Valdai district. Novgorod province

In 1478, the vast Novgorod possessions became part of the centralized Russian state. The former freemen was divided into large administrative-territorial units - pyatins: Bezhetskaya, Vodskaya, Derevskaya, Obonezhskaya and Shelonskaya.

The Derevskaya Pyatina was separated from Novgorod by a small area of the Obonezhskaya Pyatina and was located southeast of it. In the XV-XVII centuries, it was divided into two halves - into Grigorieva Morozova and Zhikhareva Ryabchikova. The composition of the Derevskaya Pyatina included smaller administrative units - churchyards. Eleven of them - Eglinsky, Sitensky, Yazhelbitsky, Gorodensky, Korotsky, Neretsky, Uzhinsky, Velevsky, Polnovskaya, Berezovsky and Mikhailovsky, formed the core of the modern national park in five centuries.

Peter's reforms destroyed the division of the Novgorod territory into pyatins. Most of the Novgorod lands, according to the reform of 1708, became part of the Ingermanland province, and two years later - in St. Petersburg.

However, the vastness of the St. Petersburg province made it difficult to manage its constituent parts - the provinces, and contributed to the weakening of control in the collection of taxes from the population. Therefore, the question of disaggregating the province became on the agenda.

Finally, in 1727, the Novgorod province was formed, and the Novgorod province became its core. The area of the province covered a vast territory: 1,500 miles long and 600 miles wide. The Novgorod uyezd alone included the former five pyatins of Veliky Novgorod.

In a vast area, especially to the east of the Novgorod lands, there were no cities. By the middle of the 18th century, there were none along the entire length from Novgorod to Tver: neither on the Petersburg highway, nor on the Vyshnevolotsk waterway. Nevertheless, this territory, compared to others, has long been inhabited and inhabited.

The absence of towns hindered the economic development of the province and hindered the growth of productive forces. Therefore, Ya. E. Sivers, immediately upon entering the governor's office in 1764, proposed for consideration a project for the administrative-territorial reorganization of the Novgorod province. It provided for the raising to the rank of cities of individual large settlements and the creation of counties.

On January 15, 1767, Sievers made a submission to the Senate. It was planned to transfer the village of Valdai to the category of cities. Profitable geographical position between Moscow and St. Petersburg contributed to the rapid development of various crafts, blacksmithing, pit carting, directly related to transit traffic along the main route Russian Empire. Valdai in those years competed not only with equal villages, but even with Novgorod. So, in response to a request from the Senate in 1765, “why did Novgorod’s merchants ... come to great depreciation and squalor,” the Novgorod magistrate, among various reasons, pointed to the increased competition of the Valdai merchant peasants and coachmen. The document, in particular, noted that the internal order would benefit from the transformation of settlements remote from urban centers.

The governor sought to ensure that the taxable population of the county did not exceed 30 thousand souls, and the police, in turn, could freely carry out their functions. According to the Sievers project, the Valdai district was supposed to be reformed in a special way.

So, about a hundred miles southeast of Novgorod, the territory adjacent to Valdai was taken. On these lands, "a list of churchyards was carried out ... up to those that are assigned to Ustyug Zhelezopolsky ...". Graveyards adjoining the borders of the Bezhetsk, Novotorzhsky and Rzhevsky counties were also subjected to "declaration".

As a result, it turned out that in the new Valdai district there were 69 thousand souls of the taxable population. Many villages were separated from Valdai at a distance of 150-200 miles. All this contradicted the regulation on the county, the size and composition of which would satisfy the police and bureaucratic apparatus. Then Sievers divided the planned graveyards into 2 more parts. He took the village of Valdai as the center of one, and Vyshny Volochok as the center of the other part. As a result, Valdai became the center of the territory with a population of 40,696 souls. Excess graveyards were included in the territory of the Vyshnevolotsk district. Thus, two new counties appeared in the province.

Sievers, sending his "opinion" to the Senate, asked most of the inhabitants of Valdai - arable peasants and former monastic servants who remained "outside the state" - to enroll in the merchant class, and transfer the village to the category of cities. In order to strengthen the welfare of the future city, the governor proposed to transfer to him the Valdai and Dinner lakes with all the saw and flour mills for eternal use.

Only at the end of the 60s of the 18th century did the Senate begin to consider Sievers' projects for the establishment of new cities. In January 1768, a corresponding decision was made. So, by decision of the Senate, all Valdai residents, both arable peasants and monastic servants who remained behind the state, were allowed to enroll in the merchant class.

The decree on renaming the village of Valdai into a city followed on May 28, 1770. And two years later, on April 2, 1772, he was officially assigned to the Novgorod province. By the highest decree, the coat of arms was also granted to the newly-made city. In the upper part of the armorial shield, the imperial crown on ermine fur was depicted, which meant "the mercy of her imperial majesty to this village." In the lower part there is a green mountain on a silver field, more like an impregnable cliff. The heraldic office, in which the sketch of the coat of arms was being prepared, explained in a report to Catherine II that the mountainous location is the most remarkable sight of this city.

