The highest peaks of the world on all continents. The highest peak in Europe: description and photo

The greatness and extraordinary beauty of the mountains leaves few people indifferent. Sometimes snow-covered ridges inspire fear, sometimes they fascinate, inspire, beckon and push to make heroic ascents. Among the European peaks you will not find such giants as the Himalayas or the Pamirs, but in the Old World there are objects worthy of admiration. We will present the top 10 highest mountains in Europe in our ranking in ascending order.

10th place - Bazarduzu (4466 m), Azerbaijan

The name of the mountain, which is part of the Greater Caucasus, is translated from the Turkic language as "market square". The Lezgins gave the second name to the peak - Kichensuv, which literally means "mountain of fear." In the Middle Ages, lively rural fairs were held in these places, on the border of the Azerbaijani and Dagestan lands. The first ascent of Bazardyuzya took place only in 1847 under the leadership of Alexandrov, a Russian scientist, explorer and topographer, who installed on the top commemorative sign. The specificity of the mountain is that from the east there is an ice wall on it, and on the hills and in the surrounding area lives great amount animals.

9th place - Matternhorn (4478 m), Italy / Switzerland

matternhorn locals compared with a cap due to the strongly curved peak. The peak is located in the Penine Alps and is the border between two ski resorts - the Italian Breuil-Cevigna and the Swiss Zermat. The peak inspired awe for a long time, so climbers and scientists ventured on the first ascent only in 1865, after which the Matterhorn became the last explored mountain of all existing in the Alps. The maximum height of the peak is in the east of the ridge from the side of Switzerland. From the first group of climbers led by Whymper, four fell into the abyss, the ascent to the Matterhorn from Italy took place three days after the tragedy.

8th place - Weishorn (4506 m), Switzerland

The peak is also located on the border of the Italian and Swiss lands, in the Pienine Alps. Most of the Weisshorn is on the Swiss side. The peak was repeatedly attempted to conquer, but for a long time the expeditions failed. For the first time, they were able to climb to the top only in 1861, the discoverers were two local guides and a young physicist. To this day, climbers try to bypass Weisshorn, considering the mountain unpredictable and insidious: frequent avalanches that led to the death of entire groups of people are not uncommon here. Relatively easy is the route passing along the slope located on the Swiss side.

On our planet there are such areas where a person experiences special sensations: a surge of energy, euphoria, a desire to improve or spiritually...

7th place - Liskamm (4527 m), Italy / Switzerland

Liskamm does not have the most pleasant nickname for a climber - the peak is called "cannibal mountain" for constant avalanches, snow blocks, dangerous terrain and instability of the snow cover. The peak is located in the western part of the Alps and is divided into two heights, the highest of which is 4527 meters. For the first time, a group of fourteen people (immigrants from England and Switzerland) climbed the eastern slope of Liskamm in 1891, while the ascent was surprisingly easy and harmless. Today, many hiking trails, which are designed to provide maximum safety for tourists.

6th place - Dom (4545 m), Switzerland

Not far from the Meschabel mountain range, in the Penine Alps, there is an amazingly beautiful mountain with the sonorous name Dom, which means “dome” in translation (meaning the upper part of the cathedral). The area near the summit was studied for several years by Canon Bertchtold, who served in the local temple. He also established that the peak consists of 5 hills located so close to each other that from a bird's eye view they resemble teeth. The Dom was first climbed in a northwesterly direction in the 19th century by citizens of England and Switzerland. The mountain was fully explored only after 50 years, and the first skiing was carried out along the northern slope in 1917.

5th place - Dufour (4634 m), Switzerland/Italy

The peak is considered the highest among all Swiss peaks and is the most prominent part of the Monte Rosa massif. The mountain got its beautiful name by the name of the famous Swiss military leader - General Guillaume-Henri Dufour, who became famous as a competent cartographer. The first time the summit was conquered in 1855 by a group of British and Swiss, the leader of the expedition was Charles Hudson.

The North American relief can be conditionally divided into several types: in the central and northern parts you can admire the delightful plains, ...

4th place - Mont Blanc (4810 m), France

The name literally translates as " white mountain". Mont Blanc is located in the western part of the Alps, on the French-Italian border. Known as a center for the professional training of mountaineers, and around the summit developed popular route mountain tourism - Tour du Mont Blanc. The first ascent to the peak took place in 1786, which was recorded in written sources. Today inside the mountain is laid toll tunnel, on which you can travel by car between the two states - Italy and France. At the foot of Mont Blanc there are two elite resorts - Chamonix in France and Courmayeur in Italy. For several centuries there have been disputes about the belonging of the peak to one of the states. Officially, Mont Blanc has not been definitively recognized as French or Italian.

