History of Cuba. The settlement of Cuba began in the fourth millennium BC. Apparently, the first inhabitants of the island moved there from the South and Central America. The Indians knew agriculture, grew corn and other food crops, hunted birds, rodents, hunted turtles and fish. By the time of the Spanish conquest of Cuba at the beginning of the 16th century, the bulk of the Indians lived in the conditions of the decay of the primitive communal system. On October 28, 1492, the first expedition of Columbus, which set off in search of rich overseas lands and marked the beginning of the era of the Great geographical discoveries, reached the northeast coast of Cuba. On the same day, he wrote in his diary that the eyes of man have never seen more beautiful than this island. In 1510 it began Spanish colonization Cuba. By 1514, the Spaniards had founded seven cities from the first capital of Baracoa in the far east to Havana. Later, all of them, except for Baracoa, changed their location. The colonization of the island was accompanied by the almost complete destruction of the Indians. They offered heroic resistance to the Spaniards under the leadership of their leaders - Atuey and Guama.

History The first European - Columbus Tribes guanahatabey and Arawaks. The Indians were engaged in hunting and farming. Revolution of 1953 As a result of many incidents and the victory of the revolution, the left-wing government headed by Fidel Castro gained power in Cuba, which then leaned towards building socialism. The ruling and only permitted party of the country is the Communist Party of Cuba.

The form of government is a socialist republic of a parliamentary type. The government consists of a state council and a council of ministers. The government is formed by the parliament of the republic, called the National Assembly of People's Power. Administratively, the republic is divided into 16 provinces, which include 169 municipalities. One of the municipalities - Khuventud - reports directly to the central authorities, the rest - to local administrative structures State structure

Foreign relations of Cuba Cuba's once ambitious foreign policy was curtailed as a result of economic hardship after the collapse of the Soviet bloc. Without major Soviet subsidies and its main trading partner, Cuba was comparatively isolated in the 1990s, but has since entered into bilateral cooperation with several South American countries, most notably Venezuela and Bolivia. The US continues the embargo "as long as it continues to refuse to move towards democratization and greater respect for human rights", while the European Union accuses Cuba of "continued violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms". Cuba has developed a growing relationship with China People's Republic and Russia. Overall, Cuba continues to have formal relations with 160 countries and has provided assistance to civilian workers - mostly medical - in more than 20 countries.

Geographic location and Administrative division From North America Cuba is separated by the Strait of Florida to the north and the Yucatan Strait to the west. Cuba is bordered by Haiti to the east, the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) to the west, the Florida Peninsula (USA) to the north, and Jamaica to the south. 1. Pinar del Rio (Spanish: Pinar del 6. Rio) 2. Artemisa (Spanish: Artemisa) 7. 3. City of Havana (Spanish: Ciudad de La Habana) 8. 4. Mayabeque (Spanish: Mayabeque) 5. Matanzas (Spanish Matanzas) 9. 10. Cienfuegos (Spanish Cienfueg 11. os) 12. Villa Clara (Spanish Villa 13. Clara) 14. Sancti. Spiritus (Spanish Sancti Spiritus) 15. Ciego de. Avila (Spanish Ciego de Avila) 16. Camagüey (Spanish Camagüey) Las Tunas (Spanish Las Tunas) Granma (Spanish Granma) Holguin (Spanish Holguin) Santiago de. Cuba (Spanish: Santiago de Cuba) Guantanamo (Spanish: Guantan amo) Isla de la Juventud (Spanish: Isla de la Juventud)

Location and relief Cuba is located at the junction of North, Central and South America, on the island of Cuba. The island is framed by reefs and other coral formations. The territory of Cuba is 110,860 km². The island stretches from west to east for 1250 km. In the south, Cuba is washed by the waters of the Caribbean Sea, in the northwest by the Gulf of Mexico, and in the northeast by the Atlantic Ocean. The relief of Cuba is predominantly flat. Hills and mountains occupy about a third of the territory. Three main mountain systems This is the Cordillera de. Guaniguanico in the west, Escambray in the central part and Sierra Maestra in the east.

