And there are many such: warnings and so on and so forth.

For all countries ": - The best option for a vacation is to go with a child for at least a month. The first 10 days are spent on acclimatization, and the remaining 20 are actually on vacation. If you can’t get out on such long term, you need to choose a country for recreation, the climate of which will not be very different from the one your child is used to. :-)

Wash your hands before eating, do not drink tap water - these are banal, but vital rules for people going on vacation, especially to hot places. In countries such as Egypt, Turkey, it is not recommended to brush your teeth and wash fruits with tap water - it is better to use bottled water for these purposes.

End of summer. The sea is warm, vacationers - thousands, bacteria - hundreds of thousands. In August, even a large amount of salt in the water cannot cope with them. Heated and pools. Parents are often to blame for the fact that the water in them becomes dirty. "Parents take sea ​​water into the children's pool, put it in the sun so that it warms up - and here comes the reproduction of bacteria and viruses, ”explained Elena Makarova, head of the infectious diseases department.

Add unwashed hands after the beach, food spoiled by the heat, close communication - and you will get severe poisoning. Whole families get sick on vacation. Children suffer the most. Infectionists say that babies are often brought to the hospital directly from the plane. The branches are full in August.

“The first symptoms of rotavirus are vomiting, which most often becomes indomitable, and parents cannot stop it,” she said. Elena Makarova. - How less baby, the faster dehydration, hypovolemic shock and death may occur.

In the last year alone, the whole world has been ill with rotavirus 137 million children, 592 thousand of them died. In case of severe poisoning, the first step is to replenish the loss of fluid. Doctors advise to drink the child with glucose? saline solutions. You can buy them at a pharmacy. You need to give the medicine strictly by the clock - a teaspoon every five minutes. In case of severe dehydration - only hospitalization.

The excuse "for all countries" amused ....

Turkey, Egypt and the Krasnodar Territory, these are not all countries.
These are stupid excuses about the lack of sanitary conditions in underdeveloped countries, in which no one cares about E. coli.

I say again, in Greece, in Croatia, in France, in Italy there are no such problems..... why do you think...?
there are no less people resting and the weather there is also hot.

Have you ever heard that, for example, Cote d'Azur, or in Crete, all the infectious diseases departments in the hospital are overflowing ....?

31.08.2016 11:03

The closure of Turkey and Egypt led to an increase in the flow Russian tourists on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Wastewater treatment plants can not cope with the load. As a result, an outbreak of intestinal infection in Krasnodar Territory. Tourists complain that the sea is polluted with sewage and algae, and talk about overcrowded hospitals. Local authorities do not recognize the problem: official comments say that there are no mass cases of diseases.

In the meantime, a collection of signatures began on the Internet for a petition in which the Russians ask President Vladimir Putin to save the Russian resort from an environmental disaster.

In the public domain, you can find hundreds of similar messages about how tourists, after swimming in the sea, suffered from diarrhea and vomiting, waited for an ambulance for hours, and spent most of their vacation in the hospital. Basically, parents of preschool children complained about the spoiled vacation.

Perhaps the most replicated in social networks is the post of Angela Alekseenko from Petrozavodsk. She is indignant that for the sake of profit, the authorities, doctors and the media are hushing up information about the epidemic on the Black Sea coast. She was vacationing in Sochi with her two-year-old son. After a trip to the sea, he had a fever, diarrhea and vomiting began. The baby, together with his mother, was taken by ambulance to the emergency room of the infectious diseases hospital, where they had to wait three hours to see a doctor in the company of other vacationers with similar problems.

“A bunch of parents, all the kids are in their arms, they are constantly vomiting, they are exhausted and cannot stand on their feet. Poor doctors, who do not have time to do anything, try to be kind, understanding. But tired as hell. And today is the fourth day in the hospital, periodically I roar, in complete shock, why is everyone silent, ”writes Angela Alekseenko.

According to Alekseenko, 60 children are admitted to the hospital every day with one diagnosis - an intestinal infection.

“It turns out that you can’t go out to the sea, it’s dirty, children get poisoned, their small, fragile body fails! And everyone is silent! Hospitals are overcrowded, people are lying in the corridors, I see this nightmare myself. Dirty, stuffy, there is no refrigerator or microwave in the whole hospital, ”the woman is indignant. The ambulance doctors told her that this situation had been happening since the beginning of summer. “Why are you silent? “Then you won’t come to us,” they answer. This is fine? All summer such nonsense, poor children are poisoned, someone vomits blood, and everyone sneezes, because money!” Alekseenko is outraged. Her post was reprinted by the media and bloggers, but later, for unknown reasons, it was removed from Facebook. Znak.com tried to contact Angela Alekseenko through the social network, but at the time of preparation of the material, she did not respond to a personal message.

Tourists faced similar problems throughout the summer and in other resort towns Krasnodar Territory. As Denis Stepanchenko, a Sverdlovsk resident, who was vacationing with his family in the village of Vityazevo near Anapa, told Znak.com, the family spent 10 out of 14 days of vacation in the room due to an intestinal infection that struck the children.

Locals believe that the main cause of diseases is dirty sea water, in which, at the end of summer, due to the heat, algae bloom and bacteria multiply. In addition, the old-timers point to the lack of a centralized sewage system.

More than 3.3 million tourists rested in Sochi from January to July 2016, according to an official statement on the website of the municipality. The beaches are 100% loaded. At the same time, the administration's health department refused to tell Znak.com over the phone how many people were hospitalized with intestinal infections this season. Znak.com sent an official request to the press service of the city administration, but there is no answer yet.

Official reports from the Sochi administration say that the water in the sea meets all the necessary standards. According to the press service of the city hall, citing specialists from Rospotrebnadzor, this summer the water even became cleaner by about 10% compared to 2015.

Environmentalists point to a problem with sewerage in the Krasnodar Territory. “Many times I have been on business trips to Sochi and its suburbs and with my own eyes I have seen sewage flowing into the sea. This situation is typical for Russia and for the settlements of Sochi. Sewerage and faecal water flow into the sea. Effluent ends up in local rivers that empty into the sea. Often people swim on the beaches where the runoff comes out, ”says Vitaly Bezrukov, head of the My Planet charity environmental foundation.

According to him, the sanitary situation in the resort is also deteriorating due to the construction of mini-hotels in a place where there used to be only small private houses. “For example, there used to be a one-story house in which, say, four people lived, there was relatively little waste. Then a five-story mini-hotel was built on this site. Accordingly, the volume of sewage flows increases significantly, and they both merge into the sea and merge, ”explains the ecologist. In addition, according to him, with these effluents, household chemicals (phosphorus-containing washing powders, detergents, etc.) enter the sea, which gives rise to the bloom of blue-green algae, which in turn contributes to the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

coli- diseases, transmission routes, symptoms of intestinal infections and diseases of the genitourinary tract (in a woman, in a man, in a child), methods of treatment. Detection of the bacterium in a urine sample and in a vaginal swab

Thanks

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

coli called in Latin Escherichia coli (E. coli) and is a kind bacteria, which includes pathogenic and non-pathogenic varieties. Pathogenic varieties of Escherichia coli cause infectious and inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract, urinary and reproductive systems in men and women. And non-pathogenic varieties of bacteria live in the human intestine as representatives of the normal microflora.