And now the most interesting begins: in order to continue our rating, we will decide on the border between Europe and Asia. Actually, the leader of our rating depends on this. Historically, the border between Europe and Asia went along the watersheds - along the ridge Ural mountains, along the Ural River, along the Caspian Sea, along the Main Caucasian Range. Then at the end of the 50s. The All-Union Geographical Society determined the land border in such a way that now the entire Urals began to relate entirely to Europe, and the entire Caucasus to Asia. In short, this decision was not accepted and recognized unanimously throughout the world, and as a result, since then, the concept of the border between Europe and Asia has become vague.

In addition to these two main points of view, there are three more alternative boundaries:
Line A - runs along the peaks of the Ural Mountains and, further, along the Ural River
Line B - passes through the Kuma-Manych depression and, further, through the Sea of Azov
Line C - follows the watershed Caucasus mountains

It is difficult to scare a Russian person with anything, especially bad roads. Even safe tracks take thousands of lives a year, let alone those a...

Wikipedia, meanwhile, believes that almost the entire Caucasus belongs to Europe (the border along the Araks River).
Thus, in the absence of unity on this issue, we propose to do this: for those who are inclined to believe that the Caucasus belongs to Asia, consider this rating completed and Mont Blanc the highest peak in Europe, and for those who do not agree with this border, we continue our rating.

3rd place - Shkhara (5200 m), Georgia

Almost in the middle of the main ridge of the Caucasus Mountains is the majestic Shkhara. The summit is a favorite place for professional climbers and mountain tourism enthusiasts. Shkhara is a unique place of its kind, ideal for climbing, while the slopes of the mountain are accessible even to a beginner, and climbing up without professional training will not be such a difficult task. The discovery of the mountain began with the rise of a group of Swedish travelers in 1888, after 45 years Shkhara was conquered by rock climbers from the USSR. Today, Shkhara is a popular place among tourists, where citizens from all over the world come. Around the mountain flows the picturesque river Inguri, which is a local landmark.

2nd place - Dykhtau (5204 m), Russia

The name of the peak is translated as "steep mountain", located on the Lateral Range of the Caucasus Mountains, in the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, in the heart of the reserve of the same name. The massif has the shape of a pyramid with two prominent peaks - Main and East. For climbers, the most interesting is the famous Pushkin Peak, climbing which is considered a matter of honor. There are 10 routes of varying difficulty along the slopes of the mountain. For the first time Dykhtau was climbed in 1888 by two foreign travelers along the southwestern slope.

Our planet has a variety of dangerous places, which have recently begun to attract a special category of extreme tourists looking for a...

1st place - Elbrus (5642 m), Russia

Elbrus is the highest mountain peak in Europe and one of the seven highest peaks in the world. Geologically, Elbrus is a stratovolcano and is the mouth of a long-extinct volcano located between two ridges. The highest point is in the west of the ridge, and the first ascent was organized in 1829 with the assistance of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. The expedition was led by General Emmanuel, for which he was awarded a scientific title. Many rivers of the Caucasus and Stavropol are fed by the melting of the Elbrus glaciers.

I don’t know how to characterize it more correctly - sclerosis or deja vu? I remember exactly what I wrote about this. But today I spent the whole morning shoveling through my computer archive (it must be said, a large and confusing one) and found nothing. I tried to find it on the Internet - also to no avail. Maybe it was in the letters that I accidentally deleted during the next cleaning of the computer? Or maybe he didn’t write anything, but only wanted to write, saying this topic to himself many times?

Early in the morning (!), making a plan for the next "cleansing" of the accumulated photos, I came across a record of a flight trip to Terskol, and there the phrase "which mountain is the highest in Europe?" The traditional question about knowledge of geography for those who come to Terskol... I wrote about it, but not where? I didn’t find it, I began to look for info on the Internet - I finally got confused.

In short, you need to clearly record what I remember and add what I found today.

What is the highest mountain in Europe?

Answer: unknown! Some sources say - Elbrus in the Caucasus, others - Mont Blanc (Alps).

