The introduction in Russia of the institution of entrepreneurship and the Federal Law "On the procedure for leaving Russian Federation and entry into the Russian Federation” dated August 15, 1996 gave a powerful impetus to the generation of large-scale tourist flows.

The Ural region was no exception. Organizations of the tourism industry are being created that provide their services and organize tours in Russia and abroad. Comfortable hotels offer accommodation services for guests of the Urals both from Russia and foreign tourists and delegations.

Geographical position The Urals, its natural and economic resources and attractions attract thousands of tourists every year. The focus of activities of enterprises in the tourism sector are regional centers: Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Izhevsk, Orenburg, Kurgan. These cities are attractive both for leisure tourists and for business trips to the region. Since the regional centers represent large industrial formations and the most important transport hubs. Political-administrative, organizational-economic, cultural-educational, scientific-research activities are concentrated in them.

The Ural Mountains are also attractive for visiting guests of the region with their fantasticness and beauty. They separate the North from the South, separate the rivers flowing to the North from the rivers flowing to the South, and are themselves the source of many of them.

Also attract tourists are mines and mines located in the Urals, extracting precious metals and stones. As well as industrial enterprises. But besides this, there are various historical, cultural and scientific sights of the Urals.

For example, the great Russian composer P.I. Tchaikovsky, after whom the city is named Perm region. As a scientific center, the Urals is famous for its research and design institutes, which are closely connected with the life of the region, as well as Siberia and other regions of our country. All this, all the sights and values ​​of the Urals arouse great interest and attract tourists, as well as expanding business ties and cooperation. Which, in turn, leads to investments in the tourism sector of the Urals.

The tourism sector is an important component of the economic activity of the Urals, as well as Russia as a whole. In light of the current economic difficulties in the country, and directly in the Ural region, due to the reduction of heavy industry enterprises, many people were left without work. Tourism, on the other hand, provides employment for the local population, the loading of hotels and hotels, restaurants and entertainment events, and the inflow of foreign currency.

Since the tourism industry in the Urals is relatively young and developing, a significant amount of effort and money has been directed to its development. To date, hotels, boarding houses are being built in the Urals, various entertainment establishments are opening. For a better service, to meet the European standard, the aspect of training and education of personnel is very important. Work is underway in the field of cooperation between state tourism enterprises and the private sector in order to implement necessary training personnel.

Thus, tourism is based on the exploitation of local tourist resources, which leads to additional income in the Urals and in the country as a whole.

After a deep economic crisis that came in connection with the exhaustion of the potential of the socialist system, the collapse of the Soviet Union and the implementation of systemic economic reforms, the Urals, like the whole of Russia, is embarking on the path of stabilization and economic growth on a new socio-economic basis.

One of the prerequisites for the development of the Ural region is investment in the so-called human capital. Most economists believe that investing in human capital is now more important than investing in physical assets. Since the presence of fixed capital without human capital does not guarantee prosperity.

Resources are another prerequisite. Although natural wealth is not regarded as a key factor in economic growth, however, the possession of large reserves of non-renewable resources is a huge advantage over other regions of Russia. The high availability of natural resources in the Urals creates good conditions for the development of a competitive raw material sector.

Resource industries - primarily the production of oil, gas and non-ferrous metals - have the greatest chance of success in Russian economic development. In the primary sectors, production is falling much more slowly than in the industry as a whole. The production of gas, aluminium, gold and diamonds practically did not decrease. The oil and gas industries are profitable and provide the lion's share of budget revenues in the form of income taxes, rent payments, and export taxes. In general, the raw material sector of the Urals is today the most competitive of all industries and has the best chance of attracting large foreign investment.

The prospects for the development of industry, heavy engineering and light industry, are still at a low level. The revival is possible on a completely new technical basis.

Since the country's economy as a whole faces the most important task - improving the sectoral structure, characterized by a high share of fuel and raw materials industries with a relatively low share of the sector of high-tech, knowledge-intensive industries and services. Then in the most important economic structures of the Urals there is an increase in the share, for example, of the electric power industry, fuel industries, metallurgy, which make up the country's export potential.

In ferrous metallurgy, in the structure of raw materials in the production of steel, the share of steel scrap decreases and the share of a less economical type of raw material - cast iron increases.

In the future, the Ural region is expected to increase output in the fuel and energy complex, metallurgy and the food industry.