Brief description and varieties of Escherichia coli

Bacteria of the type of Escherichia coli are heterogeneous, since they include about 100 varieties, most of which are non-pathogenic and constitute the normal intestinal microflora of humans and some mammals. Pathogenic varieties (strains) cause infectious and inflammatory diseases of the organs into which they enter. And since most often pathogenic E. coli enter the gastrointestinal tract and the genitourinary system, as a rule, they cause inflammatory diseases of these organs. However, when newborns or parturient women are infected, pathogenic E. coli can enter the bloodstream and enter the brain with its current, causing meningitis or sepsis (blood poisoning).

All varieties of Escherichia coli are resistant to environmental factors, and therefore can remain viable for a long time in water, soil and fecal matter. At the same time, Escherichia coli die when boiled and exposed to formalin, bleach, phenol, sublimate, sodium hydroxide and 1% carbolic acid solution.

Bacteria multiply quickly and well in food, especially in milk, and therefore eating contaminated and contaminated with E. coli dishes causes infection with the subsequent development of an infectious and inflammatory disease.

Non-pathogenic varieties of Escherichia coli (Escherichia coli) are part of the normal human intestinal microflora. They appear in the human intestine in the first days after birth in the process of its settlement with normal microflora, and persist throughout life. Normally, the content of the human large intestine should contain 10 6 -10 8 CFU / g of E. coli, and in feces - 10 7 -10 8 CFU / g of typical E. coli and no more than 10 5 CFU / g of its lactose-negative varieties. In addition, hemolytic Escherichia coli should be absent in the normal contents of the colon and feces. If the content of bacteria is higher or lower than the specified norms, then this indicates dysbacteriosis.

Although the proportion of E. coli among all other representatives of the microflora is only 1%, the role of these bacteria is very important for the normal functioning of the digestive tract. Firstly, Escherichia coli, colonizing the intestines, compete with other pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, preventing them from settling in the lumen of the colon, thereby preventing various infectious and inflammatory intestinal diseases.

Secondly, E. coli utilize oxygen, which is detrimental and harmful to lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, which make up the rest, most of the intestinal microflora. That is, thanks to E. coli, the survival of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria is ensured, which, in turn, are vital for the functioning of the intestines and digestion of food. After all, if there are no lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, the food will not be completely digested, it will begin to rot and ferment in the intestinal lumen, which will lead to serious illness, exhaustion and, ultimately, death.

Thirdly, E. coli as a result of their vital activity produce substances vital for the body, such as B vitamins (B 1, B 2, B 3, B 5, B 6, B 9, B 12), vitamin K and biotin , as well as acetic, formic, lactic and succinic acid. The production of vitamins allows you to provide most of the daily needs of the body for them, as a result of which all cells and organs work normally and as efficiently as possible. Acetic, formic, lactic and succinic acids, on the one hand, provide the acidity of the environment necessary for the life of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and on the other hand, they are utilized in metabolic processes. In addition, Escherichia coli are involved in the metabolism of cholesterol, bilirubin, choline, bile acids and promote the absorption of iron and calcium.

Unfortunately, among the varieties of Escherichia coli, there are also pathogenic ones, which, when they enter the intestines, cause infectious and inflammatory diseases.

E. coli under a microscope - video

Pathogenic varieties of bacteria

Currently, there are four main groups of pathogenic Escherichia coli:

• Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPKP or ETEC);
• Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC);
• Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC or EIEC);
• Enterohemorrhagic (hemolytic) Escherichia coli (EHEC or EHEC).

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli most often cause infectious and inflammatory diseases of the small intestine in infants under one year old, as well as "travelers' diarrhea" in adults and children over one year old.

"Traveler's diarrhea" is manifested by watery liquid stools and most often develops in people who find themselves in the warm season in developing countries where there are no normal sanitary standards for storing and preparing food. This intestinal infection after a few days it goes away on its own and does not require treatment, since the human body's immune system successfully destroys pathogenic E. coli.

Enterohemorrhagic (hemolytic, hemolyzing) Escherichia coli causes hemorrhagic colitis in children and adults or hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Both diseases require treatment.

E. coli: features of the genome, causes of outbreaks of intestinal diseases, how bacteria acquire pathogenic properties - video

What diseases are caused by E. coli?

The totality of infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by Escherichia coli in various organs and systems is called escherichiosis or coli infections(from the Latin name of the bacterium - Escherichia coli). Escherichiosis has a different course and localization, depending on which organ the Escherichia coli has entered.

Pathogenic varieties of Escherichia coli, when released into the gastrointestinal tract, cause intestinal infections and hemolytic uremic syndrome in children and adults. Intestinal infections can occur as hemorrhagic colitis, enteritis, food poisoning, or traveler's diarrhea.

Wherein enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) cause mainly enterocolitis (intestinal infections) in children of the first year of life, and the infection, as a rule, occurs in the form of an outbreak in preschool institutions, maternity hospitals and hospitals. Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli are transmitted to children by household contact through the hands of women who have given birth and medical personnel, as well as with non-sterile instruments (spatulas, thermometers, etc.). Also, enteropathogenic varieties of Escherichia coli can cause food poisoning in children of the first year of life who are bottle-fed if they get into milk formulas prepared with non-compliance with sanitary standards and hygiene rules.

Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) cause intestinal infections in children older than a year and adults, which proceed according to the type of dysentery. Transmission of infection usually occurs through contaminated water and food. Most often, such dysentery-like infections occur in the warm season, when the frequency of consumption or accidental ingestion of dirty unboiled water and food prepared and stored in violation of sanitary standards increases.

Cause intestinal infections in children older than 2 years and adults, proceeding like cholera. As a rule, these infections are widespread in countries with a hot climate and poor sanitary conditions for the population. In the countries of the former USSR, such infections are usually imported, they are "brought" by people returning from vacation or business trips to hot areas. Usually, infection with these intestinal infections occurs through the use of contaminated water and food.

Enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in severe intestinal infections caused by them can lead to the development of complications such as otitis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis and sepsis. As a rule, such complications occur in children of the first year of life or in the elderly, whose immune system does not effectively destroy pathogenic microbes.

Enterohemorrhagic (hemolytic) Escherichia coli cause severe intestinal infections in children older than a year and adults, which proceed according to the type of hemorrhagic colitis. In severe hemorrhagic colitis, a complication may develop - hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), which is characterized by a triad - hemolytic anemia, renal failure and a critical decrease in the number of platelets in the blood. HUS usually develops 7 to 10 days after an intestinal infection.

In addition, hemolytic Escherichia coli can lead to the development of neuritis and kidney disease in children and adults if it enters the urinary tract or bloodstream. Infection occurs through water and food.

