Umbria on the map of Italy. What to try in Umbria? Tourist centers of the Umbria region
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The region of Umbria lies in the shadow of its more famous neighbor, Tuscany. At the same time, the two regions are very similar, the difference is only in the number of tourists. In Umbria, you can tune in a calm way to get acquainted with historical cities, pristine nature and traditional gastronomy. The medieval heritage of the region is organically inscribed in the landscapes, thanks to which Umbria is quite rightly called the Italian pearl.
Geography of Umbria
Umbria is located in Central Italy and has no borders with other countries and access to the sea. Most of the region's territory is occupied by mountain ranges and fertile valleys. The administrative center is Perugia, and 80% of the population of all Umbria lives in this province. To get to Umbria by air, you can go to Perugia. The local airport receives flights from Milan, Albania, Barcelona and London.
Map of the Umbria region
Big cities
Perugia is the largest city in Umbria, located on the hills. This is a city with a rich history, which is felt on its old streets. At the same time, Perugia is modern and lively. In the evenings, life is in full swing in its alleys, and restaurants, recognized as one of the best in Italy, offer traditional delicacies. Perugia is also distinguished by its hospitality: in October, a chocolate festival is held here, and in July, a prestigious jazz festival.
Terni is another major city in Umbria, which, compared to the touristic Milan and Rome, allows you to better experience the traditional spirit of Italy. In the past, it was an important industrial center, but also preserved ancient ruins, medieval palaces and churches. By the way, Terni is the birthplace of St. Valentine.
Terni city, Italy
Climate of Umbria
Since the region is landlocked, it has a continental climate. Here, hot summers and rather cold winters are affected by the proximity of the mountains. In Umbria, heavy rainfall is observed, but especially snowfalls and rains are strong in the foothills. And in summer, the heat is almost not felt due to the lush vegetation. December average temperature in Umbria it is +2 °С, in July - about +25 °С.
Sights of Umbria
A special place in the list of attractions of Umbria is occupied by the natural resources of the region. For example, Cascata waterfall - it is of artificial origin, but this does not make it less spectacular. The waterfall was created by the ancient Romans. Its sections reach 170 m, making it one of the highest waterfalls in Europe. There are two viewing platforms above the waterfall, which can be reached by equipped trails. From a height, it will be better to see the full power of Cascata.
Cascata waterfall
"River Tiber" is an important natural park of Umbria with the richest fauna. Ecotourism is excellently developed on its territory. The natural beauty of the park is complemented by man-made monuments: ancient cities and villages. The choice of entertainment in the park is wide. You can watch birds, go cycling, go fishing or choose to hike along scenic trails.
Karsulaye is an important architectural object of the region. This excavation area was once a major Roman city with a forum and an amphitheatre. Today, Karsulaye keeps many ancient ruins. Among them are tombstones, an early Christian church, colonnades and the Arch of Damiano (the only surviving of the three arches).
National Gallery, Perugia, Italy
In Perugia, the National Gallery deserves attention. In 40 rooms, she collected the best works of the masters of the Umbrian school, starting from the 13th century. Also in the museum are the creations of the natives of Perugia. It is worth visiting the Cathedral of the city. It keeps a unique reliquary - a jewelry masterpiece of the Renaissance. Other valuable relics are the tombs of saints and icons.
In the remaining time, you can go to the town of Narni, known since antiquity. It has completely retained its charm and attracts with old stone houses, cozy streets and churches from different eras with valuable frescoes.
Holidays in Umbria
Umbria does not have a coast that would provide the area with an endless stream of tourists. But this does not prevent you from enjoying your vacation in the region. Umbria will appeal to active tourists who want to spend time surrounded by its landscapes. The region has several rivers for rafting, dozens of routes for cycling and rural landscapes, which are best admired during a horseback ride.
For those who prefer the peaceful contemplation of the landscapes of Umbria and beneficial treatments for the body, there are spa centers in the region. There are many hotels offering massages, thermal showers and baths, climate therapy. There are such centers in Foligno, Umiertida, Torgiano and Bruf.
Umbria is widely known for its gastronomy. Cheeses, wines, meat, vegetables, smoked meats, chocolate are the basis of local cuisine. AT major cities There are gastronomic schools in Umbria for everyone who wants to learn the rules of Italian cuisine. In general, the region has long been considered the most popular destination for gastronomic tourism.
Wines from Umbria
Shopping in Umbria
The region is proud of its vineyards and typical Umbrian wines - Montefalco and Torgiano. Along with cheeses, wines are the main product that you should take with you. Ceramic products and textiles are also in demand among tourists. Perugia is famous for its excellent chocolate. And on the last weekend of the month, a traditional ceramics fair is held in the city. The products presented on it are decorated with bright colors and patterns - exactly the same as those applied to ceramics hundreds of years ago. It is worth going to Norcia to try and buy truffles. In March, during the festival, this expensive product is sold at a discount.
Umbria does not compare in the number of shopping centers with Rome or Milan. But you still won’t be able to leave the region without shopping. The center of Perugia is a great place to do a wardrobe update. Shops are concentrated here Italian stamps. Also works in the city shopping center Collestrada. Among the brands represented are H&M, Motivi, Guess, Zara, Tezenis, Desigual.
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Orvieto Cathedral is an old fourteenth-century Catholic church located in the city of Orvieto, Italy. The cathedral is the city's largest landmark and is recognized as an important monument of medieval religious architecture.
The construction of the cathedral in Orvieto began in 1290 by order of Pope Urban IV. The building was built for an extremely long time - the finishing work was fully completed only in 1591. Over the long centuries of such a monumental building, the cathedral has been influenced by many architectural styles, but in the end, experts attribute the building to the Gothic.
The facade of the cathedral is considered one of the main masterpieces of medieval religious architecture - it is decorated huge amount statues, carvings, mosaics, pilasters and bas-reliefs on religious themes. The interior of the cathedral is also very beautifully decorated, and many of the local frescoes are recognized as true works of art.
Orvieto Cathedral is one of the most beautiful Catholic churches in Italy. It is of considerable interest even for a completely non-religious person - the exquisite architecture and rich interior decoration of the temple invariably make a strong impression on tourists.
