The world's largest mountain title. The highest mountains in the world: Seven Peaks

There are many highest peaks on the planet Earth. People conquer them, sing, study with interest where the most high mountains. One of these places is called Everest - this is the highest mountain in the world, known not only for its height, but also for numerous ascents in attempts to conquer it, hundreds of lost lives and interesting history research. In addition to it, there are 13 more mountains that have exceeded the mark of 8000 meters.

The highest mountains

The list of the largest mountains on the planet Earth includes 117 names. Most of the highest peaks, which are more than 7200 meters, fell into it. Most of them are located in Asia, in the Himalayas - a chain stretching from India to Bhutan. The rating is opened by the highest peak of the earth - Everest. The highest mountains on earth also belong to the Himalayan eight-thousanders: Annapurna, Dhaulagiri, Kanchenjunga, Karakorum, Lhotse, Makalu, Manaslu, Nangaparbat, Chogori. Let's pay attention to those mountains that are located on other continents of the world:

In the first place - Everest (Chomolungma), 8848 meters. It is located in the central Himalayas.
The American mountain Aconcagua from Argentina takes the second place and reaches 6961 m.
Mount McKinley, 6168 m, is located in Alaska.
Africa's famous Kilimanjaro ranks fourth with its 5891.8 meters.
Popular with climbers, Elbrus is located in the Greater Caucasus. Height - 5642 m. His first conquest in Caucasus mountains dates back to 1829.
Vinson, whose height is 4897 meters. This is the highest peak in Antarctica.
Mont Blanc is the largest peak in Europe. Reaches 4810 m.
Kosciuszko is a mountain that Australia can boast of. Height - 2228 meters.
Pyramid of Carstens (4884 m). It belongs to the highest peaks of Australia and Oceania.

The highest peak in the world

Any heights on land are usually measured from sea level, which determines which mountains are the highest. Since its position is constantly changing, a constant long-term average is taken as the basis. It does not depend on water fluctuations, tides, ebbs and vapors, therefore it is an accurate mark. The mark above this level is considered vertically from the mountain, the position of which is determined to the average level of the surface. So it was revealed that the largest points of the earth reach almost 9 thousand meters.

What is the name of

The highest mountain in the world is part of the Himalayan mountain belt, located on the Mahalangur-Himal mountain range and is known under the names: Chomolungma, Everest, Sagarmatha, Chomo-Kankar. The first name was given to the mountain by the inhabitants of Tibet. It means Goddess of Peace or Divine Mother. The second name - Everest appeared since 1856. The mountain is named after Sir George Everest, who was the first to conquer it. The European name was preceded by the local name Chomo-Kankar or Queen of the Snow White. Sagarmatha is a Nepalese word which means Mother of the Gods.

Where is

The Himalayas have collected in their chain the highest mountains of the world. This is Everest, which is located on the border of Nepal with the border of China. In Nepal there is a smaller peak, in China - the highest. Everest is the crown of the main ridge of the entire chain. Around the base of the mountain is located national park countries Nepal - Sagarmatha. In the same region there is a base camp from where you can start climbing. closest locality, where the base for climbers is located, is also located on Nepalese territory. This is the village of Lukla.

What height

There are two highest points on Chomolungma: the southern one, whose peak reaches 8760 meters from sea level, and the northern one, which is the main one, reaching 8848 meters. From the southern slopes and from the eastern side, the mountain is sheer cliffs that are not even covered with snow. The northern slopes reach 8393 meters. Because of these three sides, Everest has the shape of a triangle. From the ground to its highest point, the mountain stretched up three and a half kilometers.

Climbing history

Although the mountain is severe natural conditions, the temperature exceeds -60 degrees and the strongest wind is constantly blowing, climbers regularly try to conquer Chomolungma, one of the most difficult peaks. The history of ascents began in 1921, but the mountain did not give up right away. The first to reach the top was an Englishman, after whom the mountain bears one of its names. This is dated 1953. Since then, another 4,000 people have climbed. Every year, 400 people storm Chomolungma. Of the total number of climbers, 11% died and continues to die.

