Caucasus Mountains message for 4. Main Caucasian Range
in front of you detailed map Caucasus mountains s with city names and settlements in Russian. Move the map by holding it with the left mouse button. You can move around the map by clicking on one of the four arrows in the upper left corner. You can change the scale using the scale on the right side of the map or by turning the mouse wheel.
What country is the Caucasus Mountains in?
Caucasian Mountain is located in Russia. This is a wonderful, beautiful place, with its own history and traditions. Coordinates of the Caucasus Mountains: northern latitude and eastern longitude (show on a large map).
virtual walk
The figurine of a "little man" above the scale will help to make virtual walk in the cities of the Caucasus mountains. By pressing and holding the left mouse button, drag it to any place on the map and you will go for a walk, while inscriptions with the approximate address of the area will appear in the upper left corner. Choose the direction of movement by clicking on the arrows in the center of the screen. The "Satellite" option at the top left allows you to see the relief image of the surface. In the "Map" mode, you will get the opportunity to get acquainted in detail with highways Caucasus mountains and main sights.
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The Achishkho mountain range is the closest range to Krasnaya Polyana and the most picturesque. The highest mountain - Achishkho has a height of 2391 meters above sea level. An interesting fact about the name of the ridge: "Achishkho" in translation from the Abkhazian means "horse". This confirms the view from below, from Polyana to the mountain range. If you look closely, you can see the outline of a horse. The most popular hiking route passes through a special place located on the side of the mountain, approximately 1800 meters above sea level, where from the 30s to the 90s there was a weather station.
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The Aibga mountain range is located on the territory of Sochi national park, from the east side of Krasnaya Polyana. The ridge has a length of more than 20 kilometers, and consists of four highest points, called peaks. The most popular mountain peak among tourists is the Black Pyramid, 2375 meters above sea level. It has an unusual shape, which is why it is especially popular with climbers. In addition, a wonderful, breathtaking landscape opens up from the top of the mountain. Having conquered this mountain, you will see the valley of the Mzymta River, the peaks of Chugush and Pseashkho.
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One of the most beautiful resort places our country is Dombai. The main attractions of this city are its scenic spots. Mussa Ridge - Achitara is considered the most picturesque ridge of this part of the Caucasus. In order to appreciate all the beauty that surrounds the guests of the resort, you need to climb the slope of the mountain along cable car. This place offers a wonderful picturesque view of the peaks and glaciers of the Main Range, the Teberda and Gonachkhiri valleys.
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Peak Ine is located near the place where the northern Dzhugurlutchat glacier originates. The name of the mountain is translated as “Needle”, the mountain got its name because of its pointed top, this unusual view of mountains attracts many tourists from all over the world. Top of Ine Peak all year round lies under the snow, and although its sheer cliffs are relatively difficult to conquer, the top of Ine Peak is a fairly popular place for climbers. The height of the "needle" reaches 3455 meters, which is about 600 meters below the highest mountain of the Caucasus Dividing Range. It is best to view the mountain from the site of Mount Mussa-Achi-Tara, it is 400 meters lower than Ine Peak, but for that it can be reached by funicular.
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In the North Caucasus, among the Dombai glade, somewhat east of the mountain of the Back (Small) Belalakai, a peak called Sufruju spread out. The height of the mountain is 3871 m. A wide depression divides the massif into two equal parts - Southern and Northern. Both peaks are clearly visible from the ski Musat-Cheri. The southern part was called Sufruju's Tooth, which means "Tiger's Fang". The massif stretches for 3600 m and acts as the main attraction of the mountain Dombay.
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Belalakai is a mountain located near the village in Dombay, since the village is a resort mountain has become a symbol of this village and attracts a lot of tourists. Its height is 3861 meters. Although the height of this mountain is 200 meters lower than the highest in Abkhazia, it is no less an attraction. Belalakai owes its fame to quartz. Most of the mountain consists of dark rocks of soil and dark granite, however, due to centuries of geological processes, there are deposits of quartz on the mountain. It is this quartz that has created the white streaks that adorn the top of this mountain, the white streaks of Belalakai are especially visible at the end of summer. Because of the beauty of the local landscapes, the mountain was mentioned more than once in songs and poems.
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Dzhuguturluchat is a relatively small massif, in the large Caucasian ridge. The mountain range rose to a height of 3921 meters, which is only 120 meters less than the most high point on the Caucasian ridge. Herds of tours are found in the highest regions of the mountain range, it was they who gave these mountains the name "Dzhugurluchat" - which translates as: "herd of tours". mountain range originates from the Dombai plateau, however, the most Beautiful places open from a place called "Mussa-Achi-Tara" is where most tourists gather.