Population The main demographic indicators of Cuba for 2016: Births: 119,822 people Deaths: 87,330 people Natural increase in population: 32,492 people Migration increase in population: -16,075 people Males: 5,742,226 people (as of December 31, 2016) Females : 5,674,921 people (est. December 31, 2016) Population of Cuba. 11. 39 million people (2015) Ethnic composition Cuba. 65% - descendants of Europeans, 20% - mulattoes, 12% - Africans, 1% - Chinese. Population of Cuba, million people

Religion in Cuba Most believers - Catholics (47%), Protestants (4%) and adherents of the so-called "Santeria" - a syncretic cult based on African pagan beliefs, mixed with the cult of some Christian saints. The church is separated from the state, freedom of religion is constitutionally guaranteed

Climate Cuba is located in the tropical climate zone, which is strongly influenced by the trade winds and the warm current of the Gulf Stream. average temperature in January it is 22.5 °C, in August - 27.8 °C. The average annual rainfall in the plains is 1000 - 1200 mm, and in the mountains it reaches 3800 mm. The rainy season lasts from May to October, with the heaviest rains occurring in June and October. Hurricanes are possible in autumn. The dry season lasts from November to April and is most pronounced in the flat areas of the south of the country (for example, in the Cauto River basin).

Water resources Almendares River in the western part of Cuba, length - 47 km. It flows to the northwest, flowing into the Strait of Florida near the city of Havana. On the banks of the river is the City Park of Havana, or Almendares Park, as well as numerous industrial enterprises, including the food and construction industries, breweries, gas storage facilities, and paper mills. In this regard, the leadership of Havana plans to clean up the river, including the introduction of water quality control, the closure and reorganization of enterprises, the reconstruction of the park, and the creation of a vast green zone along the river. Cauto River in Cuba in the provinces of Santiago de Cuba and Granma, the longest on the island. It is located in the southeastern part of the island. Originating in the Sierra Maestra, it flows west and northwest, emptying into the Gulf of Guacanaybo north of the city of Manzanillo. With a total length of 343 km, the river is navigable for only 110 km. downstream. The water is not suitable for drinking.

Economy Benefits: The tourism industry attracts foreign investors. Export of sugar and nickel. Elite cigars. The banking sector is strengthening. Oil rigs. Weak sides: due to US embargo, lack of access to important markets and investments. Acute currency deficit. Fluctuations in world prices for sugar and nickel. Complicated trade restrictions discourage investment. Bad infrastructure. Shortage of fuel, fertilizers and spare parts.

Agriculture The largest weight is occupied by cooperative forms of land use, and among them a special role is given to UBPS (Basic Units of Cooperative Production), which number about 2500 farms, produce 22% vegetables, 42% milk, 36% citrus fruits, 16% fruits, 38% rice, 22% coffee, 12% root vegetables and 7% tobacco. Much attention is also paid to cane crop production itself, the expansion of sown areas by best lands, bringing the maturity of the cane to the required limits. In order to create a reserve for future safras, the production of sugar per season is planned to be slightly below 4.3 million tons, and at the same time, planting in new areas will be intensified in compliance with advanced agrotechnical requirements.

Industry Sugarcane produces the largest crop in Cuba and has always provided the largest export item in the country's budget. Reed is grown throughout the island, but mainly in the eastern half. The government regulates the entire sugar industry and the prices of the final product. Sugar production reached 7.6 million tons in 1970, 7.9 million tons in 1979, 6.7 million tons in 1980 (pests reduced the yield of the year), 8 million tons in 1985 and 3.5 million tons in 1999. Cuba has mechanical cane harvesters, and by 1998 there were 7,400 of them. Cuba and Russia signed several financial and investment agreements in 1992 and 1993 that stipulated that Russia would supply fuel, spare parts, fertilizers, and herbicides in exchange for Cuba's sugar. Today, at least 2 million tons of Cuban sugar are imported into Russia annually. The sugar industry also provides the basis for other important species Cuban industry and export - production and export of molasses, ethyl alcohol, world-famous Cuban rum and other alcoholic beverages, chipboard production, yeast production. Tobacco is Cuba's second most important crop in terms of yield and export. The world-wide fame and glory of Cuban cigars lies primarily in the quality of Cuban tobacco, which cannot be grown of such quality and aroma without an appropriate microclimate. Tobacco is grown on small farms and requires intensive cultivation. 70% of all tobacco in Cuba is grown in the Province of Pinar del Rio. In the late 1970s, the average annual production of tobacco was about 35,000 tons per year, but crop disease in 1979 caused production to drop to 8,200 tons in 1980. Later, production was gradually restored to the level of 37,000 tons in 1999. Other major crops Crops are oranges (400,000 tons per year), lemon and lime (21,000 tons per year), grapefruit (300,000 tons per year) and rice (420,000 tons per year).