Now, according to the new decree, it was proposed to call residents philistines, and artisans to write down in workshops. City authorities were recommended to start schools, build stone buildings for the voivodship office, the magistrate, and other government needs. The territorial structure of the Valdai and adjacent Borovichi and Vyshnevolotsk counties was borrowed from the old Novgorod county. 27 churchyards with 33,534 souls of the taxable population entered the Valdai district.

The acquisition of city rights and the various privileges associated with it could not but affect the fate of the Valdai people. It influenced not only their way of life, the appearance of the county center, but also contributed to the rapid economic prosperity.

Sievers hastily reported to Catherine II that the establishment of cities "turned out to all the inhabitants of those places ... a great boon." Now the newly minted townspeople could, at their own discretion, join the merchant class or philistinism without paying a double salary. True, this situation concerned only the indigenous population of the former villages.

By the beginning of 1775, the county Valdai was already part of the Novgorod province of the Novgorod province.

It soon became clear that the former way of governing the provinces was a brake on their further development. The territory of Russia after Peter's reforms has grown significantly. New provinces appeared. Moreover, their areas differed significantly from each other. Ultimately, this made it difficult to solve many government tasks. The disaggregation of the provinces began.

According to the new reform, in accordance with the “Institution for the Administration of Provinces” dated November 7, 1775, instead of the previous 23 vast provinces, 50 were to be created on the territory of the Russian Empire. In the province, the population should not exceed 300-400 thousand, and in counties - 20- 30 thousand people. An innovation was the establishment of state governors and governorships.

August 24, 1776 was followed by a decree on the opening of the Novgorod governorship. In December 1776, Lieutenant-General J. Sievers was asked to carry out this decree. So the Novgorod viceroy was created from two regions (provinces) - Novgorod and Olonets. The first of them included 10 counties. Among them was the Valdai district.

In 1781, after the separation of the Olonets region and the Novoladozhsky district, the same 10 districts remained in the Novgorod governorship, but with a clearer principle of economic zoning. Valdai district by this time was a trading and fishing area. At the same time, its administrative boundaries were also designated. In this form, the county existed until 1917.

At the end of the 18th century, there were 35 villages, 129 villages and 389 villages in the Valdai district. In the north and northeast, it bordered on the Borovichi district, in the west - on the Krestetsky district, in the southwest - on the Starorussky districts of the Novgorod province, in the south - on Ostashkovsky, in the east and southeast - on the Vyshnevolotsky districts of the Tver province.

Thus, the administrative-territorial structure formed by the beginning of the 19th century was clearly of a police-fiscal nature. It pursued mainly two goals: the collection of taxes from the population and the establishment of "peace and order" in the field. When creating the Novgorod districts, the historical conditions and economic profile were not taken into account. And only during the formation of the Valdai district, the authorities paid attention to the specific economic conditions, the availability of communication lines, the connection with Novgorod, i.e., those factors that later had a significant impact on the development of this area.

By decree of August 7, 1824, Demyansk County was formed. It included part of the volosts of the Valdai and Krestets districts. Moreover, 6,558 male souls were separated from the Valdai district, and the territory was significantly reduced. This was largely facilitated by the seizure of "convenient" lands by Count Arakcheev for military settlements. So in 1824-28, a large number of economic peasants and coachmen of the Valdai district lost their rights to land.

In the first half of the 19th century, the lower administrative-territorial bodies were formed. Graveyards are losing their former meaning. From territorial they turn into administrative and economic units. On the basis of state lands, volosts are created. In the early 1840s, Bel, Edrovo and Ovinchishche became such volost centers in the Valdai district.

After the liquidation of military settlements and until 1917, the administrative and territorial structure of the Valdai district remained basically unchanged. Only in 1900, the county was replenished with the Dvoretskaya volost. Among the 11 districts of the Novgorod province, the Valdai district occupied the 10th place. It included 19 volosts.

In the first years of Soviet power, in connection with the creation of a new system of administrative-territorial structure, some changes took place in the Valdai district. There was an attempt to divide the Valdai district into two parts - the Valdai and Bologovsky districts.

June 7, 1918 was followed by a corresponding resolution of the Novgorod provincial executive committee (provincial executive committee). Moreover, Berezoryadskaya, Domkinskaya, Dubrovskaya, Zhabenskaya, Kemetskaya, Kotlovanskaya, Medvedevskaya, Rozhdestvenskaya, Ryutinskaya, Sopkinskaya and Khotilovskaya volosts moved to the Bologovsky district with the center in the city of Bologoye. The new county existed until 1919. Subsequently, the volosts of the Bologovsky district were again returned to the Valdai district, since the highest authorities did not approve the decree of the Novgorod provincial executive committee. From April 1919 to October 1920, the center of the Valdai district was located in the city of Bologoye, then returned to Valdai again. The transfer of the county center was finally approved by the Novgorod Provincial Executive Committee on January 11, 1921.

The composition of the volosts of the Valdai district has also changed. In March 1918, the Berezovskaya volost was formed, and already in October it was abolished. All its villages became part of the Borovenkovskaya volost.