In the development of the fuel and energy complex, it is planned to increase the share of natural gas, deepen oil refining, gradually increase coal production, and upgrade worn-out power equipment. In the metallurgical complex, structural changes will be associated with the introduction of energy and resource-saving technologies. In mechanical engineering and metalworking, it is planned to expand the production of technological equipment, improve the structure of production of trucks in terms of the type of fuel consumed by increasing the share of vehicles with diesel engines, and expand the production of modern Vehicle etc. In the defense industry, the most valuable elements of the production potential will be preserved and the development of the latest weapons at a limited number of enterprises will be supported. This will preserve the best resources of the military-economic potential of the Ural region.

To maintain the competitiveness of the light industry, a number of measures are planned to reduce costs in the industry and expand the range of its products.

Another prerequisite for the development of the Ural region is the attraction of foreign investment. The prospect of a significant increase in foreign investment is also evidenced by specific facts of the expansion of foreign investors in many sectors of the economy. Significant investment is expected in the gold mining industry. But especially significant investments are made in the oil industry.

The previously issued license - permits for prospecting, exploration and production of minerals - takes the form of an agreement-contract with a clear definition of the rights and obligations of the parties and sanctions in case of violation of the obligations assumed by the person who received the license. Licenses cover the entire cycle - from the study and exploration of resources to their extraction. It is planned to maintain stability of conditions during the entire period of validity of the licenses, regardless of possible adverse changes in tax or other legislation.

Of course, one cannot rule out the fact that not all of the current plans of foreign investors will be implemented. It should also be borne in mind that the expected capital investments, for example, in the extraction of oil and gas will not be realized immediately, but over a number of years.

In general, the most important problem has been and remains the creation of the necessary conditions for free private initiative both in the industrial and production complex and in the field of Agriculture and other areas of activity. What should be achieved in the future.

2.2 Characteristics of the tourism market infrastructure Sverdlovsk region

The Sverdlovsk region - the most important industrial region of Russia - has relatively favorable recreational and tourist resources Yekaterinburg as a tourist center: The concept of tourism development in Yekaterinburg A.M. Gorky, 2000. .

Favorable geographical position on the border of Europe and Asia, relative political stability, diversity historical heritage, high intellectual and cultural potential determine the favorable long-term prospects for the development of the recreational and tourist complex of the Sverdlovsk region.

The city of Yekaterinburg is the main tourist center of the region, a zone of accelerated tourist development. The regional center has a high economic, cultural, historical, scientific potential, has a developed transport network ( international Airport, Train Station, bus station), the highest density of tourist infrastructure facilities.

However, despite the significant recreational and tourist potential, the existing material base of the recreation and tourism sector is currently characterized by a high degree of physical and moral deterioration. Up to 60% of fixed assets of local hotel and specialized accommodation facilities need to be modernized Ural Tourist Server www.utravel.ru .

As of August 1, 2010, there are 436 travel agents, 57 tour operators and 24 firms specializing in domestic tourism in the Sverdlovsk region. official website of the Ministry of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism of the Sverdlovsk Region www. midural.ru

There are 240 operating in Yekaterinburg travel companies(2% of the total number of Russian travel agencies), 32 of them specialize in inbound tourism. Yekaterinburg is the third most popular tourist city in Russia.) www.travel.ru.

Among large firms with a service volume of more than 1000 people and a sales volume of more than 1 million. rub. firms that are engaged in tour operator and travel agency activities at the same time prevail in the year.

"right">Table 2

Travel companies with a volume of service of more than 1000 people. per year Ural Tourist Server www.utravel.ru

Name	Activities	Location
Tour operators
Aeromost Plus	Outbound international tourism, air tickets	Yekaterinburg, Lenina avenue, 28
	Outbound tourism: USA and other countries of the world	Ekaterinburg, Tolmacheva, 10
"Grineks Ekaterinburg"	Outbound tourism: Spain, Turkey, etc.	Yekaterinburg, Lenina, 5/2
Jazz travel	Outbound tourism: UAE, Canary Islands, Thailand, about. Bali	Ekaterinburg, Lenina, 24/8; Lenina, 36
	Reception and excursion service in the Sverdlovsk region, all types of international and domestic tourism	Ekaterinburg, Proletarian, 3
Continent-intour	Outbound and domestic tourism
	Outbound and domestic tourism	Yekaterinburg, Sverdlov 11-A, 144
	Elite and exotic outbound tourism	Ekaterinburg, Kuibyshev, 44
"Pilgrim"	Religious and domestic tourism in the Urals	Verkhoturye, hotel
"Satellite"	International and domestic tourism, air ticket offices, visa support	Ekaterinburg, Pushkin, 5
NTTB Sputnik	International and domestic tourism, air ticket offices	Nizhny Tagil, Lenina 28A
fast and furious plus	International tourism, shopping tours	Yekaterinburg, Pushkin, 2
Peace Foundation	Outbound tourism	Ekaterinburg, Khokhryakova, 25
	Outbound tourism, organization of children's recreation	Ekaterinburg, May Day, 104
travel agents
Victoria LTD	International and domestic tourism	Nizhny Tagil, Lenina 17
Calypso Tour	Domestic medical and health tourism	Ekaterinburg, Popova, 4a
	Shopping tours and tours for holidays in China	Ekaterinburg, Generalskaya 6
"Russian holidays"	International tourism: UAE and other countries	Ekaterinburg, Radishcheva, 4-1