Tourism in Cuba attracts more than 2 million people annually and is one of the main sources of income for the island nation. Among the factors influencing the popularity of Cuba as a holiday destination is the high attractiveness of its natural, historical and cultural recreational resources. After the Cuban Revolution of 1959, interstate relations between Cuba and the United States deteriorated significantly. Since 1960, the United States has banned its citizens from visiting "Liberty Island" and placed an embargo on trade with Cuba. From 1960 to 1991, the Soviet Union provided significant economic support to Cuba. Free funds and resources were directed to the development of tourism infrastructure, which helped to attract the necessary investments from other countries to the island. All this led to the fact that the income from the tourism industry exceeded the traditional export industries of Cuba - the production of sugar, rum, cigars, fruits and fishing. Most of the tourists visiting Cuba come from Canada and European countries. Main tourism infrastructure(hotels, beaches, restaurants, etc.) is concentrated around Varadero, Cayo Coco, Holguin, as well as in the capital of the state - Havana.

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Presentation on the topic: Cuba

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The area of ​​the Republic of Cuba is 111,000 sq. km., including the island of Cuba - the largest in the West Indies and gave the name to the whole country. In the south, Cuba is washed by the waters of the Caribbean Sea. Bordered by Cuba in the northeast Bahamas, to the south of it are Haiti, Jamaica and the Cayman Islands, to the west the Yucatan Strait separates it from Mexico, and the Strait of Florida to the north from the United States of America. The island of Cuba stretches along the equator for 1200 km, its width varies from 30 to 190 km. An important element of the coast are coral reefs, atolls and numerous small islands. Cuban reefs are the third longest in the world.

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The surface of Cuba is characterized by lowlands located on limestone deposits of the Tertiary period. In the southwestern part of Cuba, the relief is changing: the Sierre Maestra mountain range stretches along the coast, consisting of masses of volcanic origin. Here is the most high point islands - Turkino peak (1974 m above sea level). In the region of the Zapata Peninsula there are extensive marshy lowlands. An important element of the coast are coral reefs, atolls and numerous small islands. Cuban reefs are the third longest in the world. Picturesque limestone lowlands predominate on the island of Cuba, and only small areas in the southwest, northwest and in the central part of the island are occupied by mountain ranges.

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Political structure The highest body of state power in the Republic of Cuba is the National Assembly of People's Power, elected for five years, endowed with legislative rights. The National Assembly elects the Council of State from among its deputies. The highest body of executive power is the Council of Ministers. The Chairman of the State Council and the Council of Ministers is the head of state. Administratively, Cuba is subdivided into 14 provinces, which in turn are divided into 169 municipalities, one of which - Juventud - is of central subordination. In Cuba, the slogan is popular: “The power of the people is really power! ". The supreme leading force of Cuban society and state is the Communist Party of Cuba.

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Flag The triangle is a symbol of freedom, equality and fraternity, and the three blue stripes represent the three parts into which the Spaniards divided Cuba. White symbolizes the purity of the aspirations of the revolutionaries and justice, red - the blood shed in the struggle for independence.

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Coat of arms The national emblem represents the island. It is designed like a leather shield and is divided into three sections. In its horizontal upper part there is a golden key between two mountains, the sun rising over the sea - which symbolizes the position of Cuba in the Gulf - Cuba is the key to the Gulf of Mexico, between the two Americas. The blue and white stripes at the bottom left represent the state's insular position during the colonial period. Right side, Cuban landscape, the royal palm is a symbol of the inflexible character of the Cuban people.