In 1921, by decrees of the Novgorod Gubernia Executive Committee and the Valdai Regional Executive Committee, the Navolokskaya volost was formed, which included separate villages of the Ivanteevskaya and Belskaya volosts. In the same year, the village of Uglovka in the Borovenkovskaya volost was transferred to the Shchegrinskaya volost of the Borovichi district, and the village of Borozdy of the same volost was transferred to the Ryadovskaya volost of the Borovichi district. The villages of Starina and Kostelevo of the Belsk volost, Voronovo and Rudnevo of the Edrovskaya volost became part of the Navolok volost.

By the beginning of 1922, the Valdai district consisted of 21 volosts. Domkinskaya and Navolokskaya volosts were added to the previous 19.

In May 1922, the territory of the Valdai district expanded significantly due to the three volosts of the Krestetsky district that had been disbanded by that time: Kitovskaya, Krestetskaya and Rakhinskaya.

In 1922-1924, the creation of a new system of administrative-territorial reorganization began on the territory of the RSFSR. The zoning was based on the economic principle. The first step was the consolidation of volosts. According to the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of April 3, 1924, nine volosts of the Valdai district were formed out of 24: Valdai, Luchkinskaya, Rabezhskaya, Firovskaya, Edrovskaya, Medvedevskaya, Kemetskaya, Berezaiskaya and Krestetskaya.

The enlargement of the volosts took place as follows. Krestetskaya and Rakhinskaya volosts are combined into one - Krestetskaya, Sopkinskaya and Ryutinskaya - into Berezaiskaya, Kemetskaya and Berezoryadskaya - into Kemetskaya, Medvedevskaya and Khotilovskaya - into Medvedevskaya. The enlarged Edrovskaya volost included Edrovskaya, Ilyatinskaya and 10 villages of the Belskaya volost, the enlarged Firovskaya volost included Rozhdestvenskaya, Zhabenskaya, Domkinskaya and 11 villages of the Belskaya volost. The enlarged Rabezhskaya volost was formed from the villages of the former Rabezhskaya volost and 5 villages of the Belskaya volost, the enlarged Luchkinskaya volost - by merging the Kitovskaya, Borovenskaya and Novotroitskaya volosts. The Valdai volost included Zimogorskaya, Ivanteevskaya, Navolokskaya, Yazhelbitskaya and Dvoretskaya volosts.

By decree of the Novgorod Provincial Executive Committee of July 8, 1925, the center of the Luchkinskaya volost from the Pogostikha estate was transferred to the village of Lokotskoye, and the volost itself was renamed Lokotskaya.

By decree of the Valdai Executive Committee of June 16, 1925, the center of the Medvedev volost was transferred from the village of Medvedevo to the town of Bologoye, but the name of the volost remained the same.

In April 1927, the IV Congress of Soviets of the USSR drew the government's attention to the need to further improve and reduce the cost of the administrative and economic apparatus, and reduce overhead costs. To this end, in May, a new Administrative division Northwestern region into districts and districts. Novgorod province was divided into two districts - Novgorod and Borovichi, which became part of Leningrad region. The Novgorod Okrug consisted of 19 districts and occupied an area of 29,865 square kilometers with a population of 635,000 people. The Borovichi District united 13 districts with an area of 18,080 square kilometers and a population of 375,000 people. The old concepts of administrative-territorial structure - province, county and volost were abolished. So the Valdai district became part of the Borovichi district of the Leningrad region.

By decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of July 18, 1927, the Valdai district was disbanded. The volosts Krestetskaya, Rabezhskaya (without two villages on Lake Shlino), Lokotskaya (without the villages of Pyatkino, Yashkovo, Budanovo, Chavnitsy, Tereben, Ustronoye, Khiriki, Ivniki, Talyzhenka and Chelyaikha) were distributed between Lychkovsky (Luzhensky), Polnovsky and Krestetsky districts of Novgorod districts. The main part of the Valdai district was distributed between the Belsky, Bologovsky, Valdai, Rozhdestvensky, Okulovsky, Torbinsky and Uglovsky districts of the Borovichi district.

The Valdai district completely included the Valdai, partially Edrovskaya, Berezaiskaya and Lokotskaya volosts of the Borovichi district. And in accordance with the decree of the Novgorod Gubernia Executive Committee of August 19, 1927, the villages of Sirotino and Vysokusha of the Krestetsky District of the Novgorod Okrug moved to the Valdai District. All zoning work was completed in September 1927.

However, in subsequent years, the further strengthening of the districts began to be hampered by the districts, which at one time played a large role in Soviet construction. Gradually, the need for them disappeared. The administrative and state apparatus was improved. The area became the main link of socialist construction.

Therefore, in accordance with the decisions of the XVI Congress of the CPSU (b) of July 15, 1930, the districts were liquidated. This completes the regionalization process in the country. All districts of the Novgorod and Borovichi districts became directly part of the Leningrad region. Valdai district, administratively subordinate to the Leningrad Regional Executive Committee, continued to exist.

On July 5, 1944, the Novgorod Region was formed by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Novgorod became a regional center. The region included 27 districts of the Leningrad region, including the Valdai district.