In addition to intestinal infections, E. coli can cause diseases of the urinary and reproductive systems in men and women, provided that they get to the appropriate authorities. Moreover, diseases of the genitourinary system in men and women can cause not only pathogenic, but also non-pathogenic varieties of Escherichia coli. As a rule, the entry of E. coli into the genital and urinary organs occurs when personal hygiene is not observed, wearing tight underwear or anal intercourse.

When E. coli enters the urinary tract of both men and women, inflammatory diseases of the urethra, bladder and kidneys develop, such as urethritis, cystitis and pyelonephritis.

The entry of E. coli into the urethra of a man leads to the development of inflammatory diseases not only of the urinary organs, but also of the reproductive system, since microbes can rise along the urethra both to the kidneys, and to the testicles and prostate gland. Accordingly, infection of the male urethra with Escherichia coli in the future can lead to chronic prostatitis, orchitis (inflammation of the testicles) and epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis).

The entry of E. coli into the vagina of women is the cause of inflammatory diseases of the internal genital organs. And, first of all, E. coli causes colpitis or vulvovaginitis. In the future, if E. coli is not destroyed and removed from the vagina, the bacteria can rise into the uterus, from where it can travel through the fallopian tubes to the ovaries. In the event that E. coli enter the uterus, the woman will develop endometritis, if in the ovaries - adnexitis. If, from the fallopian tubes, E. coli enter the abdominal cavity in large quantities, this can lead to the development of peritonitis.

Diseases of the urinary and genital organs caused by E. coli can last for years and are difficult to treat.

Ways of transmission of infection

E. coli is transmitted mainly by the oral-fecal or, less commonly, contact-household route. With the oral-fecal route transmission, E. coli with feces enters the water or soil, as well as on agricultural plants. Further infection can occur in various ways, for example, by ingestion dirty water bacteria enter the body and lead to the development of intestinal infections. In other cases, a person comes into contact with contaminated plants or soil with their hands, and transfers E. coli to food or directly into the body if they eat or lick their own hands without first washing them.

Contact household way the spread of Escherichia coli is less common and is of the greatest importance for the development of outbreaks of escherichiosis in communities, for example, in hospitals, maternity hospitals, kindergartens, schools, families, etc. With the contact-household route, Escherichia coli can be transmitted from mother to newborn child when the latter passes through the birth canal contaminated with bacteria. In addition, bacteria can be transferred to various items(for example, dishes, spatulas, etc.) with unwashed hands, the use of which entails infection of children and adults.

coli in women

When pathological varieties of Escherichia coli enter the digestive tract of women, they develop intestinal infections, which, as a rule, have a benign course and pass on their own within 2 to 10 days. These intestinal infections are the most common diseases caused by E. coli in women. However, intestinal infections, as a rule, do not give complications and do not cause long-term chronic diseases, so their importance for women is not too great.

Important for women are urinary tract infections, also caused by Escherichia coli, because they are long, painful and difficult to treat. That is, in addition to intestinal infections, pathological and non-pathological E. coli can cause severe, long-term chronic diseases of the urinary and genital organs in women, as well as blood poisoning or meningitis, provided that they enter the urethra, vagina or bloodstream. E. coli can penetrate into the urogenital organs from feces, in which they are normally contained in a fairly large amount.

E. coli can enter the urethra and vagina in the following ways:

• Non-observance of hygiene (a woman does not wash herself regularly, the remains of feces after bowel movements accumulate on the skin of the perineum, anus and genitals, etc.);
• Wearing too tight underwear (in this case, the skin of the perineum sweats and particles of feces remaining on the skin of the anus after defecation move to the entrance to the vagina, eventually getting into it);
• Incorrect washing technique (a woman first washes the anus area, and then with the same dirty hand washes the external genitalia);
• A specific technique of sexual intercourse, in which penetration occurs first into the rectum, and then into the vagina (in this case, particles of feces with E. coli remain on the penis or sexual toys after penetration into the rectum, which are brought into the vagina);
• Ordinary vaginal intercourse with ejaculation in the vagina with a man suffering from chronic prostatitis, orchitis or epididymitis caused by E. coli (in this case, E. coli, carried by her sexual partner, enters the woman's vagina with sperm).

After penetration into the vagina and urethra, E. coli provoke acute colpitis and urethritis, respectively. If these infectious and inflammatory diseases are not cured, then E. coli will remain in the genital tract or urethra, since the bacterium is able to attach to the mucous membrane, and therefore is not washed out by the urine stream or vaginal secretions. And remaining in the urethra or vagina, E. coli can rise to the overlying organs of the urinary and reproductive systems - the bladder, kidneys, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and cause inflammatory diseases in them (cystitis, pyelonephritis, endometritis, salpingitis, adnexitis). According to statistics, approximately 80% of all cystitis in women is provoked by E. coli, and the cause of almost all cases of pyelonephritis or bacteriuria (bacteria in the urine) in pregnant women is also E. coli.

Inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary organs in women, provoked by E. coli, are long-term, prone to chronicity and difficult to treat. Often a subacute inflammatory process occurs in the body, in which there are no clear and noticeable symptoms, as a result of which the woman considers herself healthy, although in fact she is a carrier of a chronic infection. With such a subacute, erased course of infection, any slightest hypothermia of the body, stress, or other sharp effect leading to a decrease in immunity will become an impetus for the transition of inflammation into an active and noticeable form. It is the carriage of Escherichia coli that explains chronic recurrent cystitis, pyelonephritis, colpitis and endometritis, which worsen in women with the slightest cold and do not go away for many years, despite ongoing therapy.

coli in men

In men, as in women, E. coli can cause intestinal infections and inflammatory diseases of the genital organs. At the same time, intestinal infections are caused only by pathogenic varieties of bacteria, proceed relatively favorably and, as a rule, disappear on their own within 3 to 10 days. In principle, intestinal infections caused by Escherichia coli, each man suffers several times during his life, and these diseases are not of great importance, they are not dangerous and do not leave consequences.

But inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract caused by Escherichia coli play a much greater role in a man's life, as they negatively affect the quality of life and are the cause of a progressive deterioration in sexual and urinary function. Unfortunately, these diseases are almost always chronic, sluggish and very difficult to treat.

Inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary organs in men are caused by Escherichia coli if it manages to penetrate the urethra (urethra) of the man's penis. As a rule, this occurs during anal sex without a condom or vaginal intercourse with a woman whose vagina is contaminated with E. coli.

After penetrating the urethra, E. coli provokes acute urethritis, which, without treatment, subsides within a few days, but this does not happen because there is a self-healing, but because the infection becomes chronic and the severity of symptoms simply decreases. That is, if acute urethritis, provoked by E. coli in a man, is not cured, then the infection will become chronic, and the bacterium will not just remain in the urethra, but will enter other organs of the reproductive and urinary systems.

