The most unsafe mode of transport. The safest form of transport is the plane
It is clear that the number of accidents highways significantly higher. Thus, according to official statistics, only in the first half of the year, 62,984 registered traffic accidents occurred on the territory of the Russian Federation, that is, approximately 346 accidents per day.
Concerning railway transport, the statistics here are less deplorable, but the indicators are far from aviation ones. So, only on Gorkovskaya railway in 2013, there were 17 accidents in which 12 people died. Unfortunately, there are no general statistics on railway accidents around the world as a whole, but in some countries, for example, in India, the situation is much worse than in Russia, so it becomes clear that the number of accidents in absolute terms in air transport is much lower than the same indicator on highways or railways.
When analyzing disasters, of course, one should take into account the widespread use of cars. But the number of flights per day is quite comparable to the number of trains departing daily from the stations.
The severity of the consequences of the disaster on different modes of transport
As a rule, there are no survivors. However, the same dry statistics suggests that this statement is not entirely true. In 2013, out of 827 people who crashed planes, 311 died. Over the course of six months, 7,801 people died and 80,330 more were injured in road accidents in Russia.As for railway transport, there is a high death rate in traffic accidents at the crossing, but in most incidents during the movement of the train, people receive moderate injuries and bruises.
About half of air crashes occur during the landing of the aircraft on the ground. Interestingly, about the same proportion of accidents are caused by fatal pilot error.
What type of transport is the least dangerous
Insurance companies help to understand which mode of transport is the least safe, because they constantly study the statistics of accidents on land, in the air and at sea. It is interesting that the lowest rates are for insurance of goods transported by sea and air transport, that is, the probability of an unfavorable outcome here is considered by insurers as lower.As for passengers, they are insured at a lower percentage for rail transport and during flight by plane. And trips to land transport(private and public) are considered the most risky of all possible types of travel.
After another tragedy with an airplane and numerous victims, everyone again recalls with skepticism the constantly repeated slogan that "an airplane is the most safe transport in the world." Perhaps this comes from the fact that we perceive ourselves in an airplane as completely helpless in front of emergency situations and the chance of salvation on their own is almost zero. But driving a car at a decent speed, in bad weather, it seems to us that if we have time to dodge something or airbags, we will definitely save our lives
So what is the safest transport in the world according to statistics?
Mopeds and motorcycles
For many years in a row, such transport has been considered the most dangerous. Of the total traffic, motorcycles make up only 1%, while on the roads 20% of deaths occur precisely on this type of transport. In order to survive, you should remember that you can not develop a dashing speed of more than 70 km / h. Desperate bravado is not only inappropriate, it can also cost the life of the driver. And if he took a passenger with him .. According to statistics, 125 deaths occur for every 1.5 billion km. motorcycle rental. The death rate of drivers of ordinary cars is 28 times less than the death rate of motorcycle drivers. These are the modern facts.
Bike
From year to year, the bicycle is considered one of the most dangerous types of transport, according to official statistics. This year is no exception, unfortunately. The most common accidents involving bicycles occur when they collide with cars. The number of such accidents on the roads is constantly growing. Therefore, cyclists should be as careful as possible. Since teenagers are the most likely to die in such crashes, all parents should consider this moment. At 1.5 billion km. According to statistics, 35 deaths are accounted for.
UNDERGROUND
Metro this type of transport in case of accidents ruins the lives of many people at once. And emergencies in the subway are especially dangerous for citizens. If we talk about Russia, most often the victims are passengers of the Moscow metro.
FERRY
Ferries are not as safe as water transport enthusiasts would like. According to the statistics of the current year, by 1.5 billion km. accounts for 20 deaths. In particular, it should be noted that not every death occurs as a result of a crash. Passengers have been known to fall overboard. Water transport is also unsafe!
Spaceship
Only 18 spacecraft that have been sent into boundless space since the very first flight in 1961 have failed to return. And this is despite the impressive amount of transport of this type sent into space. There were 530 ships in total. It should be borne in mind that people did not die in space itself. Tragedies happened during takeoff or at the time of landing. According to statistics, 1.5 billion km. accounts for 7 human deaths.
Minibus
In the middle of the rating of the safest transport were minibuses. Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for people to die while traveling on this type of transport, often due to the low qualification of drivers.
Automobile
Previously, cars were considered an incredibly dangerous type of transport. Everything is very simple. The machine design has been significantly improved in recent years. Thus, the number of accidents has been significantly reduced. New statistics show that 1.5 billion km. There are four deaths in the share of cars. However, this does not mean that you can safely forget about safety measures or become fans of crazy driving.