As of 1947, the territory of the Valdai region was 2.2 thousand square kilometers. It included 29 village councils: Belsky, Bolsheukleinsky, Borovsky, Budanovsky, Bykovsky, Gorodensky, Dvoretsky, Dobyvalovsky, Dolgogorsky, Ednovsky, Edrovsky, Zimogorsky, Ivanteevsky, Krasilovsky, Lutovensky, Luchkinsky, Mironezhsky, Moiseevsky, Navoloksky, Novotroitsky, Polosovsky, Pochepsky , Russkonovikovsky, Selishchensky, Sokolovsky, Stankovsky, Shuisky, Yazhelbitsky and Yakonovsky.

In 1955 there was a partial amalgamation of village councils. Ten of them - Borovsky, Bolsheukleinsky, Dobyvalovsky, Dolgogorsky, Ednovsky, Yakonovsky, Krasilovsky, Russkonovikovsky, Selishchensky and Sokolovsky were disbanded.

By 1958, the number of village councils in the Valdai region had slightly increased. They became 22.

In accordance with the decision of the November (1962) Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR "On the enlargement and change in the subordination of districts and cities Novgorod region"In April 1963, the Valdai rural district was created with a center in the city of Valdai. The former Valdai and Krestetsky districts were transferred to him.

And two years later, in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of January 12, 1965 "On changes in the administrative-territorial division of the Novgorod region", reorganization took place again. The former rural Valdai region was liquidated. It included: the working settlement of Lychkovo, Belsky, Bykovsky, Dvoretsky, Edrovsky, Zimogorsky, Ivanteevsky, Kstechensky, Lutovensky, Luchkinsky, Lyubnitsky, Mironezhsky, Navoloksky, Polosovsky, Stankovsky, Shuysky and Yazhelbitsky village councils of the former Valdai rural district and Zaborovsky, Zadnensky, Knevitsky, Kraseysky, Melechensky, Sukhonivsky village councils of the Demyansky rural district.

By the end of the 20th century, there were over 180 settlements on the territory of the Valdai region, subordinated to 14 rural administrations: Bolshezamoshevsky, Dvoretskaya, Edrovskaya, Zimogorskaya, Ivanteevskaya, Krasilovskaya, Kostkovskaya, Lutovenskaya, Lyubnitskaya, Navolokskaya, Roschinskaya, Semyonovshchinskaya, Shuiskaya and Yazhelbitskaya. The area of the district was 2.7 thousand square kilometers.

The Valdai district is located in the southeastern part of the Novgorod region, within the Valdai Upland. In the north it borders on the Krestetsky and Okulovsky districts, in the southeast - on Demyansky, in the west - on the Bologovsky district of the Tver region. The administrative center is the city of Valdai.

With the formation of the Valdai National Park in 1990, the question arose of combining nature protection boundaries with the administrative boundaries of three districts: Valdai, Okulovsky and Demyansky. The basis for the creation of a specially protected natural area was the ecological and hydrological factor.

So the park territorially fit into the core of the former Derevskaya Pyatina of the 15th-17th centuries. It occupied the southeastern part of the Novgorod land and had natural boundaries along the Msta, Lovat and Lake Ilmen rivers. Only in the very southwestern corner, in the Kholmsky churchyard, did the territory go beyond the Lovat River. In the north, Derevskaya pyatina bordered on Obonezhskaya, in the west - on Shelonskaya, in the east - on Bezhetskaya pyatina, in the south - volosts of Torzhok and Rzhev. Lithuania was its neighbor in the southwest. The core of the Derevskaya Pyatina was located in the most inhabited, elevated and dry place - on the Valdai Upland. Numerous rivers and rivers of the Great Divide flowed from here (see “Water Highways” for more details).

Currently, the Valdai district accounts for 62 percent of the total area of the national park, Okulovsky - 11, Demyansky - 27. Accordingly, the protected area accounts for 36.3 percent of the area of the Valdai district, Okulovsky - 6.9, Demyansky - 13.7 percent.

There are 13 forestries on the territory of the park: Borovnovskoye, Domovichskoye, Novotroitskoye, Baynevskoye, Valdaiskoye, Prigorodnoye, Dvoretskoye, Borskoye, Zamoshevsky, Ivanteevskoye, Nikolskoye, Seligerskoye and Novoskrebelskoye. They cover 150 settlements. In addition, 100 rural settlements are located in the protected zone of the park.

V.Zaitsev, senior researcher national park"Valdaisky"

List of used sources and literature:

1. Arseniev K. Statistical essays of Russia. SPb., 1848. S. 103.
2. TsGADA, f. 16, op. 1, d. 786, l. about.
3. TsGADA, f. 16, op. 1, d. 786, l. 9 vol.
4. 1 PSZ, vol. XIX, no./no. 13468, 13780.
5. Gotye Yu. V. History of regional administration in Russia from Peter I to Catherine II. T. 1. M., 1913. S. 118.
6. 1 PSZ, vol. XX, No. 14500.
7. Istomina E. G. Borders, population, cities of the Novgorod province (1727-1917), Lenizdat., 1972.
8. On the land of Novgorod. (Essays on the history of the Novgorod region). Lenizdat., 1970. S. 146.
9. Gelman E. G. Handbook on the administrative-territorial division of the Novgorod region (1917-1927). / Ed. G. M. Deutsch. State archive of the Novgorod region (GANO). Novgorod, 1966.
10. Gelman E. Administrative and territorial structure of the Valdai region. "Leninsky Way", No. 84 (6525), July 14, 1966.
11. Valdai National Park: Prospects for Development. / Ed. M. V. Glazyrina and A. Z. Seleznev. Moscow-Novgorod, 1996. S. 14.