It must be understood that E. coli cannot be removed from the urethra without treatment with regular urination alone, since the bacterium is able to adhere tightly to the mucous membrane and not be washed away by the stream of urine. Over time, E. coli from the urethra rise to the overlying organs of the man, such as the bladder, kidneys, prostate gland, testicles and epididymis, and cause a chronic inflammatory process in them.

In men, E. coli from the urethra more often penetrates into the genitals, and not into the urinary tract. As a result, they are much less likely than women to suffer from cystitis and pyelonephritis, provoked by E. coli. But men very often suffer from chronic, long-term and difficult to treat prostatitis, orchitis and epididymitis, which are also due to the fact that E. coli has penetrated into these organs from the urethra and periodically causes exacerbations. Suffice it to say that at least 2/3 of chronic prostatitis in men over 35 years old are caused by Escherichia coli.

In the presence of E. coli in the genitals of a man, just like in women, it will be activated after the slightest episode of hypothermia or stress, causing an exacerbation of prostatitis, orchitis or epididymitis. Such inflammatory diseases are difficult to treat, and a man is their constant carrier, experiencing episodic painful exacerbations that stubbornly do not go away, despite ongoing therapy.

A man who has become a carrier of chronic coli infection of the genital organs is also a source of infection and the cause of frequent cystitis, pyelonephritis and colpitis in his sexual partners. The fact is that in chronic prostatitis, provoked by E. coli, the latter always enters the semen along with other components produced by the prostate gland. And as a result of the ejaculation of such infected sperm in the woman's vagina, E. coli is introduced into her genital tract. Further, E. coli enter the urethra or remain in the vagina and cause, respectively, cystitis or colpitis. Moreover, episodes of cystitis or colpitis appear after almost every sexual intercourse with a male partner, whose sperm is seeded with E. coli.

The statistics of the past 30 - 40 years indicates that 90 - 95% of all defloration cystitis that occurs after the first sexual intercourse in a girl's life are caused by Escherichia coli. This means that a virgin girl, having first sexual intercourse, becomes infected with E. coli from the sperm of the man who is her carrier, as a result of which she develops cystitis, since the bladder is the organ where the bacteria enter most easily.

E. coli during pregnancy

In pregnant women, E. coli is often detected in a vaginal smear and in the urine. Moreover, many women say that before pregnancy, the bacterium was never found in the analyzes. This does not mean that the woman became infected during pregnancy. On the contrary, the detection of Escherichia coli indicates that a woman has long been a carrier of Escherichia coli, just during pregnancy her immune system can no longer suppress the activity of this microbe, as a result of which it multiplied so much that it could be detected in the tests.

The appearance of a bacterium does not mean that a woman is necessarily sick, but indicates that her genital tract or urinary system is seeded with Escherichia coli that can provoke an inflammatory process at any time. Therefore, even in the absence of symptoms of the disease, gynecologists leading the pregnancy prescribe antibiotics to destroy the bacteria. After all, if E. coli remains in the urine, then sooner or later this will lead to the appearance of pyelonephritis or cystitis in a pregnant woman. If E. coli remains in the vagina, then this can lead to colpitis, which, as you know, can provoke premature rupture of amniotic fluid. In addition, the presence of E. coli in the vagina before childbirth is a danger to the fetus, since the child can become infected with the microbe during passage through the mother's birth canal. And such infection of an infant can lead to the development of serious diseases, such as sepsis, meningitis, otitis or intestinal infection, which are deadly for a newborn.

Thus, it is obvious that the detection of E. coli in a vaginal smear or in the urine of a pregnant woman requires mandatory treatment, even if there are no symptoms of an inflammatory process in the kidneys, bladder, urethra or vagina. During pregnancy, the following antibiotics can be used to destroy E. coli:

• Amoxiclav - can be used throughout pregnancy;
• Cefotaxime - can be used only from the 27th week of pregnancy until childbirth;
• Cefepime - can be used only from the 13th week of pregnancy until childbirth;
• Ceftriaxone - can only be used from the 13th week of pregnancy until childbirth;
• Furagin - can be used until the 38th week of pregnancy, and from 38 to childbirth - it is impossible;
• All antibiotics of the penicillin group.

Antibiotics are taken for 3 to 10 days, after which a urine test is taken. 1 - 2 months after the end of treatment, a bacterial culture of urine is given, and if it is negative, then the therapy is considered completed, since Escherichia coli is not detected. But if E. coli is detected in the bacterial culture of urine, then the treatment is carried out again, changing the antibiotic.

E. coli in the baby

In infants in the feces, when analyzing for dysbacteriosis or coprogram (coprology), two types of Escherichia coli are often found - hemolytic and lactose-negative. In principle, hemolytic Escherichia coli in the feces of either an infant or an adult should not be present, since it is a purely pathogenic microbe and causes intestinal infections that proceed like hemorrhagic colitis.

However, if a hemolytic Escherichia coli is detected in a baby, one should not rush to start antibiotic treatment. To understand whether it is necessary to treat the baby, you should objectively assess his condition. So, if the child normally gains weight, develops, eats well and does not suffer from yellow watery stools that literally come out of the child’s anus in a jet, then the baby does not need to be treated, since therapy is necessary only if there are symptoms, and not numbers in the analyzes. If the child loses or does not gain weight, suffers from watery, yellow, fetid stools, escaping with a jet, then this indicates an intestinal infection, and in this case, the E. coli found in the analyzes should be treated.

Lactose-negative Escherichia coli may well be present in infant feces, since it is a component of normal microflora, and normally can be up to 5% of the total number of all Escherichia coli present in the intestine. Therefore, the detection of lactose-negative Escherichia coli in the feces of a baby is not dangerous, even if its amount exceeds the norms indicated by the laboratory, provided that the child is gaining weight and developing normally. Accordingly, it is not necessary to treat lactose-negative E. coli found in the analyzes of the baby if it grows and develops. If the baby is not gaining or losing weight, then it is necessary to treat lactose-negative E. coli.

Symptoms of infection

E. coli can cause various intestinal infections and diseases of the genitourinary tract. Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary organs develop, as a rule, in adult men and women, and their symptoms are quite typical, the same as when infected with other pathogenic microbes. Clinical manifestations of cystitis, urethritis, vaginitis, adnexitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, orchitis and epididymitis caused by Escherichia coli are quite standard, so we will describe them briefly.

And intestinal infections caused by pathogenic varieties of Escherichia coli can proceed in different ways, so we will describe their symptoms in detail. Moreover, in this section we will describe the symptoms that occur in adults and children over three years old, since it is from this age that intestinal infections in babies proceed in the same way as in adults. Separately, in the following sections, we will describe the symptoms of intestinal infections caused by pathogenic varieties of Escherichia coli in children under 3 years of age, since they do not proceed in the same way as in adults.

So, colpitis, provoked by Escherichia coli, proceeds quite typically - a woman has abundant foul-smelling vaginal discharge, pain during intercourse and an unpleasant sensation during urination.

