longest official name- a hill 305 meters high, located in New Zealand.

Mamihlapinatapai (sometimes spelled mamihlapinatapei) is a word from the language of the Yagan tribe ( Tierra del Fuego). It is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the "most condensed word" and considered one of the most difficult words to translate.

Mamihlapinatapai means " A look between two people that expresses the desire of each that the other will initiate what both want, but neither wants to be the first».

But what longest word in the world?

The full chemical name of the largest protein contains 189,819 letters and is considered the most long word in any language.

Titin, also known as connectin, is a giant protein composed of 244 individually folded protein regions connected by an unstructured sequence of peptides.

In addition, the titin gene contains the largest number of exons, with 363 found in a single gene.

Titin plays an important role in the contraction of striated muscle tissue, but it is best known for its technical name, which is said to be the longest word in any language in the world.

The name "titin" is borrowed from the Greek word "titan" (giant deity, something large). The chemical name starts with methionyl ... and ends with ... isoleucine.

The full name of the largest protein would take up a lot of space in this post, but you

If you really want to hear how the longest word in the world sounds, you can watch the video, which takes almost 3.5 hours to fully pronounce this name.

It is interesting that you will not even see the full chemical name of titin in dictionaries, since the compilers of dictionaries consider the names of chemical compounds to be a verbal formula, not a word. But no matter how you call it: a word, a formula, or a whole story, it is extremely long.

The longest word in Russian has not yet been determined for a number of reasons. Theoretically, one of these words can be the adjectiveahydropyridopyridine, consisting of 55 letters. But will such a choice of the winner be fair, because in analytical, for example, chemistry, the names of substances can be built according to a certain scheme and sometimes reach downright cosmic values.

Another frequently cited example is the construction of a word by adding the prefix pra-. Its number can be unlimited, therefore, there will be plenty of letters in such a word.

Various words are also popular, containing a numeral and denoting any value - one thousand eight hundred and seventy nine centimeters, or constructed according to the type of eighty-four years. To indicate the age of, for example, the Earth. So there are countless opportunities for word creation. You can combine options for quite a long time, because, as we know, there are a lot of natural numbers. That is, you can ask the expression of the diameter of the Earth in millimeters, and you can only imagine how many letters there will be in this newborn word. In view of this, the task of finding the longest word in the Russian language, alas, will not be crowned with success. Moreover, most of these words seem almost like a monster to the layman, and are not used at all in ordinary speech. Except on a local scale. That is, it is quite possible to find the longest word among parts of speech, for example, verbs or nouns.

Some difficulties are also created by the lack of agreement on whether different word forms can be used. So, for example, in the Guinness Book of Records in 1993, the word X-ray electrocardiographic (33 letters) was named the longest word, in the 2003 edition - highly contemplative (35 letters). In the first case, an analogue of the word could also be used - ente(42 letters). Disputes arose, naturally, due to the fact that, as we can see, in the first case the word is used in the genitive case, and in the second the spelling, for example, in the same case, would be longer by a letter. In general, the words-record holders have not been honored to be recognized, because the information is rather subjective and cannot be confirmed.

And how do you like this longest abbreviation? (56 characters)

NIIOMTPLABOPARMBETHELBETRABSBORMONIMONKO H-OTDTECHSTROMONT

Research laboratory for concrete reinforcement operations and reinforced concrete works for the construction of prefabricated monolithic and monolithic structures of the technology department of the construction and installation department of the Academy of Construction and Architecture of the USSR. That is, you can imagine how the employees of this organization answered the question about work.

Now let's talk about the most-most of its kind.

The longest adjective with a hyphen: agricultural engineering (38 letters).
The longest nouns with a hyphen are: uprooter-bulldozer-loader and animation-inanimateness (31 letters).
The longest noun without a hyphen: water and mud peat paraffin treatment (29 letters).
Longest adjective without a hyphen: electrophotosemiconductor (28 letters). This data was kindly provided by the spelling dictionary of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
The Grammar Dictionary of A.A. Zaliznyak, published in 2003, considers that: the longest (in letters) common noun in the dictionary form is the adjective private entrepreneurial (25 letters; word forms in -th and -imi - 26 letters).