With the heights of the vertices, there is a fairly clear definition.

Elbrus- 5642 m (Western summit) and 5621 (Eastern). Although some sources hold other values (for example, 5633 - it looks like the arithmetic mean of two peaks). The mountain is located in Russia. On the edge of the short Side Range, a few kilometers north of the Main Caucasian Range. It is undeniably the highest peak in the Caucasus and Russia.

Mont Blanc.There are discrepancies here. The Russian Wikipedia says - 4808 m.
In the English WikiPedia - 4010, it is specified that these are the data of the latest measurements made in 2002. Before that, it was believed that its height was 4807 m (I remember this value from childhood). The summit is located in France, the border between France and Italy runs along the Mont Blanc mountain range a little south of the summit.

Regarding the "most", here's what it says:
Wikipedia:
Mt. Elbrus (west) stands at 5,642 meters (18,510 ft) and it is the highest mountain in Europe. Mont Blanc or Monte Bianco (French and Italian- "White Mountain") is the highest mountain in the Alps and in Western Europe.

Three additional boundary lines on the map show alternative, mostly non-geographic, boundary definitions:
Line A - runs along the peaks of the Ural Mountains and, further, along the Ural River
Line B - runs along Kuma-Manych depression and further along the Sea of Azov
Line C - follows the watershed of the Caucasus Mountains

Note! Wikipedia believes that almost the entire Caucasus belongs to Europe (the border along the Araks).

So, what happens: there is no unequivocal answer to the question "is Elbrus in Europe or in Asia"? Those. everyone can choose the one that he likes, referring to an authoritative source suitable for the occasion.

But here it should be noted: all sources admit that there is no scientific justification for this or that version of the border between Asia and Europe based on geological or geographical concepts (climate, tectonics, etc.). From this point of view, it is necessary to talk about a single continent of Eurasia.

By the way, here it is necessary to recall the difference between the concepts of "mainland" and "part of the world." The division into continents is made on the basis of separation by water space from other continents, and parts of the world are rather a historical and cultural concept. So that, With this point of view North Caucasus(and perhaps the entire Caucasus), most likely still refers to Europe.

OK. Geographical boundary is a controversial concept. But the height marks are quite measurable values.

As we noted above, there is no particular discrepancy regarding the heights of the peaks. But for some other points of Elbrus there are.

How high is Shelter 11? I always thought - at an altitude of 4200 m (Wikipedia also says). But in some Internet publications I found - 4100 (perhaps these are typos).

But about the Pastukhov rocks - complete confusion. I have always believed (according to various sources) that their height is 4810 m. This was fundamental: it was believed that going up to the rocks could be equated with climbing Mont Blanc (although conquering Mont Blanc is an order of magnitude more difficult).

Wikipedia (and a number of other sources) says otherwise - 4700 m (and in some places I found even lower - 4600 m.)

It is also written there that the Saddle of Elbrus is located at an altitude of 5200, although I remember the figure of 5300 m.

That, perhaps, is all.

This one shows 4 photos: Elbrus from the side of Cheget (this is my picture) and from Kislovodstvo (below), as well as Mont Blanc - a view from France (above) and from Italy.

Page 9 of 9

The highest mountain peaks of the world by mountain systems. Table.

Note: Dear visitors, hyphens in long words in the table are set for the convenience of mobile users - otherwise the words are not transferred and the table does not fit on the screen. Thanks for understanding!

Mountain peak	mountain system	Mainland	Height
Jomo-lungma (Everest)
Communism Peak
Victory Peak	Tien Shan
aconcagua		South America
McKinley	cordillera	North America
Kilimand-jaro	Massif Kilimand-zharo
	B. Caucasus
B. Ararat	Armenian Highlands
Vinson Massif		Antarctica
	B. Caucasus
	Western Alps

However, if we take as a basis the height not above sea level, but from the base of the mountain, then the recognized leader among the highest mountains in the world becomes Mauna Kea is a shield volcano located in the Hawaiian Islands.

The height of Mauna Kea from the base to the top is 10203 meters, which is 1355 meters higher than Chomolungma. Most of the mountain is hidden under water, and above sea level Mauna Kea rises to 4205 meters.

The Mauna Kea volcano is about a million years old. The volcano's activity peaked during the shield stage about 500,000 years ago. Currently, the volcano is recognized as inactive - according to scientists, the last eruption was 4-6 thousand years ago.