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Minerals According to the tectonic structure, Cuba is included in the Antilles-Caribbean region of the Cordillera fold belt. At the same time, it combines the folded structures of the Antilles island arcs and subplatform areas. Especially characteristic of Cuba is the wide distribution of young limestones. Currently, Cuba is in a zone of high seismicity (up to 7 points). The now heavily depleted copper deposits are associated with folded structures. There are also manganese ores, and bauxite deposits are possible. But the main mineral wealth of Cuba of world importance is the reserves of nickel ores combined with cobalt. Cuba is well endowed with raw materials for the building materials industry. Some coastal areas have signs of oil. The almost complete absence of fuel and energy resources creates great difficulties for economic development.

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Economy of Cuba. Positive sides. The main branch of the Cuban economy is the sugar industry. There are about 170 sugar refineries operating in the country. There are enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical industry, and two oil refineries. The light and food industries are developed. Famous Cuban cigars are produced by 6 tobacco factories. An important source of income is international tourism. The share of extractive industry in GDP is 3%. In terms of nickel ore reserves, Cuba ranks fifth in the world. Cobalt ore accounts for 26% of the world's reserves.

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Economy of Cuba. Negative sides. Due to the US embargo, lack of access to important markets and investments. Acute currency deficit. Fluctuations in world prices for sugar and nickel. Sophisticated trade restrictions and a lack of regulation discourage investment. Bad infrastructure. Shortage of fuel, fertilizers and spare parts.

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The climatic conditions and resources of Cuba are determined, first of all, by the position of the territory immediately south of the tropic, among the waters Atlantic Ocean, as well as the passage near the island of warm currents that form the Gulf Stream. Cuba has huge thermal resources of solar heat. Average monthly temperatures on the plains are always high: in January 22.5, in August 27.8. But fluctuations in extreme temperatures are quite significant. The average maximum temperature on the plains exceeds 30.

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Humidity Relatively high annual precipitation - 1380mm. The year is not divided into 4 seasons, but into 2 seasons - dry, rainy. The rainy season usually lasts from May to October. The dry season usually starts in November and ends in April. This is the period of greatest economic activity, as it is the season for cutting and processing sugar cane. High humidity is typical for the climatic conditions of all regions of the country. The average relative humidity of the air is 79%. In combination with constant high temperatures, very high air humidity has a generally unfavorable effect. Humidity oppresses a person. The climate of Cuba requires special processing (tropicalization) of all industrial products and structures. On the whole climatic conditions in Cuba it is much more favorable than in most other, especially continental tropical countries.

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Animal world The fauna of Cuba, due to its insular position, is rather poor. In addition, it has suffered greatly as a result of human activities. There are no predatory animals and poisonous snakes in Cuba, there are many bats, a very rich species composition of birds, insects and terrestrial mollusks, a diverse species composition of fish, sea turtles, many shrimps and lobsters.

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Main religion: Catholicism, various African religions are common. Holidays January 1-2 - Liberation Day (victory of the Cuban revolution in 1959). May 1 - International Workers' Day, Labor Day. July 26 - National Revolt Day (attack on the Moncada barracks in Santiago de Cuba, July 25 and 27 are also days off). October 10 - Anniversary of the beginning of the wars for independence from Spanish rule, Day of Cuban Culture. December 25 - Christmas.

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History of Cuba The settlement of Cuba began in the fourth millennium BC. Apparently, the first inhabitants of the island moved there from South and Central America. The Indians knew agriculture, grew corn and other food crops, hunted birds, rodents, hunted turtles and fish. By the time of the Spanish conquest of Cuba at the beginning of the 16th century, the bulk of the Indians lived in the conditions of the decay of the primitive communal system. On October 28, 1492, the first expedition of Columbus, which set off in search of rich overseas lands and marked the beginning of the era of the Great Geographical Discoveries, reached the Northeast coast of Cuba. On the same day, he wrote in his diary that the eyes of man have never seen more beautiful than this island. In 1510, the Spanish colonization of Cuba began. By 1514, the Spaniards had founded seven cities from the first capital of Baracoa in the far east to Havana. Later, all of them, except for Baracoa, changed their location. The colonization of the island was accompanied by the almost complete destruction of the Indians. They offered heroic resistance to the Spaniards under the leadership of their leaders - Atuey and Guama.

