The mass of the hull of a hydrofoil meteor. History of Soviet hydrofoils

"Meteor-193" was built at the Zelenodolsk plant named after. A.M. Gorky in 1984. Export version built for sale in Brazil. It was equipped with Czechoslovak aviation seats. He worked in Kazan until 1997, belonged to the Volga United River Shipping Company, and later to the Tatflot company, and in 2004 was installed as a monument in front of the Kazan River Technical School named after Mikhail Devyatayev in honor of the centenary of this educational institution.

Address and coordinates of the object: Kazan, st. Nesmelova, 7, Kazan River College (now - the Kazan branch of the Volga State University water transport"). Monument on Wikimapia.

Photos of the monument are dated August 2011.

Nose view:

View of the bow saloon:

Stern:

Nose wing device:

Stern wing device:

Wheelhouse:

History of creation

The hydrofoil vessel "Meteor" is the second winged passenger ship, developed by designer Rostislav Alekseev in 1959. The history of the creation of these ships dates back to the early 1940s, when Alekseev became interested in the topic as a student and defended his graduation project on the topic “Hydrofoil glider”. In those years, the design did not attract the attention of the senior leadership of the navy, but interested the chief designer of the Krasnoye Sormovo plant, where Alekseev worked as a tank test master during the war. Alekseev was allocated a small room, designated as a "hydrolaboratory", and was allowed to devote three hours a day to his favorite topic. The development and testing of models of hydrofoil boats, the search for the optimal design, began. In 1945, on the A-5 boat of his own design, Alekseev reached Moscow under his own power, which finally attracted the attention of the military and received the task of equipping the 123K torpedo boat with hydrofoils, which he successfully completed (having worked out another modernization of his know-how on the boat A -7 and at the same time got acquainted with the design of the captured German SPK TS-6) and received the Stalin Prize for it in 1951.

Rostislav Alekseev:

In parallel, the designer developed a project for the first river hydrofoil passenger vessel "Rocket". But with the implementation of the project, everything turned out to be not so simple: the engineer had to beat the thresholds of ministries for years, fight bureaucratic inertia, conservatism, skepticism, beat out funding ... Real work on the Rocket began only in the winter of 1956, and the ship was launched was in 1957. Its demonstration at the World Festival of Youth and Students was a great success, then during the year there was a trial operation of the "Rocket" on the Gorky-Kazan line, and since 1959 the ship went into series. There was a revolution in the transportation of passengers on the river: a winged ship was almost five times faster than a conventional displacement one.

The first "Rocket" on the Volga, 1958 (photo from the collection of the University of Denver):

Following the successful "Rocket", the "Meteor" appeared - a vessel larger, twice as spacious and faster than the first-born, and even capable of coping with a larger wave. It took on board up to 120 passengers and could reach speeds of up to 100 km / h (the actual operating speed was still lower - 60-70 km / h). The first "Meteor" in the autumn of 1959 went on a test flight from Gorky to Feodosia, and in 1960 it was presented in Moscow to the country's leadership and the public as an exhibit of the river fleet exhibition.

Sketches by R. Alekseev (from the book "From Concept to Implementation"):

The lead ship of the series (photo from the archive of E.K. Sidorov):

Two fragments of Soviet newsreel of those times, in which we are talking about a new outlandish ship:

Since 1961, "Meteor" went into series. "Meteor-2" was launched in September 1961, and on May 7, 1962, on the eve of Victory Day, led by the legendary pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union Mikhail Petrovich Devyatayev, left the water area of ​​the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant named after. A.M. Gorky, where these ships were built. He was assigned to the Kazan river port. The next "Meteor" went to Moscow, the next - to Leningrad, Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don ... For several years, the ships of the series spread along the rivers and reservoirs of the entire Soviet Union.

"Meteor-47" on the channel them. Moscow (photo from the Moscow Canal prospectus):

"Meteor-59" on the Volga (photo from the archive of V.I. Polyakov).