Sverdlovsk travel agencies have become more actively involved in traditional Moscow international exhibitions.

The structure of the market is clearly dominated by domestic tourism - 92.7%, inbound international tourism is 2.9% of the total volume of services, outbound international tourism - 4.4%.

The volume of sales of services to the population by sanatorium-improving, hotel and tourist organizations of the Sverdlovsk region in 2009. amounted to 1919.5 million rubles official server of the Ministry of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism of the Sverdlovsk Region www.midural.ru.

The growth in the volume of sales of recreation and tourism services, along with an increase in their importance in the consumer market, leads to the fact that tourism industry enterprises play an increasingly prominent role in the foreign economic activity of the region. Nevertheless, the role of tourism, as the most profitable export item on the world market, successfully competing with the export of oil and cars, is clearly underestimated in the regional market.

Inbound tourism by destinations is not as diverse as outbound tourism. The EU countries remain in first place in terms of inbound tourism. Most often the Sverdlovsk region was visited by tourists from the UK, France, Spain, Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, Finland, the Czech Republic, Israel. The flow of arrivals mainly for business purposes from China and South Korea official website of the Ministry of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism of the Sverdlovsk Region www. midural.ru.

The presence of a rich cultural and natural potential allows the Sverdlovsk region to gain serious positions in the tourism market in the case of state support for the development of the industry at the regional level. The forms of such support vary from direct investments directed to the formation of tourism infrastructure, expenditures on personnel training, scientific and advertising and information support for the promotion of the regional tourism product in Russian and international market until the creation of a preferential tax regime for those economic entities that are engaged in the production and sale of a tourist product for priority types of tourism - inbound and domestic.

The weakest link in the system of state regulation in the field of tourism and recreation of the Sverdlovsk region at present is the lack of a system for promoting the regional tourism product, which does not contribute to the growth of a sustainable tourist flow directed to the Sverdlovsk region.

There is also a shortage of qualified specialists in the industry, especially in terms of servicing tourists arriving in the Sverdlovsk region.

The specific problems of realizing the recreational and tourist potential of the Sverdlovsk region include: the clash of interests of urbanization and recreation with the expansion of industrial and civil development zones; lack of an effective system for regulating recreational loads on natural complexes of already existing recreation areas; infrastructural disorder of transport communications, insufficient professional training of tourism personnel.

The existing infrastructure base does not meet the needs of modern tourism, there are no favorable conditions for investment in the construction and reconstruction of hotels and specialized accommodation facilities (health resorts) and the improvement of roads and tourist display facilities.

It is necessary to use the existing tourism potential more effectively, revive the regional tourism market, strengthen the material base of the tourism infrastructure, reduce the shortage of qualified personnel and obtain the necessary support for tourism development from the regional government.

In order to develop tourism in the Sverdlovsk region, a medium-term tourism development program has been adopted. In case of successful implementation of the medium-term program, conditions will be created to stimulate the attraction of extra-budgetary domestic and foreign investments for the period up to 2015.

The main socio-economic effect of the Program is to create conditions to meet the needs of various categories of the region's population for a good rest in accordance with the demand, to familiarize the younger generation with the cultural and historical values ​​accumulated in the region.

Compared to the all-Russian indicators, the share of domestic tourism in the Middle Urals is slightly higher than the all-Russian indicator.

Reasons: relative remoteness of the Ural region from the borders of the Russian Federation; the growth rates of money incomes of the population in the Urals Federal District are ahead of the average Russian figures.

Foreign citizens who register with the Federal Migration Service of the Russian Federation for the Sverdlovsk Region represent mainly the CIS countries. The main flow from abroad arrives in the region for private purposes (in search of employment) - 71.3% of the total number of those registered in 2005, 75.4% - in 2006 and 71.3% - in 2007. Citizens of the CIS countries among them in recent years account for up to 98-99%. On the contrary, the proportion of representatives of non-CIS countries is high among those who indicate during registration such purposes of arrival as business / professional or tourist interest, the official server of the Ministry of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism of the Sverdlovsk Region www.midural.ru.

