Features of the organization of recreational tourism. Recreational tourism Recreational tourism and its varieties

Intentionally traveling for the purpose of recreation, people began only in 1841, in fact, since that time we can talk about the emergence of a new form of leisure - tourist and recreational. Tourism satisfies people's need for recreation through a change of scenery. People began to specially go and go to places where they can relax, unwind, escape from the usual hustle and bustle. And so a special form of recreational activity appeared, during which a person restores his resources. About it and will be discussed in the review. We will tell you what are the features of this phenomenon, what are its types and how recreational tourism is organized.

Recreation and tourism

The tourism industry is becoming an increasingly important sector of the economy of modern states. In this regard, there is a complication of this area of activity. Systems of types and subtypes of tourism are being built, new modifications are appearing. And all this is trying to comprehend theorists. Today, researchers often talk about the recreational foundations of tourism, in this regard, the question arises about the relationship between the concepts of "tourism" and "recreation".

The first term refers to the temporary movement of people to other areas in order to meet the needs for relaxation, pleasure, knowledge, health improvement, etc. The second term usually refers to the restoration of human resources spent during work. Recreation is also proposed to be understood as the activity of people in the use of their free time. Thus, the concept of recreation is broader, since tourism is only one of the ways to relax and rejuvenate a person. There is something in common between recreation and tourism: both of these activities are associated with rest, relaxation, restoration of strength and resources. But there are also differences. Recreation can take place without moving to some other place, for example, lying on the couch after a working day is also a way to recuperate. And tourism can occur not only for recreational purposes, although it is fair to say that most of the purposes of tourism are recreational.

The concept of recreational tourism

In its most general form, recreational tourism can be characterized as follows: it is the movement of people in their free time to other territories in order to restore physical and mental resources. Almost all types of tourism fall under this broad definition. But the main antipode of recreational tourism is business tourism. In general, all movements in space for the purpose of earning, performing any duties and work do not belong to recreation. And all other trips with the aim of having fun and thereby restoring their resources are recreational. Thus, the essence of tourism, by and large, comes down to the fulfillment of a recreational function in human life. Travel is necessary in order to replenish the reserves of mental and physical strength. But not every trip fully contributes to productive rest. Here appears such a feature of the place to which the traveler travels, as potential opportunities to meet the needs of the tourist. In this case, it is worth talking about tourism not only from the side of the consumer of tourist services, but also from the side of their organizer. After all, tourism is also a business. And here it is necessary to talk about recreational tourism resources, which include not only the natural characteristics of the place, but also artificially created by people designing a tourist product.

Recreational resources

This term is understood as a system of natural and man-made objects that can satisfy the needs of tourists for recreation. As well as a set of objects on the basis of which you can create a tourist product, i.e. a tour for sale to a tourist. Obviously, recreational resources are the basis of recreation and tourism. If a place has nothing that would help a person to restore at least some strength after work, then no one will come here. There is a branched classification of recreational resources, these include:

Natural objects (forest, sea, mountain, water, meadow);

Artificial objects ( architectural monuments and complexes, cultural and historical complexes, cities and settlements with a complex of attractions, resorts, religious and religious sites, antiquities, as well as various events, including sports).

Thus, recreational resources include many different objects with different potential. There is also the practice of dividing resources according to movable/real estate, renewability/non-renewability.

Recreational resources are characterized by such features as quality heterogeneity, exhaustibility and renewability, limited simultaneous use.

Natural and recreational resources

TO natural objects that can satisfy people's need for rest include:

coasts of seas, rivers, various reservoirs;
forest and meadow massifs;
mountains and foothills;
jungle and desert.

On their basis, national parks, reserves, resort areas, the necessary infrastructure is being formed.

Cultural and historical recreational resources

Artificially created objects include:

museums;
architectural complexes;
capitals of the world;
religious complexes and structures;
sport events;
festivals, holidays, competitions, ceremonies.

Tours are also being developed to deliver people to these facilities, and the necessary infrastructure is being created.