Bus
For 1 billion km. accounts for 0.5 deaths according to official statistics. This applies to ordinary buses.
1st place. Train
Trains, according to statistics, are considered the safest transport in the world and were in the first place of our list. This is especially true for American and European trains, with only 0.2 deaths per 1.5 billion km. for the trains. If we take only Russian Federation, in railway transport, the mortality rate is 0.7 per 1.5 billion km, which is also not very high. At the same time, to a large extent, global statistics are spoiled by countries such as India, where the concept of safety has a very specific meaning.
Against the backdrop of a large number of different vehicles, many specialists and experts, of course, want to know which of them are the safest. Statistics show that the most safe view transport is an airplane.
Specialists divide transport into 2 groups:
- By service sector:
- public options
- special purpose
- Private
- By environment of use:
- Ground - it includes wheeled options and rail
- Underground - subway
- Air
- Space
- Aquatic and underwater
- Pipeline
Passengers boarding an airplane often shudder at the thought of taking off and landing. However, official statistics are unequivocal - airliners are quite safe in terms of movement.
For calculations, they take the number of victims per 100 million miles. According to the results of such calculations, the mortality rate in air crashes is 0.6 people. You can die in a plane crash in 1 case in 8 million. When compared with other options that are traditionally considered safer, then such a figure will turn out to be completely ridiculous. So, in case of accidents with mopeds and motorcycles, the statistics is 125 deaths per 1.5 billion km. Cyclists die on the roads in considerable numbers - 35 deaths per 1.5 billion kilometers of road. Even in the metro, more people die than in air transport - 25 cases per 1.5 billion km.
What ensures the safety of the liner
The reliability of aircraft, as noted by experts, is ensured by a number of factors. First of all, each aircraft undergoes a whole range of serious tests before the flight. Moreover, it is examined by both technicians and the captain of the ship, who must be personally sure of the excellent condition of the liner he takes for flight.
Secondly, it is the work of security systems. Today, advanced systems are installed in aircraft, and even in the amount of several pieces that can duplicate each other. Accordingly, if something happens to one of them, the other will be able to duplicate it. The plane can fly and land even with one faulty engine.
Thirdly, landing tactics change regularly. Previously, pilots practiced landing the aircraft softly, but now they are advised to do it rough, which improves the grip of the landing gear with the runway.
Is it possible to survive in a plane crash
Many are afraid of the inability to survive in a plane crash. But this is also a myth. Yes, in many cases the aircraft is destroyed. But the cases when passengers remained alive are quite numerous. This is due to the fact that all aircraft are designed by those people who are well versed in aerodynamics and gravity. And falling from a height of 10,000 km is not so easy for an airplane to fall.
In the United States, for example, 500 air incidents have occurred in 20 years. The death toll in these is about 5% of the total number of passengers on board the liner. Even in such situations, when planes fall and break in half, passengers have a chance to survive.
Choosing a safe place on the ship
Against the background of determining the safety of a particular transport, many, of course, are also interested in whether it is possible to find safe places on board an aircraft. Back in 2007, statistics were published that clearly identified the most quiet places in airplane.
To compile the statistics, the researchers took data published by the National Security Council of America for 30 years. They took as a basis the dependence of the number of victims on the place where the passengers were located. It turned out that 70% of crash survivors were located on the ground in the section beyond the edge of the aircraft wing. There is also a chance in half the cases to survive for those who sit above the wing.
The part of the aircraft closer to the tail is in a more favorable position due to the fact that when the aircraft falls, it mainly falls nose down. So, the chances of salvation are greater for those who sit behind.
The statistics of the safest aircraft
- Airbus A340 - a total of 340 such models were produced, which in total flew 13.5 million flight hours, 5 accidents were recorded in which there was not a single injured person
- Airbus A330 - about 600 copies were produced. Aircraft flew 14 million hours of flight, and during this time only 1 incident occurred. A total of 8 copies were lost, in which 346 people died
- Boeing 747 - aircraft of this brand had 1 accident in 17.5 million departures. There are 941 vessels in operation. During the years of use of such liners, 941 ships were lost, 51 disappeared due to accidents in which 3,732 people died
- Boeing 737 – 3 tragedies since 1997
The Boeing 777 is currently considered the safest aircraft. There are 748 copies in the world. Over the years, this model has flown 20 million hours. During this time, 3 people died in two incidents. Lost during this time only one ship.
So do not be afraid of the aircraft because of the high accident rate. Moreover, the crew also undergoes special training, has the necessary skills and does not really want to die. In addition, an airplane is an opportunity to get to your destination quickly and quite safely.