"right">Table 3

Registered foreign citizens (according to the Federal Migration Service of the Russian Federation for the Sverdlovsk Region) official server of the Ministry of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism of the Sverdlovsk Region www.midural.ru

In 2007, out of 100,987 people, only 25,000 became hotel guests. A considerable number of foreigners live in other places - in apartments, recreation centers, etc. The average duration of their stay is also less than 3 days - therefore, they may legally not be registered with the Federal Migration Service.

While maintaining the current network parameters of accommodation facilities - specialized and hotel enterprises, it is necessary to modernize the number of rooms and exclude the operation of rooms without amenities, for which it is necessary to reconstruct 3.7 rooms for 6 thousand places of health-improving organizations and 1.2 thousand rooms of hotel enterprises. The minimum total investment required to bring accommodation facilities up to demand is 850 million rubles, of which 550 million rubles. - reconstruction of specialized accommodation facilities, 300 thousand rubles. - reconstruction of the hotels "Big Ural", "Sverdlovsk", "Hotel Ekaterinburg-Central", "EvrAsia" UralItarTass.www.ural.ru.

In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in arrivals to the countryside.

This led to an increase in the number of places in suburban collective accommodation facilities, an increase in the average provision of a hotel fund in rural areas and resulted in a significant increase in overnight stays outside cities.

"right">Table 4

The ratio of quantitative indicators of urban and suburban collective general-purpose accommodation facilities official server of the Ministry of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism of the Sverdlovsk Region www.midural.ru

Total number of accommodation facilities:
Incl. in urban/rural areas
Number of seats: total / urban / rural	7695 / 7610 / 85	8068 / 7991 / 77	7958 / 7893 / 65	9209 / 8545 / 664	10 944 / 10224 / 720
Average provision (places per 1000 inhabitants): total / in urban / rural areas
Number of overnight stays, thousand: total / in urban / rural areas	1205,9 / 1203,5 / 2,4	1074,3 / 1073,7 / 0,6	1200,2 / 1199,3 / 0,9	1208,9 / 1117,9 / 91,0	1593,5 / 1465,9 / 127,6

In terms of consumption of tourist services, the market of the Sverdlovsk region last year amounted to 11.5 billion rubles. This is almost 9 percent of the total volume of all paid services provided in the region.

Today, more than 75 thousand people are employed in the Middle Urals in the field of tourism and related industries. These are travel agents and tour agencies, hotel enterprises, sanatorium-resort complex, museum objects. There are three natural park, 60 recreation centers, 93 enterprises of the sanatorium and resort sector, 15 ski resorts. Some of them are literally all-Russian popularity. For example, routes to Bazhov places, places associated with the history of the Romanov family, Orthodox shrines in the Urals, travel to the border of Europe and Asia, to the natural park "Deer Streams".

According to the plans of the authorities, the number of tourists visiting the Sverdlovsk region annually by 2020 should reach at least 2 million 200 thousand people. But this, of course, requires further development of the industry. New projects have already been developed or are being developed. One of the most ambitious is the creation in Yekaterinburg of the International exhibition center, an amusement park similar to Disneyland, but with Russian and Ural styles, as well as medical and recreational complexes near the village of Sarana in the Krasnoufimsky district and in the region of Tavda and Turinsk. Concept for the development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Sverdlovsk region until 2025// http://www.goural.ru/planing/455

The strategic goal of the state policy in the field of tourism development in the Sverdlovsk region is aimed at ensuring, through a balanced and sustainable development of the tourism industry, a high-quality and affordable tourism product and the development of existing tourism resources of the Sverdlovsk region.

Geographic conditions as a tourism factor in the Sverdlovsk region

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Fascinating travel journey Ural mountains it is simply a paradise for tourists: river rafting, hiking, descents into caves, extreme tourism in the air, on the water and in the mountains. We will help you choose a popular tour or create a new direction, we will give helpful tips and show interesting photo trips and video reports.

Tourism in the Urals

Tourist hiking and water tourism, as well as speleological exploration of caves that allow you to dive into the bowels of our planet and reveal the secrets of the underworld with your own eyes.

How pleasant is the physical fatigue of a mortal body during rest - after a whole day of hiking with a backpack through a green forest, hills or mountains, how many thoughts you change your mind while walking in the natural habitat of a person, which is not an artificial man-made city. Wildlife with springs, rivers, forests and mountains - this is a real cozy home for life.