The longest verbs are to recertify, to substantiate and to internationalize (all - 24 letters; the participles formed from them with the ending -uyuschimsya and gerunds on -ovavshis - 25 letters each). From the first time, I could not even immediately imagine the meaning of the second word ...

The longest nouns are misanthropy and excellency (24 letters each; word forms in -ami - 26 letters each)
The longest animate nouns are an eleventh-grader (20 letters) and a clerk (21 letters), word forms with -ami have 22 and 23 letters, respectively.

The longest adverb recorded in the dictionary is unsatisfactory (19 letters). Do not forget that from the vast majority of quality adjectives on -y and -y, adverbs on -o, -e or -i are formed, which are far from always recorded in the dictionary.

The longest interjection included in the dictionary is a slightly rough gym hello (14 letters).

The word respectively (14 letters) is at the same time the longest preposition. The longest particle is only one letter shorter.

But in addition to long, little-known and highly specialized words, there are also champions in literature, for example, the word of discretion, which Nikolai Leskov used in the story "Hare Remise". The most interesting thing is that no one knows for certain the meaning, it is quite likely that the author himself invented it . But, probably, everyone can imagine its significance for themselves.

Our language hides a lot of interesting things, and I think the number of record-breaking words does not affect the power and beauty of our Russian speech in any way. Collecting information for this article, I learned an incredibly many interesting things. And for some reason I remembered that at the age of seven it was thought that the word electrosynchrophasotron was, well, the longest, and Staroportofrankivska Street was generally something from the category of science fiction. Beliefs change... And most importantly, the language is not something static, and is replenished daily with neologisms; he lives, is reborn, and it is not known how long the word-champion can become. Although, judging by the current desire of the young to shorten the word beyond recognition, it is still unknown who will win...

And when I studied at the institute, we had a student in our group who considered his last name the longest in Russia - Skorobogatko - 13 letters, who has more?

2.08.2019 at 17:43 · VeraSchegoleva · 1 520

Top 10 longest city names in the world

There are many in the world settlements and they all have names. Their history is very interesting. Many towns, villages and villages are named after their founders. Often they are formed on behalf of a nearby river, or are dedicated to some key features of the area in which the settlement is being built.

The variety of names is amazing: beautiful, dissonant, complex and even offensive. This article will focus on the names of settlements, which not everyone can pronounce, but they can completely replace tongue twisters and other exercises for the development of speech.

10. Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky (Russia)

Russian city, located near the border with Buryatia. Date of foundation - 1789, until 1926 the city was called Petrovsky village. So ordered to call him Catherine II.

An iron foundry and an ironworks were built in the village. Mostly convicts and exiles lived here. Not only the Russian Decembrists were serving their sentences, but also the Italians, the French, participating in the uprisings.

1926 was a very significant year for the village, it was given the status of a city. Given a new name "Petrovsk", added definition "Zabaikalsky", because the city with that name existed in the Saratov region.

Now Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky- not Big city ok, in terms of population it occupies 749th place out of 1113 cities of the country (at the beginning of 2018).

9. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Russia)

Administrative center Kamchatka Territory. This is where the base is located. Pacific Fleet Russia.

Enough Old city, it was founded in 1697. The Cossacks chose a place to store the tax, which they collected from the people in kind, and built a prison here.

43 years have passed, an expedition was sent here. The goal was set for the researchers - to map the area and understand whether large sea ​​vessels. The ships on which the researchers arrived were named after Saints Peter and Paul, on the basis of which Vitus Bering decided to name the new settlement Peter and Paul jail.

October 6, 1740, when the ships of the expedition sailed, was recognized as the official date of the city's birthday. Under Paul I, Kamchatka became a military outpost. In 1924, the new government ordered to give the port a new name. The city was named Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

8. Furstenfeldbruck (Germany)

The district center in Bavaria is located on the Amper River. In 1263, the men's Fürstennfeld was founded here.

The history of the city began in 1935, then it was officially recognized and given such original name. Derivatives of the name are two words "Fürstenfeld" "Bruck", literally can be translated as "bridge over the prince's fields".