Choosing what to get from point A to point B, we take into account 2 factors - speed and safety. Long trips narrow the choice of vehicle. Today we will discuss the degree of danger of popular modes of transport.
Public opinion
"What is the safest transport?" - this was the question asked by VTsIOM sociologists. Monitoring was carried out for 3 years. Throughout the time, the opinion of Russians has not changed much. Considered safe:
- Metro - 69%;
- bus and tram - 68%;
- trains - 51%;
- cars -48%;
- trolley bus - 40%;
- ferries - 38%.
It is interesting to see how the attitude of people towards air travel has changed. In 2011, only 22% of respondents named the aircraft as the safest mode of transport. The following year, the number increased to 33%, and in 2013 it fell to 16%.
Director of the center V. Fedorov notes that information affects the indicators. Major plane crashes 2013 caused a drop in citizens' confidence in aircraft.
Statistics
Official data differ from the position of ordinary Russians. First, let's find out how the death rate is determined for different vehicles.
There are several methods. The most accurate and common is the calculation of the number of deaths per 100 million km or 160 million miles.
Each transport group has the safest types of cars, motorcycles, etc. But the average option "as a whole" is taken. American Bureau of Statistics DERT in 2000. calculated the crude death rate as follows:
- Aircraft - 0.5;
- buses - 0.4;
- trains - 0.6;
- minibuses - 1.2;
- water transport - 2.6;
- cars - 3.1;
- bicycles - 44.6;
- on foot - 54.2;
- motorcycle - 108.9.
Based on the coefficient of flights - 0.5, a person needs to fly 200 million km in order for him (according to statistics!) to have an accident. According to statistics, the safest mode of transport is the plane. It is followed by rail and water transport. In order not to be unfounded, I will take the latest reports as a basis.
Tracking aviation accidents has been run by the aviation-safety.net website since 1996. From June 1 to November 1, 2017 in the world crashed or committed emergency landing 117 aircraft, 279 people died.
In the first five months of this year, in Russia alone, 5,770 people died as a result of road accidents and another 71,461 were injured. Even the safest cars are not able to reduce this number.
According to regnum.ru, for 5 months the trains had the least results: 41 people were killed, 172 were injured.
Planes take to the air every 3 seconds. Therefore, the figures are quite comparable and give a general idea of the number of victims over the same period of time. Every year, about 1,000 people die from the crash of air transport, and up to two thousand on the railway.
Aviation
by the most safe means you can’t call a car a movement. In addition, the opinion that it is impossible to survive in a plane crash is also erroneous. If we refer to the resource table for registering incidents, we can see that in most cases there were no casualties. 500 accidents in the United States over 20 years accounted for 5% of deaths.
If we take only large crashes from the sum, then the mortality rate will be about 50%.
In 2007, Popular Mechanics magazine named the safest seats on an airplane. The journalists analyzed the data of the US National Security Council for 30 years. They drew attention to the dependence of the number of victims on the place.
The number of aircraft survivors as a result of accidents, depending on the landing site Nearly 70% of the survivors remain in the section beyond the edge of the aircraft's wing. Survive 56% of those sitting above the wing. The main impact in a collision with the ground falls on the nose of the liner, so the tail is relatively safe.
There are also statistics on the safest aircraft. Here are the top five:
- Airbus A340 - 341 aircraft of this type have been produced in 24 years. During 13.5 million flight hours, 5 accidents were recorded and no one was injured;
- Airbus A330 - 577 copies. 1 accident per 14 million flight hours. Total lost 8 pieces, 346 deaths;
- Boeing 747 - 1 accident in 17.5 million departures. 941 ships are in operation, 51 are lost as a result of accidents, 3732 people died.
- Boeing 737 NG - since 1997 3 tragedies occurred (1/17 million hours).
Interesting fact: Boeing 747 is officially certified to fly without 1 engine (out of 4). Those. in case of failure, he can safely continue the flight to the destination, without emergency landings.
The Boeing 777 is considered the safest aircraft in the world. The total flight time of 748 copies since 1995 has amounted to more than 20 million hours. 3 people died in two incidents. In the entire history, one ship has been lost. It is important to understand that the rating is compiled without taking into account hostilities and terrorist attacks..
Motor transport
Oddly enough, the car familiar to us is one of the most dangerous means of transportation, second only to motorcycles. Let's think about your safety in the car. The testauto.ru resource publishes the data of the largest companies conducting crash tests. Based on this rating, we will determine the safest cars.