Valdai district
The country	the Russian Empire the Russian Empire
Province	Novgorod province
county town	Valdai
Population	95 251 people, (1 897) people
Area	5772.7 versts²
Educated

Valdai district- one of the districts of the Novgorod province. The county town is Valdai.

In 1889 there were 8 factories and plants in the county.

Administrative-territorial structure

In 1897, the county's population was 95,251 people, including Russians - 88,361, Karelians - 5808.

In 1917, there were 1079 settlements in the county; The county included 19 volosts:

Belsk volost, center - the village of Bel;
Berezoryadskaya volost, center - the village of Berezovsky Ryadok.
Borovenskaya volost, center - churchyard Borovno.
Dvoretskaya volost (established in 1900), center - Dvorets village;
Dubrovskaya volost, center - churchyard Ascension;
Edrovskaya volost, center - the village of Edrovo;
Zhabensky volost, center - the village of Zhabny;
Zimogorskaya volost, center - the village of Zimogorye;
Ivanteevskaya volost, center - the village of Ivanteevo;
Ilyatinsky volost, center - the village of Ilyatino;
Kemetsky volost, center - the village of Kemtsy;
Medvedev volost, center - the village of Medvedevo;
Novotroitskaya volost, center - the village of Novotroitskoye;
Rabezh parish, center - the village of Rabezha;
Rozhdestvenskaya volost, center - the village of Rozhdestvensky;
Ryutinskaya volost, center - the village of Ryutin;
Sopkinskaya volost, center - the village of Sopki;
Khotilovo volost, center - the village of Khotilovo;
Yazhelbitskaya volost, center - the village of Yazhelbitsy.

In March 1918, 3 more volosts were allocated in the Valdai district:

Berezovskaya volost (from part of the Borovenskaya volost), the center is the village of Berezovka;
Domkinskaya volost (from part of Zhabenskaya volost), center - Domkino;
Kotlovanovskaya volost (from part of the Kemetskaya volost), center - Kotlovanovo.

By the decrees of the Novgorod Gubernia Executive Committee of June 7 and July 22, 1918 and the resolution of the board of the management department of the Novgorod Gubernia Executive Committee of October 12, 1918, the Bologovsky district was formed from 11 volosts of the Valdai district: Berezoryadskaya, Domkinskaya, Dubrovskaya, Zhabenskaya, Kemetskaya, Kotlovanovskaya, Medvedevskaya, Rozhdestvenskaya, Ryutinskaya , Sopkinskaya and Khotilovskaya. But the decrees of the Novgorod Provincial Executive Committee were not approved by the highest authorities, and on March 20, 1919, at a joint meeting of the Congress of Soviets of Bologovsky and Valdai counties, the counties were again merged into the Valdai county, and the volosts of the former Bolgovsky county again became part of the Valdai county. Since April 1, 1919, the city of Bologoe became the county center, but since October 1920, the center of the Valdai county was again transferred to the city of Valdai.

In accordance with the decree of the Novgorod Provincial Executive Committee of June 28, 1918, the settlements of the Rabezhskaya volost (Glebovo, Golenek (Govenok), Gorodets, Dobraya, Orekhovka, Orlovo, Osinovka (Osinka), Podoklinye (Podolishye), Turskaya) were transferred to the Sosnitskaya volost of the Ostashkovsky district Tver province. In accordance with the decree of the Valdai district executive committee of July 8, 1918, the village of Lovnitsa of the Berezoryadsky volost and two villages of the Ryutinskaya volost: Korpino and Lyubitovo were listed in the Kemetsky volost. On February 25, 1919, the department of management of the Novgorod Gubernia Executive Committee approved the transfer of the village of Lvovo from the Ryutinskaya volost to the Dubrovskaya volost in 1918.

On April 4, 1919, the settlements of Zamostye, Kuzmino and Naumovskoye were transferred to the Berezoryadskaya volost of the former Bologovsky district of the Borovichi district from the Pereluchskaya volost of the Borovichi district, and on March 4, the Navolokskaya volost was formed from separate villages of the Belsk and Ivanteevskaya volosts with the center in the village of Navolok. In October 1919, the abolished Berezovskaya volost entered the Borovensky volost.

On April 14, 1921, at a meeting of the board of the management department of the Novgorod Gubernia Executive Committee, it was decided to list the Borozdovsky and Uglovsky rural communities of the Borovensky volost of the Valdaisky district as part of the Yablonovsky volost of the Borovichi district, but by the Decree of the NKVD of May 12, 1921 from the Borovenskaya volost of the Valdai uyezd, the Borozdovsky rural society (Borozdy settlement) was transferred to the Ryadovsky volost of the Borovichi district, and the Uglovsky rural society (the settlement of Uglovka) was transferred to the Yablonovsky volost of the Borovichi district, and by a decree of the administration department of the Novgorod provincial executive committee of October 28, 1921, Uglovka was then transferred to the Shegrinsky volost of the Borovichi district. In November 1921, the Kotlovanovskaya volost was abolished, and the settlements of the abolished volost became part of the Kemetskaya volost.