Dry cargo ship "Partisan Glory" delivers "Meteor-103" to Komsomolsk-on-Amur from the Black Sea (photo from the magazine "Marine Fleet":

In total, almost 400 ships were built from 1961 to 1991, and they spread not only throughout the USSR, but also around the world: Meteors worked in Yugoslavia, Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, the Netherlands, Germany.

With the decline of the Union's economy and the advent of the era of the market, high-speed passenger transportation along the rivers began to be massively reduced and closed: unprofitable. State subsidies have come to naught, fuel, oil, spare parts have become expensive, and passenger traffic has become poorer: many passengers have acquired personal vehicles, villages that were connected by cruise ships with cities have become empty, competition from outside has appeared. bus routes. As a result, in a few years, many hydrofoils were cut into scrap metal. Some Soviet "Meteors" were more fortunate, they did not go under the knife, but were sold abroad, and now they are working in China, Vietnam, Greece, and Romania.

Greek "Falcon I" Greece - former Ukrainian "Meteor-19":

Vietnamese "Greenlines 9", former Ukrainian "Meteor-27":

Chang Xiang 1, China:

"Meteor-43" went to Romania and was renamed "Amiral-1":

In Russia, only a few dozen Meteors are now working: the main part is on tourist routes in St. Petersburg and Karelia, a few still carry passengers along the Volga (in Kazan, Yaroslavl and Rybinsk), a dozen and a half will be typed in total on the northern rivers.

"Meteor-282" on the Ob (photo by Anatoly K):

Yaroslavl "Meteor-159" arrives in Tutaev (photo by Dmitry Makarov):

Kazan "Meteor-249" (photo by Meteor216):

"Meteor-188" on the Lena (photo by Vladimir Kunitsyn):

"Meteor-242" in the Kizhi Skerries (photo by Dmitry Makarov):

"Meteor-189" on Malaya Neva (photo by Seven_balls):

The serial production of Meteors ceased in 1991, but several more motor ships left the slipways of the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant. In particular, in 2001 and 2006, two Meteors were built for OJSC Severrechflot. In addition, the Nizhny Novgorod design bureau for hydrofoils named after Rostislav Alekseev developed a Meteor-2000 modification with German Deutz engines and air conditioners, and several of these ships were sold to China. By 2007, the Meteor production line was finally dismantled, and they were replaced by planing vessels of the A145 project.

Chinese "Chang Jiang 1" project "Meteor-2000":

But the fate of the Krasnoyarsk "Meteor-235" was unusual: from 1994 to 2005, he served in the Yenisei River Shipping Company, after which he was sold, and a few years later, having changed owners again, he was modernized at the Krasnoyarsk ship repair plant according to project 342E / 310 , turned into a luxury yacht and was rebaptized as "Faithful"; according to rumors, it was the personal "Meteor" of the governor Krasnoyarsk Territory. It is easily recognizable by its futuristic appearance and dubious aesthetic value of the interior decoration with an abundance of leopard-like skins.

Design and specifications

"Meteor-193" - a project 342E ship developed by the Central Design Bureau for the SPK (chief designer - Rostislav Alekseev) in 1959 and released by the Zelenodolsk Shipbuilding Plant named after. A.M. Gorky. Type - twin-screw passenger ship on hydrofoils. The length of the hull is 34.6 meters, the width (according to the span of the hydrofoil structure) is 9.5 meters. Draft afloat - 2.35 meters, with the course on the wings - about 1.2 meters. Displacement with a full load - 53.4 tons. Operating speed - 65 km / h (record - 108 km / h). Cruising range (without replenishment of fuel) - 600 km.

The Meteor has three passenger compartments: in the bow, middle and stern parts of the vessel. The total passenger capacity is 124 people.

Nasal saloon (photo by Dmitry Schukin):


Average interior (photo by Vladimir Burakshaev):

Between the middle and aft saloon there is a small half-covered (promenade) deck.