Church of Saint Francis
To the northwest of the cathedral is a basilica built in honor of St. Francis of Assisi, who was born in these parts. This ancient temple included in the list world heritage UNESCO and is one of the main monuments of Assisi.
Saint Francis was born in Assisi around 1181. With his deeds, he marked a turning point in the history of the ideals of asceticism. He became a real symbol of a new era in the history of Western monasticism. Two years after his death, on July 16, 1228, he was canonized by Pope Gregory IX. The day after the canonization, the Pope and brother Elijah, one of the followers of St. Francis, laid the first stone of the future basilica on the mountain, once called Hell's Hill. Legend has it that Francis himself bequeathed to be buried on this hill, which got its name because of the public punishments and executions of criminals. But gradually a new name was assigned to the hill - Paradise - since the relics of the saint are stored here. The basilica in honor of St. Francis has become a kind of monument, marking the burial place of the saint. In addition, it was the first temple of the Franciscan order. Over time, a whole monastery complex grew up around the basilica.
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Orvieto - the city in the rock
Orvieto is a small Italian city located on the Tufa rock. Despite its modest size and population of less than 20,000, Orvietto has a long history. The first settlements appeared here in the time of the Etruscans, thousands of years before our era. Later, the Tufa Rock was captured by the Roman Empire, which founded the city here. After the fall of the empire, Orvietto was of great importance in the religious sphere - the bishop was transferred here. Once Orvietto received a high-ranking guest - Pope Benedict VII.
The main attractions of Orvietto are the Gothic Duomo Cathedral, the Papal residence, the Etruscan necropolis and the whole underground city, whose existence has been a secret for centuries.
A unique museum of painted eggs is located in the province of Umbria near the small village of Civitella del Lago. It was opened in 2005 and quickly became popular with tourists and locals, as the unusual coloring of eggs often surprised even the most indifferent to art people. The main role in the museum's exposition is given to samples dedicated to the Italian poet Dante Alighieri and actor Alberto Sordi. Also here you will find exclusive eggs, presented in the form of a carriage and a pumpkin, which evoke memories of the world-famous fairy tale "Cinderella".
It is strictly forbidden to touch the samples, the most valuable of them are located under glass. However, photo and video shooting in the museum is absolutely free. If you know English or Italian well, you can rent an interactive audio assistant. Its price is only 3 euros, but you will get much more impressions from walking around the museum.
The tradition of dyeing eggs has come down to us from ancient times, when the apostle Peter said that he would believe in the fact of the absence of Christ in the tomb only if the eggs in the basket turn red. You can admire the modern miracle of art in the Museum of Painted Eggs. The symbolic entrance here is only 2 euros.
Basilica of St. Francis in Assisi
The Basilica of St. Francis in Assisi is one of the six great basilicas of the Catholic Church and is under the protection of UNESCO. World fame brought the temple unique frescoes 13th century by Giotto.
Scenes from the life of Saint Francis were taken as the basis for the depicted scenes. The architects of the basilica deserve special praise for their planning for the possible penetration of rays of sunlight into the halls of the cathedral. Italian architects shifted the architectural focus - interconnected columns support the ribs of the vaults that cover four rectangular spans.
A magnificent ensemble of Italian variations of the Romanesque style and the best traditions of the French Gothic, popular at that time, revealed to the world a creation that still catches the admiring glances of city guests and parishioners.
Papal Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
The Papal Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi is the cathedral of the Franciscan order in the city of Assisi, where Saint Francis was born and died. The Basilica is one of the significant points of Christian pilgrimage in Italy.
The construction of the basilica began in 1228. It consists of two churches: Lower and Upper. The lowest level of the building is the crypt, where the remains of the saint are interred. The Upper and Lower Churches are decorated with numerous late medieval frescoes by artists of the Roman and Tuscan schools, giving the basilica a unique value in showcasing the Italian art of this period.
The architecture of the temple is also a synthesis of Romanesque and Gothic styles. The lower temple was built entirely in the Romanesque style. It has low semi-circular vaults, greatly expanded by a series of side transepts and a chapel built between 1350 and 1400. The interior of the Upper Temple is a prime example of the emergence of the Gothic style in Italy.
One more hallmark basilica are its unique stained glass windows. It is assumed that they were created by German craftsmen at the end of the 13th century.
Under the lower temple is a crypt. This burial of Saint Francis was found in 1818. His remains were hidden to prevent the spread of his relics in medieval Europe.
Abbey of Saints Severo and Martirio (Abbazia dei Santi Severo e Martirio)
The Abbey of Saints Severus and Martyria is located in a very picturesque area outside Orvieto, 3 kilometers south of the city. According to an ancient legend, the monastery was founded on this site in the 6th century, when the relics of Saint Severus, a monk from Antrodoko, were brought to the city. Soon, next to his tomb, his disciple Saint Martyrios was buried. In 1100, Benedictine monks settled in the monastery, with whom the first stage of the construction of the abbey is associated, when a church and a tower were erected here. In 1220, the monastery was handed over to the French canons, who erected the abbot's palace and the atrium of the church.
The abbey is a closed ensemble consisting of the main church, a large refectory and a chapter hall. Outside, the chapel of the Crucifixion adjoins the walls of the monastery, a rebuilt ancient monastery refectory, with a single nave. On its walls, a 13th-century fresco depicting the Crucifixion with the upcoming saints has been preserved. Adjoining the walls of the abbey is also a twelve-sided tower, completed in 1003 in the style of Longobard romance.
The plan of the church is very simple, it is a single-nave basilica without an apse, covered with a sail vault on intersecting arches. The floor covering, inlaid in the spirit of Kosmati, dates back to the first stage of the construction of the church. Of particular interest are the frescoes of the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries that adorn the walls of the sacristy and the former refectory of the abbey.
At present, part of the monastery buildings is occupied by a hotel and a restaurant, but despite this, most of the buildings of the abbey retain their ancient structure and appearance.
Palazzo Capitano del Popolo building
One of the many architectural landmarks Italian city Orvieto is the Palazzo Capitano del Popolo, built in 1157. The building is characterized by a luxurious arched portico, small stained-glass windows, as well as pointed battlements located along the entire perimeter of the roof, and a bell tower. There are no unnecessary hyperbolic details in the architecture of the building, which makes it quite simple and harmonious. The palace got its name in honor of the famous Captain de Popolo, who lived here in 1651. The Palazzo Capitano del Popolo has 400 rooms, most of which have preserved original interior elements.