Classification of recreational tourism

There are several approaches to the allocation of types of recreational tourism. In the most conservative approach, only two types are distinguished: health-improving and cognitive. However, the ever-increasing complexity of the tourism system required a more thorough approach to identifying the types of recreational tourism. These include:

wellness;
informative;
ethnographic;
sports;
religious;
rural;
ecological;
gastronomic;
cultural types of tourism.

There is even an attempt to substantiate the development of tourist and recreational tourism, which is aimed at achieving several goals at the same time: recreation, knowledge, and health improvement. In this case, vacationers are given as an example, who come to the resort with the main goal - to undergo medical procedures. But they also make excursions around the resort, go in for sports: trekking, swimming, fitness, and also visit entertainment venues: casinos, bowling alleys, discos. It would be more appropriate to call this species mixed or actually recreational.

Another classification is related to the area in which it is carried out, in this case, they distinguish:

mountain;
nautical;
forest,
rural,
industrial,
jailoo,
speleotourism.

According to the method of movement, hiking, automobile, air tourism, railway, bicycle, water, mountain, ski and other types of recreational tourism are distinguished. There are other classifications, but those listed fully characterize the concept of recreational tourism.

Health tourism

One of the most widespread in the world is recreational and health tourism. In order to improve their health, people go to resorts where they receive special treatment, and also improve their health due to the characteristics of the area: air, water, mud, etc. The features of this type of tourism are that the duration of the tour cannot be less than 3 weeks. Staying at a resort is always an impressive financial cost, since the tour includes not only treatment, but also accommodation and transportation costs. Spa treatment is mainly consumed by tourists of the older age group, when health begins to suffer greatly.

Today, a new type of health-improving recreational tourism is emerging - these are preventive and sanatorium tours. Their goal may be to prevent any diseases, as well as to receive a course of procedures aimed at rejuvenating the body, relieving stress, and relaxing. There is also such a variety of this type of tourism as cosmetic tourism. As part of the tour, people receive a set of procedures aimed at improving the condition of the skin and body.

Cultural tourism

Cognitive recreational tourism is a huge variety of various subspecies. The fact is that cultural needs can be met with the help of a variety of objects: museums, attractions, events. According to the subject, educational tourism is also divided into many varieties: artistic, historical, literary, ethnographic, natural history and others. The development of a tourism product that satisfies such needs of the traveler should arouse his curiosity. Satisfying it, a person experiences pleasure, in addition, a person replenishes his spiritual strength.

Sports tourism

This type of travel is also called active tourism. As part of such tours, people cover long distances on foot, on skis, on horseback, in kayaks or catamarans. The purpose of such tourism is to enjoy physical activity, as well as the fight against stress, replenish mental strength. Sports tourism is associated with overcoming various obstacles, including overcoming oneself, one's fears. Recreational sports tourism should not be confused with mere sports tourism, in which people compete to overcome various obstacles. In this perspective, tourism ceases to be a means of replenishing resources, it becomes close to professional tourism.

Recreational tourism system

Since recreational tourism faces many tasks, its organization is also associated with a whole range of different activities. The organization of recreational tourism includes the following stages:

selection of a recreational direction and assessment of its potential and resources;
route development;
compiling a list of necessary and their suppliers;
compiling a list of possible additional products and services on the tour.

All these stages should find expression in the tourist service program. In addition, the organization of tourism includes providing the tourist with the necessary infrastructure: transport, accommodation and food. Staffing is also required. Recreational tourism is a specific area of human activity. To meet the needs of tourists, qualified personnel are needed: doctors and other medically competent employees for health tourism, trained guides for educational tourism, instructors and trainers for sports tourism.

The concept of recreational activities

This concept was formed in psychology, where it is understood as the activity of a person in his free time, accompanied by positive emotions and having socially approved characteristics. Like any activity, it must have a goal, structure, duration, tools. The main types of recreational activities are health and educational tourism and recreation. Mass recreation means the most different types activities, for example, fishing, hunting, walking in the park, etc. And recreational activities in tourism involve the organization of sanitary spa treatment and cultural educational tourism, development of tours, routes, creation of transport infrastructure, formation of a network of accommodation and food places.