Promenade deck (photo by Vladimir Burakshaev):

Vessel control posts are located in the wheelhouse recessed into the semi-superstructure in the bow of the ship.

The wheelhouse (photo by Alexei Petrov):

As the main engines, two V-shaped 12-cylinder turbodiesels of the M-400 type (a version of the M-40 aviation diesel converted into a marine one) with a power of 1000 hp are installed. everyone. They rotate two five-bladed propellers with a diameter of 710 mm, which set the ship in motion.

Engine room (photo by Alexei Petrov):

Under the hull of the Meteor there is a wing device - bow and stern carrier wings and two hydroplaning fender liner mounted on the nose wing struts. The fender liner helps the vessel to “go to the wing”, and on the move do not allow it to return to the displacement mode, sliding on the surface of the water.

The principle of their operation of the wings of the Meteor is the same as that of the wing of an aircraft: the lifting force arises due to the occurrence of excess pressure under the wing profile and the rarefaction zone above it. As the speed increases, the pressure difference “pushes” the ship up, the hull moves from the displacement position to the surface position, which significantly reduces the area of ​​contact with water and its resistance, which allows it to develop greater speed.

The Meteor's wing device uses the effect of a low-submerged hydrofoil, also known as the "Alekseev effect". Alekseev, as a result of his research, obtained such hydrodynamic characteristics of the hydrofoil, in which, rising to the surface of the water, it gradually loses lift due to the braking of fluid particles in the zone close to the boundary of the media. Due to the fact that at a certain depth the lift of the wing approaches zero, it does not jump out of the water.

P.S. If dear participants find any inaccuracies, please report it.

The most beautiful and famous hydrofoil ship "Meteor", built in 1959 by the Gorky shipbuilding plant "Krasnoye Sormovo", is still used on the rivers of our country. "Meteor" is a high-speed ship carrying passengers along freshwater lakes and reservoirs and navigable rivers during daylight hours.

The history of the development of hydrofoils

For the first time, a small hydrofoil vessel (SPK) was tested in France on the Seine River in 1897 by a Russian subject, Charles de Lambert. However, the power of the steam engine used was not enough to lift ship hull above the water. At the same time, the Italian inventor E. Forlanini accelerated an experimental vessel on multi-tiered wings to 68 km / h. At the beginning of the last century, SPK models were tested by inventors from the USA, Britain, Germany, Switzerland, Canada, and Italy. In 1919, Frederick Baldwin's HD-4, approved by the US Navy, set a world record on two engines, reaching a speed of 114 km / h in water. The single-winged models of the British shipbuilder D. I. Thornycroft had a length of about 7 meters and a speed of about 64 km / h.

In the 1940s, the German design bureau, under the direction of Hans von Schertel, built a winged vessel that could reach speeds of up to 74 km / h with a load of 20 tons on board. In the 50s, Shertel, having founded the Supramar company in Switzerland, built a wooden vessel on partially submerged wings, which was the first in the world to carry out commercial transportation of 32 passengers between the cities of Italy and Switzerland. In 1956, under the license of Supramara, the Rodriguez company began mass production of RT-20 hydrofoil ships for use at sea. RT-20, having a displacement of 32 tons, carried 72 passengers through the Strait of Messina, developing a speed of about 62 km/h. Over the course of 20 years, Supramar has developed a series of partially submerged hydrofoil models and over 200 vessels have been built under its license in Italy and Japan.

In the United States in the 60s, the Boeing company participated in the development of military patrol and missile-carrying boats. The Pegasus-class fast armed ships were part of the US Navy from 1977 until 1993. Since 1974, Boeing has produced about 20 Jetfoil civilian offshore vessels carrying from 167 to 400 passengers on board. Today, Jetfoils are built under license by the Japanese company Kawasaki.

In the 60-70s of the last century, the Canadian and Italian navies were armed with high-speed armed hydrofoil boats.