During the history of the existence of the building, it housed a university and a theater, in which avant-garde students often performed. At the end of the 1980s, the Palazzo Capitano del Popolo building was closed for restoration. Currently, it houses the most famous conference center in the city. During archaeological research, valuable medieval cisterns were found in the basement of the palace.
The most popular attractions in Umbria with descriptions and photos for every taste. Choose the best places to visit famous places Umbria on our site.
It includes two provinces: Terni (Terni), with the administrative center bearing the same name, and Perugia (Perugia); its administrative center, the city of Perugia, is also the capital of the region.
The Italians themselves call Umbria the "green heart" of the country": there are many olive groves, vineyards, large forests. There is even a waterfall here, which is one of the highest in Europe. Its highest point is located 165 meters above sea level, and the cascade itself (Cascata delle Marmore) is located in the hills near the town of Marmore near the city of Terni. Small mountains and hills - a typical landscape of Umbria; plains occupy only 6% of its area.
general information
The population of Umbria is almost 900 thousand people, and only a little more than 200 thousand live in Terni; the province became part of the region as recently as 1927. There are no large industrial enterprises here; 95% of companies registered in the region are small, their number of employees, as a rule, does not exceed 10 people. But Umbria has the lowest unemployment rate in the country at 5.2%.
The region has a typical continental climate, with cool winters (+2º C in January) and dry warm summers (average temperature in July +22º C). It is colder and rainier in the mountains; for example, in the city of Norcia, which is located at an altitude of more than 60 meters above sea level, the average annual temperature is only 11º C above zero.
Favorable weather influenced the development of agriculture: olives, grapes, cereals and tobacco are grown in Umbria. Tourism and the food industry are also developed in the region, and a large number of small handicraft enterprises operate.
It should be noted that domestic tourism plays a greater role in the region's income than external tourism. Strongly "untwisted" (Toscana), bordering on Umbria, draws the main flow foreign tourists who are willing to pay high enough amounts to spend a week or two there. Therefore, the Italians themselves prefer to relax in Umbria, where prices are much lower, and there are plenty of spectacles.
How to get there
There are no direct flights from Russia to the capital of the region. The passenger airport, located in the suburbs of Sant'Egidio, is served by some European low-cost airlines: Ryanair from London, Wizzair from Bucharest, Albawings and Mistral Air from Tirana. Therefore, the easiest way is to fly to and, and from there move to Perugia by train or bus.
The ideal option is to travel around Umbria on your own.
Trains
To get from Rome to Perugia by train, you will have to make a change in Foligno (Foligno). This is the cheapest option: the cost of a one-way ticket is 11.65 euros, the journey takes at least 2 hours and 40 minutes; You will have 15-20 minutes to transfer. Check the schedule and prices carefully, they vary greatly. There are also several direct flights (the price is the same), but they leave after lunch.
Important: on Sundays this option does not work; you will have to look for others, for example, go through Terontola-Cortona (Terontola-Cortona). The price is one euro higher, and the travel time is longer - from 3 hours 15 minutes. Direct flights are also operated on Sundays.
There is also a direct connection between Perugia and Florence - about 5 trains per day. The ticket price is a little less than 15 euros, the average travel time is 2 hours 10 minutes. The option with a change in Terontola-Cortona will cost the same amount, and the duration of the trip will increase by 10 minutes.
The high-speed train runs for an hour and a half and leaves from Florence (Firenze S.M.Novella station) at 21:42. Ticket prices - from 21 euros. A pleasant surprise: if you plan to travel to Perugia on Saturday or Sunday, the same train can take you to your destination for only 9.9 euros.
About prices, timetables and train tickets.
Buses
Five times a day on weekdays and three times on weekends and holidays From Rome's Fiumicino Airport, via Tiburtina Station, there is a bus that takes you to Perugia. Travel time is from two hours, the fare is 17 euros (sulga.it).
Also from Rome you can get to Perugia by comfortable buses for only 5 euros.
From Florence to Perugia, you can also go by bus 2 times a day for only 5 euros if you buy a ticket in advance.
Gourmets
The gastronomic tastes of the inhabitants of the region deserve special mention. In addition to the already mentioned truffles, which come from here to other regions of Italy and beyond the country, Umbria is famous for its smoked meats and sausages made in the commune of Norcia (Norcia). Some locally produced pork delicacies are protected by geographic designation, meaning they cannot be produced elsewhere.
As for truffles, during the season you can try a wide variety of dishes with the addition of these amazing gifts of nature, for example, traditional Umbrian pasta with black truffles.
In the regional cuisine, there are many dishes from poultry and game: geese, ducks, pigeons, pheasants, hares, etc. One of the specialties of Perugia is (potato dumplings) with goose stew. A traditional dessert is a cake named after St. Constantius, the patron saint of the city (Torcolo de San Costanzo) - in the form of a large bagel, with raisins, anise and pine nuts.
Another great love of the locals is chocolate. At the beginning of the 20th century, the production of sweets was founded in Perugia, the name "Perugina" (Perugina) was chosen as a trademark. Today, in many regions of Italy, it is synonymous with the word "chocolate", and Bacio's products are most popular among Italians.
In the second half of October, the Eurochocolate festival takes place in Perugia. It was first held in 1994 and was conceived as a kind of analogue of the beer Oktoberfest, only designed for those with a sweet tooth.
To match the culinary delights of the region and its wines, the most famous of which are white wines from Orvieto (Orvieto). Winemaking began to develop in Umbria recently, about 30 years ago. Production volumes are still small, but the product is of excellent quality. You should definitely try the local Sagrantino di Montefalco: it is made from the Sagrantino grape variety, which grows only here, in the province of Perugia. This grape has been cultivated since the time of the ancient Romans, and in the Middle Ages, the production of wine from it was the prerogative of the monks. Today it is produced in very limited quantities.
