here that you will not find anywhere else on the territory of Russia. There are also several picturesque ponds in the park. In addition, anyone can visit Elk Island for free. If necessary, excursions are specially organized here, during which tourists can learn a lot of interesting things about the park, exciting games are played with them, they learn to recognize animal tracks. After the tour, you can go to the centers where visitors of the park are offered delicious dishes, tea from a samovar, films about nature, lectures. In addition, horseback riding and excursions are even organized here. Admission is free, but rules must be followed while in the park.

"Pripyshminsky forests"

The list of reserves and national parks in Russia is striking in its volume, so it is better to visit the most beautiful and famous of them during tourism in the country. One of these reserves is the Pripyshminskiye Bory park. It was created in 1993. On its territory there are two plots separated from each other: Talitskaya and Tugulymskaya dachas. In general, the area of ​​the reserve is almost 50,000 hectares, of which almost 44,000 hectares are covered by forests. Non-forest lands are represented by reservoirs and swamps. Of the trees, conifers predominate, among which pine dominates. Spruce is much less common. Among the representatives of the fauna, squirrel, beaver, roe deer, elk, and marten are distinguished. Relatively recently, a wild boar appeared in the park, the number of which is growing every year.

Samarskaya Luka

Another good option from the list of "Reserves and national parks of Russia (names)" is Samarskaya Luka. The park was organized in 1984. This is a unique place that was created under the influence of the washed waters of the Volga and the Usinsky Bay. The park gained world fame thanks to the local unique relief, unique flora and fauna, peculiar microclimate and other features. In addition, on the territory of Samarskaya Luka there are more than 200 natural monuments, as well as archaeological excavations, so the territory is protected by local and state authorities. Entrance here is free, however, if the rules of conduct are not followed, the guards may ask the tourist to leave.

On the territory of Russia there are other no less interesting parks and reserves. When traveling around the country, be sure to visit at least one of them. So it will be possible to get to know the nature of your homeland, its riches and values ​​much better.

Few things can compare with the magic and splendor of African wildlife. Hardly any other national park in the world can match South Africa's Kruger Game Reserve in terms of its pristine countryside, wildlife and vastness of area.

The Kruger National Park has some of the best safari in the world. In one place you can see a wide range of the largest mammals on earth, a large number of birds, large predators and their prey. If you are a wildlife lover, then this is definitely the place for you.

Sagarmatha National Reserve, Nepal

High and majestic in the Himalayas, Nepal's Sagarmatha Game Reserve contains three of the ten most high mountains around the world, including Everest. Endless glaciers, breathtaking valleys with pristine snow make natural Park Sagarmatha part world heritage UNESCO. And, of course, for wildlife lovers not to visit this alpine reserve means to lose something important.

Fiordland Reserve, New Zealand

If you are a fan of magnificent fjords and boat trips, then this is the place to visit. The main attraction is Milford Sound, but in addition, the other 14 fjords with the most romantic scenery make this park a unique place, unlike any other nature reserve in the world.

Galapagos Islands National Park, Ecuador

With amazing scenery surrounded by clear blue water, the Galapagos Islands are a haven for exotic animals and wildlife. The unique atmosphere of the islands is of historical and scientific value. Recently, eco-tourism initiatives have been strongly supported here.

Tikal National Park, Guatemala

Traveling to Tikal National Park is first and foremost a means to explore the Mayan heritage. Nestled in the wild jungle, Tikal hides fantastic ruins of Mayan settlements that date back to around 250-900 AD. Even what remains from those times strikes the imagination of tourists with the amazing architecture of temples and the variety of various wild animals. Tikal is a place for amazing adventures and unforgettable experiences.

Reserve "Yellow Dragon", China

The calcium sediment here creates the illusion of gold, which gave the name to this place - "Yellow Dragon". Also, this reserve is home to a cute, world-famous panda - the symbol of WWF.

The area features a unique closed ecosystem with waterfalls, hot springs, virgin forests and snow caps on mountain tops, home to endangered species such as Sichuan gold monkeys and giant pandas. "Yellow Dragon" is a real mecca for photographers from all over the world.

Iguazu National Reserve, Argentina

The protected area, which is included in the World Heritage, is the most impressive place in Brazil and Argentina. Over 70 meters high and 1,500 meters wide, breathtaking waterfalls are home to some of the world's finest wildlife. South America. Views of the surrounding subtropical forests will not leave anyone indifferent.

Kakadu National Wildlife Refuge, Australia

The Kakadu National Wildlife Refuge is located in Northern Australia. This quintessentially Australian landscape is one of the few World Heritage Sites, both for its natural and cultural significance.

The reserve stretches over 3.2 million acres and includes several areas of traditional indigenous peoples of the continent. The wonderful South Alligator rivers, coastal beaches, rainforests and monsoon winds make Kakadu National Reserve a desirable place to visit.

Folk Reserve, Switzerland

Although Switzerland is best known for the magic of the Alps, it is home to the only national reserve that is worth a visit nonetheless. The Swiss National Park was created in 1914 and is inhabited by a huge variety of interesting animals such as the chamois, mountain goat, golden eagle or bearded vulture. Rivers, peaks of snowy mountains and alpine valleys represent nature in its most picturesque manifestations.