The highest mountains in the world by continent. Descriptions of the seven highest peaks of the world by parts of the world.

"Seven Peaks" is a climbing project that includes the highest peaks of the world in parts of the world. North and South America, as well as Europe and Asia are considered separately. Climbers who have conquered all seven peaks become members of the "7 Peaks Club"

List of "seven peaks":

Chomolungma (Everest) (Asia)
Aconcagua (South America)
McKinley (North America)
Kilimanjaro (Africa)
Elbrus or Mont Blanc (Europe)
Vinson Massif (Antarctica)
Kosciuszko (Australia) or Carstens Pyramid (Puncak Jaya) (Australia and Oceania)

The seven highest mountain peaks in the parts of the world. Map.

Chomolungma (Everest) - the first of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in Asia and the highest peak in the world.

Chomolungma belongs to the Himalayas, the Mahalangur-Himal range. The southern peak (8760 m) lies on the border of Nepal and the Tibet Autonomous Region (China), the Northern (main) peak (8848 m) is located on the territory of China.

Geographical coordinates of Mount Chomolungma - 27°59′17″ s. sh. 86°55′31″ E d.

The fact that Chomolungma (Everest) is the highest mountain in the world was determined by the Indian mathematician and topographer Radhanat Sikdar in 1852 on the basis of trigonometric calculations, when he was in India, 240 km from Chomolungma.

The highest mountain in the world and Asia has the shape of a trihedral pyramid. The southern slope is steeper, snow and firn are not kept on it, so it is exposed. From the top mountain range many glaciers descend, ending at an altitude of 5000 meters.

The first ascent of the largest mountain in the world was made on May 29, 1953 by Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and New Zealander Edmund Hillary through the South Col.

The climate of the highest peak in the world, Chomolungma, is extremely harsh. The wind speed there reaches 55 m/s, and the air temperature drops to -60 °C. As a result, climbing the highest mountain in the world is fraught with many difficulties. In spite of modern equipment and the equipment used by climbers, for every twentieth of them, the conquest of the highest peak in the world is the last thing in life. From 1953 to 2014, about 200 climbers died on the slopes of Everest.

aconcagua- the second of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in South America and the highest peak in the western and southern hemispheres of the Earth.

Mount Aconcagua is located in the central Andes in Argentina. Absolute height - 6962 m. highest peak South America It was formed during the collision of the Nazca and South American lithospheric plates. The mountain has many glaciers, the largest of which are northeastern (Polish Glacier) and eastern.

The geographic coordinates of Mount Aconcagua are 32°39′S. sh. 70°00′ W d.

Climbing the highest peak of the western and southern hemispheres of the Earth is technically considered easy if carried out along the northern slope. From the south or southwest, conquering the summit of Aconcagua is much more difficult. The first ascent of the highest mountain in South America was recorded in 1897 by the expedition of the Englishman Edward Fitzgerald.

McKinley- the third of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in North America. Height - 6168 meters.

The geographical coordinates of Mount McKinley are 63°04′10″ s. sh. 151°00′26″ W d.

Mount McKinley is located in Alaska, in the center national park Denali. Until 1867 it was considered the highest peak Russian Empire until Alaska was sold to the US. The first explorer of Mount McKinley is the Russian leader of the expedition, Lavrenty Alekseevich Zagoskin, who first saw it from two sides.

The highest mountain North America It was first conquered by American climbers under the command of the Rev. Hudson Stack, who reached the top of the mountain on March 17, 1913.

Mount McKinley used to be called differently. The Athabaskan Indians - the indigenous people - called her Denali, which means "great." While Alaska belonged to the Russian Empire, the mountain was simply called "Big Mountain". In 1896, the highest mountain in North America received its modern name in honor of the 25th American President.

kilimanjaro- the fourth of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in Africa. Height - 5,891.8 m.

The geographic coordinates of Mount Kilimanjaro are 3°04′00″ S. sh. 37°21′33″ E d.

Kilimanjaro is a potentially active stratovolcano in northeastern Tanzania. The highest peak in Africa consists of three main peaks, which are also extinct volcanoes: Shira in the west with 3,962 meters above sea level, Kibo 5,891.8 meters in the center and Mawenzi with 5,149 meters in the east.