Currently Furstenfeldbruck is a modern developed city. The number of inhabitants is small, only 35 thousand. Despite this, the infrastructure is developed and, importantly, there are enterprises that produce products from various industries.

7. Truth or Consequences (USA)

Sierra County seat. It was founded in 1884 when it was called hot springs, which means "Hot Springs". A well-deserved name, there were 40 thermal springs on the territory of Hot Springs.

In 1950, it was renamed in honor of the popular broadcast. As a result of the advertising move, the city began to be called also as Truth or Consequences (Truth or Consequences).

And now the townspeople are celebrating the date of the renaming, this is a celebration in honor of the host of the show, Ralph Edwards. The city is small, about 7 thousand inhabitants live here, but it is a real water-climatic paradise.

6. Freixo de Espada à Cinta (Portugal)

settlement, center municipality district of Braganza. This is very old settlement, founded in 1152. Wine region of Portugal. It is not surprising that in the spring it looks like a fairy tale. Many flowering trees are pleasing to the eye, and their aroma is dizzying.

Freixo de Espada a Cinta translates as " ash surrounded by a sword". There are several versions explaining the origin of the name. According to one, the city was founded by the Portuguese king. He decided to rest under an ash tree and hung his sword on the tree.

5. Llanwire Pullgwingill (England)

This town is located in Wales, Llanfair Pullwingill is the official name. Quite long, translated into Russian means " Church of St. Mary, located in the thickets of white hazel».

Little is known about this settlement, it became famous thanks to its unusual name. In 1860, an unknown man came up with the original name to increase the influx of tourists.

Llan-fair-pwll-gwyn-gyll-go-ge-rych-wyrn-dro-bwll-llan-ty-si-lio-go-go-goch– this is how the new name of the village sounds. Yes, this is all about the same church, only now its location is specified by a few more signs ( near the whirlpool and the Tisilio church, which is located next to the red cave).

The most popular attraction in Wales is the nameplate.

4. Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky (Russia)

The history of the name of the city is no different from other names of Russian settlements. The military post was founded during the reign of Alexander II in 1869. It was named after him - Alexander post.

This place was used to serve the sentence of criminals - convicts. The prisoners worked in logging and coal works.

In 1926, the government changed, and the city received a new name. Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky, an adjective was added that specifies its location.

3. Santa Fe (USA)

The city is located in the state of New Mexico, is its administrative center. Santa Fe translates as " Holy Faith”, but this is only part of the name, because the full name is quite difficult to pronounce.

La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asis – royal city Saints: Francis of Assisi and Faith.

near the city rich story. The first mention of settlements date back to the 11th century BC. e. The locality was called Ogapogi, several times the Spaniards tried to seize these lands, but they did not succeed. Subsequently, the city of Santa Fe was founded on the site of ancient settlements.

2. Los Angeles (USA)

It turns out that the usual Los Angeles also has a clever name. It is located in the USA.

In 1781 a small village called El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Angeles sobre El Río Porciúncula, translated from Spanish " Village of the Queen of the Angels of the Virgin Mary on the Porjunkula River". In 1850 the village became a city.

Nowadays, everyone knows about the existence of Los Angeles. It is the largest city in California. Now they call it Los Angeles, and locals sometimes even abbreviate the name to two letters. LA.

1. Bangkok (Thailand)

The name of Thailand is listed in . It consists of two dozen words (more than 168 letters). The locals use the name Krung Thep.

The city was founded in 1782, it received the name Bang Kok, which means " wild plum village". In 1767 the capital of Thailand was destroyed by enemies. It was decided to move it to the part where the village was located.

The official name of the city (in Russian transcription): Krun Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahintarayutthaya Mahadilok Phop Nopparat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchanivet Mahasatan Amon Piman Avatan Satit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit. Half of the meaning of the words from this name is lost. All these are various epithets and laudatory words in honor of Bangkok ( the capital of the world, a city filled with abundance etc.).

What else to see:

In the world there are a great many long, strange, sometimes even incomprehensible names of villages and cities, rivers and lakes, mountains and plains, and simply names. All these names are generated by the human mind and imagination, the limits of which, as you know, do not exist. As an example of a flight of fantasy and imagination, consider the names of some cities in the world and Russia.