Cystitis both men and women also have a typical course - pain and cramps appear when trying to urinate and there are frequent urge to urinate. When going to the toilet, a small amount of urine is excreted, sometimes with blood impurities.

Pyelonephritis more often occurs in women, and proceeds with pain in the kidneys and discomfort during urination.

Urethritis both men and women also have a typical course - itching appears in the urethra, the skin around it turns red, and during urination, sharp pain and burning are felt.

Prostatitis in men it is characterized by pain in the prostate, difficulty urinating and deterioration of sexual function.

Intestinal infections caused by various types of pathogenic Escherichia coli occur with different symptoms, so we will consider them separately.

So, intestinal infections caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, in adults and children older than 3 years, they proceed according to the type of salmonellosis. That is, the disease begins acutely, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain appear, body temperature rises moderately or slightly. The chair becomes liquid, watery and plentiful, and the patient goes to the toilet 2-6 times a day. During bowel movements, stools literally splatter. The infection lasts an average of 3 to 6 days, after which recovery occurs.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli cause intestinal infections called "traveler's diarrhea", and proceeding according to the type of salmonellosis or a mild form of cholera. A person first shows signs of intoxication (fever, headache, general weakness and lethargy), moderately expressed, and they are joined for a short period of time by abdominal pain in the stomach and navel, nausea, vomiting and copious loose stools. The stools are watery, free of blood and mucus, profuse, streaming out of the intestines. If the infection occurred in countries with a tropical climate, then a person may have fever, chills, muscle and joint pain. An intestinal infection lasts on average 1 to 5 days, after which recovery occurs.

Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli provoke intestinal infections, along the course similar to dysentery. A person's body temperature moderately rises, headache and weakness appear, appetite disappears, severe pain develops in the left lower abdomen, which are accompanied by copious watery stools mixed with blood. Unlike dysentery, the stools are copious, not scanty, with mucus and blood. The infection lasts 7-10 days, after which recovery occurs.

They cause intestinal infections that proceed according to the type of hemorrhagic colitis and occur mainly in children. The infection begins with mild fever and intoxication (headache, weakness, loss of appetite), followed by nausea, vomiting, and watery stools. In severe cases, on the 3rd - 4th day of the disease, abdominal pain develops, the stool remains liquid, but it happens much more often, and streaks of blood appear in the feces. Sometimes the stool consists entirely of pus and blood without fecal matter. As a rule, the infection lasts for a week, after which self-healing occurs. But in severe cases, hemolytic-uremic syndrome may develop on the 7-10th day after the cessation of diarrhea.

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) manifested by anemia, the number of platelets decreases to critical numbers and acute renal failure appears. HUS is a severe complication of an intestinal infection because, in addition to anemia, kidney failure, and decreased platelet count, a person may develop leg and arm cramps, muscle stiffness, paresis, stupor, and coma.

Complications of intestinal infections caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli in adults and children over 3 years of age are very rare. Moreover, in most cases, complications appear when infected with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, and occur in about 5% of cases. Complications of intestinal infections provoked by E. coli include kidney disease, hemorrhagic purpura, convulsions, paresis, and muscle stiffness.

E. coli - symptoms in children

Since children practically do not have inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary organs caused by E. coli, babies for the most part suffer from intestinal infections provoked by pathogenic varieties of Escherichia coli. Therefore, in this section we will consider the symptoms of intestinal infections in children under 3 years of age caused by pathogenic E. coli.

Enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic E. coli are the cause of intestinal infections in young children who are in groups, for example, in hospitals, maternity hospitals, etc. The infection caused by these types of Escherichia coli is characterized by a gradual worsening of the condition and an increase in the severity of the course by 4-5 days. In an infant, at first, the body temperature rises moderately (not higher than 37.5 o C) or remains normal, then frequent regurgitation and vomiting appear. The chair becomes frequent, yellow feces with impurities of mucus or particles of undigested food. With each new bowel movement, the stool becomes more and more liquid, the amount of water in it increases. Faeces can be expelled with strong force. The child is restless, his stomach is swollen.

With a mild infection, vomiting occurs 1-2 times a day, and stools - 3-6 times, and the body temperature does not rise more than 38 o C. With a moderate infection, vomiting is more often 3 times a day, stool - up to 12 times a day. day, and the temperature can rise to 39 o C. In severe cases of the disease, stools occur up to 20 times a day, and the temperature rises to 38 - 39 o C.

If a child with such an intestinal infection does not receive enough fluid to replenish its losses with diarrhea, then he may develop DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome) or hypovolemic shock with myocardial insufficiency and intestinal paresis as a complication.

In addition, in children with a weakened immune system, E. coli, due to damage to the intestinal wall, can enter the bloodstream and be carried to other organs, causing pyelonephritis, suppurative otitis media, meningitis, or sepsis.

Infection caused by enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is most severe in children aged 3-5 months. Moreover, the infection provoked by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in children of the first year of life, as a rule, disappears after 1-2 weeks, after which complete recovery occurs. And the disease caused by enteropathogenic bacilli in children of the first year of life takes a long time, because after recovery after 1-2 weeks it can recur. In total, the infection can last from 1 to 3 months, with periods of recovery alternating with exacerbations. In children aged 1–3 years, infections caused by both enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli last for 4–7 days, after which self-recovery occurs.

The infection caused enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, in children under 3 years of age begins with symptoms of moderate intoxication (fever, headache, weakness, loss of appetite), which is accompanied by diarrhea. Feces are liquid, similar in consistency to sour cream, containing impurities of mucus and sometimes blood. Before the urge to defecate, there are pains in the abdomen. The disease usually lasts for 5 to 10 days, after which self-healing occurs.

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli cause intestinal infections that occur in children of any age in the same way. At the beginning of the disease, body temperature moderately rises and symptoms of intoxication appear (headache, weakness, loss of appetite), then nausea, vomiting and loose stools join them. Feces are watery, very thin, squirting. If the infection is severe, then by 3-4 days abdominal pain appears, stools become more frequent, and an admixture of blood is fixed in the feces. In some cases, feces completely disappear from the stool, and the stool consists entirely of blood and pus.

With a mild course, the infection lasts 7-10 days, after which self-healing occurs. And in severe cases, in about 5% of cases, a complication develops - hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). HUS is manifested by renal failure, anemia, and a sharp decrease in the number of platelets in the blood. Occasionally, HUS also causes convulsions, stiffness, and muscle paresis, as well as stupor or coma.

What does the detection of E. coli in various tests mean?

E. coli in urine or bladder

The detection of Escherichia coli in the urine is an alarm signal, indicating that the urinary organs are infected with this microbe, and they have a sluggish inflammatory process that does not manifest clinical symptoms. If Escherichia coli is found in the bladder, then this indicates the infection of only this organ and the presence of an inflammatory process in it, which proceeds sluggishly and subacutely, without clinical symptoms. The activation of E. coli and the development of inflammation with clinical symptoms in any organ of the urinary system or specifically in the bladder in such a situation is only a matter of time. Inflammation can become acute and symptomatic, for example, with hypothermia or stress, when the immune system is weakened, as a result of which E. coli multiplies and provokes the disease.