In the column overall score, “excellent” is given to Volkswagen Passat, Volvo XC-90, Toyota RAV-4, Toyota Prius, Mercedess E-class and C-class, Lexus GS, Jeep Grand Cherokee.
Such popular brands as BMV 3 series, Dodge Caliber, Honda Accord VI, Honda Civic Hathback V, Honda CR-V, Volvo S-70 and S-80 and a number of other cars passed the “good” test.
The main criteria for scoring are frontal and side impacts, coups, child safety. You can familiarize yourself with other assessments in detail on the indicated site, but we have listed all the excellent students. The source calls the Volvo XC90 the safest car in the world with reference to EuroNCAP specialists. The device scored the maximum number of stars.
Interestingly, in the evaluation system of some crash tests there is an indicator "pedestrians". Unfortunately, if you look at the table, it becomes clear that these road users are practically not protected by anything. Be careful on the roads!
Safe seats in the cabin
Automobile
Do you know what is the safest place in a car? Most people are convinced it's behind the driver's seat. If the vehicle is hit in the side, then the chances of salvation will be equal for the driver and the passenger sitting behind.
The center of the vehicle is least susceptible to damage in an accident. That's why the middle between the two rear seats is considered the most safe place in car.
Public transport
Least dangerous to borrow central places public transport. The logic is similar: the highest probability of collision with cars moving on the left. Accordingly, passengers sitting by the window will be under attack.
It is also not recommended to sit on the back four rows. On the first seats, it is better to sit behind the driver's seat, especially if the seats are located with their backs in the direction of travel. The middle of the cabin remains the safest place on the bus.
Other payment options
This article considers one option for calculating safety, in terms of passenger-kilometers. The question can be answered in terms of the number of deaths per billion hours. Then, the buses will come out in first place, and the planes will go down to third. If we take a billion trips as a basis, trains will become the leader, air travel will move to seventh place.
All methods have advantages and disadvantages. Extras use different algorithms. It is enough for us to know that it is safer to travel by land for short distances, and by air for long distances. Well, the safest transport is a spaceship. He is unbeatable in any case. In the entire history of space exploration, 18 people have died.
We introduced you to the transport safety calculation systems, introduced you to the course of sociological surveys. Now, the word is yours. What is your preferred means of transportation? We are waiting for your comments!
Mortality on the roads is one of the main problems of the modern world. Many are wondering what kind of transport is considered reliable. And opinions differ even among those involved in professional statistics and evaluation.
First, to build statistics, researchers do not agree on what criteria to use. For example, if we take as a basis the distance traveled and the number dead people, then spaceships will be a trustworthy mode of transport. In the entire history of interplanetary flights, there have been 3 fatal accidents. It is difficult to calculate the kilometers they have traveled, they are so colossal.
Secondly, objective indicators are needed. With regard to air, sea and rail transport, it is easy to take into account mortality data. And if he talks about passenger transport, then he will have to operate with approximate information. And even more so it is impossible to talk about the exact mileage.
Fear of flying affects 30% of the world's population. Naturally, if we give statistical data, then the “chance” to crash on air transport is thousands of times less than in a minibus. Phobias and fears clearly show how people's emotions prevail over the real state of affairs. According to a sociological survey, the train is recognized as the most reliable means of transport, and the car is in second place. But the plane is considered unsafe. The death statistics say otherwise.
Rating of safe modes of transport
This list is compiled from the latest data for 2018. For the assessment, information from the National Union of Insurers, as well as information from Rosstat, was used.
The safest mode of transport. Tragedies in the air claim a large number of lives, in connection with which the disturbing opinions of people are connected. In addition, the interviewed aerophobes confirm that the main fear is related to the fact that in the event of a disaster, the chance to survive will be zero.
Are you afraid to fly?
Yes, I'm afraidThere is nothing wrong
Cars, buses are not terrible for a person, because he is faced with this kind of movement every day. It's actually kind of a myth. Planes are designed by professionals, so just to fall from a height of ten thousand kilometers, you need to work hard.
Interesting!
According to statistics given in the US, over the past 20 years, there have been 500 accidents. Only 5% of the people who were at the time of the accident did not survive.
If we analyze serious shipwrecks, then 50% of passengers survive. Numerically speaking, the "chance" of having a crash and dying is 1:11,000,000. When compared with the risk of death from a lightning strike, it is 17 times higher than the death in a plane crash.
The second place in the ranking was taken by a leisurely tram. According to 2018 statistics, for one million people who used urban transport services, injuries were observed in 0.04. The tram moves at a low speed, does not encounter traffic jams, and, remarkably, is environmentally friendly.