Attractions
In Umbria, there are many architectural monuments that are of great interest to anyone who is interested in the history and culture of Italy. There are many monasteries in the region; Umbria is the birthplace of several monastic orders: the Franciscan, Benedictine, Clarissinian orders.
Perugia
The main attraction of the capital of Umbria, the city of Perugia (Perugia), is the Palace of the Priors (Palazzo dei Priori), erected in the XIII-XIV centuries. It still meets the city council. The facade of the monumental institution is decorated with bronze figures of griffins and a lion - symbols of the city. These are copies; the originals, created in the second half of the 13th century in Venice, are kept here, in the National Gallery (Galleria Nazionale dell Umbria).
Directly in front of the palace is the Great Fountain (Fontana Maggiore) - another symbol of Perugia. It was erected in the XIII century. The fountain consists of two pools - upper and lower, richly decorated with bas-reliefs, columns and statues.
St. Peter's Basilica (Basilica di San Pietro), located two kilometers from main square city, known since 1002.
The sacristy of the church contains frescoes created by Raphael (Raffaello Santi) and Perugino (Pietro Perugino).
A unique monument, the likes of which in Italy can be counted on one hand, is the Church of St. Michael the Archangel (Chiesa di Sant’Angelo). It belongs to the early Christian religious buildings and dates back to the 5th-6th centuries AD.
Assisi
At an altitude of more than 800 m above sea level stands the Basilica of St. Ubald (Basilica di Sant'Ubaldo), the patron saint of the city. The building was built at the beginning of the 16th century on the site of a small church in which the saint was buried.
Below, on the Great Square (Piazza Maggiore), is the Palace of the Consuls (Palazzo dei Consoli), one of the city's most recognizable landmarks.
Gubbio does not have its own train station, so you can only get into the city by car or bus (umbriamobilita.it). The duration of the trip is approximately one hour and ten minutes.
Orvieto
The city of Orvieto is located in the southwest of Umbria, 90 km from Perugia and 70 km from Terni. In ancient times, this settlement was one of the main centers Etruscan civilization; now only a necropolis remains from it. In the bowels of the tuff hill on which the city stands, numerous galleries and passages have been dug; You can get there with an organized tour.
The main attraction of the city is the cathedral (Duomo di Orvieto) in the Gothic style, the construction of which began at the end of the 13th century. Its unique feature is the mosaic frescoes that adorn the outside of the cathedral. Masters worked on their creation for more than 200 years; this technique is uncharacteristic of the Italian architecture of the time, which makes the cathedral in Orvieto exceptional in its kind. It is noteworthy that architects from Russia, including Nikolai Benois, took part in the restoration of the cathedral, which was carried out in the 1840s.
You can get to Orvieto by train from Perugia (an average of 2 hours), and from Terni (a little over an hour); the ticket costs 7.55 euros and 5.4 euros respectively.
Spoleto
Spoleto is located 40 km from Terni., once considered one of the most beautiful colonies. A reminder of those times is a 200-meter aqueduct, as well as an arch built in 23 BC. It is possible to trace its history from numerous churches of the city: there are buildings of the 5th century, and less old ones, built in the 10th-11th centuries. The Cathedral of Spoleto, named after the Ascension of the Virgin (Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta), began to be erected in 1175 on the site of the old one, destroyed by order of Frederick Barbarossa, whose troops twenty years earlier destroyed a large number of buildings in the city. The bell tower was added later, in the 13th century.
Most high building city - Albornoziana fortress (Rocca Albornoziana). It was built in the XIV century, and for some time it served as the residence of the local dukes. Since 1817 it has been used as a prison, and today it houses a museum.
Things to do
Umbria is a region in which there is always something to do if you have completed the traditional program of visiting local attractions.
In February, Terni hosts the Cioccolentino, dedicated to Valentine's Day. born in this city, and "combined" with the chocolate festival - with tastings, master classes, competitions, etc.
In February-March, at the fair taking place in the city of Norcia, you can taste various dishes with truffles, as well as take part in the “silent hunt” for these mushrooms.
In the spring (April-May) in the city of Castiglione del Lago, a festival is held kites"Colored skies" (Colourful Skies).
On the first Thursday, Friday and Saturday of May, Assisi turns into a city of spring - here they celebrate its arrival with the May Calends (Calendimaggio) holiday. Costumed processions, the election of the Madonna of Spring, parades of orchestras and standard bearers take place in the city. And in Gubbio, on May 15, they organize a feast of candles (Festa dei Ceri), dedicated to the patron saint of the city, Saint Ubald. Once upon a time, giant wax candles were really carried around the city, but now they are wooden structures with sculptures of saints; the weight of each can reach 300 kg.
Summer is the time for music festivals, the most famous of which is Umbria Jazz., takes place in July in Perugia.
Autumn is also rich in events. So, in late September-early October, the Giostra dell'Arme military festival takes place in Terni - a historical holiday with costume processions, performances of military bands, horse tournaments, etc. You can also visit a couple of truffle fairs in October-November in Gubbio and late November in Valtopina.
A third of the region is occupied by mountains, the rest is hills and valleys, overgrown with olive trees and vineyards. Castles rise on the hills medieval towns fall down in stone terraces. It is not good, of course, to compare one beauty with another, but still, the Umbria region is very similar to its lovely neighbor - Tuscany. But, the green hills of Tuscany are described by thousands of lines of poets, and Umbria is almost unknown.
Umbria region - photo
Umbria region - Attractions
First of all, the Umbria region is famous for its wines. Well, what can I say, the wines of Umbria are magnificent and some gourmets go to these parts only for their sake.
The main treasure of Umbria is its medieval towns. With their dense development, they, however, begin to merge into one city and over time you can hardly remember the characteristic differences. And they certainly are.
Cities of Umbria:
City of Spello. People come here to see the arch of the time of Emperor Augustus, Roman towers, medieval palaces, churches and ramparts surrounding the city of Spello, which are the best example of Roman ramparts in Italy.
The first settlements here formed the Umbrians. These were the tribes that came to these parts from Central Asia. They lived here while here in the 1st century BC. the Romans did not come running and killed all the Umbrians. After 50 years, between the winners began Civil War between Mark Antony and Octavian. The townspeople of Spello in those distant, harsh times preferred Octavian, and sent their troops to help him. Having become emperor, Octavian thanked the inhabitants of the city of Spello with architectural structures.