The appearance of "Meteor"

In the USSR, most of the SPK was designed under the guidance of a talented engineer Rostislav Evgenievich Alekseev. In 1941, in his thesis work "Hydrofoil glider" Alekseev R.E. described the principle of operation of a lightly submerged hydrofoil. The examination committee of the Gorky Polytechnic Institute learned about a ship that has no analogues in the history of shipbuilding.

In the early 1950s, military torpedo boats with forward hydrofoils were built in the Soviet Union. During 1963-1967, 16 patrol and 12 border hydrofoil boats were built according to the Antares project and 2 Sokol anti-submarine ships.

In the 60s, several single experimental SPK Strela-1,2 and 3, Chaika, Burevestnik, Sputnik, Whirlwind, and Typhoon were built. In the service of ship supervision and at rescue stations, hydrofoil boats "Volga" were used. The Soviet Union exported passenger SPKs to dozens of countries around the world.

The experimental ship "Meteor" during the tests in November 1959 passed its first journey - from Gorky to Feodosia. After wintering in May 1960, the Meteor returned to Gorky. A successful test voyage of the ship made it possible to put the Meteor passenger ship on display at the river fleet exhibition in Moscow for presentation to the leadership of the Soviet Union. Demonstration of the first ship "Meteor" to the head of the USSR N.S. Khrushchev was held under the joint control of R.E. Alekseev and the famous aircraft designer A.N. Tupolev.

Serial production of the ship "Meteor"

The river fleet of the Soviet Union had the largest fleet of cruise ships. More than 1000 high-speed boats and hydrofoils were used on the rivers and lakes of our Motherland. Raised on the wing river boats increased speed and became an attractive transport for local passenger traffic and fast travel between cities. River travel attracted Soviet residents with comfort, speed and economy.

Since September 1961, the serial production of the Meteor motor ships has been carried out in Tatarstan by the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant named after A. M. Gorky. For 30 years, more than 400 ships of the Meteor series have been launched. The increase in passenger traffic required new, more spacious and comfortable ships. And in May 1962, Meteor-2 left the water area of ​​the plant, bringing 115 people on board with a bar and a cafe.

Nizhny Novgorod Design Bureau for SPK them. R.E. Alekseeva developed a modification of the Metor-2000 motor ship, equipped with imported engines and a comfortable cabin with air conditioning. Since 2007, the line that produced the Meteors has been reconstructed for the production of new motor ships of the A45-1 series.

Description of SPK "Meteor"

Single-deck duralumin river boat hydrofoil "Meteor" is equipped with a diesel engine. In autonomous mode, without refueling, the ship delivers passengers to a distance of no more than 600 km along the navigable rivers and freshwater lakes of Russia. Tourist excursions or business long-distance trips on the ship "Meteor" are carried out only during daylight hours. Remote control of the movement of the vessel from the wheelhouse is carried out by a team of 3 people.

Three passenger compartments for 124 people, located in the bow, stern and middle parts of the ship, are equipped with soft comfortable seats and a single audio system for transmitting information to passengers. There is a bar in the middle saloon and a bar in the bow saloon scenic surroundings float through the huge panoramic windows. Through the deck of the vessel there is a passage between the passenger compartments, to the toilet, to the utility room and the engine room.

Technical characteristics of the ship "Meteor"

The ship "Meteor" is operated at a speed of 60-65 km / h, although it can accelerate in the open up to 77 km / h. With a vessel length of 34.6 m and a width with a wingspan of 9.5 m, an empty ship has a displacement of 36.4 tons, and when fully loaded - 53.4 tons. While moored, the height of the vessel is 5.63 m, and the draft is 2.35 m. During the movement on the wings, it “grows” to 6.78 m and settles by 1.2 m.