World experience

Tourism as a type of recreational activity appears in Europe in the middle of the 19th century. But it becomes widespread in the second half of the 20th century. At this time, the development of recreational tourism is gaining momentum: many places of accommodation of different levels are being created, the catering network is expanding, and transport infrastructure is improving. And tourism in one form or another becomes available to most of the population. All developed countries are starting to fight for tourist flows. The capitals of states are becoming real tourist Meccas, with many attractions, museums, and entertainment enterprises. At the end of the 20th century, many states of the developing world are also joining this struggle. There are opportunities to travel in Africa, Asia, South America. Today you can see how countries are trying to win back their part of the recreational tourism market. of Eastern Europe- Romania, Croatia, Montenegro. They begin to develop infrastructure, study the recreational potential of their countries.

Russian practice of recreational tourism

Tourism in Russia has been developing with varying intensity since the beginning of the 20th century. Today it is recognized as one of the most promising areas of the economy, almost all regions of the country have begun to develop tourist attractiveness. Assessing the recreational tourism resources of Russia, experts note the huge potential of the country. and it's not just that. The richest cultural and historical heritage and wide geography allow the development of all types of recreational tourism. Not only suitable for educational tourism big cities, in which there are many attractions, but also small settlements. What is successfully proved, for example, by Myshkin, Ples, Suzdal and other small Russian cities. Territories are ideal for the development of recreational tourism Black Sea coast, Caucasus, Gorny Altai. In Russia, there are many conditions for the functioning of balneological resorts, sanatoriums and dispensaries.

Types of recreational tourism ……………………..…………………5

Features of the organization of recreational tourism ………………... 7

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….10

List of used literature……………………………………………... 12

Introduction

Rest is one of the essential conditions for maintaining and strengthening health, maintaining high working capacity and achieving active longevity. One of the most popular types of recreation is tourism. Tourism - temporary trips of people to another country or locality other than the place of permanent residence for a period of 24 hours to 6 months without the right to work. Tourism is the most effective means of satisfying recreational needs, as it combines various types of recreational activities - health improvement, knowledge, restoration of human productive forces. Tourism is an integral part of health care, physical culture, a means of spiritual, cultural and social development of the individual.

Recreational tourism is a type of tourism, the purposes of which are recreation, treatment or sports. Simplistically, the goal of recreational tourism can be formulated as a full-fledged recreation and improvement of a person by means of tourism. The tasks of improving the health of participants in tourist recreational activities are in fact inseparable from the tasks of their proper rest (they are solved jointly). Therefore, without fear of making a mistake, one can call recreational tourism at the same time health tourism. At the same time, if one or another technology of recovery is specially used in tourist activities (a method, means of recovery are chosen, appropriate events are planned), then we, emphasizing this focus, will call them recreational and health-improving. In other cases, it should be understood that any recreational tourist event also has a health-improving orientation (health-improving motive), and the healing process takes place “by itself” in the context of passive or active recreation. Passive rest involves the cessation of previous activities and complete physical rest of the body, leisure- Switching the activity of the body to another type of activity.

Recreational tourism is the movement of people in their free time for the purpose of rest, necessary to restore the physical and mental strength of a person. For many countries of the world, this type of tourism is the most widespread and massive. For the development of this type of tourism, recreational resources are needed. Recreational resources constitute the most important part of the natural potential of the region. In addition, their role in the formation and development of modern tourism in the region is constantly increasing, especially from an ecological and geographical point of view. Recreational is shifting towards rehabilitation under certain climatic conditions and means of tourism in the form of dosed walking and other activities that contribute to the treatment of certain diseases, their prevention, increase immunity and general tone of the body. In general, recreational tourism is considered as a form of active tourism within the framework of physical recreation with certain restrictions on physical activity. Going beyond the upper limits leads to sports tourism, going beyond the lower limits leads to rehabilitation tourism, i.e. to treatment in a sanatorium.
Unlike other types of physical culture in physical recreation, the most significant are not the generally accepted components of physical activity, but subjective sensations associated with the performance of certain actions that are more enjoyable, rather than exhausting. It is the principle of pleasure that is one of the main distinguishing principles of physical recreation. Many types of physical recreation are accompanied by great pleasure from motor activity.