And now you are so tired in the evening after a delicious dinner with a pleasant heaviness in your stomach, you are sitting near the fire, around which heartfelt conversations are being held, exposing the hearts of people and removing masks from their faces. Then you direct your gaze to the night sky, there, under the firmament, a stunning view opens up - thousands of stars in the darkness of the universe draw mysterious constellations, then the realization comes that for the sake of this moment it was worth going on a hike and enduring difficulties all day on the road. Hiking is quite developed in the Ural region, you can go hiking in summer and winter, as there are many mountains and natural monuments that impress with their splendor and beauty, changing their appearance depending on the season, making the travel route more interesting, unforgettable.

There are also many rivers in the Urals that are suitable for water tourism (for kayaking and rafting), which attract travelers from different countries for getting thrill when overcoming the dangerous rapids of the reservoir, as well as enjoying the contemplation of the amazing landscape. Most of the rivers are of the first and second category of complexity. The rivers are available for rafting from mid-May to September. For speleologists in the Urals, there are many caves and grottoes for which people who are passionate about underground travel have compiled speleological routes, some of which have a length of tens or even hundreds of kilometers. Since the Urals are large and beautiful, we decided to describe routes for walking and water sports tourism, as well as caves for speleologists. This information will be useful for those who like to combine extreme sports and nature tourism.

The Ural region is the easternmost region of the Center of Russia. It occupies the mountains of the Urals, Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals. Administratively, it includes the Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk regions, Bashkiria and the eastern part of Udmurtia. Characterization of the recreational and tourist potential of the region involves highlighting the features of the assessment of socio-economic parameters, and recreational and tourist resources of the Ural region: The region is politically stable, it is in the leading political positions in the Russian Federation in terms of initiative and legislative activity. The Ural region is rich in unique natural monuments and attractions. The Urals is located between the European part of the country, Siberia and Central Asia, with which it is connected by a developed transport network. The region has a relatively high level of market infrastructure development. The Urals has a historically high intellectual, scientific, technical and cultural potential. The conditions for development are determined by the mountains and the existing transport links in the region. The recreational potential of the region is significant: the rivers - Kama, Belaya, Tura, Iset; tributaries - Chusovaya, Mias; lakes - Uvildy, Shartash.

The main tourist centers of the region are Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Ufa, Nizhny Tagil, Nevyansk.

Climate- Climate continental region. The level of light solar radiation varies from insufficient in the north (1650 hours) to moderate (1800 hours). In the north, the level of ultraviolet radiation in winter is insufficient, in the rest of the territory it is optimal. The frost-free period lasts from 95 to 140 days. Summer is warm. average temperature July + 18 ° C. Winter is moderately cold. The average January temperature is -15° C. In the north, the snow cover lasts 150-190 days, and in the south about 110 days. Its height reaches 40-60 cm. The most favorable period for tourism and recreation begins at the end of May and ends in September. It can sometimes be overshadowed by cold rains in the north in the mountains and excessive heat and drought in the south. The winter season is favorable for skiing and skiing.

Ancient mountains, "gray Ural" - the most striking natural feature of the region. They create a unique image of the Urals, make it attractive for numerous tourists and vacationers. In terms of landscape, the area can be divided into several parts. The Ural Range consists of the medium-altitude Northern Urals (1569 m above sea level), the low-mountain Middle Urals (up to 700 m above sea level), the mid-mountain Southern Urals(1640 m above sea level). The foothill plains from the west are bordered by the Upper Kama (300-330 m above sea level) and Bugulma-Belebeevskaya (380-420 m above sea level) uplands. The dissected relief creates conditions for the development of various species active tourism. Many of the most high peaks Northern and Southern Urals - Isherim (1331 m), Denezhkin Kamen (1492 m), Konzhakovsky Kamen (1569 m), Big Iremmel (1582 m), Yamantau (1640 m) - rocky and treeless. They are popular with climbers and climbers.

The territory of the district is watered by a large number of rivers. The largest of which are: Kama, Belaya, Ural, Tura, Iset, as well as their tributaries: Chusovaya, Yuryuzan, Inzer, Ai, Miass). There are many lakes in the foothills: Uvildy, Argazi, Irtyash, Shartash, Kalkak. Among the water bodies, an important role belongs to the Kama reservoir.