Therefore, the detection of E. coli in the urine or bladder is a signal to start antibiotic therapy with antibiotics in order to destroy the pathogenic microbe and eliminate the risk of developing an acute inflammatory disease of the genitourinary organs. In order for the treatment to be effective, you must first pass a urine test for bacterial culture in order to identify which antibiotics the E. coli that lives in the genitourinary tract of this particular person is sensitive to. Based on the results of bacteriological culture of urine, an effective antibiotic is selected and a course of therapy is carried out. After 1 - 2 months, they again pass urine for bacteriological culture, and if, according to its results, E. coli is not detected, then the treatment is considered successful. If, according to the results of the control urine culture, Escherichia coli is again detected, then a course of another antibiotic is drunk again, to which the bacterium is also sensitive.

E. coli in a smear (in the vagina)

The detection of E. coli in the vagina is an alarm for a woman, since this bacterium should not be in the genital tract. And when it is in the vagina, Escherichia coli sooner or later will cause an infectious and inflammatory disease of any female genital organ. At best, E. coli will provoke colpitis, and at worst, it will penetrate from the vagina into the uterus and further into the ovaries, causing endometritis or adnexitis. In addition, from the vagina, the bacterium can enter the bladder and cause cystitis.

Therefore, if Escherichia coli is found in a vaginal smear, it is necessary to conduct a course of antibiotic treatment in order to destroy this bacterium in the genital tract. In order for the therapy to be effective, it is first necessary to pass the vaginal discharge for bacteriological culture in order to identify which antibiotics the E. coli found in the vagina of a particular woman is sensitive to. Only after sensitivity is detected, an antibiotic is selected that will be effective, and its administration begins. After 1 - 2 months after treatment, a control bacterial culture is given, and if, according to its results, Escherichia coli is absent, then the therapy was successful. If E. coli is again found in the sowing, then you will have to re-treat with an antibiotic, but with a different one.

coli in the sea

If, according to epidemiological studies, E. coli is found in the sea, then it is better not to swim in such water, since if it is accidentally swallowed, infection with the development of an intestinal infection is possible. If, despite the presence of E. coli, a decision is made to swim in the sea, then you should do this with caution, trying not to swallow water so as not to become infected with an intestinal infection.

E. coli in the Black Sea: in 2016, the number of intestinal infections breaks records - video

Analysis for Escherichia coli

To detect E. coli in various organs, the following tests are currently being performed:

• Bacteriological culture of faeces, urine, vomit, discharge of the genital organs. During the analysis, biological fluids are sown on a nutrient medium, the composition of which is adapted for the growth of Escherichia coli. If colonies of Escherichia coli grow on the medium, then the result of the analysis is considered positive and means that there are Escherichia coli in the organ from which the biological secretions were taken.
• Coprogram or fecal analysis for dysbacteriosis. In the course of these analyzes, it is revealed which microorganisms are contained in the feces and in what quantity. If, according to the results of a coprogram or analysis for dysbacteriosis, pathogenic E. coli are detected, this means that the person has an intestinal infection. If, according to the results of the analyzes, non-pathogenic Escherichia coli are detected, but in an abnormal amount, then this indicates dysbacteriosis.

Norm of Escherichia coli

In human feces, the total number of typical Escherichia coli should be 10 7 -10 8 CFU / g. The number of lactose-negative Escherichia coli should be no more than 10 5 CFU / g. Hemolytic Escherichia coli in the feces of any person, both an adult and a child, should be absent.

Treatment

Treatment of diseases of the genitourinary tract in men and women, caused by Escherichia coli, is carried out with the help of antibiotics. At the same time, bacteriological culture is first performed with the determination of sensitivity to antibiotics in order to determine which drug will be most effective in this particular case. Next, choose one of the antibiotics, to which E. coli is sensitive, and prescribe it for a course of 3 to 14 days. 1 - 2 months after the end of the course of antibiotics, a control bacteriological culture is carried out. If, according to its results, E. coli is not detected, then the treatment was successful, and the person was completely cured, but if the bacterium is detected, then one should drink another antibiotic to which the microbe is sensitive.

The most effective antibiotics for treating urinary tract infections caused by E. coli are the following antibiotics:

• Cefotaxime;
• Ceftazidime;
• Cefepime;
• Imipenem;
• Meropenem;
• Levofloxacin;

Treatment of intestinal infections provoked by E. coli, children and adults are produced according to the same rules. The only difference in approaches to therapy is that children under one year of age must be hospitalized in an infectious diseases hospital, and adults and children over a year old with a moderate and mild infection can be treated at home.

So, with an intestinal infection, children and adults are prescribed a sparing diet, consisting of mucous soups, cereals on the water, stale white bread, bagels, crackers, boiled vegetables, low-fat boiled fish or meat. Spices, smoked, fatty, fried, salted, pickled, canned food, milk, rich soups, fatty fish and meat, fresh fruits are excluded from the diet.

From the moment diarrhea and vomiting appear until they are completely over, it is imperative to drink rehydration solutions that make up for the loss of fluid and salts. You need to drink at the rate of 300 - 500 ml for each episode of diarrhea or vomiting. Rehydration solutions are prepared either from pharmaceutical powders (Regidron, Trisol, Glucosolan, etc.), or from ordinary salt, sugar, baking soda and pure water. Pharmaceutical preparations are simply diluted with clean water in the amount indicated in the instructions. A home-made rehydration solution is prepared as follows - a tablespoon of sugar and one teaspoon of salt and baking soda are dissolved in 1 liter of pure water. If for some reason it is impossible to buy or prepare rehydration solutions on your own, then you need to drink any drinks available in the house, such as tea with sugar, compote, fruit drink, etc. Remember that with diarrhea and vomiting, it is better to drink at least something than nothing, since it is necessary to make up for the loss of fluid and salts.
Furazolidone, which is prescribed for both adults and children. Among antibiotics, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, or amoxicillin are most commonly prescribed for the treatment of E. coli. Antibiotics and Furazolidone are prescribed for 5 to 7 days.

In addition to antibiotics, at present, bacteriophages can be used to destroy E. coli from the first days of the disease - bacteriophage coli liquid, interstibacteriophage, coliproteic bacteriophage, pyobacteriophage combined liquid, pyobacteriophage polyvalent combined liquid, etc. Bacteriophages, unlike antibiotics, act only on pathogenic intestinal stick and do not destroy bifidobacteria and lactobacilli of normal microflora. Therefore, they can be taken from the first days of the disease.

After recovery from an intestinal infection, it is recommended to take probiotics for 2 to 3 weeks (Bifikol, Bifidumbacterin

Dysbacteriosis. Symptoms, signs, diagnosis and treatment

Intestinal colic in adults and newborns - the essence of the phenomenon, symptoms, treatment, remedies for colic, massage, diet (products that cause colic). What diseases of the intestines cause colic?