The highest peak in the world

Long before Everest became the answer to the question, what is the name of the most big mountain in the world, he was dormant volcano Chimborazo from the mountains of the Ecuadorian Andes. The top of the volcano is at the farthest distance from the center of the Earth. According to the navigation satellite system, with which measurements were made in 2016, the volcano reaches a height of 6384 meters from the center of the Earth. Based on this indicator, Everest loses three meters to him and takes second place. The length of the Himalayan peak is 6381 meters.

Which mountain is the highest

High mountains are also located in Hawaii. There is a mountain called Mauna Kea, which means white. The visible segment reaches 4205 meters above sea level, but most of it is in the ocean. Scientists believe that if you count from the foot, located deep under water, then the Hawaiian Mauna Kea leads among all and reaches a total height of 10203 m. In addition to the record length, the mountain is famous for being the most convenient point for astronomical observations.

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What do you know about the highest peak in the world? What is it called Everest. Some will also remember an alternative name - Chomolungma. Can you name the height? At least approximately. And where is it? Also no? Then once again we will talk about the highest mountains of the Earth.

The undisputed leader in terms of height, this mountain, like a magnet, attracts professional climbers, beginners and people just thirsty for extreme sports from all over the world. Climbing it is the cherished dream of everyone who has made at least one ascent to any other peak. And today, thousands of people every year turn this dream into reality.

Everest with routes and key points

short info. Chomolungma, aka Everest, aka Sagarmatha, is the highest peak in the world. Its peak reaches a height of 8848 meters. Belongs to the Himalayas, divided between China and Nepal. Most of the ascents are from Nepal. It takes about two hours for an ordinary person to walk 7 kilometers 200 meters. Here you need to climb up the rocky slopes in cold, and even rarefied air. The test is something else, but every year thousands of people decide on it. Not all of them reach the top. Not everyone returns home. Many die in the process.

Despite this, the organization of the ascent of Everest has now turned into a profitable business. Solo climbs are now rare, most often people turn to special companies that assign guides, guides, instructors, doctors to them, select equipment, purchase licenses for climbing, provisions, and medicines. In this case, the rise can take up to two months. This time is necessary for acclimatization, which is carried out at critical points. Pleasure is not cheap. On average, a tourist leaves 65 thousand dollars for the rise. But on the other hand, he changes them into unforgettable impressions.

The second highest mountain peak, Chogori, is inferior to Everest, but not to say very much - 8611 meters. Belongs to the Karakorum mountain system and is located on the border of China and Pakistan. This is the northernmost eight-thousander and the most inhospitable. Climbing it is much more difficult than almost habitable Everest, surrounded by a well-established service. Despite the fact that the mountain is the second highest, climbing it is much less common, and the risk is much higher. For example, no one has yet managed to conquer it in the winter. Mortality among climbers is striking: about 30%. True, it is calculated not from the total number of tourists, but in comparison with the number of people who have reached the top.

The third highest mountain has a height of 8586 meters. It was divided between Nepal and India, and it belongs to the same Himalayas as Everest, but is located a little further south. Kanchenjunga translated into Russian means "five treasures of the great snows", and this is not just an artistic image: it is divided into five independent peaks, of which only one is lower than 8000 meters, and then only 100. This mountain is especially well known to fans of Nikolai's work Roerich, because she was one of his main sources of inspiration and was repeatedly depicted on his canvases.

Another eight-thousander, and again from the Himalayas. It is also divided into two states already familiar to us - Nepal and China. The name of this mountain is "South Peak", which makes some sense. It is, indeed, located a little south of the famous Everest. It is connected to it by the famous South Col Pass. The other side - the South Wall - is sheer. By the way, she was conquered only once. The Soviet Union in 1990 assembled a powerful expedition of 17 climbers. Only two of them reached the summit, the rest provided them with a safe climb, but an unprecedented result could only be achieved by a common team effort. The mountain is divided into three peaks with a height of 8516, 8414 and 8383 meters, respectively.

Again the border of China and Nepal, again the same massif. The Himalayas are leaders in the number of high peaks and Makalu is another confirmation. The height of this mountain is 8485 meters. It is believed that of all eight-thousanders, this one is the heaviest. Only less than a third of all expeditions make it to the top, and most have to turn off halfway. The “Black Giant” (this is how the name of the mountain is translated) does not particularly favor climbers.