In the world

On the east coast Chao Phray River, near its mouth, is one of largest cities Thailand with five million people. It is the capital of Thailand, the city of Bangkok. However, the real name of this city sounds a little different - Krung Tep, or the City of Angels.

This name of the city, in terms of its length, is not impressive. The thing is that we use a more concise and easy-to-pronounce name. The historical name of Bangkok is quite different. In the native language, it consists of 30 words and in translation it sounds something like this: “The City of Angels, impregnable and the greatest, which is the residence of the emerald Buddha, the greatest of the capitals of the world, blessed with 9 century-old stones, decorated with majestic royal palaces, beautiful as a paradise , which is ruled by the confidant of God, the city bestowed by Indra and rebuilt by Wissanukam.

Once upon a time, Bangkok was called the Venice of the East. This name was given to the city by ancient travelers who visited it about two hundred years ago. The name was not chosen by chance, the city at that time stood on the coast of the river, literally in the water. Soon King Ram V ordered to dig channels for drainage. This is how the "water" streets appeared, making it look like Venice.

In the 19th century, these canals were covered with earth and turned into roads. The motive for such changes was the fashion for self-propelled carriages, which dominated Europe at that time. The fashion was adopted by the Thai kings, who had the opportunity to visit this country and see, and then adopt, a fashionable innovation.

To this day, only a few blocks have survived from the Venice of the East, most of which are inhabited by the poor, living literally in shacks. Many of the shacks are extensions to other houses and do not even have their own postal address. However, here you can still see mansions surrounded by lush gardens, in which the descendants of noble people still live to this day. The streets of the quarter are represented by canals, as they were many years ago. They still serve as water supply and even sewage to this day. This ancient part of Bangkok is now a historical and cultural value and is included in the tourist routes.

Modern Bangkok is a successfully developing city with a population of about 9 million people. Every year, Bangkok's two major airports, Suvarnabhumi and Don Muang, attract thousands of tourists who want to get acquainted with its sights. Bangkok is growing and developing rapidly, turning into a modern metropolis, but it manages to preserve the traditional Asian culture. The city is rich in museums, ancient and newly erected Buddha temples.

In Russia

Russia is also rich in cities with long names. Moreover, in our country there are long city names consisting of the same number of letters and even words, so it is almost impossible to choose a record holder for the length of the city name. It would be more appropriate to compare the length of the names not of cities or villages, but of settlements.

The record long name belongs to a small village located in the Zaraisky district of the Moscow region. This is about Central estate of the state farm named after the 40th anniversary of the Great October Revolution. The settlement is part of the Mashonovsky rural settlement. Now it is home to about 1,000 people.

It appeared in 1933 and was the Central Estate of a state farm engaged in breeding pigs. At that time it was called Kaganovich, but in 1957 it was renamed. Nowadays in the village there is a secondary school, a House of Culture, Kindergarten, a post office, a library and an outpatient clinic, but the pig farm no longer exists there.

The longest name of the settlement consists of 27 characters and belongs to the village of Kremenchug-Konstantinovskoe. The village is located in Kabardino-Balkaria. Founded in 1885 by the so-called settlers, originally from the Kremenchug province. They went to the Caucasus, in search of better conditions for life. In the town of Kabarda, from a local prince by the name of Inalov, they rented land, on which they subsequently settled. New settlers settled in separate farms, giving each a name derived from the name of the place from which they arrived. These names were fixed and still exist, now as the names of the districts of the village.

The modern name, Kremenchug-Konstantinovskoye, appeared after the farms were merged into a single settlement. The name of the farm of the first settlers - Kremenchug and the name of the founder's settler - Konstantin, was taken as the basis for its name. At local residents there is an unofficial short name for the village, Krem-Konstantinovka, or even shorter - Kremka.

There are two more villages in Russia with record long names. These are Verkhnenovokutlumbetyevo, which is in the Orenburg region, and Starokozmodemyanovskoye, located in the Tambov region. There are exactly 23 letters in the names of these villages and there is no hyphen.