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Cheget is one of the most high mountains Caucasus. Its height reaches about 3770 meters. It is a popular tourism destination among travelers. From the mountain you can enjoy the view of the most high peak Europe - Elbrus. Another feature of Mount Cheget is the second line of the cable car, which passes through the area where the snow lies, which does not melt throughout the year.There are three lines of the cable car in total. The height of the first reaches about 1600 meters. It is one of the most popular for tourists who come to Cheget to enjoy the view of Elbrus.
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This mountain after Elbrus is the second most popular among climbers. All because it is also quite high - 4454 meters above sea level.
There are several ways to get to the mountain by cable car or on foot. Tourists who have chosen the first method can use the Cheget cable car at the final point, where small cafes are located. The second and more difficult path, which takes several hours, is from the Cheget glade along a path already full of tourists. However, it is better to go on a journey with an experienced guide, otherwise there is a chance to get lost in the mountains.
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North Caucasus will captivate many tourists with its beauties and landscapes. Mount Semyonov-Bashi, located in the east of the Caucasus Range, is no exception. In reality, this is just a ledge 3602 m above the ground. The mountain was named after the Russian explorer P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky. This person was a traveler and was the chairman of the Russian Geographical Society.
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Mount Chotcha is part of the Caucasian ridge, which is famous for its picturesque mountains and rocks. Chotcha, unlike other mountains, is divided into two parts, as if someone cut the mountain in the middle into two halves. Unlike the mountains, which have just a smaller mountain nearby, at first glance it is clear that the mountain has one base on which there are two rocks. The rock in the foreground is lower than the back one, it has 3637 meters in height, it is 400 meters lower than the highest mountain of the Caucasian ridge. The second rock is only three meters higher than the first one, it is 3640 meters above sea level.
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Mount Ertsog is included in the list of one of the most visited places of the Caucasian ridge. At the foot of the mountain, the Alibek River flows, in addition to the mountain itself, this place has a very beautiful lowland. In the gorge where the river flows, a massive slope descends, it becomes especially beautiful in spring, when the sun illuminates the slope full of bright green vegetation. Mount Ertsog is part of the Teberdinsky ridge, the ridge itself encircles a lowland with a river and makes a very strong impression on tourists who visit it.
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Mount Sulohat is located in the Dombay region and is one of the largest points of the Caucasian watershed. The height of the mountain is 3439 meters, which is about 600 meters lower than the big mountain on the Caucasian ridge. Mount Sulohat is surrounded by many legends, the most popular one is about the origin of the name of the mountain. In ancient times, the foot of the mountain was inhabited by the Alans tribe. In this tribe lived a girl named Sulohat, she was of extraordinary beauty and courage and was the daughter of the leader of the tribe.
The Caucasus Mountains are a mountain system between the Black, Azov and Caspian Seas. The etymology of the name has not been established.
It is divided into two mountain systems: the Greater Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus.
The Caucasus is often divided into the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia, the border between which is drawn along the Main, or Watershed, ridge of the Greater Caucasus, which occupies a central position in the mountain system.
The Greater Caucasus stretches for more than 1100 km from the northwest to the southeast, from the Anapa region and Taman Peninsula to the Absheron Peninsula on the Caspian coast, near Baku. The Greater Caucasus reaches its maximum width in the region of the Elbrus meridian (up to 180 km). In the axial part is located the Main Caucasian (or Dividing) Range, to the north of which a number of parallel ridges (mountain ranges) extend, including a monoclinal (cuest) character (see Greater Caucasus). The southern slope of the Greater Caucasus mostly consists of echelon-shaped ridges adjacent to the Main Caucasian ridge. Traditionally, the Greater Caucasus is divided into 3 parts: the Western Caucasus (from the Black Sea to Elbrus), the Central Caucasus (from Elbrus to Kazbek) and the Eastern Caucasus (from Kazbek to the Caspian Sea).