The swimming season in the north of the Ural region is quite short - only about one month, while in the south it reaches three. The hydro-mineral resources of the Ural region are quite diverse. Along with sulfate drinking waters and chloride sodium bromine brines, carbonic ferruginous, hydrogen sulfide, bromine, iodine-bromine and radon waters are common here. In Bashkiria, there is a unique natural resort "Yangantau", where the main healing factor is natural hot vapors and dry hot gases coming to the surface from the cracks of Mount Yangantau. Sodium chloride brines (salt waters) with a mineralization of 35 to 150 g/l were discovered in various regions of the Volga region at depths of 400 to 1500 m; they are used in the Udmurt sanatoriums Varzi-Yatchi and Metallurg.

The resort "Uvildy" is located in the Argayashsky district of the Chelyabinsk region. Natural healing factors: the unique mild climate of the southeastern shore of Lake Uvildy with high natural ionization and saturation with phytoncides, highly active natural radon waters from natural source(the most effective in Russia); natural sapropelic mud of Sabanai lake. Profile of the sanatorium: diseases of the nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine system, musculoskeletal system, gynecological and urological diseases.

Sanatorium Obukhovsky, Kuri, flower-mud of Moltaeva Lake,

Resources of therapeutic mud in the area are represented by peat and sapropelic mud. There are small lake-key deposits of silt sulphide mud. Peat mud is found in the forest zone in Udmurtia - the Varzi-Yachi resort.

The Sverdlovsk region is a combination of a developed economy and infrastructure with a variety of natural resources: picturesque mountains, forest lands, healing lakes. Yekaterinburg is the center of business tourism, business, congress and exhibition, corporate tourism. Lots of excursion programs(survey and thematic), museums. There are many caves on the territory of the region, and therefore speleotourism is developed here. Popular ski resorts on the Uktus mountains, in the vicinity of Revda, Mikhailovsk, Pervouralsk, Nizhny Tagil, Sredneuralsk, etc. Educational tourism: 1Sysert: Bazhovskie Places, Talkov stone, horse-riding, horse-sledge, excursions in the Bazhovskie Places park. 2Kholzan (Sysert district): aviary complex for the rehabilitation and monitoring of birds of prey. 3Koptelovo - not far from Nizhnyaya Sinyachikha. The village is famous for its Museum of the history of agriculture and the life of peasants. 4Nevyansk - Meadowsweet: The family nest of the Demidovs, the famous dynasty of industrialists and metallurgists (located more than 80 km from Yekaterinburg). The symbol of the city is the Nevyansk Leaning Tower. 5Deer Brooks: The excursion route passes through a forest area, which has the status of a natural monument of regional significance with an amazing variety of flora and fauna. 6Kungur Cave is a unique natural monument, the age of the cave is about 10-12 thousand years. 7Ganina Yama: Ganina Yama is a tract 17 km from Yekaterinburg, an abandoned copper mine. In the summer of 1918, the remains of the family of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II Romanov were secretly destroyed in one of its mines. A monastery was erected here in the name of the Holy Royal Passion-Bearers. 8Verkhoturye is the spiritual center of the Urals. Lots of Orthodox churches. 9Alapaevsk - N. Sinyachikha Alapaevsk is the birthplace of the great composer P.I. Tchaikovsky. House-museum of the composer P.I. Tchaikovsky. Nizhnesinyachikhinsky museum-reserve of wooden architecture and folk art directly under open sky. 10Irbit Museum of Fine Arts (graphics and engraving), historical and ethnographic museum, museum of motorcycles. Ostrich farm "Irbit ostrich".

Types of tourism: Ecotourism (Deer Streams, Natural Bazhovsky Park, Lake Arakul - Shikhan rocks, Nature Park Chusovaya River, etc.), skiing, speleotourism, business, educational.

Perm region - located in the Western Urals in the upper reaches of the Kama River. Not far from Perm, on the high bank of the Kama, there is the only one in the Urals architectural and ethnographic museum-reserve "Khokhlovka" covering an area of ​​42 hectares. Unique wooden buildings of the 17th-19th centuries were transported here from the north of the region. Every summer, folklore festivals are held on the territory of the open-air museum, which attract groups from many regions of Russia. Kungurskaya ice cave - a unique monument of nature of all-Russian significance. City Solikamsk is one of ancient cities Ural. Here it is unique museum salt. The cities of Osa (museum, monuments of architecture), Cherdyn (a collection of copper-bronze plastics (Perm animal style), architectural buildings of the 17th-18th centuries, Usolye (monuments of architecture) are rich in sights. Chusovaya river associated with many historical events, with famous figures in the history of Russia (Ermak, Stroganovs, Demidovs, Emelyan Pugachev) Stone Town (Devil's Settlement)– Fanciful rock outcrops form a network of corridors and tiers on a hill in the middle of the forest. Usva Pillars and Shumikhinsky Rocks"Usva Pillars" - pillar-shaped light gray remnants rise steeply 150 m above the level of Usva, on the right bank, rise with multifaceted stone bell towers. Their peaks are almost impregnable. The pillars are often visited by tourists, both during their travels in Usva and on their own. A good path leads to the top of the stone. An amazing view of the valley of the Usva River opens from the top platform. One of the sights here is the Usvinsky (Devil's) finger, this is a detached rock-remnant of impressive size. Several difficult climbing and climbing routes have been laid along it, which are available for passage only with special equipment and training.