The high fuel consumption of the motor ship "Meteor" is a significant drawback winged ship. The first models of the ship consumed approximately 225 liters of diesel fuel per hour. The use of new modern motors reduces this figure to 50 liters per hour.

Meteor engine

The main engines on the ship are 2 twelve-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines of the M-400 type, which have a turbocharger, a reversible clutch and water cooling. The rated power of each engine at 1700 rpm is 1000 horsepower. Auxiliary propulsion is a pair of five-blade propellers 710 mm in diameter. Ship needs are handled by a unit consisting of:

• Diesel engine with a capacity of 12 horsepower at 1500 rpm.
• Generator (5.6 kW).
• compressor.
• Self-priming vortex pump.

The design of the wings includes load-bearing (bow and aft) steel wings and two magnesium-aluminum alloy flaps mounted on the nose wing struts.

Electricity in running mode is supplied by two DC generators installed on the main engines with a power of 1 kW each. During parking, an auxiliary generator is used, and the ship is also equipped with an automatic generator parallel operation with batteries.

Safety on board

All devices and mechanisms of the ship are controlled by the ship's control system. Smooth movement and reliable operation of the motors are guaranteed by regular, thorough maintenance passenger ships. The deck and salons for passengers are protected from bad weather by a strong roof. Comfortable chairs and safety on the ship "Meteor" are conducive to exciting journeys and river walks with family or among friends.

Weekdays "Meteor" today

Despite the fact that Meteor hydrofoil ships are no longer produced, these ships are still used for passenger transportation in Russia, the CIS countries and far abroad. In the difficult 90s, many river shipping companies, left without work, were forced to sell the Meteors to travel companies Greece, China and Vietnam. In Italy, Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia, the Meteor motor ships and other hydrofoils produced in the USSR are still used today.

In Russia, regular flights operate during the navigation period along the routes Irkutsk - Bratsk along the Angara, from Petrozavodsk to Shala, Kizhi and Velikaya Guba along Onega lake, along Ladoga to Valaam from Sortavala. Between the cities of the navigable rivers of the Volga, Don, Lena, Amur and Kama, passengers are happy to use motor ships, rather than electric trains and trains.

Burevestnik, Sputnik, Comet and Meteor - the names of these Soviet ships gave rise to romantic thoughts about flying. Although it was only about the river trip. However, it is difficult to say, a trip on a hydrofoil is also swimming, but there is something from flying in it. These ships, which in general were called rockets and could reach speeds of 150 km / h (carrying up to 300 passengers), were the same symbol of the USSR of the 60s and 80s, like the real space rockets that plowed the Bolshoi Theater space spaces.

The severe economic crisis (if not an industrial disaster) of the 90s led to the fact that the number of ships of this class was sharply reduced. Now let's remember a brief history these unusual ships.

The principle of movement of these vessels was twofold. At low speed, such a vessel moves like an ordinary ship, that is, due to the buoyancy of water (hello to Archimedes). But when it develops high speed, then due to the hydrofoils available to these ships, a lifting force arises, which raises the ship above the water. That is, a hydrofoil is both a ship and, as it were, an airplane at the same time. He only flies "low".

Perhaps the most elegant high-speed hydrofoil was the so-called. gas turbine "Petrel". It was developed by the Central Design Bureau of the SPK R. Alekseev in the city of Gorky and, with a length of 42 meters, could reach an estimated speed of 150 km / h (although there is no evidence that the ship has ever reached such a speed).

The first (and only) experimental vessel, Burevestnik, was built in 1964.

It was operated by the Volga Shipping Company on the Volga along the route Kuibyshev - Ulyanovsk - Kazan - Gorky.

Two aircraft gas turbine engines on the sides gave this ship a special showiness (such engines were used on the IL-18 aircraft).

In such a ship, the journey really should have resembled a flight.

The captain's cabin was distinguished by particular grace, the design of which resembled the design of futuristic American limousines of the 50s (in the photo below, however, the cabin is not the "Petrel", but about the same).