Countries and Regions
- South Ossetia
- Abkhazia
- Russia:
- Adygea
- Dagestan
- Ingushetia
- Kabardino-Balkaria
- Karachay-Cherkessia
- Krasnodar region
- North Ossetia Alania
- Stavropol region
- Chechnya
Cities of the Caucasus
- Adygeysk
- Alagir
- Argun
- Baksan
- Buynaksk
- Vladikavkaz
- Gagra
- Gelendzhik
- Grozny
- Gudauta
- Gudermes
- Dagestan lights
- Derbent
- Dusheti
- Essentuki
- Zheleznovodsk
- Zugdidi
- Izberbash
- Karabulak
- Karachaevsk
- Kaspiysk
- Kvaisa
- Kizilyurt
- Kizlyar
- Kislovodsk
- Kutaisi
- Leningor
- Magas
- Maykop
- Malgobek
- Makhachkala
- Mineral water
- Nazran
- Nalchik
- Nartkala
- Nevinnomyssk
- Novorossiysk
- Ochamchira
- Chill
- Pyatigorsk
- Stavropol
- Stepanakert
- Sukhum
- Urus-Martan
- Tbilisi
- Terek
- Tuapse
- Tyrnyauz
- Khasavyurt
- Tkuarchal
- Tskhinvali
- Cherkessk
- Yuzhno-Sukhokumsk
Climate
The climate in the Caucasus varies both vertically (altitude) and horizontally (latitude and location). The temperature usually decreases with elevation. Medium annual temperature in Sukhum, Abkhazia at sea level is 15 degrees Celsius, and on the slopes of the mountains. Kazbek at an altitude of 3700 m, the average annual air temperature drops to -6.1 degrees Celsius. On the northern slope of the Greater Caucasus Range it is 3 degrees Celsius colder than on the southern slopes. In the highlands of the Lesser Caucasus in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, there is a sharp temperature contrast between summer and winter due to a more continental climate. 
Precipitation increases from east to west in most areas. Altitude plays an important role: the Caucasus and the mountains usually receive more precipitation than the lowlands. The northeastern regions (Dagestan) and the southern part of the Lesser Caucasus are dry. The absolute minimum of annual precipitation is 250 mm in the northeastern part of the Caspian lowland. The western part of the Caucasus is characterized by high rainfall. There is more precipitation on the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus Range than on the northern slopes. Annual precipitation in the western part of the Caucasus ranges from 1000 to 4000 mm, while in the Eastern and North Caucasus (Chechnya, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ossetia, Kakheti, Kartli, etc.) the amount of precipitation ranges from 600 to 1800 mm . The absolute maximum of annual precipitation is 4100 mm in the region of Meskheti and Adjara. The level of precipitation in the Lesser Caucasus (southern Georgia, Armenia, western Azerbaijan), not including Meskhetia, varies from 300 to 800 mm per year. 
The Caucasus is known for a high amount of snowfall, although many regions that are not located along slopes to windward do not receive much snow. This is especially true for the Lesser Caucasus, which is to some extent isolated from the influence of humidity coming from the Black Sea and receives much less precipitation (in the form of snow) than in the Greater Caucasus mountains. On average, in winter, snow cover in the mountains of the Lesser Caucasus ranges from 10 to 30 cm. Heavy snowfalls are recorded in the mountains of the Greater Caucasus (in particular, on the southwestern slope). Avalanches are a frequent occurrence from November to April.
Snow cover in some regions (Svaneti, in the northern part of Abkhazia) can reach 5 meters. The Achishkho region is the snowiest place in the Caucasus, the snow cover of which reaches a depth of 7 meters.
Landscape
The Caucasus Mountains have a varied landscape that mostly varies vertically and depends on distance from large bodies of water. The region contains biomes ranging from subtropical low-level swamps and glacier forests (Western and Central Caucasus) to high mountain semi-deserts, steppes and alpine meadows in the south (mainly Armenia and Azerbaijan).
Oak, hornbeam, maple, and ash are common on the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus at lower elevations, while birch and pine forests predominate on the higher elevations. Some of the lowest areas and slopes are covered with steppes and meadows. 
On the slopes of the Northwestern Greater Caucasus (Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, etc.) they also contain spruce and fir forests. In the highland zone (about 2000 meters above sea level), forests predominate. Permafrost (glacier) usually starts at about 2800-3000 meters.
On the southeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus, beech, oak, maple, hornbeam and ash are common. Beech forests tend to dominate at higher altitudes.
On the southwestern slope of the Greater Caucasus, oak, beech, chestnut, hornbeam and elm are common at lower altitudes, coniferous and mixed forests (spruce, fir and beech) at higher altitudes. Permafrost begins at an altitude of 3000-3500 m.
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The mountains of the Caucasus, born in the collision of the Eurasian and Arabian plates, are like a symbol of the mentality of the peoples living next to them. Proud and tall, they stand as a miraculous wall between the Asian and European parts of our continent on land. Mankind has not decided whether to attribute them to Europe or Asia.