This is the sixth highest eight-thousander. You can guess the rest yourself: Nepal-China, Himalayas, height - 8201 meters. Accordingly, you can climb it from one side or the other. But, if from the side of Nepal one has to face a very difficult wall, which not everyone can overcome, then from the side of Tibet there is a convenient pass, which makes Cho-oyu one of the most convenient eight-thousanders for climbing.

Reading the name of this mountain from the first time is already a task, and only a few manage to climb it. " white mountain” is one of the most massive. It is divided into 11 peaks, however, only one, Dhaulagiri I, was able to overcome the eight-thousandth line. By the way, for some time it was Dhaulagiri that was considered the most high peak peace. True, it was a long time ago, from 1808 to 1832.

Already the eighth eight-thousander, and we have the same: mountain range Himalayas, but, for a change, it belongs entirely to Nepal. "Mountain of Spirits" - this is how its name is translated. This sacred place. Perhaps that is why climbing it is considered quite dangerous, and the death rate reaches 18% even today. There are three peaks near the mountain, the highest of which rises to 8156 meters.

For a change, the mountain is located on the territory of Pakistan, although it belongs to the already well-known Himalayas. It is divided into 4 peaks, of which the highest is 8125 meters. “Naked Mountain”, “Mountain of the Gods” – this is all about the ninth eight-thousander. It is considered one of the most difficult to climb due to climatic conditions and bare sheer peaks. Complicating the situation is the unsettled situation in the country. So, in 2013, a real tragedy occurred when militants attacked the climbers' camp. 10 people died, including three Kharkiv residents. Not surprisingly, the mortality rate is 22%.

Closes our list is another eight-thousander, the most dangerous. The mortality rate is 41%. The name of the mountain is translated as "Goddess of Fertility", but apparently, this goddess requires human sacrifices. However, the number of climbers who want to climb its 8091-meter peak is enough.

These are the ten highest mountains and the first of 14 eight-thousanders. Several people have already managed to conquer them all, and thousands more dream about it. Perhaps you are one of them.

In this collection, I will tell you about the highest mountains of each continent. In mountaineering, these peaks are known as the Seven Peaks, a name introduced in 1985 by Richard Bass. I note right away that this is not a list of the highest mountains of the world, which are among the well-known 14 eight-thousanders located in the mountain ranges of the Himalayas and Karakoram in Asia. Only the peaks of each of the seven continents will be listed here. This selection will only be more interesting, as it includes representatives from every corner of the world.

North America - Mount McKinley, Alaska.

Mount McKinley (or Denali) in Alaska is the highest peak in the United States and North America with its highest point at 6,194 meters above sea level. In terms of base to peak ratio, it is the highest mountain on Earth. Measured by topographic position, it is the third peak after Mount Everest and Aconcagua. It is the main centerpiece of Denali National Park.

South America- Aconcagua, Argentina.

Aconcagua is the highest mountain in both South and North America with a height of 6,959 m. Located in the Andes mountain range, in the province of Mendoza, Argentina. The summit point is located approximately 5 kilometers from the province of San Juan and 15 kilometers from the international border with Chile. Aconcagua is the highest peak in both the Western and Southern hemispheres.

Europe - Mount Elbrus, Russia.

Mount Elbrus is an inactive volcano located in the western mountain range of the Caucasus, in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, on the border of Russia and Georgia. Elbrus peak is the highest in the Caucasus in Russia. Although opinions still differ on how the Caucasus is divided between Europe and Asia, many sources still agree that Elbrus is the highest mountain in all of Europe. The highest point of Elbrus reaches 5,642 meters.

Asia - Everest, Nepal/China.

Everest is the highest mountain on Earth with a peak at 8,848 meters above sea level, located in the Himalayas. The international border between China and Nepal just passes at the highest level. The highest mountain on Earth attracts many experienced climbers. There are no significant technical problems directly with the ascent on the standard route, but Everest presents other dangers such as altitude sickness, bad weather and strong winds.