Unfortunately, having worked until the end of the 70s, the unique 42-meter Burevestnik was written off due to wear and tear, and remained in a single copy. The immediate cause of the decommissioning was an accident in 1974, when the Burevestnik collided with a tugboat, severely damaging one side and a gas turbine engine. After that, it was restored, as they say, "somehow" and after some time its further operation was considered unprofitable.

Another type of hydrofoil was the Meteor.

The "Meteors" were smaller than the "Petrel" (34 meters in length) and not as fast (no more than 100 km / h). Meteors were produced from 1961 to 1991 and, in addition to the USSR, they were also supplied to the countries of the socialist camp.

In total, four hundred motor ships of this series were built.

Unlike the aircraft engines of the Burevestnik, the Meteors flew with diesel engines that drove propellers typical of ships.

Vessel control panel:

But the most famous hydrofoil is probably the Rocket.

For the first time "Rocket" was presented in Moscow in 1957 at the International Festival of Youth Students.

The leader of the USSR Nikita Khrushchev himself then expressed himself in the spirit that, they say, it’s enough to swim along the rivers in rusty bathtubs, it’s time to travel in style.

However, at that time only the first experimental "Rocket" went along the Moscow River, and after the festival it was sent for trial operation on the Volgna to the Gorky-Kazan line. The ship covered a distance of 420 km in 7 hours. An ordinary ship followed the same route for 30 hours. As a result, the experience was considered successful and the "Rocket" went into series.

Another of the famous Soviet ships is the Comet.

"Comet" was a naval version of "Meteor". In this 1984 photo, two Comets are in seaport Odessa:

"Comet" was developed in 1961. Serially produced from 1964 to 1981 at Feodosia shipyard"Sea". A total of 86 Komets were built (including 34 for export).

One of the surviving "Komet" in a bright design:

By the beginning of the 70s, the Rockets and Meteors were already considered obsolete ships, and the Voskhod was developed to replace them.

The first ship of the series was built in 1973. A total of 150 Voskhods were built, some of which were exported (China, Canada, Austria, Hungary, the Netherlands, etc.). In the 90s, the production of Voskhod was stopped.

"Sunrise" in the Netherlands:

Of the other types of hydrofoils, it is worth remembering the Sputnik.

It was truly a monster. At the time of the construction of the first Sputnik ship (October 1961), it was the world's largest hydrofoil passenger ship. Its length was 47 meters, and the passenger capacity was 300 people!

"Sputnik" was first operated on the Gorky - Tolyatti line, but then, due to its low landing, it was transferred to the lower reaches of the Volga to the Kuibyshev - Kazan line. But he was on this line for only three months. On one of the voyages, the ship collided with a driftwood, after which it stood in a shipyard for several years. At first they wanted to cut it into scrap metal, but then they decided to install it on the Togliatti embankment. "Sputnik" was placed next to the river station, where it housed a cafe with the same name, which continues to delight (or frighten) the inhabitants of Avtograd (proof) with its appearance.

The marine version of the Sputnik was called the Whirlwind and was intended for sailing with a wave of up to 8 points.

It is also worth remembering the ship "Chaika", which was created in a single copy and took on board 70 passengers, but developed a speed of up to 100 km / h

Another of the rare ones is the Typhoon ...

... and "Swallow"

A story about Soviet hydrofoils would be incomplete without a story about a man who devoted his life to the creation of these ships.

Rostislav Evgenievich Alekseev (1916-1980) - Soviet shipbuilder, creator of hydrofoils, ekranoplanes and ekranoplanes. Yacht designer, winner of all-Union competitions, master of sports of the USSR.