Recreational tourism can be divided into several types:
1. Tourist and recreational type;
2. Cognitive-tourist type.
Each type requires its own type of recreational resources. Recreational resources are understood as a complex managed and partially self-governing system, consisting of a number of interrelated subsystems, namely: vacationers, natural and cultural territorial complexes, technical systems, service personnel and a governing body. The composition of natural characteristics includes the area and capacity of the recreational area, climate comfort, the presence of water bodies, primarily of balneological properties, aesthetic features of the landscape, etc. The optimal combination of these characteristics creates the necessary basis for the development of recreational tourism. For the first type, these are climatic factors, which, in combination with mineral water sources and therapeutic mud, create favorable conditions for the formation of a resort complex. For the second besides the above - historical and cultural potential. Territorially, in Russian Federation several main recreational zones can be distinguished, forest-steppe, forest, mountain and coastal zones have opportunities for organizing both mass recreation and tourism, as well as medical and rehabilitation resort holidays all year round. Let's take a closer look at the coastal mountain zone. The coastal zone mainly includes the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus from Anapa to Sochi, and the mountainous Caucasian Mineralnye Vody. Biomedical assessment of climatic and weather conditions at seaside resorts is based on the determination of the possibilities of various types of rehabilitation and recreational activities in these conditions. The main types of climatic and recreational activities at seaside resorts are aerotherapy
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(sea air breathing, air baths), thalassotherapy (sea bathing), heliotherapy (general solar radiation and their special types), kinesitherapy. The latter includes walks along the seashore, sports games on the beach, active swimming, rowing and other water sports. Combinations of these types of recreational activities are common.
So, when staying on the beach, aero-helio-thalasso-kinesic effects are usually combined. Walks along the shore are aero-kineso- or aero-helio-kineso-influences, etc. Despite the noted diversity and complexity of recreation, two main types of it can be distinguished, depending on climatic and weather conditions in different ways. Recreational activities of the first type can be called passive. These include sunbathing and air baths alone. They are usually carried out on the beach. This type of recreation makes strict demands on the weather. The second type is active recreation: walks, sports games, etc. From passive recreation, active is distinguished, firstly, by the fact that physical activity causes increased heat production. Secondly, during active recreation, people are usually dressed. And although light clothing is usually used in this case, in combination with increased heat production, this makes lower air temperatures comfortable than for passive recreation. Weather requirements are less stringent compared to passive recreation.

Recreational tourism, as one of the types of physical recreation, is defined as "travel for the purpose of rest, treatment, restoration and development of the physical, mental and emotional forces of a person." Thus, the program for organizing this type of tourism should have a multifunctional character: recreation, leisure and entertainment activities, a health program that can raise the vitality of vacationers, satisfy their spiritual and emotional needs. The system-forming factors of recreational tourism are distinguished:
· A change of scenery
Ensuring sufficient muscle activity
Stimulation of natural immunity - the body's immunity to pathogenic bacteria.
A change of scenery is associated with a person’s “exit” from everyday, monotonous and therefore already tiring conditions of life, ensuring the switching of the neuro-emotional sphere to new objects of the external environment, distracting him from the tiring and sometimes negative influences of everyday life. Hiking trips and trips that take the city dweller to a new landscape and climatic environment are associated with direct contact with nature. The healing process is based on the use of natural health-improving resources in combination with recreational and health-improving methods (air and sunbathing, health path, phytotherapy, pantotherapy, florotherapy, light physical activity, etc.), and natural resources, which include landscapes, bioclimate, hydro-mineral resources ( mineral water and therapeutic mud), plays a leading role. At the same time, the use of natural healing factors, therapeutic