The top of the Kibo volcano is covered with an ice cap. Once this cap was clearly visible from afar, but at present the glacier is actively melting. Over the past 100 years, the glacier covering the top of Africa's highest mountain has shrunk by more than 80%. The melting of the glacier is associated with a decrease in precipitation associated with deforestation in the area adjacent to the mountain. According to some scientists, the Kilimanjaro ice cap will disappear by 2020.

The first ascent of the highest peak in Africa was made in 1889 by Hans Meyer. Climbing Kilimanjaro is not considered difficult from a technical point of view, although it is incredibly spectacular. Due to the proximity to the equator, all types of altitudinal zonality are represented on the mountain, which the climber sequentially passes one after another. Thus, in the process of ascent, you can see all the main climatic zones of the Earth in a few hours.

Elbrus- the fifth of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in Europe and the highest peak in Russia.

The geographical coordinates of Mount Elbrus are 43°20′45″ s. sh. 42°26′55″ E d.

The border between Asia and Europe is ambiguous, as a result of which there are disputes whether Elbrus belongs to Europe. If yes, then this mountain is the highest point in Europe. If not, then the palm goes to Mont Blanc, which is discussed below.

Elbrus is located in the Greater Caucasus, on the border of the republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. It is the highest mountain in Russia. The highest peak in Europe is a two-peak saddle-shaped volcano cone. The western peak has a height of 5642 m, the eastern one - 5621 m. The last eruption was in the 50s of our era.

The most big mountain Europe is covered with glaciers with a total area of 134.5 km²; the most famous of them: Big and Small Azau, Terskol.

The first documented ascent of Mount Elbrus dates back to 1829 and was made during an expedition led by General G. A. Emmanuel, head of the Caucasian fortified line. Climbing Mount Elrus according to the climbing classification is not technically difficult. Although there are routes of increased complexity.

Vinson Massif- the sixth of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain of Antarctica. Height - 4897 meters.

The geographical coordinates of the Vinson Massif are 78°31′31″ S. sh. 85°37′01″ W d.

The Vinson Massif is located 1200 km from South Pole and is part of the Ellsworth Mountains. The massif is 21 km long and 13 km wide. The highest peak of the Vinson Massif is Vinson Peak.

The highest mountain in Antarctica was discovered by American pilots in 1957. The first ascent of the highest peak on the southern continent was made on December 18, 1966 by Nicholas Clinch.

Mont Blanc- the highest mountain in Europe, the fifth of the "seven peaks", if Elbrus belongs to Asia. Height - 4810 meters.

The geographical coordinates of Mont Blanc are 45°49′58″ s. sh. 6°51′53″ E d.

The highest peak in Europe is located in the Alps mountain system on the border of France and Italy. Mount Mont Blanc is part of the Mont Blanc crystalline massif with a length of about 50 km. The ice cover of the massif covers an area of 200 km², the largest glacier is the Mer de Glace.

The first ascent of the highest point in Europe, Mont Blanc, was made by Jacques Balmat and Dr. Michel Paccard on August 8, 1786. In 1886, during his honeymoon, the highest mountain in Europe was conquered by the future President of the United States of America, Theodore Roosevelt.

Kosciuszko- the seventh of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in continental Australia. Height - 2228 meters.

The geographical coordinates of Mount Kosciuszko are 36°27′ S. sh. 148°16′ E d.

The highest peak of the Australian continent is located in the Australian Alps in the south of the state of New South Wales on the territory of the national park of the same name. Mount Kosciuszko was discovered in 1840.

The first ascent of the highest mountain in Australia in 1840 was made by the Polish traveler, geographer and geologist Pavel Edmund Strzelecki. He also named the mountain in honor of the military and political figure Tadeusz Kosciuszko.

Pyramid of Carstens (Punchak Jaya)- the seventh of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in Australia and Oceania.

There is disagreement about which mountain to rank as the last, seventh peak. If we take into account only the Australian continent, then this will be Kosciuszko Peak. If we consider the whole of Australia and Oceania, then it will be the Carstens Pyramid with a height of 4884 m. In this regard, there are currently two Seven Summits programs, including the first and second options. But the main option is still recognized as a program with the Carstens Pyramid.

The geographical coordinates of Mount Punchak Jaya are 4°05′ S. sh. 137°11′ E d.

Mount Punchak Jaya is located in the western part of the island. New Guinea and is part of the Maoke massif. The highest peak in Oceania is also the most high mountain located on the island. The mountain was discovered in 1623 by the Dutch explorer Jan Carstens. Puncak Jaya is sometimes called the Carstens Pyramid after him.