And the topic today will be about E. coli, which literally teems with the entire coast of our famous resorts, from Anapa, Novorossiysk, Gelendzhik to Sochi and its environs.

And those who at least once about rested on the black sea, I think, for the most part, faced with this problem, which can not only cause a lot of trouble to vacationers, but even, if left to chance, lead to death due to dehydration.

Diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, headaches! Here, far from full list symptoms of infection of your body with Escherichia coli through sea water.

I, that year, was in Abkhazia on the Black Sea coast and my children had the same problem, although in Abkhazia the sea is much cleaner than in ours Black Sea coast.

And all because the sea is really dirty. Clean sites are found only in remote areas where there are few vacationers. Most enterprises dump their waste and wastewater into the Black Sea.

Even in South-East Asia, I have never, nor my children, ever been ill with anything like that, swimming in the sea, and here 2 trips and situations are similar to banality. And not only my family faces this problem, but also the majority of vacationers with whom I had a chance to talk. And, especially during the peak season, local infectious diseases hospitals are literally overflowing with vacationers.

Of course, the media is silent about this, so as not to sow panic and fear among people, but the problem of E. coli in the sea, still reaps its rich harvest over and over again.

And here, our bioresonance therapy device Radiant Ultimate, which I always take with me on trips, helps me a lot.

If not for him, then it would definitely be safe to say that the vacation is ruined, because when you vomit and have diarrhea, it is difficult to call the vacation meaningful.

Especially when this happens for several days. No food or drink, as everything climbs back.

Everything comes out.

Of course, there are recommendations on how not to catch E. coli at sea. Do not swallow water, wash your hands, and so on, but do children perceive this and often the opposite happens, although we, parents, inspire them with common truths.

As a result, we are sitting with the children again on vacation and trying to help them get rid of this scourge, and for the last time, my wife and I were attacked by E. coli with our children, since we also had a second brt device, an earlier model, and they we were literally saved.

The first symptoms after infection with E. coli appear quite soon, usually after 4-6 hours, and sometimes even earlier. And here I always have activated charcoal and my friend, a bioresonance therapy device, on which I put the following programs from Rife's frequencies.

Bacterial infections base Number of frequencies: 13
Frequencies: 1550; 880; 866; 832; 800; 787; 784; 727; 690; 664; 465; 200; twenty;
Total duration: 00:26:00

- E. coli Number of frequencies: 29
Frequencies: 7848.5; 7846.5; 1730; 1722; 1552; 1550; 1320; 1244; 1000; 957; 934; 856; 840; 832; 804; 802; 800; 799; 776; 642; 634; 556; 548; 413; 333; 330; 327; 289; 282;
Total duration: 00:58:00

E. coli basic program Number of frequencies: 35
Frequencies: 7848.5; 7846.5; 1730; 1722; 1712; 1703; 1552; 1550; 1320; 1244; 1242; 1000; 957; 934; 856; 840; 832; 804; 802; 800; 799; 776; 642; 634; 632; 556; 548; 539; 413; 358; 333; 330; 327; 289; 282;
Total duration: 01:10:00

- E. coli mutated form Number of frequencies: 8
Frequencies: 556; 934; 1242; 1244; 1703; 632; 634; 776;
Total duration: 00:16:00

Staphylococcal-streptococcal infection Number of frequencies: 26
Frequencies: 9645.5; 7159.5; 2431; 1902; 1108.9; 1059.9; 1049.9; 1009.9; 985; 958; 934; 786; 727; 718; 686; 643; 576; 563; 542; 453; 436; 423; 411; 333; 134; 128;
Total duration: 00:52:00

Drainage Number of frequencies: 25
Frequencies: 9999.5; 3177; 3176; 3175; 880; 787; 751; 727; 676; 635; 625; 522; 465; 444; 440; 304; 148; 146; 15.2; May 15; 10.36; ten; 7.83; 6.3; 2.5;
Total duration: 00:50:00

It turns out 4 hours 32 minutes. If you give 4-5 activated charcoal and run this set of programs 2-3 times, then vomiting and diarrhea will stop, and you will return to good rest, instead of knocking on the doorsteps of local overcrowded hospitals or trying to solve the problem on their own.

I hope everything goes well for you and my experience will help you keep yours and your children healthy.

Resorts on the Black Sea coast have been incredibly popular over the past few years. Most Russian citizens prefer to spend their holidays on the Black Sea. Pleasant climate, picturesque nature, warm gentle sea, beaches with a wide coastline and pleasant prices for holidays - what attracts modern tourists.

Recently it became known that E. coli was found in the Black Sea. This news literally turned the whole idea of ​​a pleasant vacation upside down and caused mass anxiety, almost panic. Many of those who have already managed to purchase vouchers, tickets, began to refuse them, not wanting to spend their entire vacation in a hospital bed. So what do real reviews say on this issue? Was it really discovered in the Black Sea or is it all the machinations of intruders? Let's take a closer look at this issue.

Tourist dissatisfaction

Tourists spending their holidays in the resorts of the Black Sea coast are concerned about the sanitary condition of the region. The petition about E. coli in the Black Sea is the fruit of their collective work. So, they complain that after taking water procedures, that is, banal swimming in sea water, they have to become another patient of overcrowded medical institutions. And everything is to blame - E. coli in the Black Sea. Vomiting, weakness, diarrhea, loss of strength and rather high body temperature - all these symptoms are present to one degree or another in patients of the local hospital.

Hospitals are really overcrowded, patients are lying in the corridor, and all this is in the Olympic Sochi, which was literally revived from the ashes, in which all the necessary conditions were created for family vacation. Children are at risk, they are the first to be affected by E. coli in the Black Sea. Numerous reviews of tourists and vacationers testify to the dirt on the beaches, widespread unsanitary conditions, the presence of sewage and sewer water in the sea. If you refer to the reviews of tourists, for sure in each of them you will find information about the disgusting state of health, vomiting, terrible pain after the first contact with water. There is no doubt that E. coli was found on the Black Sea coast. Another thing is what are the reasons for such a widespread infection, its massive and active spread, and whether measures will be taken to stabilize the situation.

Of course, not everyone can afford expensive overseas resorts. On the other hand, why go somewhere if our country, at the expense of its profitable geographical location has its own outlet warm sea. Every year, hundreds of thousands of tourists from different parts of the country rest in the resorts of the Krasnodar Territory, military personnel spend their holidays here, who, by virtue of their profession, do not have the right to leave the borders of the Russian Federation. We are all interested in creating the necessary conditions for a full-fledged, most comfortable and, most importantly, safe vacation at our resorts.

Possible reasons

The authorities are rather reserved on this issue, trying to maintain calm in the region. Meanwhile, local hospitals continue to receive complaints from tourists and local residents.