In accordance with the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of May 2, 1922, Kitovskaya, Krestetskaya and Rakhinskaya volosts of the abolished Krestetsky district entered the Valdai district.

On November 14, 1922, the Presidium of the Valdai District Executive Committee approved the renaming of two volosts in connection with the fifth anniversary of the October Revolution; Zimogorsk volost instead of Krasno-Oktyabrskaya was named Krasnoarmeiskaya, but the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, by a decree of April 27, 1923, canceled the decision of the Novgorod Gubernia Executive Committee to rename the above volosts.

In accordance with the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of April 3, 1924, the volosts in the uyezd were enlarged (out of 24 former volosts, 9 were formed):

Berezaisky volost, with the center in the village at the station Berezayka, was re-formed from the abolished Dubrovskaya, Ryutinskaya and Sopkinskaya volosts;
The Valdai volost, with its center in the city of Valdai, was re-formed from the abolished Dvoretskaya, Zimogorskaya, Ivanteevskaya, Navolokskaya and Yazhelbetskaya volosts;
Edrovskaya volost, with the center in the village of Edrovo, was enlarged by joining the abolished Ilyatinsky volost and part of the settlements of the former Belskaya volost;
The Kemetsky volost, with its center in the village of Kemtsy, was enlarged by joining the abolished Berezoryadskaya volost;
Krestets volost, with the center in the city of Kresttsy, was enlarged by joining the abolished Rakhin volost;
The Luchkinskaya volost, with its center in the village of Luchki, was re-formed from the abolished Borovenskaya, Kitovskaya and Novotroitskaya volosts;
The Medvedev volost, with its center in the village of Medvedevo, was enlarged by joining the abolished Khotilov volost;
Rabezhskaya volost, with the center in the village of Rabezha, was enlarged by joining part of the settlements of the abolished Belskaya volost;
Firovskaya volost, with its center in the village at the station Firovo, was re-formed from the abolished Domkinskaya, Zhabenskaya, Rozhdestvenskaya volosts and part of the settlements of the former Belskaya volost.

In accordance with the decision of the extended presidium of the Novgorod Gubernia Executive Committee of July 8, 1925, the center of the Luchkinskaya volost from the Pogostikha estate was transferred to the village of Lokotsko, and the volost on August 31, 1925 was renamed Lokotskaya. By a resolution of the plenum of the Valdai district executive committee on June 16, 1925, the volost center of the Medvedev volost from Medvedevo was transferred to the city of Bologoye.

In the Valdai district, by the decision of the small presidium of the Novgorod provincial executive committee of December 3, 1926, national (Estonian) village councils were created in the Krestets volost:

Bugry-Kamzovsky national village council (colony Bugry-Kamzovo);
Bugry-Limanovsky National Village Council (the colony of Bugry-Limany, the villages of Kuznetsovo and Kholm);
Yablonya-Estonian National Village Council (Colony Yablonya Estonskaya).

Also since 1926 the city of Kresttsy was transformed into a village.

Near the most elevated point of the Moscow highway; from the station Valdayka Nikolaevskaya railway- 38 versts. The village of V. is mentioned in the chronicles for the first time in the city, and in the city for the first time the church of St. Paraskeva. It arose because during the independence of Novgorod, herds of cattle were driven through the area where the city is now from Moscow to Novgorod, and on the shore of Lake Valdai there was a customs office for collecting duties. Ivan the Terrible, during one of his campaigns against Novgorod, burned this village. In the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich, Poles were evicted here, the memory of which remained in the name of Panskaya Street, and two families from Ostashkov; the descendants of the latter (Ostashi) multiplied so much that they formed a separate settlement. In the year Valdai was ravaged by the Swedes. In the year V., which belonged to the palace department, was given, at the request of Patriarch Nikon, to the Iversky Monastery, which owned it until the city. In the city of Valdai it was made a city, and after 2 years it was assigned to the Novgorod province. On the site of the old customs house was built wooden palace, which later turned into an almshouse. Before the construction of the railroad, V. conducted a significant trade in bread, wooden utensils, and salt. Of the crafts then flourished: baking pretzels (bagels), blacksmithing, which has existed since ancient times, and the preparation of the famous Valdai Yamsky bells. Currently, all these industries have fallen. In the city, there was only one bell factory in the city, with a production of 1400 rubles. per year, with 3 workers. The number of inhabitants is 4432 people; city school and women's two-class. Churches in the city 2. City land 134 tithes. See Novgorod Governorate.