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Suppressed revolution In the life of every country there are several names and dates associated with the most glorious pages of history. One such milestone in Cuban history is October 10, 1868, when the patriot Carlos Manuel De Cespedes raised all his compatriots in revolt against Spanish rule. For ten years, from 1868 to 1878, the Cuban rebels fought the Spanish under the slogan "Independence or Death!". On April 10, 1869, the first Constitution of Cuba was adopted. She proclaimed the freedom of Negro slaves. Many thousands of blacks became rebels. But Cuba could not win. Among the reasons for the defeat were the inconsistency of the leaders, the heterogeneity of the composition of the rebels and the disunity of various regions of the country. In addition, the Spaniards had about 20 times more troops than the rebels.

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End of Spanish domination Cuban patriots did not stop fighting for independence. Jose Marti became the ideologists, organizers and inspirers of this struggle. In 1892 he created the first revolutionary party. In April 1895, detachments of Jose Marti landed in Cuba and launched active military operations. On May 19, Jose died in a battle with the Spaniards. But the struggle continued, covering all new areas of the country. On September 16, 1895, the rebels proclaimed the creation of the Cuban Republic and its separation from Spain. The war of 1895-1898 was an ordeal for the Cuban people.

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As a result of a coup d'état on March 10, 1952, Fulgencio Batista came to power in Cuba, who established a military-police dictatorship in the country. The coup caused discontent among progressive youth, the most radical group of which was headed by a young lawyer and aspiring politician Fidel Castro Ruz. On July 26, 1953, a group of rebels, counting on the support of the broad masses, led by Fidel Castro, stormed the fortified barracks of Moncada in Santiago de Cuba. After a two-hour battle, the rebel detachment was defeated, many revolutionaries were killed, the rest were put on trial. Although all the defendants received long terms imprisonment (Fidel Castro was sentenced to 15 years), under public pressure, Batista soon had to amnesty the rebels.

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The first steps of the revolution During the first three months, the position of the revolutionaries remained critical, but they managed to win the trust of the inhabitants of the region and organize significant military pressure on the local military garrisons. In addition to fighting in the countryside, M-26, with the help of sympathetic elements in the student community and the armed forces, organized several performances in the cities, which, however, did not have much significance. The fact that the Batista government during this period of time was in strained relations with the main economic partner and military supplier of Cuba at that time, the United States, helped the rebels significantly.

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In the summer of 1958, the strategic initiative passed to the side of the revolutionaries. By autumn, the provinces of Oriente and Las Villas were almost entirely under the control of the rebels. On January 1, 1959, rebel troops entered Santiago, at the same time, in the west, rebels led by Che Guevara captured the city of Santa Clara. Although the situation did not yet seem catastrophic for the regime, on the same day Batista left the island, after which the administration he left effectively ceased to exist. On January 2, rebel detachments entered Havana; on January 6, Fidel Castro solemnly arrived in the capital.

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The Cuban revolution, already at its initial stage, completely restored national sovereignty, destroyed the bourgeois state apparatus, abolished the omnipotence of the US monopolies and the regime of exploitation of the working people of town and country. In 1959-1960, industry, transport, banks, and trade were nationalized in Cuba, as well as measures were taken to eliminate unemployment, transfer housing to workers and improve their working and living conditions.

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Cuba has achieved enormous, universally recognized successes in the social field. In December 1875, the first congress of the Cuban Communist Party was held in Havana. On February 24, 1976, the constitution of socialist Cuba came into force. In 1978, the 11th World Festival of Youth and Students was held in Cuba. In 1980, the first Cuban cosmonaut flew into space. The US plans to isolate Cuba failed. Cuba maintains diplomatic relations with more than 100 states.

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The largest of the islands of the states of the Caribbean region, the Republic of Cuba occupies the island of the same name off the coast of the continent. Cuban poets compare their island to a green lizard lying on the blue of the ocean.

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The Triangle Flag is a symbol of freedom, equality and fraternity, and the three blue stripes represent the three parts into which the Spaniards divided Cuba. White symbolizes the purity of the aspirations of the revolutionaries and justice, red - the blood shed in the struggle for independence.