Alas, they did not reach us, because a thousand years later the city was sacked by barbarians. Residents were very worried about this at that time. Maybe since then they have retained a craving for beauty in their genes, and therefore in Spello every year they hold competitions for the most flower-decorated corner, balcony, alley, and so on.
City of Orvieto called the city that is between heaven and earth, because it is located on a cliff of pink tuff. It seems to float between heaven and earth. The city of Orvieto is considered the center of the Etruscan civilization, from which, however, only ruins remained.
Cathedral of Orvieto began to build in 1290 and built more than 4 centuries. The cathedral contains masterpieces of the Renaissance, so filming and taking pictures inside the cathedral is strictly prohibited. In the chapel above the altar there is an image of the Madonna dating back to the 13th century. Specialists are delighted with the unconventional spelling of a baby.
Yet, neither the cathedral nor the Etruscan ruins are the main attraction for tourists. The place everyone wants to visit caves. One thousand one hundred caves are privately owned, the whole city is pitted with them. These are entire underground settlements from a labyrinth of caves and tunnels. For many years this "second city" was secret. The constant temperature (both in winter and summer) in the caves is +13°C at 80 percent humidity. Some caves are over 1,700 years old. Scientists are still arguing about their purpose. Some believe that there were Etruscan burials in them, others are sure that royal meetings were held here.
In some caves there were oil presses for the production of olive oil. There is a date on the pressure circle - 1697. The circle was rotated by donkeys and mules who lived here. In another dungeon there was a dovecote - a dovecote from the Middle Ages. Locals, for some reason, are especially proud of this particular cave.
St. Patrician's well- 63 meters deep with a diameter of 13 meters. Along the perimeter of the well there are two stairs - each with 248 steps. And at the same time, the stairs do not intersect with each other: one goes up, and the other goes down, according to the screw principle. This well was used to draw water. The ancient inhabitants used donkeys for this, which raised wineskins full of water to the top. The well was built in 1527.
Almost every house in Orvieto has its own underground cave, in which there is a well 70 meters deep. Today, the law strictly forbids digging wells, otherwise the city will fall into the ground. For violation of the law give 10 years in prison.
City of Bevanya. Only a little over one thousand people live in the historical part of the city. But this thousand managed to preserve, almost in its original form, their medieval quarters. And every year for 10 days at the end of June, the town plunges into a deep, but not at all gloomy, Middle Ages. All residents of the town dress up in medieval costumes and immerse themselves in the life of that time. But these are not self-made antics of bad taste, but competitions - who will be able to recreate the atmosphere of medieval life more accurately and more expressively. For this, craft workshops, silk spinning, bookbinding, workshops for the manufacture of bells, for the production of spices work. There is a dye-house, markets where all kinds of utensils, toys, books, jewelry are sold. And here is the minting of gold coins and jewelry, painting on ceramics. Theatrical performances and gastronomic competitions, archery competitions are held. The jury, or rather the council of elders, which includes noble citizens, determines the most skillful. This is a very fun event, and very ruinous for visitors - the temptation to buy something, but more, is too high.
City of Gubbio. One of the main attractions of the city is Roman amphitheater. The fact that the amphitheater has been preserved from time immemorial brings such joy and pride to the inhabitants of the city of Gubbio, as if this amphitheater was not built by the ancient Romans, but by them ( locals) by hand. Today, the ruins of the amphitheater are used for symphony concerts and theatrical performances.
The story of St. Francis of Assisi is connected with Gubbio. When Saint Francis left his hometown Assisi was winter. Saint Francis was forced to seek refuge, but not a single religious community wanted to shelter him, and only a certain family from the city of Gubbio gave him shelter. That is why one of the first churches of St. Francis of Assisi in Italy was built in the town of Gubbio.
Umbria region - video
1. Umbria is the only region of Italy that has no access to the sea. The value of Umbria is in its stunning nature, peaceful atmosphere and the opportunity to see and experience all the delights of the rural life of Italian towns.
2. Undoubtedly, Umbria is the green pearl of Italy. The whole region is amazing beautiful nature. Untouched mysterious forests, mountain walks and picturesque landscapes - this is what awaits you in Umbria.
3. Almost every Umbrian town has its own unusual holidays and festivals in spring. Therefore, the best time to visit Umbria is spring.
Most of the Umbrian landscape is made up of hills (63%) and mountains (31%), and very little - flat areas (6%). The general landscape is an alternation of valleys, mountain ranges, plateaus and valleys. Different heights above sea level also have an impact on the region's heterogeneous climate: in the valleys and hilly zones the climate is temperate continental with dry and hot summers, in the mountains it is temperate subcontinental, and in especially high zones it is characterized by abundant spring and summer precipitation. The average annual temperature is also not the same in different places and ranges from 11.2°C in Norcia (with its 604 meters above sea level) to 15°C in Terni with the most temperate climate in all of Umbria.
The eastern borders of Umbria are characterized by a series of chains, among the highest mountains are Cucco (Cucco, 1.566 m above sea level), Penna (Penna, 1.432 m), Monte Kosherno (Monte Coscerno, 1.685 m), Monte Patino (Monte Patino, 1.884 m) and Monte Pozzoni (Monte Pozzoni, 1.904 m). In the southeast rises the mountain range of Monti Sibillini (monti Sibillini) with peaks exceeding 2,000 meters, among them - the most high mountain Umbrian Cima Redentore (Cima Redentore) with a height of 2.448 meters. In the southwestern part of the region, Mount Subasio rises to a height of 1,290 meters. Among the southern Umbrian peaks, it is worth noting Monte Brunette (Monte Brunette, 1.429 m), Monte Fionchi (Monte Fionchi, 1.337 m) and Mount Solenne (Solenne, 1.288 m). Western Umbria completely changes its landscape: instead of mountains, valleys and hills dominate here.
Mountains and nature reserve Monti Sibillini. A photonorciavacanze. it
Most big lake Umbria - Trasimeno (Trasimeno) with an area of 128 sq. km and maximum depth 7 m, the fourth largest in Italy. This lake is navigable, here you can take a boat trip and visit its islands: Polvese (Isola Polvese), Small Island (Isola Minore), Big Island(Isola Maggiore). Other lakes: Lago di Piediluco, whose name comes from the settlement of the same name, and Lago di Corbara, located between the cities of Todi and.