Machu Picchu, Peru

The majestic Machu Picchu has been Peru's most popular tourist destination for many years. No matter how many times a tourist has been here to enjoy the majesty of the ancient monuments, traveling in the footsteps of the Incas always brings excitement, adventure and mystery.

Everyone knows what a reserve and national parks are. Perhaps, they just do not quite understand the difference between one concept and another. Let's try to figure this out.

What are national parks

To understand what a reserve and national parks are, you need to know the exact definition of these concepts. So, national parks are special natural areas on land or water, where human activity is completely or partially prohibited. The main goal is environmental protection, i.e., the preservation of valuable natural complexes, animals and flora. These places are open for free visits by nature lovers and tourists.

In addition to environmental purposes, they are research institutions, and also perform an environmental education role. It is important to understand that the territories and individual real estate objects that belong to these natural complexes are of particular ecological, aesthetic and historical value for the state. In addition, these are excellent places for organizing international regulated tourism.

All national parks of our country are property Russian Federation. Historical and cultural real estate objects are assigned to them on the basis of the right of operational management. The territory of national parks is limited to a buffer zone with an orderly regime of nature management and visits.

What are nature reserves

The nature reserves are distinguished by the fact that not only any economic activity is strictly prohibited on their territories, but also the presence of people there. According to the law of the Russian Federation, these territories are transferred to reserves for unlimited use. It is our country that is famous for a large number of state protected areas, while there are only a few of them in the world.

There are reserves and national parks in Russia in almost all regions, therefore they are distinguished by a specific landscape, unique representatives of flora and fauna, most of which are listed in the Red Book and carefully protected by the state.

Tasks of the reserve

Reserves are objects of federal significance, therefore, funds are allocated annually from the country's budget for their maintenance. and national parks can be understood in terms of the main tasks they perform. So, the tasks of the reserve are:

• acceptance of all necessary measures on the conservation and enhancement of the biological diversity of protected natural complexes, maintaining them in their natural state in protected areas;
• conducting research work;
• carrying out environmental monitoring, as well as the implementation of environmental education of the population;
• assistance in the training of specialists on environmental protection issues;
• participation in environmental state expertise when designing the placement of objects of economic and other activities.

Territories of Russian nature reserves exclude the use of subsoil, water, plants and the hunting of animals, since they are of particular value to world science. They are samples of wildlife, typical of a particular region, and contribute to the conservation of the genetic fund of rare representatives of flora and fauna.

The main tasks of national parks

The main tasks of the national parks are:

• preservation of the integrity and uniqueness of natural sites and historical and cultural sites located within them;
• restoration of disturbed historical, cultural and natural objects;
• creation of optimal conditions for regulated tourism and cultural recreation of citizens;
• practical use of new in the field of nature protection;
• environmental education.

Reserves and national parks are objects of federal significance financed by funds allocated from the federal budget.

natural parks

What is a nature reserve and national parks is understandable. How are the so-called natural parks? The fact is that in their status and tasks they are similar to national ones. The main difference is that they do not have the status of federal significance and are under the jurisdiction of the republic, territory or region in which they are located. Accordingly, funding is provided from the local budget. So, for example, in the Urals "Taganai" is a national park, and "Chusovaya River" and "Deer Streams" are already unique natural parks.

National parks of Russia

Currently, there are more than 40 national parks in Russia, each of which is distinguished by its own natural attractions, whether animals, birds, unique plants or historical properties.

The championship in the number of national parks rightfully belongs to the North-West federal district Russia, especially Karelia and the Arkhangelsk region. There are unique parks here: Vodlozersky, Kenozersky, Kalevalsky, "Russian Arctic", Valdai and many others.

Reserves and national parks of the world

More than 38 nature reserves occupy vast, many kilometers long territories of Russia. These include: Altai, Baikal, Bashkir, Barguzinsky, Darvinsky, Zavidovsky, Kandalaksha, Ilmensky, Komsomolsky, "Kedrovaya Pad", Kronotsky, Pechoro-Ilychsky, Sayano-Shushensky, Caucasian and many others.

Of these, the reserves and national parks of the tundra: Kandalaksha, Pechoro-Ilychsky, Taimyr, Great Arctic, "Yugyd Va", Lapland. Scientists are studying typical tundra ecological systems, as well as observing rare birds (polar partridge, peregrine falcon), a unique population of wild reindeer, arctic fox and representatives of aquatic fauna (whitefish, salmon, etc.).

In Siberia, the tundra stretches along a narrow coastal strip and reaches a maximum width of 500 km (from the northeast of Russia to the south, to the northern part of Kamchatka). Most of the northern part of Sweden is also occupied by the tundra strip of Swedish Lapland. Small patches of tundra are found in Finland, Norway, and Iceland. Therefore, controlled environmental facilities were also created here.

Well-known reserves and national parks of the world that protect the flora and fauna of tundra ecosystems: Urho-Kekkonen and Lemmenjoki, belonging to Finland; "Abisko", referring to Sweden; Norwegian "Hardangervidda".