Africa - Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Kilimanjaro, with its three volcanic cones, Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira, is a dormant volcano in national park Kilimanjaro, Tanzania and most high mountain in Africa with a peak at 5,895 meters above sea level. In fact, this is a giant stratovolcano that began to form a million years ago when lava was released from the rift zone. Two of its three peaks, Mawenzi and Shira, are dormant, while Kibo (the highest peak) is dormant and may wake up again. The last eruption has been dated to 360,000 years ago, while activity was recorded only 200 years ago.

Australia and Oceania - Punchak Jaya (Carstensz Pyramid), Papua Province, Indonesia.

Puncak Jaya, or Karstensz Pyramid, is the highest point of Mount Karstensz in the province of Papua, Indonesia. With a height of 4,884 meters above sea level, it is the highest mountain in Indonesia, Oceania and Australia, and the 5th highest mountain in Southeast Asia.

The power of nature frightens and delights at the same time. Evidence of her strength is deep crevices and the highest peaks of the planet. Everest is called the top of the world, and it really is. However, not everyone knows which is the highest mountain in the world. Yes, there are giants that exceed the size of the famous Chomolungma. But what are they and where are they - read on.

The largest and highest mountain on the planet is the shield volcano Mauna Kea. It is located on an island in the Hawaiian archipelago. Its size is shocking. If you put this natural colossus next to Everest, then the latter will seem like a small hill.

For comparison: the height of Mauna Kea from the foot to the top is 10,203 m, and Everest - 3550 m. Feel the difference?! So why is the palm given to the Himalayan peak?

The thing is that Mauna Kea originates under water, where most of the volcano is hidden. The top of the mountain above sea level is at an altitude of 4205 m, while Chomolungma rises to 8848 m.

The age of the Hawaiian giant is about a million years. An active “youth” helped the volcano to grow to such dimensions. Since the birth of Mauna Kea, it erupted regularly for 500 thousand years, then the activity began to decline. Now the volcano is considered extinct. According to rough estimates, the last eruption occurred 4-6 thousand years ago.

Such an amount of volcanic rock, concentrated in one point, exerts tremendous pressure on the earth's crust. Its total volume is about 3200 km3. It is difficult to imagine how much it weighs, but this mass is enough to push through the Pacific plate for six kilometers.

"Mauna Kea" translates as "White Mountain". The indigenous people could not call it otherwise, because this is the only place on Hawaiian Islands where it snows in winter. Local tribes consider the mountain sacred, only leaders have the right to climb it. Unfortunately, and perhaps, and fortunately, this does not stop the Europeans.

On the one hand, on the lower part of the volcano, for the sake of the development of the sugar industry, wild forests were practically destroyed; on the other hand, the top of Mauna Kea is a great place to explore space. Since 1964, 13 observatories have been built here. The question - was it worth it, given the holiness of the mountain - is still a hot debate.

The highest mountains in the world: list

The dream of any climber is to conquer the main peaks of the world. In total, there are seven of them on the list, one for each continent and region of the Earth. Let's talk briefly about each of them:

His Majesty is Everest.

Has several other names. In Tibet, the mountain is called Chomolungma (Divine Mother) or Jomo Gang Kar (Holy Mother, white as snow). Nepalese name the highest peak - Sagarmatha.

This is one of the most violent places on the planet. Not everyone will be able to get at least to the base camp, which is located at an altitude of about 5,000 m. What can we say about the top.

The air temperature on the mountain in the warm season does not rise above zero degrees, and in winter it varies from -36 during the day to -60 degrees at night. Add to this the violent winds, the speed of which sometimes reaches 200 km / h, and you will understand that the smallest problem here can turn into a disaster.

In the off season, few will challenge grief, because it is akin to suicide. Since the first ascent in 1953, Everest has taken the lives of more than 250 people, their bodies are still there. To pick them up, you need to equip an expedition, and this is very expensive. Up to 25,000 dollars in fees alone for the rise. No matter how cynical it may sound, but many corpses serve as landmarks for climbers.

The second height of the world - Aconcagua.