The main river flowing through the territory of Umbria is the Tiber, out of 405 km of its entire length, 210 fall on Umbria. The Nera, Chiasho, Topino, Paglia and Nestore flow into the Tiber. Another Umbrian river is Velino, whose waters are so rich in calcium bicarbonate that in the ancient Roman era a natural dam was formed that prevented the flow into the Nera River. In 271 BC. The Roman consul Manius Curius Dentatus ordered a canal to be built on this site, which would provide water with free passage, resulting in the Cascata delle Marmore waterfall, 165 meters high.
Cascata delle Marmore waterfall. A photoit. wikipedia. org
Story
Already in the prehistoric era, the Umbrians and Etruscans lived on the territory of modern Umbria. In 672 B.C. The city of Terni was founded - the capital of one of the two Umbrian provinces. In 295 BC Roman colonization of Umbria began. From this period, numerous architectural objects: theaters and amphitheaters, ruins of defensive walls and temples, bridges and roads, of which the most important is Flaminieva (via Flaminia), connecting and, the construction of which began in 220 BC. politician and military leader Gaius Flaminius.
After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Ostrogoths and Byzantines fought for Umbrian land, and the Lombards settled in the eastern part of the region, creating the Spoletan Duchy, which was independent from 1571 until the middle of the 13th century. The Byzantines left the so-called Byzantine corridor - a narrow strip of land along the Tiber, consisting of hard-to-reach castles and fortresses.
Since the 11th century, many cities in Umbria have received the status of a commune. The most active independent settlements then were Perugia (Perugia), Assisi (Assisi), Spoleto (Spoleto), Terni (Terni), Gubbio (Gubbio) and Città di Castello (Città di Castello). The independent cities were often at war with each other, taking sides in the conflict between the papacy and the empire, respectively taking the side of the Guelphs or the Ghibellines.
In the 14th century, small principalities (signories) formed in Umbria, which gradually became part of the Papal States, a theocratic state, under whose authority the region remained until the end of the 18th century. During the Napoleonic invasion in 1798-99. Umbria was part of the Roman Republic, and after the expulsion of the French usurper, by decision of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, it was returned to the composition. The region joined the United Kingdom of Italy in 1860.
culture
The spread of Christianity in Umbria is marked by the emergence of a huge number of monasteries. Here such religious orders as the Franciscan, Benedictine, women's order of Clarisse were born. Saint Benedict of Norcia (480-547) is considered the founder of monasticism. In the XIII century, two significant figures in the history of Catholicism were born: St. Francis (1182-1226), who is considered the patron saint of Italy, and St. Clara. To the Franciscan and Benedictine monasteries must be added the basilica and the monastery of St. Rita of Cascia.
Umbria is known all over the world for its cultural monuments: this is the Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi (Basilica di San Francesco d "Assisi) with magnificent frescoes by Giotto, Cimabue, Lorenzetti, Simone Martini; Cathedral in Orvieto (Cattedrale di Orvieto), Torri Bridge in Spoleto (Ponte Torri di Spoleto), the Great Fountain in Perugia (Fontana Maggiore di Perugia) and much more.
Basilica of Saint Francis in . A photomagicoalvis.it
Frescoes by Giotto in the Basilica of Saint Francis in Assisi. A photovitadadonna.com
In this region you can see numerous medieval castles, Renaissance palaces, Romanesque and Gothic churches and cathedrals, which were decorated by the most famous masters: Giotto, Vasari, Filippo Lippi, Pietro Della Francesco, Perugino, Penturicchio and others. On the wave of religiosity to Umbria talented artists from all over Italy flocked to work, leaving their immortal masterpieces here.
Renaissance art appeared in Umbria in the first half of the 15th century, not without the participation of some Florentine artists. From the second half of the 15th century, first in Perugia, and then in other places, a new art school appeared, reflecting the Umbrian Renaissance. Thanks to such names as Pietro Perugino, Bernardino Pinturicchio and Rafael Santi (born in Urbino, but as an artist formed in Umbria), the region has become one of the most important cultural centers of the peninsula. In Florence and Rome, Umbrian artists enjoyed resounding success, at the same time spreading a new direction of painting for the 16th century.
Holidays
Umbria is very popular among tourists - both ancient folk and modern musical and theatrical, held in many cities throughout the year.
Among the most famous folklore festivals is the giant candle run (La corsa dei Ceri), which takes place in Gubbio. According to legend, Saint Ubaldo helped the townspeople win a difficult victory in the battle against the Perugine troops. Grateful admirers placed the remains of the martyr in the basilica in 1194 and every year on May 15 they celebrate the day of their patron with a historical race. This competition is interesting because only the strongest men in the city participate in it, running with huge wooden "candles" in their hands. By the way, it is these three “candles” that have been decorating the coat of arms of the Umbria region since 1974.
Candlelight race in Gubbio. A photoit. wikipedia. org
Quintana is an annual horsemanship competition that takes place in July and September in Foligno. This jousting tournament is preceded by a procession in historical costumes. This is the only folk festival in Italy dedicated also to the fashion of the 17th century.
Every year in May-June, the city of Spello hosts the Infiorata - a festival of flowers, when carpets-pictures of multi-colored flower petals are laid out on the streets of the city.
The "Run of the Ring" (Corsa all'Anello) takes place in Narni in late April - early May. Riders in historical costumes compete in the dexterity of hitting a galloping spear into small hanging rings.
Gourmets also have something to see and try in Umbria: every year in February, the Black Truffles Fair Neronorcia (Neronorcia-Mostra) takes place in Norcia; in Terni in February, the Cioccolentino Chocolate Festival is held; the Eurochocolate fair, held in October in Perugia, is dedicated to the same delicacy; in Foligno in September, a feast dedicated to the first courses of Italy (I Primi d'Italia) unfolds; also in September, but in Montefalco, the Sagrantino Wine Festival opens annually.