Why is E. coli on the Black Sea? What caused the mass poisoning of vacationers? Are there methods to stop the development of infection in the region? Rospotrebnadzor presented a report on the above survey of the waters of the Black Sea coast of Sochi and Adler. According to him, the sea is not found, respectively, the cause of such a mass epidemic can be anything, but not an infection. Of course, the authorities refer to the overcrowding of beaches, unsanitary conditions, and non-compliance with basic hygiene requirements by vacationers.

E. coli in the Black Sea may appear as a result of the active discharge of waste and sewage water, garbage into sea water. If you have ever rested on Black Sea resorts Russia in the season, certainly had the opportunity to appreciate all this "magnificence".

How infection occurs

Disinterested persons, after their own independent survey, revealed that E. coli is constantly present in the Black Sea. August is the peak season when the infection is massive. It is at this time of the year that local hospitals are overwhelmed with patients.

So, it was possible to reveal that most often the infection occurs after direct contact with sea water, namely, swallowing it while swimming. At risk are children from two years old, who, due to their age, find it difficult to comply with basic protection and hygiene measures. That is why in the infectious diseases department of local hospitals, babies are frequent patients. As you know, the treatment of an infection in a child has a number of difficulties, it can be delayed and turn into serious consequences.

So, the annual problems with the sea, or rather the state of sea water, begin at the beginning of the season - June, when the temperature begins to gradually rise. It is in such conditions that the infection begins to appear, and in the future, the infection actively spreads. Complicating the picture are breakwaters that contribute to stagnant water, as well as the lack of a sewer system in Sochi, as a result of which all sewage is sent straight to the sea.

Why Russian resorts

Of course, all tourists and vacationers are interested in the geography of the spread of infection. We all know from the school geography course that the Black Sea belongs not only Russian Federation, at least Turkey and Bulgaria offer their guests to visit the Black Sea. E. coli (where it is absent, epidemics do not arise there), however, is found only in us. Why does information about the infection come from Russian resorts? These questions are asked by modern tourists.

According to experts on the subject, E. coli is a bacterium that can be found in any environment. That is why not a single resort with a massive congestion of tourists during the season can completely protect itself from such a nuisance. Another thing is that E. coli in the Black Sea (2016 was the year when the current sanitary situation was declared catastrophic) is a consequence of water contamination with feces, processed products, and wastewater. And all these illegal emissions occur again within the framework of our state. Here is the answer to the question why E. coli was found in the Black Sea.

Moreover, local authorities are trying to "squeeze" the maximum from the resorts during the season. This is evidenced by the overcrowding of beaches, hotels, inns and holiday homes. Of course, high air temperature contributes to the spread of infection, which leads to a similar reaction.

A word about infection

For some tourists, the information that E. coli was found in the Black Sea does not mean anything. They do not understand anything in medicine, they have no idea what an infection is, what area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe human body it affects, how it is transmitted. That is why sometimes they cannot identify its presence in their body.

Non-pathogenic varieties of E. coli are part of the intestinal microflora, respectively, are present in the body of every person. Pathogenic strains cause infectious and inflammatory diseases, most often of the gastrointestinal tract. They produce enterotoxins that cause diarrhea.

About symptoms

Symptoms of infection are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, fever. Among the main causes of infection, experts identify non-compliance with elementary hygiene standards. At the same time, infection often occurs in resorts during a mass gathering of people.

Treatment

After E. coli was found in the Black Sea, local hospitals and clinics do not stop accepting complaints from vacationers. The infectious diseases departments are literally overcrowded, people are even lying on the floor in the corridor. E. coli in the Black Sea has become a big problem. Treatment should not be done on your own. It is difficult to cope with an infection without the help of doctors; it is better to contact specialists immediately after the first signs of the disease are detected. Most often, antibiotics, absorbent drugs, based on activated charcoal, and probiotics are used for therapy.

Fighting the epidemic

Of course, without the intervention of local authorities, it is unlikely that it will be possible to solve and eradicate the problem. The main problem of the resort is the lack of a unified sewerage system. Sochi was put in order, landscaped, some of its districts were literally rebuilt, and the issue of the sewer system remains open. And all this happens in the main resort and tourist center country visited by hundreds of thousands of tourists every year. Undoubtedly, in such conditions, sewage and sewage waters enter the sea in unlimited quantities. If you remember a school geography course, you will surely note for yourself that the Black Sea is not located in the most successful way from the point of view of sanitation, but all because the renewal of water in it occurs at a negligibly low rate - in most cases it stagnates. And under the influence of sweltering heat, it becomes a real hotbed of infections, including intestinal ones.

Great attention should be paid to the tourists themselves, or rather, to teach them to comply with elementary norms and hygiene requirements. First of all, it should be forbidden to sell drinks and food on local beaches: in the course of numerous studies, it has been found that it is during eating on the beach with dirty hands that infection can occur. It is necessary to eat only in trusted establishments, avoiding all contact with local products presented on the beach.

How to protect yourself from infection

How to go to the sea without catching an intestinal infection? This question is one of the most relevant today, because not everyone is ready to give up their summer vacation.

So, first of all, at the resorts, one should monitor hygiene, after each sea bath, take a shower, cleansing the skin. The shower not only helps to wash off the sea salt from the body, but also to remove all the impurities that are definitely present in the water to one degree or another. It is here, at sea, that you should be more careful and demanding about everything that you eat, what your children eat, be sure to wash your hands before every meal, use sunscreen and spend more time outdoors, trying to find a secluded place. Agree, from tourists vacationing on the same Black Sea, but choosing for their leisure time remote from the center, more secluded, sometimes wild places, almost never receive complaints. Tourists who go to the sea at the height of the season complain when the beaches are simply overcrowded.

What about those who have already bought tickets

If you have already purchased tickets, but are concerned about the information about the detection of an infection on the Black Sea coast, do not panic. E. coli in the Black Sea (2016 is the year or another - it doesn’t matter) is not uncommon. It should be understood that for resort towns in conditions of sweltering heat, this is the norm. Another thing is how you will treat it. Do not be afraid and refuse the planned trip. Look: even after numerous warnings, people still continue to come to Sochi and Adler.

You just need to remember a few simple rules:

• avoid swimming during extreme heat - it is under the influence of high air temperature and prolonged heating of water in the sea near the coast that bacteria begin to accumulate in huge number. It is better to wait a bit and enter the sea when the air temperature returns to normal;
• try, if possible, not to swallow water while bathing, explain this to children who are at risk;
• never use sea water to wash fruits and vegetables;
• comply with hygiene standards;
• after each contact with sea water, be sure to wash your hands with soap and water;
• understand that coastal areas are not intended for urination, there are specially designated places for this - toilets.

Summing up

Of course, it is foolish to deny the presence of an infection in the Black Sea, when the region's hospitals are simply overflowing with infected tourists. Nevertheless, if each of us takes control of our health, follows the simple rules of staying at resorts, we will be able to reduce the likelihood of infection at times. Of course, government agencies should intervene in the problem, take all necessary measures to eliminate the source of infection, develop a sewerage project, monitor the condition of beaches, food in resort area. Only joint efforts aimed at eliminating the problem will lead to the maximum result.