Valdai district

Valdai district has been inhabited since very early times; the excavations of Prince P. A. Putyatin in Bologoye and other studies proved the existence of the Stone Age in this area (this will be discussed in more detail when describing the Novgorod province). The abundance of mounds scattered throughout the county shows that various peoples lived in the county. There is a special kind of cemetery in Novolac parish; they are lined with stones of significant size in the form of sarcophagi and with crosses. A lot of people have preserved stories about the Lithuanian devastation. Valdai district is located on a space of 6399 sq. versts, extends for 119 versts in length and 90 versts in width, in the circumferential line along the border it has 420 versts. The surface of the county is very undulating and mountainous, since the Valdai Mountains are located here (see this word). These hills from the Demyansk district pass, along the southeastern shore of Lake Velye, to the Valdai district, where they head from south to north, accompanied by a number of lakes. The hills of the Valdai district, often cut through by deep hollows, are rich in granite boulders. The soil in the mountainous areas is gristly, and along the banks of rivers and streams, for the most part, clayey-sandy. The Msta River touches the county with its left bank for 14 versts. Of the tributaries of its raftable Birch and Shlina. Of the other rivers, the most remarkable are the Borovka, near Lake Peretno, the Valdaika, the Kolomenets, and in general there are many rivers in the county, albeit small ones. Of the lakes, Seliger, Velye, Valdai, Kaftino (famous for fish), Piros, etc. deserve attention. There are many swamps in the eastern part of the county.

The soil is often sandy or clayey; there is very little chernozem and peat; performance is poor; in the forest, especially the drill, there is a big drawback. The forest is predominantly coniferous. Oak, maple, ash and aspen grow only in gardens. There are few herbs - clover, myatlovets, sedge, peas, timothy grass, chime and belous. Of the animals in the county, there are many hares, wolves and squirrels. There are bears and moose. Of the game come across black grouse and sandpipers. There are many fish in rivers and lakes. Trout is found in the Polomet River and sometimes pearl shells are found. The main occupation of the inhabitants is Agriculture. Of the grains, rye and oats are sown most of all; barley, wheat, buckwheat and flax are very few. Harvest happens: rye - itself 5, oats no more than itself 3. The inhabitants are also engaged in fishing and distillation of tar and tar. In general, the Valdai district is the poorest in the province.

In the city of Valdai district there were 8 factories and plants, namely: 1 distillery, with a production of 7092 rubles, with 6 workers; glass 2, with a turnover of 61,500 rubles, with 123 workers, and 5 lime, with a turnover of 22,000 rubles, with 33 workers. In the village of Bologoy there is a railway technical school with 70 students. Schools of different names in county 40; there are 1315 boys and 314 girls in them. The Zemstvo spent 70,248 rubles for various needs of the county in 1889, including 16,145 rubles for the medical department. There are 4 doctors in Valdai district (one of them is a female doctor), 4 paramedics, 1 paramedic assistant, 1 midwife and 16 midwives. Outpatient clinics in the county 11, hospitals 2, with 14 beds. In 1889, the Zemstvo spent 10,529 rubles on public education. and individuals 1155 rubles. There are overnight shelters at 15 schools. There is a zemstvo post office in the county. According to the 10th revision (city), there were 63503 people in the county, there were 6 people per yard; in the city, the population was already 73,242 people. Therefore, population growth is 15%. According to data for the year, the annual population growth in Valdai uyezd = 19.2 per 1,000 inhabitants.

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Administrative-territorial structure

In 1897, the population of the county was 95,251 people, including Russians - 88,361, Karelians - 5,808.

In 1917, there were 1079 settlements in the county; The county included 19 volosts:

Belsk volost, center - the village of Bel;
Berezoryadskaya volost, center - the village of Berezovsky Ryadok.
Borovenskaya volost, center - churchyard Borovno.
Dvoretskaya volost (established in 1900), center - the village of Dvorets;
Dubrovskaya volost, center - churchyard Ascension;
Edrovskaya volost, center - the village of Edrovo;
Zhabensky volost, center - the village of Zhabny;
Zimogorskaya volost, center - the village of Zimogorye;
Ivanteevskaya volost, center - the village of Ivanteevo;
Ilyatinsky volost, center - the village of Ilyatino;
Kemetsky volost, center - the village of Kemtsy;
Medvedev volost, center - the village of Medvedevo;
Novotroitskaya volost, center - the village of Novotroitskoye;
Rabezh parish, center - the village of Rabezha;
Rozhdestvenskaya volost, center - the village of Rozhdestvensky;
Ryutinskaya volost, center - the village of Ryutin;
Sopkinskaya volost, center - the village of Sopki;
Khotilovo volost, center - the village of Khotilovo;
Yazhelbitskaya volost, center - the village of Yazhelbitsy.

In March 1918, 3 more volosts were allocated in the Valdai district:

Berezovskaya volost (from part of the Borovenskaya volost), the center is the village of Berezovka;
Domkinskaya volost (from part of Zhabenskaya volost), center - Domkino;
Kotlovanovskaya volost (from part of the Kemetskaya volost), center - Kotlovanovo.

In accordance with the decree of the Novgorod Gubernia Executive Committee of June 28, 1918, the settlements of the Rabezhskaya volost (Glebovo, Golenek (Govenok), Gorodets, Dobraya, Orekhovka, Orlovo, Osinovka (Osinka), Podoklinye (Podolishye), Turskaya) were transferred to the Sosnitskaya volost of the Ostashkovsky district Tver province. In accordance with the decree of the Valdai district executive committee of July 8, 1918, the village of Lovnitsa of the Berezoryadsky volost and two villages of the Ryutinskaya volost: Korpino and Lyubitovo were listed in the Kemetsky volost. On February 25, 1919, the department of management of the Novgorod Gubernia Executive Committee approved the transfer of the village of Lvovo from the Ryutinskaya volost to the Dubrovskaya volost in 1918.