Chocolate map of Italy at the fairEurochocolate". A phototurismo.it
Music lovers will appreciate the following musical events in Umbria: "Umbria Jazz" with the participation of world celebrities takes place in July in Perugia and other cities in the region; in Spoleto in June-July they organize the international festival of the Two Worlds (Festival dei due Mondi); in many cities on Lake Trasimeno, the "Trasimeno Blues Festival" unfolds in July; in Citta di Castello in July-August the festival of chamber music "Festival delle Nazioni" takes place; and Orvieto hosts the Umbria Folk Festival in August.
Cuisine of Umbria
The basis is dishes using meat and products grown on the ground, such dishes are prepared here both on the occasion of big holidays and in everyday life. Cooking in Umbria is simple, trying not to overcook the products so that their original flavor is preserved, always using grains and legumes. The cuisine of this region has its roots in the ancient civilizations of the Umbrians, the Etruscans (in the area of Perugia and Orvieto) and later the Romans.
Once in Umbria, you should definitely try the pork meat delicacies that are made in Norcia, looking for shopping in a shop to one of the "norcino" - the local butchers are called. Other products for which Umbria is famous are truffles and olive oil.
Meat delicacies Norcia. A photonorcineriafelici.it
The oldest university (Università degli Studi di Perugia) was founded in 1308 by the decree of Pope Clement V. Already in the XIV century it was one of the most prestigious universities in Italy, which taught law, grammar and logic, medicine and surgery, mathematics, languages. Currently, more than 27 thousand students of the State University of Perugia study at 11 faculties (law, political science, economics, philosophy, pedagogy, medicine and surgery, mathematical, physical and natural sciences, pharmaceuticals, agronomy, veterinary medicine, engineering). The University of Perugia has its branches in Assisi, Citta di Castello, Foligno, Spoleto, Orvieto, Terni, Narni.
The University for Foreigners (Università per Stranieri di Perugia), founded in Perugia in 1925, offers studies at the faculty Italian and culture, there are also courses at various levels in the study of the language and Italian culture. 1600 foreign students study at the university.
University for Foreigners in Perugia. A photodinamars. hubpages. com
The region's economy is based on agriculture, industry, handicrafts, tourism and the service sector. Over 230,000 workers work in very small enterprises, since almost 95% of Umbrian enterprises have no more than 10 employees. The unemployment rate of 5.2% is one of the lowest in Italy.
Agriculture employs about 2.7% of the population of Umbria, the main crops are grapes, olives, wheat, tobacco, black truffle (Norcia and Spoleto).
The main areas of industry are metallurgical, metalworking, chemical. These industries, concentrated in the province of Terni, began to develop in the 19th century. The food industry includes about 1200 companies and is the backbone of the entire Umbrian economy. Handicraft production, with its ancient traditions, does not lose popularity even today, contributing to the economy of the region and its cultural and artistic heritage.
Tourism is an important component of the Umbrian economy: annually, attracted by the historical, cultural and religious heritage of the region, about 4 million tourists come here, of which about 0.5 million are from other countries.
Transport
Umbria is riddled with a web highways, which connect it to nearby regions and cities such as Rome and Florence. Rail links connect Rome with Ancona and Terontola. The largest railway stations located in Foligno, Terni and Perugia.
There are two airports in the region: in Perugia, which connects Umbria with many airports in Italy and other countries, and in Foligno, which, however, is not a passenger one, but is intended for the transport of goods and for the needs of civil protection of the population.
Demography
908 thousand people live on the territory of Umbria, the average population density is 107.42 people per square meter. kilometer. Most populated cities: Perugia (169 thousand), Terni (113 thousand), Foligno (58 thousand), Citta di Castello (41 thousand), Spoleto (40 thousand), Gubbio (33 thousand), Assisi (28 thousand), Bastia Umbra (22 thousand), Corciano (21 thousand), Orvieto (21 thousand), Narni (20 thousand).
According to ISTAT data as of January 1, 2011, 99,849 foreigners are legally residing in Umbria. Most of all immigrants are from Romania (22.132 people), Albania (16.418 people), Morocco (9.844).
Tourism
Umbria is full of cities and places that are of great cultural and artistic interest and attract tourists from all over the world to the region. In addition to the capital of the region - and the city of St. Francis -, and are of interest to tourists. Let's take a short tour of them.
Spoleto (Spoleto)
The city of Spoleto, or rather, the settlement on the site of modern Spoleto, was founded by the Umbrians. In 241, the Romans colonized its territory, giving the city the name Spolenium. Unlike some other vassals of the great empire, Spolenium was not burdened by the protectorate of Rome, throughout ancient period the inhabitants of the city remained faithful to their great-power patron, in any wars speaking on the side of Rome, including the Punic ones. Cicero called Spoletium one of the most beautiful and prosperous colonies in central Italy.
The city has gone through many trials. Its inhabitants saw various conquerors and governors - from Attila to Frederick Barbarossa, who in 1155 almost completely destroyed Spoleto. Among the rulers of the city was the famous Lucrezia Borgia (1499). From the 13th century Spoleto was part of the state of the Holy Church, even the Representation of the Holy Pope (Delegazione Pontificia) was located here. The tallest building in the city, the Albornz Tower (Rocca del Albornoz), was built in the 14th century. like a papal fort. It was here that Lucretia Borgia lived and members of the "Red Brigades" languished in custody. To the side is the enchanting Torri Bridge (Ponte delle Torri), spanning the empty space gaping between the castle and the opposite hill. The tower bridge was actually built as an aqueduct in the 13th century.
The 12th century cathedral is the outstanding treasure of Spoleto. The medieval portal is decorated with a rose window. The floor of the cathedral is laid out in the form of patterns of spirals and mysterious lines. The Cathedral houses the works of Pinturicchio and Filippo Lippi. Among connoisseurs of painting, Spoleto is considered the "city of Pinturicchio", since a large number of works of this outstanding master of the Umbrian school have remained here. On the north side of the stairs leading to the Cathedral Square, there is a pearl of 12th-century architecture - the chapel of Sant'Eufemia (Chiesa Sanf Eufemia).