Unfortunately, over the past year, the tram service has decreased by 35%. Small towns with a local budget cannot fully provide and maintain power lines. In connection with the increase in tariffs for electricity, prices for tickets are also rising. People are gradually switching to other modes of transport. One of the safest land-based modes of transportation, is slowly being squeezed out of cities.
trolleybus
The specificity of the trolleybus is that it does not move at high speed. And also in large volume and mass. If an accident occurs, the colliding car will suffer more. Trolleybus passengers will get bruises and bruises at most. Of course, one cannot ignore collisions with trucks, where fatal outcomes can also occur. According to NSS statistics, 0.09 people were injured per 1 million passengers who used the services of the trolleybus;
According to a survey of the population, the train is considered the safest mode of transport. Why is that? For every 1 million passengers, 0.17 people are injured. It is worth noting that we are talking about world statistics, and not only about intercity trains over long distances, but also about commuter trains.
As for Russia, in 2018 there were seven accidents on the railway, 1 person died. Despite the duration of transportation, more and more people opt for the train, neglecting air transport. Experts attribute this to both aerophobia and budget prices. African countries spoil the global statistics, because there is a very specific concept of safety.
Conflicting information is associated with it, coming as a result of sociological surveys. Some are afraid of open water, others cannot swim at all and for them being in the middle of a large body of water causes stress.
Statistical information reveals several causes of tragedies on the water:
- Fires due to faulty electrical wiring;
- Accidents associated with the water element;
- Failure to comply with safety regulations on board.
Interesting!
According to statistics, there are 2.3 accidents per 1 million passengers. In Russia, the situation with the domestic fleet is deplorable. Many ships and boats crossed the 40-year milestone.
Unsafe transport
If we talk about the specifics of this rating, then the bus is already considered unsafe. So, for 1 million passengers in 2018, 2.84 people were affected. Intercity flights are unreliable compared to domestic ones. It is explained simply. Firstly, on the highway, the bus develops a high speed.
But in view overall dimensions, the ability to maneuver in a dangerous situation is many times lower than that of passenger car. Secondly, long-term transportation, especially at night, is associated with a human factor. Trite "fell asleep at the wheel" is heard more and more often. Until now, despite the legislation, few passengers wear seat belts. This leads to major accidents and numerous casualties.
If we talk about 2018, then more than 600 people died in intercity bus flights, and almost 14 thousand were injured.
Shuttle taxis
It is worth mentioning right away that it is impossible to build statistics on the number of passengers, since such data is not recorded anywhere.
High trauma in minibuses is associated with:
- With no held devices;
- Professional "burnout" of drivers who spend most of their lives behind the wheel;
- Insufficient concentration behind the road due to the need to accept payment from passengers;
- Poor quality of the road surface.
Not every air transport is safe. Especially when it comes to private transportation by helicopter. Vulnerability of the structure, unprofessionalism of the captain, a sharp deterioration weather conditions- all these factors directly indicate that the helicopter poses a direct danger in terms of mortality. So, for every 1 million passengers, there are 10 deaths. Flights to hard-to-reach places where it is impossible to get by alternative transport are a special category. An unequipped place for landing a helicopter often leads to crashes;
Such a dangerous mode of transport is available in almost every family. And this causes a consistently disturbing situation on the roads both in megacities and in small towns. Complicated statistical calculations say that 6 people die per 1.6 billion kilometers. The reasons that lead to such deplorable results can be listed for a long time. Of course, most of them are related to the human factor.
Banal non-compliance with traffic rules, alcohol while driving are popular ones. It is impossible not to say about bad roads, the unpreparedness of utilities for climatic phenomena. And of course, the quality of cars, especially in Russia, leaves much to be desired. These factors indicate that it is unlikely automobile transport will become more reliable in the coming years, especially in Russia;
Motorcycles, mopeds, bicycles
There are terrible statistics for this type of transport - more than 200 deaths per 1.6 billion kilometers traveled. Is it worth emphasizing that two-wheeled vehicle is especially vulnerable and any accident ends with at least an injury. Some drivers go against the requirement to wear protective ammunition. Although in the fall, the presence of a helmet saved many lives. The high speed of motorcycles in 90% of cases in a collision ends in death.
Finally
Summing up, no mode of transport can be called completely reliable. Even in the case of space flights, there are recorded deaths. But often the cause of accidents is the person himself. Non-compliance with traffic rules, safety precautions, drinking alcohol, driving while intoxicated - these factors are paramount. The deterioration of the situation on the roads is also associated with the fact that every year there are more car owners. The congestion of roads and highways entails an increased emergency hazard.
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