Located in Argentina and is part of the Andes - the longest mountain system in the world, stretching for 11,000 km. In Quechua, "Aconcagua" means "Stone Guardian". Looking at the mountain, you understand that such a name was given to it not in vain.

Massive and majestic Aconcagua really resembles a stone giant. The height of the mountain above sea level reaches 6961 m. Technically, it is not considered too difficult to conquer. The ascent and descent record belongs to Karl Egloff: his time is 11 hours 52 minutes. Even children came up here. The youngest climber was only nine years old.

The weather is comparatively mild. average temperature at the top - 20 degrees below zero, at night it is much colder. Here the humidity is low, but strong winds will not let a person forget where he is.

Presidential Mount McKinley.

Located in Alaska, 210 km north of Anchorage. It occupies the third position in height above sea level - 6190 m. In fact, this is a huge granite block that crawled out of the ground as a result of tectonic activity. It happened about 60 million years ago.

The mountain was often renamed. It was originally called Denali, which means ‘great’ in the Athabaskan language. When the Russians came to Alaska, the granite giant was simply called Big Mountain. In 1896, when Alaska was ceded to the United States, the mountain was named after President William McKinley. However, in 2015, the first name was returned to her.

Based on climbing statistics, this peak is not for everyone. Only 58% of attempts are successful. Since 1913, the mountain has taken the lives of more than 100 people. Weather and the lack of oxygen does not stop people, even if they have to go alone in winter. So did Loni Dupre, who successfully climbed Denali and descended unscathed on January 11, 2015.

Kilimanjaro.

The highest point in Africa - 5892 m. Located in Tanzania and is a potentially active volcano. Presumably the last eruption took place 200 thousand years ago, but the lava has not gone anywhere. It is located under the crater at a depth of 400 m.

Kilimanjaro has three peaks that are separate volcanoes:

Shira - 3962 m;
Mawenzi - 5149 m;
Kobo - 5892 m.

A distinctive feature of the mountain is the ice cap, which has not left the top for 11 thousand years, since the last ice age. However, over the past hundred years, due to deforestation and reduced rainfall, the glacier has shrunk by 80%.

One of the easiest peaks to climb. The first documented assault took place in 1889. It was made by a group of climbers led by Hans Meyer. Trained climbers can climb to the top and come back down in 10 hours. For beginners, due to the need for acclimatization, it takes 5 days.

The highest mountain in Europe - Elbrus.

It belongs to the same type of mountains as Kilimanjaro - a stratovolcano. The last eruption occurred around 50 AD. e. It has a saddle shape with two peaks: the eastern one - 5621 m; western - 5642 m.

The mountain is shrouded in many glaciers with a total area of 134.5 km2. Melt water flowing down the slopes of Elbrus feeds several large rivers: Kuban, Baksan and Malka. The weather here changes from bad to good every 5-7 days. In summer it is hot - 25-35 degrees, in winter at an altitude of 3,000 m the temperature drops to -12-20 degrees.

From the point of view of mountaineering, Elbrus is not particularly difficult to climb, but there are several extreme routes. The peak was stormed even on a motorcycle in 1963 and a car in 1997.

Vinson Peak is the highest point on the sixth continent.

The mountain is part of the massif of the same name, which is located 1200 km from South Pole and extends 21 km long and 13 km wide. The highest point is at around 4897 m above sea level.

American pilots discovered Vinson Peak in 1957, and after 9 years its summit was conquered by climber Nicholas Clinch. Despite the aggressive conditions of the Antarctic, it is relatively comfortable here in summer. In the tents of the assault camp, the temperature is kept in the range of 0-10 degrees Celsius. During the ascent, the thermometer often drops below thirty-five degrees.

Pyramid of Carstens, or Puncak Jaya.

Situated on an island New Guinea. Its peak is considered the highest point of Oceania and Australia - 4884 m, and according to some sources - 5030 meters. Jaya Peak was discovered by European explorer Jan Carstens in 1623.

Arriving in Holland, he spoke about the glacier he saw, for which he was ridiculed. Like, where is the glacier in the tropics from ?! However, they laughed at him in vain. What he saw was one of the highest mountains in the world.