The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1962 by a group of four Austrian climbers led by Heinrich Harrer.

The highest mountains in the world by continent and country. The highest peaks of the Earth.

Note: there is still debate among scientists whether or not the Caucasus Mountains should be included in Europe. If so, then Elbrus will be the highest peak in Europe; if not, then Mont Blanc. Until unanimity was reached on this issue, we ranked the Caucasus among Europe, and therefore the mountains of the Caucasus (Russia) were included in the list of the highest mountains in Europe.

Mountain peak

Country

Height, m

The highest mountains in Europe

Koshtantau

Pushkin Peak

Dzhangitau

Russia - Georgia

Katyn-Tau

Shota Rustaveli

Switzerland - Italy

Kukurtli-Kolbashi

Mailikhoh

Sallyngantau

Weishorn

Switzerland

Tebulosmta

Matterhorn

Switzerland

Bazarduzu

Russia - Azerbaijan

The highest mountains in North America

McKinley

Saint Elijah

Alaska - Canada

popocatepetl

Istaxihuatl

Lucaynia

Blackburn

Vancouver

fairweather

California

Colorado

Washington

Nevado de Toluca

Williamson

California

Blanca Peak

Colorado

Ancompagre Peak

Colorado

Creston Peak

Colorado

Lincoln

Colorado

Grace Peak

Colorado

Longs Peak

Colorado

white mountain peak

California

North Palisade

California

Wrangel

California

Pikes Peak

Colorado

California

split mountain

California

Middle Palisade

California

The highest mountains in Asia

Chomolungma (Everest)

China - Nepal

Chogori (K-2, Godwin-Austen)

Kashmir - China

Kanchenjunga

Nepal - India

Nepal - China

China - Nepal

Dhaulagiri

Nangaparbat

Pakistan

Annapurna

Gasherbrum

Kashmir - China

Broad Peak

Kashmir - China

Gasherbrum II

Kashmir - China

Shishabangma

Gyachung Kang

Nepal - Tibet (China)

7952

Gasherbrum III

Kashmir - China

7946

Annapurna II

Nepal

7937

Gasherbrum IV

Kashmir - China

7932

Himalchuli

Nepal

7893

Dastoghil

Pakistan

7884

Ngadi Chuli

Nepal

7871

Nuptse

Nepal

7864

Kuniang Kish

Pakistan

7823

Masherbrum

Kashmir - China

Nandadevi

Chomolonzo

Tibet (China)

Batura-Shar

Pakistan

Kanjut Shar

Pakistan

Rakaposhi

Kashmir (Pakistan)

Namjagbarwa

Tibet (China)

Kashmir (Pakistan)

Dhaulagiri II

Nepal

7751

Saltoro Kangri

India

7742

Ulugmuztag

China

7723

Jeanne

Nepal

7711

Tirichmir

Pakistan

7708

Molamenking

Tibet (China)

7703

Gurla Mandhata

Tibet (China)

Gungashan (Minyak-Gankar)

Muztagata

Kula Kangri

China - Bhutan

Ismoil Somoni Peak (former Communism Peak)

Tajikistan

Victory Rush

Kyrgyzstan - China

Jomolhari

Nepal-Tibet

Peak named after Abu Ali ibn Sino (former Lenin Peak)

Tajikistan

Korzhenevsky peak

Tajikistan

Khan Tengri Peak

Kyrgyzstan

Ama Dablam (Ama Dablan or Amu Dablan)

Kangrinboche (Kailash)

m - a mountain hill, which is located on the border of Switzerland and Italy. It is part of the Western Alps. Liskamm is one of the ten highest mountains in Europe. It consists of two peaks, one of which rises to 4,538 meters above sea level. The mountain has received the nickname "eater" among climbers because of the numerous descending snow avalanches and blocks that hang from the ridge. People first climbed the mountain in 1861. It was then that Liskamm managed to conquer for the first time an expedition of fourteen people, which included 8 British climbers and 6 Swiss guides.

6

HouseHeight 4 545 m

One of the highest mountains in Europe is called House(Switzerland). The location of this peak is the Pennine Alps. The house is an integral part of the Mischabel mountain range. Translated from German, the name of the peak means "cathedral" or "dome". It was named after Canon Berchtold of Sion Cathedral, the man who began exploring the local area. The former name of the peak was Mischabel, meaning "villas" in Russian. So the hill was called due to the fact that the peaks of the array are located very close to each other. For the first time, the Briton J. L. Davis and his guides J. Zumtaugwald, J. Kroenig and H. Branchen climbed the House in 1858.