The height of the Caucasus Mountains: 5642 m (Great Caucasus) and 3724 m (Little Caucasus).
The length of the Greater Caucasus: 1100 km. small - 600 km.
Cm. geographical position Caucasus Mountains or where they are located and how they are located on the map. To enlarge the map of the Caucasus Mountains, just click on it.
Not crossed by rivers, the Caucasian ranges are called the watershed line. mountain system The Caucasus, the same age as the Alps, with a history of thirty million years, is firmly inscribed in the memory of mankind through biblical lines and Greek myths. It was on one of the mountains of the system that a dove released from Noah's ark found a branch, on top of Ararat. The legendary Prometheus, who gave fire to people, was chained to one of the Caucasian rocks.
The Caucasus is divided into two parts, which are called the Greater and Lesser Caucasus. The first stretches from Taman almost to Baku and consists of the Western, Central and Eastern Caucasus. One and a half thousand square kilometers of ice, the highest point of Eurasia - Elbrus (the peak of the Caucasus Mountains), an iron mountain, and six mountain peaks, five thousand kilometers high - that's what the Greater Caucasus is.
The Lesser Caucasus is mountain range near the Black Sea, with peaks up to four kilometers high.
The Caucasus Mountains are located between the Caspian and Black Sea coasts and simultaneously in several countries. These are Russia, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkey.
The climate of the Caucasus is diverse: from typically maritime in Abkhazia, it changes to sharply continental in Armenia.
The Caucasus is inhabited by unique animals - chamois, mountain goats, wild boars, in especially remote and hard-to-reach places you can meet a leopard or a bear.
Alpine meadow grasses, coniferous forests climbing up from the foothills, turbulent rivers, lakes, waterfalls, springs with mineral water, the cleanest air.
It is thanks to this successful combination of values for human health that the region great amount health resort establishments.
Rock climbers are attracted by the royal Elbrus and its neighbors - Shkhara, Kazbek, Dzhangitau, Dykhtau and Koshnantau. Among the snows of the Caucasus there is a place for skiers and snowboarders, lovers of hiking and thrill, adherents of rafting, as well as all those who value their health. Terrenkur, Norwegian walking, rock climbing, river rafting, skiing and many other activities active rest offers the Caucasus.
Once having visited the mountains, sung by the "genius of Lermontov", you will remember them for a lifetime.
Video: wild nature Russia 4 of 6 Caucasus mountains.
Video: Hiking in the Caucasus mountains.
The mountains of the Greater Caucasus are located between the Black and Caspian Seas, from the Taman to the Absheron Peninsula. The Caucasus is separated from the Russian Plain by the Kumo - Manych depression, on the site of which in the distant past there was a strait connecting the Black Sea and the Caspian sea pools. The Caucasus includes Ciscaucasia, the Greater Caucasus and Transcaucasia. Only Ciscaucasia and the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus belong to Russia. These parts are collectively called the North Caucasus.
Orographic map of the Caucasus. The orography of the Greater Caucasus is quite complex, but individual elements can be clearly distinguished here. From northwest to southeast The Greater Caucasus can be subdivided into three parts: Western, Central and Eastern Caucasus. The borders between them are Elbrus and Kazbek.
The Central Caucasus has the highest height exceeding m. About 15 of its peaks are covered with eternal snow and glaciers. This is the most mountainous and inaccessible region of Europe and Asia Minor. In the Greater Caucasus, four parallel ridges are clearly expressed, having a northwestern orientation. The axial ridge of the Greater Caucasus is the Main or Dividing Range.
Elbrus is the highest mountain in the Caucasus. The height of the Western peak is m, Eastern m ... And in their circle a two-headed colossus, In a crown of shining ice, Elbrus is huge, majestic Belel in the blue sky. A.S. Pushkin
Mount Elbrus with two peak craters was formed about a million years ago. It is also called the Two-Headed Mountain. First, after the eruptions, a peak appeared in the West, and after that in the East. The distance between the peaks is 1.5 km. Elbrus is covered with snow and ice, which determines the weather and climate of a significant area. There are only 77 glaciers, their area is 144.5 km2.
For the first time, a man climbed to the top of Elbrus in 1829, the pioneer was a Kabardian named Kilar Khashirov, who was the guide of the expedition of the Russian Academy of Sciences. And the first person who conquered two peaks at once was the Balkan hunter and shepherd Ahiya Sottaev. A man in his long life visited great sorrow nine times. He first climbed it at the age of forty, the last ascent he made in 1909, when he was one hundred and twenty-one years old.