He came to the idea of ​​hydrofoils during the work during the war (1942) on the creation of combat boats. His boats did not have time to take part in the war, but in 1951 Alekseev was awarded the Stalin Prize of the second degree for the development and creation of hydrofoils. It was his team that created the Rocket in the 50s, and then, starting from 1961, almost every year new project: "Meteor", "Comet", "Sputnik", "Petrel", "Sunrise". In the 60s, Rostislav Evgenievich Alekseev began work on the creation of the so-called. "Ekranoplanes" - ships for the Airborne Forces, which were supposed to soar above the water at a height of several meters. In January 1980, while testing a passenger ekranolet, which was supposed to enter service for the 1980 Olympics, Alekseev was seriously injured. He died from these injuries on February 9, 1980. After his death, the idea of ​​ekranoplanes was no longer returned.

And now I offer a few more photos of these insanely beautiful hydrofoils:

The Kometa-44 built in 1979 is currently operated in Turkey:

Project "Olympia"

Project "Katran"

Two-story monster "Cyclone"

Cemetery of ships near Perm.

Bar "Meteor" in the city of Kanev (Ukraine)

Red "Meteor" in China

But even today, these ships of the 60s projects look quite futuristic.

Meteor is a series of river hydrofoil passenger ships. These are reliable, economical, high-speed vessels. As of 2017, Russia is the only country in the world that has resumed serial production of hydrofoils, while maintaining and improving the technology for designing and building ships.

Description:

Meteor is a series of river hydrofoil passenger ships designed by Rostislav Alekseev.

The first experimental "Meteor" was launched in 1959. The serial production of "Meteors" was launched at the Zelenodolsk Shipbuilding Plant named after. A. M. Gorky. From 1961 to 1991, more than 400 ships of this series were built.

The history of the creation of these ships dates back to the early 1940s, when Alekseev became interested in the topic as a student and in 1941 defended his graduation project on the topic “Hydrofoil glider”.

Alekseev's project used Effect low submerged hydrofoil (Alekseev effect). Hydrofoil Alekseev consists of two main horizontal bearing planes - one in front and one behind. The dihedral angle at the convergence is either small or absent, the weight distribution is approximately equal between the front and rear planes. Submerged hydrofoil, rising to surfaces, gradually loses lift, and at a depth approximately equal to the wing chord length, the lift approaches zero. It is due to this effect that the submerged wing is not able to fully come to the surface. At the same time, a relatively small hydroplaning (sliding on the surface water) fender liner is used to assist in "winging out" and also prevents the vessel from returning to displacement mode. These fender liners are located in close proximity to the front pillars and are mounted so that they touch the surface of the water while under way, while the wings are submerged to a depth approximately equal to the length of their chord.

Due to different flow velocities, in accordance with the Bernoulli equation, a rarefaction is created on the upper surface of the hydrofoil, and increased pressure on the lower surface - this leads to the formation of lift. With decreasing depth, the pressure on the upper surface of the wing increases, because in the boundary zone, the liquid particles slow down, as a result, the lifting force decreases and the ship stabilizes.

Advantages:

– reliable, economical, high-speed vessels,

– as of 2017, Russia is the only country in the world that has resumed mass production of hydrofoils, while maintaining and improving the design and construction technology courts.

Technical characteristics of the hydrofoil vessel "Kometa 120M" project 23160:

Sea passenger hydrofoil vessel of the new generation "Kometa 120M" project 23160 is designed for high-speed transportation of passengers during daylight hours in cabins equipped with aircraft-type seats.

Characteristics:	Meaning:
Vessel class	KM SPK - A
Area of ​​operation	seas with maritime tropical climate R3-RSN (h in 3% 2.0 m)
Overall length, m	35,2
Overall width, m	10,3
Displacement, t	73,0
Draft overall afloat, m	3,5
Speed, knots	at least 35
Crew, man	5
Passenger capacity, person:	120
business class lounge	22
economy class cabin	98
Engine power, kW	2 x 820
Hourly fuel consumption, kg/h	320
Range at full displacement, miles	200
Autonomy of navigation, hours	8
Removal from the port of refuge in open seas, miles	50
Seaworthiness (wave height h3%), m	<2,0 (крыльевой режим) /2,0-2,5 (водоизмещающий)
Fuel consumption, kg / hour	320

Note: description of the technology on the example of a hydrofoil vessel "Kometa 120M" project 23160.