5

Peak DufourAltitude 4 634 m

Peak Dufour(Switzerland/Italy) ranks fifth among the highest mountain points in Europe. It is part of the Monte Rosa mountain range, which is part of the Pennine Alps. The summit was conquered in 1855 by a team of English and Swiss climbers. The mountain hill got its name in honor of the Swiss engineer and topographer Guillaume-Henri Dufour, who is the creator of the detailed topographic map southwestern Switzerland for military purposes. Peak Dufour rises to 4,634 meters above sea level.

4

Mont BlancHeight 4 810 m

Mont Blanc(Italy / France), located on the border of two states, ranks fourth in the list of the highest European mountains. One of the highest mountain points is part of the Western Alps. Mont Blanc, which means "white mountain" in Italian, is a 4810 meters high crystalline massif. The conquest of one of the highest points in Europe took place in 1786. The first climbers were Jacques Balm of Savoy and Michel Paccard of Switzerland. Under Mont Blanc there is a tunnel that connects Italy and France. The mountain has two popular ski resort, one of which belongs to France (Chamonix) and the other to Italy (Courmayeur).

3

ShkharaHeight 5 200 m

Shkhara(Georgia) opens the top three highest mountains in Europe. It is part of the main Caucasian ridge and rises to 5200 meters above sea level and is the highest point in Georgia. Shkhara was first conquered by a Swedish climbing team in 1888. Soviet climbers climbed Shkhara a little later - in 1933. Today it belongs to one of the easiest mountains to climb, therefore it has considerable popularity among tourists who wish to conquer mountain peak. The Enguri River originates from the mountain glacier of the same name.

2

DykhtauHeight 5 204 m

Dykhtau(Russia) ranks second in height among European peaks. One of the highest points is part of the Caucasus ranges. Dykhtau is located on the lands of the Kabardino-Balkar high-mountain reserve. It has two peaks - Main and Eastern, which are separated by a saddle. The main peak has a height of 5204 meters, thanks to which Dykhtau takes second place in the list. The mountain point is popular among climbers: more than a dozen climbing routes have been laid here. The first to climb to the top were Briton Albert Mummery and Swiss Heinrich Zarflu at the end of the 19th century. Translated into Russian, Dykhtau means "steep mountain".

1

ElbrusHeight 5 642 m

Elbrus(Russia) tops the list of the highest mountains in Europe. Elbrus is considered part of the Caucasus Mountains and is a vent extinct volcano of two peaks connected by a saddle. The western summit rises to 5,642 meters above sea level. These indicators give the right to say that Elbrus is the highest European point. This peak was first conquered by British climbers in 1874. The mountain is popular for sports, tourism and climbing. Elbrus glaciers are a source of food largest rivers Caucasus and Stavropol Territory.

Alps. The Alpine mountainous region is part of several states: Switzerland and Austria are located on its territory. The northern parts of the region are part of the Federal Republic of Germany, the western parts of France, the southern parts of Italy. The eastern spurs of the Alps enter the territory of Hungary, southeastern ranges- within Yugoslavia. Sometimes it is customary to talk about the Swiss, French, Italian Alps, etc. However, this division by political affiliation does not always correspond to natural differences. The Alps proper start off the coast mediterranean sea system of the Alpes-Maritimes bordering the Apennines. Then they stretch along the border of France and Italy in the meridional direction of the Cote and Graian Alps, which are composed of crystalline rocks and reach great heights. Pelvou (4100 m), Gran Paradiso (4061 m) and the highest massif of the Alps Mont Blanc with a five-domed peak (4810 m), located at the junction of the borders of France, Italy and Switzerland, stand out especially.