Coat of arms - The national coat of arms represents the island. It is designed like a leather shield and is divided into three sections. In its horizontal upper part there is a golden key between two mountains, the sun rising over the sea - which symbolizes the position of Cuba in the Gulf - Cuba is the key to the Gulf of Mexico, between the two Americas. The blue and white stripes at the bottom left represent the state's insular position during the colonial period. Right side, Cuban landscape, the royal palm is a symbol of the inflexible character of the Cuban people.

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In the south, Cuba is washed by the waters of the Caribbean Sea. Cuba is bordered by the Bahamas to the northeast, Haiti, Jamaica and the Cayman Islands to the south, the Yucatan Strait to the west from Mexico, and the Florida Strait to the north from the United States of America. The island of Cuba stretches along the equator for 1200 km, its width varies from 30 to 190 km. An important element of the coast are coral reefs, atolls and numerous small islands. Cuban reefs are the third longest in the world.

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Climate

The climatic conditions and resources of Cuba are determined, first of all, by the position of the territory immediately south of the tropic, in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, as well as by the passage of warm currents near the island that form the Gulf Stream. Cuba has huge thermal resources of solar heat. Average monthly temperatures on the plains are always high: in January 22.5, in August 27.8. But fluctuations in extreme temperatures are quite significant. The average maximum temperature on the plains exceeds 30.

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Tectonic structure and minerals

According to the tectonic structure, Cuba is included in the Antilles-Caribbean region of the Cordillera fold belt. At the same time, it combines the folded structures of the Antilles island arcs and subplatform areas. Especially characteristic of Cuba is the wide distribution of young limestones. Currently, Cuba is in a zone of high seismicity (up to 7 points). The now heavily depleted copper deposits are associated with folded structures. There are also manganese ores, and bauxite deposits are possible. But the main mineral wealth of Cuba of world importance is the reserves of nickel ores combined with cobalt. Cuba is well endowed with raw materials for the building materials industry. Some coastal areas have signs of oil. The almost complete absence of fuel and energy resources creates great difficulties for economic development.

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Animal world

The fauna of Cuba, due to its insular position, is rather poor. In addition, it has suffered greatly as a result of human activities. There are no predatory animals and poisonous snakes in Cuba, there are many bats, a very rich species composition of birds, insects and terrestrial mollusks, a diverse species composition of fish, sea turtles, many shrimps and lobsters.

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Holidays

New Year-b Most of the Cuban population professes Catholicism, but Catholic Christmas in December is not celebrated here as brightly as, for example, in Europe. This is due to strict prohibitions associated with the communist past of the republic. It was forbidden to celebrate Christmas as a religious holiday here until 1998.

But the New Year is celebrated here cheerfully - after the New Year's dinner with the family, Cubans and guests of the Island of Freedom go out to the squares or beaches and have fun until the morning - fortunately, the hot climate contributes to this much more than ours. On New Year's Eve, you can go to a disco, a concert, walk the streets big cities(where new year holidays celebrated most brightly) or celebrate a holiday on the beach, admiring the stars.

havana carnival- held on weekends from July 15 to August 15.

The main actions of the Havana Carnival take place on the capital's Malecon embankment. There, dressed in enchanting costumes, participants have fun, drink and dance from morning to night. Huge platforms move along the main street of the city, on which various carnival teams from all over Cuba compete in brightness and rhythm. Carnival participants prepare costumes, dances and shows for almost the whole year in order to become the best at this carnival procession.

The highlight of the Havana Carnival is the procession of giant figures that represent Cuban politicians. Music is heard everywhere, salutes and fireworks are exploding. So if you want to participate in this unique holiday of soul and heart, then go to Cuba from July to August.

Carnival in Santiago de Cuba

At the end of July, another carnival takes place - not in Havana, but in Santiago de Cuba. During the days of the carnival, festive processions pass through the streets of the city, fireworks sound and music plays, and hot Cuban boys and girls dance so contagiously that all tourists are instantly drawn into this celebration of life. And hot exotic cocktails give them inspiration to dance until the morning.

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FLAG The triangle is a symbol of freedom, equality and fraternity, and the three blue stripes represent the three parts into which the Spaniards divided Cuba. ARMS The national coat of arms represents the island. It is designed like a leather shield and is divided into three sections.