Withbuilding of Spoleto. A photoit. wikipedia. org
Tody (Todi)
To the west of Spoleto, on a high hill, is the city of Todi. Historians claim that a settlement on this site existed as early as the 2nd millennium BC. From time immemorial, the local lands were the border between the possessions of the Etruscan and Umbrian tribes, therefore the name of this settlement comes from the word "tular", which means "border".
One of viewing platforms The city is located on Garibaldi Square (Piazza Garibaldi), offering a magical view of the green hills of Umbria. Main Cathedral The city (Cattedrale) stands on Victor Emanuel II Square (Piazza Vittorio Emanuele), it was built in the XII-XIII centuries, and the interior decoration was completed only by the XVI century. On the same square are the Palace of the Priors (Palazzo dei Priori, XIII century), the Palace of the Captain (Palazzo del Capitano, XIV century) and the Palace of the People (Palazzo del Popolo, XIII century).
Todi. A photop
At some distance from the central part of Todi, there is a temple of Santa Maria della Conzolazione, somewhat unusual for these places (Tempio di Santa Maria della Conzolazione, XVI century). It is interesting in that for a long time the copyright for its creation was attributed to the architect Donato Bramante, but now researchers are increasingly inclined to believe that it was designed by Cola di Capsorala.
Castiglione- del- lago(Castiglione del Lago)
On the west bank Lake Trasimene stands the town of Castiglione del Lago, which translates as "Castle of the Lake". Once there were four islands on the lake, now only three are left, and the last one has turned into a coastal cape. It is on this cape that the town of Castiglione is located. It must be said that the city fully justifies the name "Castle", since its main buildings are the Lion's Fortress (Rocca del Leone, 1247) and the Palazzo Ducale (Palazzo Ducale, XIV century), connected by a long passage. The castle, designed by the master Elia Coppi, is a pentagon in plan, decorated with powerful bastions. They say that this fortification I was very interested in Leonardo da Vinci.
View of Castiglione del Lago. A photoborghitalia.it
Every two years, in the spring, Castiglione del Lago hosts an international gathering of hang gliders called "Color the Sky".
Orvieto
In the southwestern part of Umbria is a charming city (Orvieto), spread out on a tuff hill. This hill is very precarious, and scientists believe that the city exists on the verge of sudden extinction. The inhabitants of Orvieto itself do not really share the fears of geologists, they simply live by turning the slopes of a treacherous hill into a solid vineyard. By the way, white wine made from local grapes has a special taste and is famous far beyond the borders of Umbria.
Panorama of Orvieto. A photosteephill.tv
The Cathedral (Cattedrale) in Orvieto is an outstanding piece of architecture worthy of a book world history arts. The construction of this church building, dedicated to Saint Mary and Saint Costanzo, began in 1290 and was completed only in the 17th century. This is a three-aisled building, the basis of which was built in the Romanesque style, but the main artistic merit of the Cathedral is its magnificent Gothic facade, decorated with golden mosaic panels.
The museum, which stores relics, one way or another connected with the Cathedral, is located on the second floor of the Soliano Palace (Palazzo Soliano). Soliano Palace is interesting in itself, it was built in the XIII century, the building is better known as the palace of Boniface VIII (Palazzo di Bonifacio VIII).
The Archaeological Museum occupies two buildings at once. The first part of the exposition, dedicated to the Greek period of the history of these places, is based in the Faina Palace (Palazzo Faina), which is located directly opposite the Cathedral. Another museum department, which presents exhibits related to the culture of the Etruscans, can be viewed in the Papal Palace (Palazzo dei Popi). The palace was built in the 13th century. and rebuilt in the 1960s.
Among the many religious buildings of the city, one can single out the church dedicated to St. Andrew (Chiesa di Sant "Andrea). This building (VI-XIV centuries) witnessed many important events in the history of Orvieto. The strict bell tower, built of brick in the Romanesque style, attracts attention. Among the many works collected inside the church, the works of Arnolfo di Cambio are of particular interest.
Gubbio (Gubbio)
On the opposite, northeastern outskirts of Umbria is the city of Gubbio. Situated on the slopes of Mount Ingino (Monte Ingino), this locality For a long time it was considered inaccessible, therefore it was nicknamed "the abode of silence". Now it is not difficult to get to it, but even despite the fact that streams of tourists rushed to Gubbio, the city has not lost its primitive originality.
It is best to start a walking tour from the upper part of the city (you can go up there by funicular), gradually descending to the base of the hill. So you can save energy and better appreciate the stunning panoramas that open at different points on the route.
Gubbio Center. Photo agriturismocaiferri. it
One of the most characteristic buildings of Gubbio is the Consular Palace (Palazzo dei Consoli), or the Podestà Palace (Palazzo del Podestà). This is an ensemble of two buildings on a hilltop, oriented towards the Great Square (Piazza Grande) - the artistic center of Gubbio. Both palaces were built in the 14th century. designed by the architect Matteo di Giovanello, better known as Gattapon. Currently, there is an art gallery and a local archaeological museum.
The most significant objects for sightseeing in the city are the Ducal Palace (Palazzo Ducale), Cathedral(Cattedrale), the Basilica of St. Ubaldo (Basilica di Sant "Ubaldo), the house of St. Ubaldo (Casa di Sant" Ubaldo), the Victorian Church (Chiesa Vittoriana), the Church of St. Francis (Chiesa di San Francesco), etc.
Celebrities of Umbria
Pietro di Cristoforo Vannucci, better known as Perugino (1445-1523), was born in the Umbrian town of Città della Pieve. His contemporary was another famous Umbrian artist, originally from Perugia - Bernardino di Betto, called Pinturicchio (1454-1513). Of contemporary artists, it is worth noting Alberto Burri (1915-1995) from Citta di Castello.
Italian entrepreneur Luisa Spagnoli (1877-1935), born in Perugia, is known for inventing the famous Bacio Perugina chocolates. The well-known journalist Walter Tobagi (1947-1980) was born in Spoleto, the television director Lino Procacci (1924-2012) was born in Preci, the writer Barbara Alberti was born in Umbertide. Former football players Stefano Tacconi and Fabrizio Ravanelli were born in Perugia, while their sports colleague Giancarlo Antonioni was born in Marsciano. And the town of Civitella del Lago is the small home of Gianfranco Wissani - a cook, restaurateur, deli and TV presenter.