From the Mont Blanc massif, the Alps turn rather sharply to the east. Two parallel rows of powerful ridges stretch here, composed of crystalline rocks and limestones. Particularly majestic are the Bernese and Pennine Alps, separated by the longitudinal valley of the upper Rhone. In this part of the mountains rise the giant, glacier-covered massifs of the Jungfrau (4158 m) and Fisteraarhorn (4274 m), Weisshorn (4505 m) and Matterhorn (4477 m) and the second highest massif of the Alps - Monte Rosa (the main peak is Dufour Peak, 4634 m). Somewhat lower in height are the parallel ridges of the Lepontinsky and Glarnsky Alps. The Glarn Alps are inferior in height to the Bernese; their main peak is Mount Tedi (3620 m). The middle part of the Alps is crossed by a deep valley that runs from lake constance to Lake Como. It divides the Alps into Western and Eastern. The Eastern Alps extend in a latitudinal direction, their height is less than that of the Western Alps. Swiss Alps to the east of a large transverse hollow continue in the northern range of the Rhaetian Alps and the southern range of the Berlin Alps, separated by the upper course of the river. Inn (Bernina massif, 4052 m). The eastern continuation of the Rhaetian and Bernine Alps are the Ötztal Alps in the north (3774 m) and the Ortles massif in the south (3899 m). The Ötztal and Ortles Alps are bounded in the east by a meridional trough with the watershed Brenner Pass. Further, the high-mountainous strip of the Alps narrows and is expressed in the form of one main axial watershed ridge, called the Zillertal Alps (3510 m) and the High Tauern (Grossglockner peak - 3798 m). The High Tauern passes in the east into the Low Tauern (2863 m). The extreme eastern part of the mountains - the Styrian Alps - of medium height, they abruptly break off to the Middle Danube lowland.

Here there is a divergence of the system of ridges, and the southern branch - the Julian Alps - merges with the Dinaric mountains of the Balkan Peninsula, and the northern branch is cut off by the depression of the Vienna Basin, beyond which the continuation of the Alps in the form of the Carpathian arc. In the north, Vorarlberg and the Allgäu Alps stretch, passing into the Salzburg and Austrian Prealps. In the south, between the lakes of Como and Garda, the Lombard Prealps rise, to the east of the middle Adige - Dolomites South Tyrol; further to the east - the Venetian Prealps (with the ridges of the Carnic Alps, Karavanke and Julian Alps). There are 80 four-thousanders in the Alps. Despite the low height of the mountains, there is an abundance of rocky routes up to the VI category of difficulty, mostly sheer walls. The total area of modern glaciation is 4140 km2; of which 2,690 km2 are in the Western and 1,450 km2 in the Eastern Alps. There are over 2,000 glaciers in the Alps, including many large valley glaciers. The most important of them are: Alechsky, 26.8 km long, with an area of 169 km2; Mer de Glace, 15 km long, with an area of 55 km2; Pasterze, length 12 km, area over 30 km2.

Pyrenees- a powerful mountain range, raised to a great height, an impenetrable barrier between Spain and the rest of Europe. The Pyrenees stretch from the Bay of Biscay to the Mediterranean Sea, forming a ledge with Cape Creus. This mountain system is the second in Europe after the Alps in terms of average height. The Pyrenees are a very poorly dissected mountain system. The passes in it lie at high altitude and are difficult to access. Therefore, inferior to the Alps in height, they are much less convenient for crossing. The highest is the middle part of the mountains, composed of crystalline rocks. Highest point- Peak Aneto (3404 m) in the Maladetta massif.

Apennines- a mountain system that crosses the entire length of the Apennine Peninsula and goes to the island of Sicily. In the north, the Apennines merge with the Maritime Alps. There is no clearly defined boundary between these two mountain systems. Conventionally, the border between the Alps and the Apennines is drawn along the line connecting the cities of Turin and Savona. The Apennines are divided into Northern, Central, Southern and Calabrian Apennines. The highest peak of the Apennines is Mount Corno (2914 m) in the Gran Sasso d'Italia massif.

Carpathians. The mountain arc of the Carpathians is the eastern continuation of the Alps. The length of the Carpathian arc is more than 1300 km, slightly exceeding the length of the Alps. But the Carpathians are much inferior to the Alps in height, width and overall power of the mountain uplift. The mountain system of the Carpathians begins above the upper Danube, near the confluence of the river. Moravia, low crystalline massifs of the Lesser Carpathians on the border between Czechoslovakia and Poland are the High and Low Tatras. The highest peak of the High Tatras and all mountain system- Gerlachowski-Shtit (2655 m). To the north of the High Tatras stretch the Beskids. The highest point of Beskid is Babia Gora (1725 m). Beskids form a gentle arc and are divided into Western and Eastern. The latter are also called Wooded, or Ukrainian, Carpathians.

Caucasus photo