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health-improving areas in the improvement of the population is a profitable and cost-effective direction. Ensuring sufficient muscle activity, eliminating the adverse effects of "muscular hunger" with training of the main functional systems that ensure the body's performance: cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal and nervous systems. Hiking and water tourism is one of the effective means of developing the body's working capacity. Stimulation of natural immunity - the body's immunity to pathogenic bacteria. Long-term, moderate in intensity muscle load provides an increase in the level of not only metabolic processes and the activity of the endocrine system, but also tissue immunity. The biostimulants formed during physical activity contribute to the resorption of foci of subsiding inflammation, stimulate regenerative processes in the tissues of the body. Unlike sports tourism, which is focused on expanding the ability of a person to overcome natural obstacles and adapt to new, not yet mastered conditions, recreational tourism is used mainly to improve the reliability of life in everyday conditions of an already mastered habitat.
The main objectives of recreational tourism are:
1. Harmonious physical development and promotion of all-round human development;
2. Health promotion and disease prevention;
3. Ensuring a good rest of different ages and professions;
4. Maintaining high performance;
5. Achievement of active creative longevity.
Thus, in order to organize a recreational and health-improving type of tourism, the territory must have natural healing resources, to

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which include landscape, bioclimate, hydro-mineral resources. Recreational resources are assessed on the basis of a factor-by-factor assessment of each of the components: relief, water bodies and soil and vegetation cover, bioclimate, hydro-mineral and unique natural healing resources, historical and cultural potential, etc., considered from the point of view of using it by a specific type of tourism.

Conclusion

Thus, programs for the organization of recreational tourism must have a multifunctional character:

Recreational tourism solves the following tasks:

Recreational tourism, especially its active forms, can eliminate or reduce the impact on a person of adverse factors of everyday reality (neuro-emotional overload, hypokinesia, excessive malnutrition, etc.). Effective rest and recovery of participants in recreational and tourist activities is facilitated, firstly, by ensuring sufficient muscle activity, eliminating the adverse effects of "muscular hunger" with training of the main functional systems that ensure the body's performance: cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, neuro-endocrine etc.
Secondly, in addition to physical activity of moderate volume and intensity, a change of scenery and a positive emotional background from communicating with nature and a pleasant company have a healing effect. "Exit" of a person from everyday, monotonous

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conditions, provides switching of the neuro-emotional sphere to new objects.
Thirdly, recreational natural resources themselves contribute to the improvement of the body. It is not even worth proving the beneficial effect on the health of such natural factors as moderate sun exposure, clean air and water, exposure to phytoncides in pine forest etc. In a natural recreational environment, natural immunity is stimulated, immunity to pathogens increases. Improvement and good rest of tourists is also promoted by high-quality tourist service, as well as regular (in contrast to the bustle of the city) diet, exercise and rest; healthy diet. In general, we come to the conclusion that recreational tourism is characterized by a whole range of healing factors that have a beneficial effect on both the physical status of a person and his neuro-emotional sphere. It is their complex effect, where moderate muscular efforts are combined with nervous “relaxation”, positive emotions, and the hardening effect of natural sources of health, that makes up the health-improving effectiveness of recreational tourism.

List of used literature

one). Senin V. S. Introduction to tourism. M., 2003.-104s.
2). Gulyaev VG Organization of tourist activity. M., Knowledge, 2006. -312s.
3). Bagrova L.A., Bagrov N.V., Preobrazhensky V.S. Recreational resources.
M., 2007
4). Kvartalnov V.A. Tourism: Textbook. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2002. - 320s.
five). Zorin I.V., Kvartalnov V.A. Encyclopedia of tourism. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2003. - 368s.

Recreational tourism

Recreational resources are assessed on the basis of a factor-by-factor assessment of each of the components: relief, water bodies and soil and vegetation cover, bioclimate, hydro-mineral and unique natural healing resources, historical and cultural potential, etc.), considered from the point of view of its use by a specific type of tourism.