CLIMATE Cuba has huge thermal resources of solar heat. Average monthly temperatures on the plains are always high: in January 22.5, in August 27.8. But fluctuations in extreme temperatures are quite significant. The average maximum temperature on the plains exceeds 30.

According to the tectonic structure, Cuba is included in the Antilles-Caribbean region of the Cordillera fold belt. Cuba is well endowed with raw materials for the building materials industry. But the main mineral wealth of Cuba of world importance is the reserves of nickel ores combined with cobalt. Some coastal areas have signs of oil. The almost complete absence of fuel and energy resources creates great difficulties for economic development. Tectonic structure and minerals

ANIMAL WORLD The fauna of Cuba due to its insular position is rather poor. There are no predatory animals and poisonous snakes in Cuba, there are many bats, a very rich species composition of birds, insects and terrestrial mollusks, a diverse species composition of fish, sea turtles, many shrimps and lobsters.

The famous Cuban cigars are produced by 6 tobacco factories An important source of income is international tourism In terms of nickel ore reserves, Cuba ranks 5th in the world Medicine at the highest level with low cost of services Cobalt ore accounts for 26% of world reserves The main branch of the economy is the sugar industry (about 170 sugar mills) STRENGTHS

Economy of Cuba. Negative sides. Due to the US embargo, lack of access to important markets and investments. Acute currency deficit. Fluctuations in world prices for sugar and nickel. Sophisticated trade restrictions and a lack of regulation discourage investment. Bad infrastructure. Shortage of fuel, fertilizers and spare parts.

Main religion: Catholicism, various African religions are common. Most of the people living in the country are Cubans. In addition to them, on the island you can easily meet "neighbors" from Haiti, Chinese, Jews, Americans, Japanese and Europeans.

Information for the presentation of Cuba

Cuba is known all over the world under another romantic name "Freedom Island", although this unofficial name is Island state has been used only since 1959, when the revolution led by Fidel Castro won on the island. Today Cuba is a developed socialist state with a population of about 12 million people.

Cuba is located on the island of the same name and many other small islands that are part of the Greater Antilles. Most of the country is the island of Cuba, with an area of ​​approximately 105 thousand square kilometers. Other islands of the Cuban state make up less than 5% of its territory. It should be noted that as a result of the conflict between Spain and the United States, the Americans received the right to own a small piece of land Guantanamo, where today the world-famous military base is located. Cuba is washed on all sides by the caribbean, and its beaches located almost along the entire coast of the country are the best in the world.

All beaches of the Cuban coast are free and are the property of the local municipality. Only a few hotels have small sections of the coast assigned to them, on which local residents are not allowed.

Cuba has an amazing warm and mild climate due to its geographic location. Cuba is separated from the US state of Florida only by the small Florida Strait, which is 153 km wide. A warm current passes on the surface of the strait, which is part of the Gulf Stream. Warm sea ​​currents, passing along the coast of the island, even in winter, provide a water temperature on Cuban beaches of at least 22 C, and in summer this figure is 27-29 C. The Cuban climate as a whole is tropical trade winds, which leads to a clear division into 2 seasons: dry and rainy. Rains occur in Cuba during the period from May to October, dry, sunny weather reigns here from November to April.

Weather in Cuba

Cuba is separated from the Yucatan Peninsula, which is Mexican territory, by a short distance by sea. The island of Cuba is also surrounded by heavenly places, including Jamaica, the Bahamas and Dominican Republic. Cuba is separated from these places by small straits with a width of 70-160 km.

In clear weather, from the coast of Cuba, located in the north, you can see Florida, because the distance to it is no more than 150 km. The proximity of America haunts illegal immigrants crossing the strait in their makeshift boats.

The flight time to Liberty Island is approximately 12 hours. From Russia, direct flights are operated by Aeroflot and Transaero airlines, whose aircraft land in Havana and Varadero North resort town Cuba, whose beaches are the best in this part of the world, which was recognized by UNESCO. Regular flights to Cuba are made only from two Russian cities St. Petersburg and Moscow. Many charter flights also make departures from the capital's airports, which is why travelers should take care of finding convenient connecting flights in advance.