The beauty of the Caucasus Mountains was sung by poets. Caucasus below me. Alone in the heights I stand above the snows at the edge of the rapids; An eagle, having risen from a distant peak, Soars motionless with me on a par. From here I see the birth of streams And the first movement of menacing avalanches. Here the clouds humbly walk under me; Through them, falling, waterfalls rustle; Beneath them cliffs naked masses; Down there, the moss is lean, the bush is dry; And there are already groves, green canopies, Where birds chirp, where deer jump. And there already people nest in the mountains, And sheep crawl along the green rapids, And the shepherd descends to the cheerful valleys ... A.S. Pushkin Terek howls, wild and vicious, Between the rocky masses, His cry is like a storm, Tears fly in sprays. But, running across the steppe, He took a sly look And, affably caressing, He murmurs to the Caspian Sea: “Part aside, O old sea, Give shelter to my wave! I walked in the open, It would be time for me to rest. I was always ready to argue with the alien power of man. For your sons' fun, I ruined the native Darial And boulders for them, for glory, I drove a whole herd. M.Yu.Lermontov
The climate of the Caucasus is warm and mild, except for the highlands. In the mountains and foothills there is: A large amount of precipitation in the mountains. A decrease in the duration of the warm season due to a decrease in air temperature with height, at an altitude of 3800 m, the border " eternal ice". The formation of avalanches due to heavy rainfall in winter. Climate diversity due to slope exposure, mountain heights, proximity or distance from the sea. The peculiarity of atmospheric circulation, the formation of local winds föhn (a dry, warm strong wind blowing gustyly from high mountains into the valleys) and bora (a cold gusty wind that occurs when a stream of cold air meets a hill on its way, overcoming which it falls into the valley).
The rivers of the Caucasus are divided into flat and mountainous. Stormy mountain rivers are especially numerous, the main source of their food is the melt water of glaciers and snowfields in the mountains, so the rivers are always cold. Only in the lower reaches such large rivers as the Kuban and Terek have a calm flow. There are vast swampy areas covered with reeds and reeds.
TEREK originates on mountain top Zilgakhokh in Georgia, flows into the Caspian Sea. The length of the river is 623 km, the basin area is km 2. The main tributaries are Ardon, Malka, Urukh and Sunzha. Upper Terek.
In the mountains of the Caucasus, the lower belt is occupied by broad-leaved forests, above are beech forests, which turn into mixed, then into spruce-fir forests. The upper border of the forest is at a height of m. Behind it are subalpine meadows, alpine meadows (pictured), then a high mountain belt, glaciers.
The vegetation of the Caucasus is rich in species composition and diversity. Number of plant species in the Caucasus more widespread Various types meadows and forests. Oriental beech, Caucasian hornbeam, Caucasian linden, noble chestnut grow here, there are also small evergreen trees and large shrubs - boxwood, cherry laurel, Pontic rhododendron, some species of oak and maple, wild persimmon, etc. The most important cultivated plants of the Caucasian subtropics are the tea bush and tangerines.
Animal world The fauna of the Caucasus, as well as its vegetation cover, is very diverse. In the Caucasus, there are brown Caucasian bears, lynxes, forest cats (found up to a height of 2000 meters), foxes, badgers, martens, deer, roe deer, wild boars, bison, chamois, mountain goats (tours), small rodents (forest dormouse, vole). Magpies chirp, thrushes whistle, cuckoos call, jays call to each other, wagtails fuss along streams, woodpeckers tap on the bark of tree trunks. Owls, eagle owls, starlings, crows, goldfinches, kingfishers, tits and other birds fly, and high in the mountains - Caucasian black grouse and mountain turkeys. You can also see large predators - golden eagle and lamb.
Interesting Facts The Caucasian and Teberdinsky reserves are located in the North Caucasus. Unique flora (yew, boxwood, walnut, noble chestnut) and fauna (tour, chamois, Caucasian deer, etc.) are protected here. Modern glaciation is widespread in the Greater Caucasus. The number of glaciers exceeds 2000, the glaciation area is 1424 km 2. Mount Fisht Glacier (2857 m) is the westernmost and lowest located in the Caucasus extinct volcano. The 2014 Winter Olympics will be held in the city of Sochi, located in Krasnodar Territory. The construction of Olympic facilities and infrastructure is already underway. It is accompanied by protests from environmentalists who fear for the safety of the unique biosphere of the North Caucasus.