Recreational tourism can be divided into several types:

Tourist and recreational type

Cognitive-tourist type

The largest segment of international tourism is travel for the purpose of recreation and recreation, accounting for 60% of the world's international tourism.

Recreational tourism: tourism with the main purpose of recreation, treatment and other recreational purposes. concept recreation(recovery) covers all types of recreation, including sanatorium treatment.

By the end of the twentieth century, the concept of "recreation" acquired new shades, the goals became more diverse. Tourists themselves, especially those who travel regularly and often, are more adventurous about their vacation, trying to get maximum pleasure and diversify their leisure time with active activities. Travel organizers are also looking to innovate to make their offering stand out from the competition.

The most beautiful places are chosen for recreational travel. There are many places on earth where nature itself appears to tourists as a work of art. Whether it's mighty Niagara Falls in North America, lake Baikal in Siberia or picturesque fjords in Norway. Each of these places causes an inexhaustible desire of people to see this miracle with their own eyes.

Taking care of nature and preserving it for future generations central location in the policy of states seeking to develop the tourism sector of the economy. In Canada, for example, much attention is paid to the creation of national parks. Some of them are associated with historical events or the lives of prominent historical and statesmen, others serve the sole purpose of preserving nature and creating "quiet corners" where current and future generations can take a break from the city noise and enjoy nature in its original form.

There are specially designed routes for the guests of national parks, which can be followed by a guide or take an independent walk using a tourist guide. Tourists come to national parks to see dense forests, picturesque lakes, mountain streams and glaciers, watch the life of birds and wild animals in their natural environment, admire the beauty of wild flowers, and breathe in the healing forest air.

In recreational tourism, one of the main health-improving methods is climatotherapy. The favorable effect of climate therapy on the body is determined by such factors as the position of the area above sea level, the degree of remoteness from the sea, atmospheric pressure, air temperature, air circulation and humidity, precipitation, solar radiation intensity, etc. The main directions of climatotherapy: heliotherapy, aerotherapy and thalassotherapy.

Thalassotherapy resorts usually use heated water if the natural sea water not warm enough. But if you plan a trip to an ordinary vacation spot on sea coast, it is necessary to bear in mind the difference in temperature between air and water. Water warms up more slowly than land, so in spring, when average temperature The air reaches 20 degrees Celsius, the water in the sea is still cold - no higher than 15 degrees, and swimming in the sea is unsafe for health. In autumn, on the contrary, the air cools rather, and sea water continues to retain summer heat. In Tunisia, for example, the water in March is much colder than in October.

The number of rainy sunny days It is also of great importance when choosing the time of year to visit a particular area, and for visiting countries with a tropical climate, it is necessary to allocate the most and least favorable periods. In Thailand, for example, it is usually hot and humid, the driest and most favorable time to visit is from November to February. In March, it already becomes unbearably hot, and from June to October there are monsoon rains.

Widely used in recreational tourism landscape therapy- a method of spa treatment, which uses a beneficial effect on the body of a person's stay in an area with beautiful scenery. This helps to normalize the functions of the nervous system, cheerful mood, improve sleep and appetite.

In recreational tourism, natural and climatic resources are actively used. Enjoy continued success balneological resorts where various methods of exposure to healing mineral springs on the human body. Offered mud treatment- applications of therapeutic mud of various origins. Are used thermal waters - groundwater with a temperature of 20 degrees and above. They got their name from the village of Terma, located in Sicily, where they first began to be used for medicinal purposes. Implemented everywhere hydrotherapy- hydrotherapy (hydromassage, circular shower, bathing, cascading bathing, etc.). Under construction water parks. Since ancient times, people have noted the beneficial effects of the aquatic environment on human health. Now water parks have been created everywhere in large tourist centers (the USA, France, Japan, Spain, Turkey, Italy, Finland and other countries have famous water parks that attract thousands of tourists).