Each huge metropolis and small village has its own unique story titles. Some settlements were named after famous people who contributed to the development of that area. Others have received a name associated with the picturesque nature of the region. But there are the longest place names in the world that you can’t pronounce the first time.

Russian record holders

In Russia, there are several settlements with long names. These are mainly villages and towns located in the northern part of the territory. Russian Federation. The longest city name in Russia is Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky, located on Sakhalin Island. This city has the most letters in the name, but at the same time its population is extremely small (does not exceed ten thousand people).

Initially, there was a military post in its place. Later, the city became a place of exile for dangerous criminals. Until 1926, the city with the most long title was called the Alexander post (it was named after one of the Russian emperors). After the city was appointed the administrative center Sakhalin region, so it was renamed Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky. In this name, the original name of the settlement was also preserved, and an indication of its location was added.

Longest city name in England

Llanfair Pullwyngyll is known throughout the world. Many locals love to argue with visiting tourists about the fact that travelers will not be able to clearly and correctly pronounce its name in its entirety at once due to the specifics of the local language. Llanwire Pullwyngyll is located in Wells, UK. The one who manages to pronounce the longest name of the city without hesitation can be safely accepted as an announcer on television.

But this area also has an unofficial, longer name - Llanfairpullguingillgogerihuirndrobulllantisiliogogogoh. The very name can be translated from Welsh (the indigenous language of the locals) as “Church Holy Mary in the vicinity of a mighty hazel near the great whirlpool and the church of the sacred Tisilio near the bloody cave. Also, this place is famous for the fact that the sign on the only railway station is the most famous and visited place in the country.

The longest city name in the world

Bangkok is considered the record holder for the number of letters in its name (the city is even noted in the Guinness Book of Records). And immediately, such a version may seem implausible, because the word "Bangkok" has only seven letters. But this is only an abbreviated version, which is adopted for ease of pronunciation. The longest city name is Krun Thep Mahanakhon Amon Ratanakosin Mahintarayathaya Mahadlok Phop Noparat Rachatani Burirom Udomratchanive Mahasatan Amon Piman Avata Sati Sakathattiyya Witsanukam Prasit.

And it can be translated from the local language like this: “The city of heavenly angels, the majestic city, the settlement is the eternal diamond, the indestructible settlement of the majestic god Indra, the great capital in the whole world, which was bestowed with nine beautiful gems, the happiest city, full of all kinds of blessings, the unique Royal The palace, which is a divine cradle, where the reborn almighty god sits, the city received by people from the great Indra and erected by the inviolable Vishnukarn. But it is difficult to accurately interpret the meaning of the words in the name of this capital, since many words are outdated, and on this moment not used by modern Thais.

Los Angeles

Immediately behind these record holders is another city that everyone is used to calling a shorter name. It is located in the United States of America and is better known as Los Angeles. Although the longest name of the city is pronounced like this: El Pueblo De Nustra Señora La Reina De Los Angeles De La Porcincula.

It means "village Immaculate Virgin Mary, Queen of Heavenly Angels, on the Porjuncula River. Initially, this name was given to a small village, but in 1820 the area grew, becoming a small town in the state of California. At the moment, the city is the largest in terms of population in the state and the second in the country.

Santa Fe

Following Los Angeles is another American city - Santa Fe. As in previous cases, this is just the usual abbreviated name. The true name is pronounced like this: Willa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asis. The settlement is located in the state of New Mexico. His unusual name can be translated thus: "The Royal City of the Sacred Faith of St. Francis of Assisi." Previously, there were several villages in its place. After a few failed attempts the conquest of these lands, a fairly large provincial town is located here.

History in city names

The history of various cities is quite interesting, but their unusual, intriguing names are even more interesting. Such facts easily attract inquisitive tourists from all over the world. Of course, despite the fact that the craving for travel appeared a long time ago, such names were not given in order to attract someone. They were given in honor of the holy martyrs, famous personalities, royalty and other famous people and characters.

But the fact remains, they have survived to this day, and now many are trying to get to know these cities more deeply, to understand why such a name was given. This is quite an exciting and amazing process that anyone can join.