Ski tourism - Mount Gubakha. Cruises on the Kama.

Healing natural resources are diverse: Ust-Kachka resort.

Chelyabinsk region National parks: Zyuratkul - Lake Zyuratkul is the main decoration of the park, it also has all the opportunities for sports tourism - fishing and active rest. ecological trail, ascent to the Zyuratkul ridge. Very beautiful Kitova Pier (designed as a theme park) Ilmensky Reserve- more than 260 minerals were found here, 11 of which were discovered for the first time in the world, and among plants there are species that are found only here. More than 30 lakes, one of the famous ones is Lake Turgoyak. Specialized natural-landscape and historical-archaeological center "Arkaim". Arkaim has already become a kind of spiritual center, our Russian Mecca. A lot of deep human secrets are connected with the phenomenon of Arkaim. Today, only one thing can be said with certainty, that Arkaim and the “Country of Cities” are one of greatest discoveries XX century. Chrysostom the city is rich in historical and architectural monuments, temples and museums, a dam and an old factory, German streets.

Ski tourism - ski center "Adzhigardak", "Zavyalikha", Egoza, Solar Valley. Rest on the lakes and fishing - Uvildy, Turgoyak, Itkul, Zyuratkul, Arakul, Kisegach, Sungul.

Bashkortostan - The nature of Bashkiria has endowed Bashkiria with a peculiar and rare beauty: there are majestic mountains covered with coniferous and deciduous forests. Mountain rivers with picturesque waterfalls, numerous lakes and caves (about 300 karst caves), as well as a significant number of sunny days, moderate climate, a variety of flora and fauna. Healing mountain air, the aroma of herbs, Bashkir honey, koumiss, the purity of turbulent rivers will bring a lot of health to travelers. Large selection of active tours the most beautiful places Bashkiria: horse riding tours, catamaran rafting on the Belaya and Zilim rivers, hiking tours, bus routes. Sanatoriums, resorts and recreational tourism. In Bashkiria, there is a unique Yangan-Tau resort, where natural healing factors are natural hot vapors and dry gases. popular ski resort"Abzakovo", ski center "Metallurg-Magnitogorsk".

Business tourism - 90% foreigners. Industrial tourism. river cruises"Perm - Kazan - Ulyanovsk" - Mikhail Kutuzov, "Perm - Tchaikovsky - Elabuga - Kazan - Nizhny Novgorod- Gorodets - Kostroma - Yaroslavl - Myshkin - Uglich - Moscow "- Fedor Panferov. The quality of service does not depend on demand.

Output: Make the capital of the Urals tourist mecca not easy, because for a long time it was closed to foreigners. And the Ural brand is an opportunity to promote the Ural tourism product. In general, the potential is great, but there are problems in receiving tourists in Yekaterinburg:

1. accommodation, lack of hotels tour. class; price discrepancy; no discounts in hotels; 2. lack of a car park (old buses) 3. poor service on out-of-town excursions - there are no toilets on the highway. 4. opinion about Russia, that we are robbed, shot in the streets, and bears walk around ....6. no maps, signs in English. (d / foreigners) 7. lack of staff - guides with the language, qualified guides, almost all at the amateur level.

Similar information.

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

GOUVPO “PERM STATE UNIVERSITY”

geographicalFACULTY

Department of Socio-Economic Geography

tourism market of the Ural region

5th year student

Part-time department

Gorbunova N.A.

scientific adviser

PhD, Associate Professor

Balina T.A.

Perm 2009

Introduction

1. Current state tourist market of the region

2. Network of active tourism routes and protected natural areas

3. The main ways and prospects for the development of the regional tourism market in the Urals

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The Ural lands are traditionally not included in the list of special economic tourist and recreational zones. At first glance, this is quite true: summer lasts a week, birch landscapes middle lane... Here are just the old Ural Mountains, rising like a ridge along the border of Europe and Asia, turbulent rivers along which rafters once lowered their barges, cities where the merchant and gold mining chronicle froze in architecture, Yekaterinburg, Perm, Chelyabinsk ... Since we There are so many things, so there is a place for tourism.