In St. Petersburg, for example, by the 300th anniversary of the city, it is planned to create a huge water park, which will be able to visit 8,600 tourists a day. It will be a universal recreation and entertainment center - an indoor water park offering swimming in pools with currents and ocean waves, jumping into the water from springboards, riding on water slides, whirlpool baths, etc. In Moscow, a similar center has already been opened and is popular with the population.

Under the favorable influence of the surrounding nature, as a result of the process of communication and direct contact with natural natural benefits, healing takes place in the human body itself, its emotional and mental state improves. Inspection of the monuments of human culture enriches the human intellect, acquaintance with the customs and traditions of other peoples contributes to the interpenetration of cultures and the development of mutual understanding between nations.

Recreational tourism offers a wide variety of sports and leisure activities to fill leisure activities, for some reasons it includes such types of tourism as excursion, water, climbing, adventure, hunting, fishing, entertainment, sports, exotic, ecological, etc.

Sightseeing Tourism is one of the most popular types of educational tourism. It is performed for the purpose of familiarization with tourist attractions (monuments of history, architecture, art, etc.). In our country, in pre-perestroika times, educational tours formed the basis of Soviet outbound tourism. Trips, as a rule, were made in tourist groups with comprehensive services, accompanied by a guide-interpreter and according to a planned program, which indicated all the sights that were to be visited during the trip abroad.

By the beginning of the third millennium, excursion tourism has undergone changes. Regular group tours are considered a kind of calling card serious tour operator. But at present in Russian outbound tourism offer and implement guaranteed trips for excursion tours only a few companies can. Trips abroad are increasingly acquiring the features of an individual rather than a group trip, excursions are no longer fully planned in advance, tourists decide on their own where to go and what to see.

Tour routes, as a rule, cover several cities and provide an opportunity to get acquainted with the most outstanding monuments of a particular country. It can be called classic tours in Germany, including visits to Cologne - Bonn - Dusseldorf - Frankfurt am Main - Nuremberg - Munich, or tours of Italy Rome - Venice - Florence.

Specialized tourism. Unlike ordinary holidaymakers, travelers in this category have a specific purpose and their stay is usually focused on that purpose, whether it be participating in sports, bird or animal watching, participating in horse trails, visiting a number of places associated with a particular historical event or personality, etc. The organization of this type of tourism requires highly qualified tour operator. Usually, such groups are accompanied by a specialist on the issue of interest to tourists, who has in-depth knowledge of this subject and can give explanations during the trip.

In specialized tourism, there is also a segment united by the desire to stay in unusual accommodation, such as, for example, a health farm, or a peasant house. Studies conducted in this segment showed a higher level of education, a higher level of personal income, a high social status of the participants (managers, unique specialists and high-class professionals).

Educational tourism. Travel for the purpose of education, advanced training are relatively new in international tourism. Language learning trips are the most popular, especially to the UK and other English-speaking countries.

Sports tourism. The main objective of these tours is to provide tourists with the opportunity to practice their chosen sport. Sports tours divided into two types: active and passive. In the first case, the basis is doing some kind of sport, in the second case, interest in sports, for example, attending competitions.

Adventure tourism is a kind of recreation and ensures not only the stay of tourists in an attractive place for them, but also an unusual type of activity. Adventure tourism is divided into several types:

1. Hiking expeditions;

2. Safari tours (hunting, fishing, butterfly catching, etc.)

3. Sea and river travel (yachting).

A specific feature of such tourism is obtaining various licenses (hunting, fishing, importing trophies), as well as ensuring security, which requires highly qualified instructors. This type of tourism has a rather high cost, and it can be classified as an elite holiday.

Exotic tourism. This type of tourism is associated with travel to exotic countries, islands in the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, or with travel on an unusual vehicle or to an exotic place. In recent years, tours have appeared that are striking in their unusualness. most incredible and expensive tour while is the flight into space. After the flight of the first tourist Denis Tito on a Russian spaceship, traveling into space no longer seems like a distant dream. At present, a list has already been formed of those wishing to make a short space trip on the Russian Buran spacecraft, who are ready to pay 100 thousand dollars for this exotic trip.