On April 4, 1919, the settlements of Zamostye, Kuzmino and Naumovskoye were transferred to the Berezoryadskaya volost of the former Bologovsky district, from the Pereluchskaya volost of the Borovichsky district, and on March 4, the Navolokskaya volost was formed from separate villages of the Belsk and Ivanteevskaya volosts with the center in the village of Navolok. In October 1919, the abolished Berezovskaya volost entered the Borovensky volost.

In accordance with the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of April 3, 1924, the volosts in the uyezd were enlarged (out of 24 former volosts, 9 were formed):

Berezaisky volost, with the center in the village at the station Berezayka, was re-formed from the abolished Dubrovskaya, Ryutinskaya and Sopkinskaya volosts;
The Valdai volost, with its center in the city of Valdai, was re-formed from the abolished Dvoretskaya, Zimogorskaya, Ivanteevskaya, Navolokskaya and Yazhelbetskaya volosts;
Edrovskaya volost, with the center in the village of Edrovo, was enlarged by joining the abolished Ilyatinsky volost and part of the settlements of the former Belskaya volost;
The Kemetsky volost, with its center in the village of Kemtsy, was enlarged by joining the abolished Berezoryadskaya volost;
Krestets volost, with the center in the city of Kresttsy, was enlarged by joining the abolished Rakhin volost;
The Luchkinskaya volost, with its center in the village of Luchki, was re-formed from the abolished Borovenskaya, Kitovskaya and Novotroitskaya volosts;
The Medvedev volost, with its center in the village of Medvedevo, was enlarged by joining the abolished Khotilov volost;
Rabezhskaya volost, with the center in the village of Rabezha, was enlarged by joining part of the settlements of the abolished Belskaya volost;
Firovskaya volost, with its center in the village at the station Firovo, was re-formed from the abolished Domkinskaya, Zhabenskaya, Rozhdestvenskaya volosts and part of the settlements of the former Belskaya volost.

In accordance with the decision of the extended presidium of the Novgorod Gubernia Executive Committee of July 8, 1925, the center of the Luchkinskaya volost from the Pogostikha estate was transferred to the village of Lokotsko, and the volost on August 31, 1925 was renamed Lokotskaya. By the decision of the plenum of the Valdai district executive committee on June 16, 1925, the volost center of the Medvedev volost from Medvedevo was transferred to the city

Province
Centre
Educated
Area
Population

Administrative-territorial structure

Valdai uyezd in the modern grid of districts

In 1917, there were 1079 settlements in the county; The county included 19 volosts:

Belsk volost, center - the village of Bel;
Berezoryadskaya volost, center - the village of Berezovy Ryadok.
Borovenskaya volost, center - churchyard Borovno.
Dvoretskaya volost (established in 1900), center - Dvorets village;
Dubrovskaya volost, center - churchyard Ascension;
Edrovskaya volost, center - the village of Edrovo;
Zhabensky volost, center - the village of Zhabny;
Zimogorskaya volost, center - the village of Zimogorye;
Ivanteevskaya volost, center - the village of Ivanteevo;
Ilyatinsky volost, center - the village of Ilyatino;
Kemetsky volost, center - the village of Kemtsy;
Medvedev volost, center - the village of Medvedevo;
Novotroitskaya volost, center - the village of Novotroitskoye;
Rabezh parish, center - the village of Rabezha;
Rozhdestvenskaya volost, center - the village of Rozhdestvensky;
Ryutinskaya volost, center - the village of Ryutin;
Sopkinskaya volost, center - the village of Sopki;
Khotilovo volost, center - the village of Khotilovo;
Yazhelbitskaya volost, center - the village of Yazhelbitsy.

In March 1918, 3 more volosts were allocated in the Valdai district:

Berezovskaya volost (from part of the Borovenskaya volost), the center is the village of Berezovka;
Domkinskaya volost (from part of Zhabenskaya volost), center - Domkino;
Kotlovanovskaya volost (from part of the Kemetskaya volost), center - Kotlovanovo.

Novgorod governorship, districts, 1792

In accordance with the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of April 3, 1924, the volosts in the uyezd were enlarged (out of 24 former volosts, 9 were formed):

Berezaisky volost, with the center in the village at the station Berezayka, was re-formed from the abolished Dubrovskaya, Ryutinskaya and Sopkinskaya volosts;
The Valdai volost, with its center in the city of Valdai, was re-formed from the abolished Dvoretskaya, Zimogorskaya, Ivanteevskaya, Navolokskaya and Yazhelbetskaya volosts;
Edrovskaya volost, with the center in the village of Edrovo, was enlarged by joining the abolished Ilyatinsky volost and part of the settlements of the former Belskaya volost;
The Kemetsky volost, with its center in the village of Kemtsy, was enlarged by joining the abolished Berezoryadskaya volost;
Krestets volost, centered in the city