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  M/v "Meteor"

  Produced from 1961 to 1991 at the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant named after. A. M. Gorky. In total, more than 400 ships of this series were built. In the Nizhny Novgorod design bureau for hydrofoils named after Rostislav Alekseev, a Meteor-2000 modification was developed with imported engines and air conditioners, which was also supplied to China. By 2007, the line for the production of "Meteors" at the plant was dismantled, and motor ships of the new A45-1 project were laid down.

  Description

  

  Motor ship Meteor project 342E - duralumin, diesel, single-deck, two-shaft hydrofoil motor ship, designed for high-speed passenger transportation during daylight hours along navigable rivers, freshwater reservoirs and lakes in areas with a temperate climate. The remote control and monitoring system provides control of the ship directly from the wheelhouse.

  Passengers are accommodated in three cabins equipped with soft seats: bow, middle and stern - for 26, 44 and 44 seats, respectively. The transition of passengers from the middle to the aft saloon is carried out along a roofed deck (visible in the photographs as a "hump"), from the deck the doors lead to the toilet, engine room and utility room. There is a buffet in the middle salon.

  Wing device consists of bow and stern carrier wings and two flaps mounted on side and bottom struts of the bow wing.

  

  As the main engines on the ship, two diesel engines of the M-400 type (12ChNS18/20) of right and left rotation, twelve-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged, water-cooled, reversible clutch, with a rated power of 1000 hp are installed. each at 1700 rpm, converted from aviation M-40s. Propulsion - two five-blade fixed-pitch propellers ø 710 mm. A combined diesel-generator-compressor-pump unit was installed to service the power plant and ship needs. The unit consists of a 12 hp diesel engine. at 1500 rpm with starter and manual start, a 5.6 kW generator, a compressor and a vortex self-priming pump. The mechanical installation of the ship is controlled from posts in the wheelhouse and in the engine room.

  Sources of electricity

  The main source of electricity in running mode are two running DC generators with a power of 1 kW each at a normal voltage of 27.5 V, installed on the main engines. There is an automatic generator and batteries parallel operation. An auxiliary DC generator with a power of 5.6 kW and a rated voltage of 28 V is installed in the parking lot to supply electricity consumers.

  

  "Meteor-236" on the Lena

  • The first captain of the SPK "Meteor" was the famous pilot Hero of the Soviet Union Mikhail Devyatayev, who during the Great Patriotic War was able to escape from captivity by hijacking an enemy bomber.
  • In the center of the Sormovsky district of Nizhny Novgorod, on Burevestnik Square, a Meteor model was installed. At this time, the model has been moved to the square in front of the Polytechnic College near the Sormovsky Park.
  • A Meteor model was installed near the Kazan River Technical School.

  

  

  

  

  

  Motor ship Meteor-86

  VIP-class ship!
  In 2011, the interior of the vessel was completely renovated, the decoration and layout of the premises were changed (the bow and middle compartments were combined). Equipped with leather seats with folding wooden tables, there is a wardrobe and separate tables for negotiations.
  Passenger capacity = 86 people
  There is a bar on the ship, you can also organize meals on board by delivering snacks using special carts (like on an airplane). In addition, a well-equipped closet is available.
  The windows are tinted, there is a built-in air conditioning system.
  The hold of the ship was also given due attention: new rivets, straightened floors, fresh paintwork. The ship's hull also received the necessary care.
  The ship is equipped with the latest radio navigation equipment class O2.0. A separate cabin is equipped for conducting special communications when escorting VIP flights.
  In addition, the diesel power plant was updated: the company overhauled two M419 engines (2200 hp in total). Additionally, a Westerbeke 220 V generator is installed.

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