An example of exotic tourism is a trip to the Arctic on comfortable icebreakers with a sauna, swimming pool, conference rooms. The icebreaker is equipped with boats and helicopters for excursions. Many who want to get to know underwater world and travel by submarine. In Germany, a former prison cell is popular among tourists - lovers of the exotic, where you can feel like a prisoner.

Ecological tourism, or as it is commonly called ecotourism has attracted close attention in recent years. For residents of Europe and America, traveling through protected natural areas has become one of the most common types of recreation. The main difference of this type of tourism is that the focus of travel is the natural environment and tourists strive not to damage natural complexes, promote nature conservation and improve the well-being of the local population. Ecotourism aims to create economic incentives to preserve the environment. This is a wide range of travel - from small educational tours for schoolchildren to regular tourist programs in national parks and reserves. The income received from this type of tourism can be partly directed to environmental protection measures.

Social tourism These are trips subsidized from funds allocated by the state for social needs. aim social tourism is not to make a profit, but to support low-income people to realize their right to rest.

Recreational tourism- this is the movement of people in their free time for the purpose of rest, necessary to restore the physical and mental strength of a person. In many countries of the world this type of tourism is massive.

Recreational tourism can be divided into several types, for example, tourist and recreational and educational tourism. Each type of tourism requires (its own type of recreational resources. Under recreational resources is understood as a complex managed and partially self-governing system, consisting of a number of interrelated subsystems, namely: vacationers, natural and cultural territorial complexes, technical systems, service personnel and a governing body.

The composition of the natural characteristics of the recreational area includes the area and capacity, climate comfort, the presence of water bodies, primarily of balneological properties, aesthetic features of the landscape, etc. The optimal combination of these characteristics creates the basis for the development of recreational tourism.

For the tourist and recreational type, these are climatic factors, which, in combination with mineral water sources and therapeutic mud, create favorable conditions; for the formation of a resort complex; for cognitive-tourist, in addition to the above, a historical and cultural potential is necessary.

In territorial terms, several main recreational zones can be distinguished in the Russian Federation. In the forest-steppe, forest, mountainous and coastal zones, almost all year round there is an opportunity to organize both medical and rehabilitation resort holidays, as well as mass recreation and tourism. Recreational activities of the first kind, which can be called passive, include sunbathing and air bathing at rest, usually carried out in beach conditions; people are naked. This type of recreation makes strict demands on the weather.

Chapter 19

The second type is active recreation - walks, sports games, etc. Some types of recreation of the second type combine relaxation with the knowledge of nature and the environment. In Russia, cultural centers historical places, natural monuments visited by more than 60 million people annually. Also, travel not only brings a boost of energy, but also gives a lot of useful information about a variety of natural resources, the environment, as well as other types of recreation and recreation, such as observing wildlife, for birds, fish, etc. Recreational activities associated with water include, for example, fishing and exploring nature near water bodies, swimming for the purpose of recreation in simple and motor boats.

This type of recreation outside the home also includes attending concerts and outdoor sports, participating in various sports, such as football, beach volleyball, etc.

Special types of recreation. Some types of recreation, recreation and leisure activities in the open air, such as rock climbing or windsurfing, can be classified as special types of recreation. Most of them require for their device not only special conditions(the presence of mountains, a steep sea wave), but also a variety of sports equipment and inventory. This type also includes such traditional types of recreation and recreation as hunting, horseback riding, downhill skiing and sleighing, etc.

Some types of land-based recreation - cycling, running, walking - may or may not require special conditions. Thus, the popularity of running and hiking largely due to the fact that you can run and walk almost anywhere, be it a lawn near the house, an open stadium or a municipal park with special trails for running. Other "terrestrial" types of recreation, such as hiking, orienteering, etc., require a large number of different conditions and devices, which complicates participation in them and, therefore, somewhat reduces their popularity, but still the number of participants in these types of still quite high.

20.1. Human biological adaptation