Despite such an early discovery, the first ascent took place only after 339 years. A group of climbers led by Heinrich Harrer stormed the mountain in 1962.

The highest mountain in Kazakhstan

On the border with Kyrgyzstan and China, on the Tien Shan ridge, the majestic and cold Khan Tengri rises. This is the most high point Kazakhstan - 7010 m above sea level. The name of the mountain is Turkic and translates as ‘Lord of Heaven’.

Externally, Khan-Tengri is a natural pyramid with regular edges. The top of the mountain is covered with a layer of ice 15 meters thick. In pagan times, people believed that the supreme God lives there, who rules the whole world from there.

The first mention of the mountain is found in the writings of ancient explorers and adventurers. As for modern research, it began in the middle of the 19th century, when the geographer P. Semenov made a detailed description of the mountain.

The first successful assault on Khan Tengri took place on September 11, 1931. The climbers from the Ukrainian expedition became heroes. It was headed by Mikhail Pogrebetsky, Boris Tyurin and Franz Sauber. Athletes long and scrupulously thought out and worked out the route of ascent. As a result, it was decided to go along the southern and southwestern side of the mountain.

Khan Tengri is famous not only for its beauty, but also for regular accidents. The mountain takes several people every season. 2004 was especially dark. Then, during the ascent, a Polish climber died, and a month later, due to an avalanche at an altitude of 5,000 m, a group of 50 people was trapped. While it was rescue operation, 11 climbers from Russia, Ukraine and the Czech Republic died.

The highest mountains in the world annually attract hundreds of daredevils who risk their lives for the indescribable feeling of unity with nature. They can be understood, because the one who once ascended to the top wants to repeat it again and again. Vysotsky also wrote: “The whole world is in the palm of your hand - you are happy and dumb and only a little jealous of those others whose peak is yet to come.”

- Everest, but there are scientists who can prove the dubiousness of such statements. The fact is that mountains can be measured in different ways, and depending on the method chosen, quite interesting results can be obtained.

Mount Everest really rises above all others mountain peaks relative to sea level. But another mountain, Mauna Kea, can easily compete with the leader for the title of the highest, because its height from the base to the top is more than 1.3 thousand meters higher than its famous rival. But here's the problem: 6 thousand meters of Mauna Kea is under water, and the glory of this giant mountain beauty is drowning with them.

The highest mountain in the world, Mauna Kea, is actually a dormant volcano located in Hawaii. But today, taking advantage of the inaction and temporary kindness of this peak, man has tamed wildlife and arranged on the slopes high-quality skiing tracks, hiking trails, hunting reserves. Also, Mauna Kea is a great place for astronomical observations.

The equatorial placement of space observatories makes it possible to know the most distant depths of outer space with the least difficulty. At the top of the White Mountain, and this is how the name of the highest peak is translated from the Hawaiian language, there is the largest observatory in the world, which carries out the most responsible and important space observations.

It is amazing to see snow in tropical latitudes that lies and does not melt for years, or even hundreds of years. Is it not possible to call this miracle another incomprehensible mystery of nature? The task of man is to preserve such a heritage for future generations and preserve it as much as possible the way it was before us.

The flora and fauna of the mountain is unique, many species of animals or plants found here are relics that have been preserved only in this corner of nature. For example, a tree from the legume family Golden Sophora cannot be found anywhere else on the planet, but today its number is sharply declining, and forests had to be classified as protected areas due to the threat of destruction.

The highest mountain on the planet

Every year Mauna Kea is visited by hundreds of thousands of tourists. Getting to the top of the mountain is not difficult even for ordinary travelers, because this can be done with the help of powerful SUVs. And it’s really worth doing it, because such beauty, which opens up to the eye at the peak, is incomparable with anything on Earth.

10 highest mountains in the world

An interesting fact is that among the 10 highest mountains in the world , many of them are located in Tibet, not far from each other and grow several centimeters annually. Also, many believe that climbing to the top is not given to everyone. However, if you pay attention to Mauna Kea, which is in fact the highest, then you can easily visit its peak, as it is safe in terms of climbing and there are ski resorts. As a result, everyone can visit the top of the world.