This paper gives a brief description of the current state of tourism in the Urals, its main routes. Particular attention was paid to the ecological framework of the region - the system of its specially protected natural areas and nature-oriented tourism routes closely related to them. The problems and main directions of development of the tourist market of the Ural region are considered.

1. The current state of the tourist market in the region

It is believed that the Urals is now experiencing a tourism boom: skiing is actively developing in the world, and the landscape features of the region, as well as a good sanatorium and resort base (this is typical for the Southern Urals), make it possible to receive financial profit from inbound tourism. There is an opinion that it is skiing that can become the "horse" of the Urals as a whole.

As for the historically and culturally significant objects of the Urals, they are mostly on municipal and state funding. There are a number of practical developments in the transfer of such objects for rent. An example is the organization of a walking route around the city of Tobolsk, when significant architectural objects were leased to entrepreneurs who ensured the "event" of the route.

For the Middle Urals, the most relevant topic is the interpenetration of cultures on the border of Europe and Asia. A mountainous region with long industrial traditions, the Stroganovs, Demidovs, the Ural Gold Rush - all these images form the basis of our region's positioning. There is another key episode in history with which the Urals are often associated - the already mentioned execution of the last tsar and his family. Certainly one of the most effective this moment factors of cognitive tourism, but its negative context cannot but affect the image of the territory. But its consequences are gradually smoothed out, the political aspect becomes one of the elements of the richness of the cultural and historical heritage.

However, both representatives of the regional administration and tour operators often note that while the introduction of inbound tourism is a matter of enthusiasts, and the income from it often does not cover losses. The director of the Krasnov travel agency and the president of the Perm Tourist Guild, Mikhail Krasnov, notes that group inbound tourism is quite rare, and the main clients are people living outside the Urals, since most local lovers of such a holiday are members of the corresponding tourist clubs and travel without the mediation of travel companies.

But development does not stop - work is also being done with tourist mountain, water and speleological routes, bases and parking lots are being equipped, infrastructure is improving. The main barrier for inbound tourism - both in the Perm Territory and in the Urals as a whole - is the lack of information support. And the cooperation of the territories to promote a single brand of the Greater Urals should help overcome this problem.

Separately, it is necessary to single out the sphere of active tourism, which is very poorly represented on the market and has great development potential.

2. Network of active tourism routes and protected natural areas

Currently, there are a large number of types of tourism, one way or another related to travel in nature. These are “environmental”, “green”, “nature-oriented”, “soft”, “environmentally and socially responsible”, “adventure”, “active”, etc. changed environment and route character.

Within the Urals for more than seventy years, a system of active tourist routes has developed.

Administratively, they run within Perm Territory, Sverdlovsk region, Chelyabinsk region and the Republic of Bashkortostan. These regions are united by their position within the Ural mountain country. Three of them, except for the Perm Territory, have long common boundaries. The Perm Territory borders on the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Sverdlovsk Region. The integrity of this territory is based on close industrial, transport, social and other types of ties. The closest tourist ties are found in the northeastern periphery of the Perm Territory and the northwestern Sverdlovsk Region, as well as the northeastern part of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the northwestern part of the Chelyabinsk Region. These territories have good tourist permeability of borders, which can be explained by the lack of transport links between administrative centers and their extreme periphery, as well as formally existing borders between regions. The only possible ways to overcome these insulators are either natural river highways or hiking trails.

The existing system of tourist routes and the system of specially protected natural areas (PAs) coincide spatially. This is especially evident in large protected areas, such as nature reserves, sanctuaries, national and natural parks.

There are 8 state reserves in the Urals. Table 1 provides reference data.

Table 1 Reserves of the Urals

				Geographical position
Vishersky	Permian			Middle mountains of the axial zone of the Northern Urals
				and its western foothills within
				river basin Vishera in its upper reaches
Money stone	Sverdlovsk			The mid-mountain central part of the Northern
				Ural with the center - the mountain node Denezhkin
	Permian			Western slopes of the Middle Urals in the subzone
				middle taiga on the border with southern
Visimsky	Sverdlovsk			Middle Urals - part of the low-mountain
				watershed range and western
				macroslope, upper reaches of the river. Sulem
Ilmensky	Chelyabinsk			Eastern foothills of the Southern Urals
South Ural	Republic			Southern Urals, Yamantau Ranges,
	Bashkortostan			Zigalga, Mashak
	Chelyabinsk
Bashkir	Republic			Central part of the Southern Urals
	Bashkortostan			Significant areas of the mountain range